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Washburn, Lisa T., LaVona Traywick, Lauren Thornton, Jessica Vincent, and Tellisha Brown. "Using Ripple Effects Mapping to Evaluate a Community-Based Health Program: Perspectives of Program Implementers." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 4 (October 26, 2018): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839918804506.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Traditional evaluation tools are oftentimes ill-suited for use in community settings where intervention outcomes of interest may occur at multiple levels and are influenced by interacting factors. Ripple effects mapping (REM) is a participatory technique engaging stakeholders to visually map project/program efforts and results to collect impact data. Using appreciative inquiry, the method helps participants and evaluators understand context for changes resulting from program experiences and is particularly well suited for community-based, participatory programs where impacts often occur beyond the individual level. This article describes the REM method and how it was applied to explore impact and refine program theory of the Extension Wellness Ambassador Program (EWAP), a community-based health-focused master volunteer program, from the perspective of program implementers ( n = 10). Insights emerging from the REM session indicate EWAP promotes health behavior change, contributes to community development due to increased leadership capacity, and sustains and grows implementing organizations. The program theory shaping evaluation was refined to better capture impact beyond individual levels. Application of the REM method to a community health program demonstrates feasibility; health promotion practitioners should consider REM to understand program context and capture outcomes that typically evade measurement using traditional techniques.
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Kotnour, Tim, Kay Stanney, Rafael Landaeta, Laura Milham, Julie Drexler, and Denise Nicholson. "Developing Impact Assessment for Training Systems Research & Development: A Case Study of the Strategic Approach for the NEWIT System." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 53, no. 26 (October 2009): 1954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120905302616.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Impact assessment seeks to evaluate the effects of a new system realized on target beneficiaries and is an essential process via which to tangibly demonstrate the operational and economic benefits of a research and development (R&D) program. This paper contributes a framework –Program-management Understanding, Measurement, and Assessment (PUMA) - for developing an impact assessment approach for planning and evaluating R&D programs. The intent of the framework is to help an R&D organization provide traceability from the identification of program needs to selecting and conducting R&D to implementation to defining and measuring results. The framework is demonstrated using an Office of Naval Research project.
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Scowcroft, V., W. L. Freedman, B. F. Madore, A. Monson, S. E. Persson, M. Seibert, C. Burns, and J. R. Rigby. "The Carnegie Hubble Program: From parallaxes to the Tully–Fisher relation." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S289 (August 2012): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312021540.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe Carnegie Hubble Program (CHP) is a Warm Spitzer program with the aim of reducing the uncertainty in the Hubble constant to below 3%. The program is calibrated using Galactic Cepheids with precise parallax distances from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), combined with a large sample of Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We extend the Cepheid distance scale to the Local Group and beyond, into the regime probed by the Tully–Fisher relation. The entire program—from Galactic Cepheids to the most distant galaxies—uses the Spitzer/IRAC instrument. Completing the entire program with a single instrument on a single telescope virtually eliminates instrumental effects, whilst moving to the mid-infrared drastically reduces the reddening and metallicity effects that trouble the optical Cepheid distance scale. Our first measurement of the Hubble constant, using only two CHP galaxies tied into the HST Key Project results has produced a measurement of H0 = 74.3 ± 2.1 (systematic) km s−1 Mpc−1, which corresponds to a systematic uncertainty of 2.8%.
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Brausch-Böger, Maxi Eileen, and Manuel Förster. "The Effects of an Entrepreneurial Project on the Career-Choice Readiness, Metacognition, and Growth Mindset of Secondary Students." Education Sciences 14, no. 5 (May 2, 2024): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci14050485.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study evaluated the effect of a four-day entrepreneurial project on the career-choice readiness of secondary school students. The hypotheses underlying this study state that participation in a school startup project increases the students’ career-choice readiness, growth mindset, and metacognition. Based on the literature, it is also assumed that a positive correlation exists between metacognition, growth mindset, and career-choice readiness. The present study examined a student entrepreneurship program by conducting a pre–post design. School classes developed and implemented business ideas with qualified coaches within the program based on a comprehensive didactic approach. Data from each group of participants were collected at two measurement time points. The results demonstrated that the values for all constructs increased in the post-test after participating in the entrepreneurial intervention. Furthermore, the findings indicate that a growth mindset is related to career-choice readiness and mediates the relationship between career-choice readiness and metacognition. Moreover, metacognition additionally favors a growth mindset. Based on the findings, entrepreneurial projects at schools are helpful for vocational orientation and should be extended by cooperating with external organizations and partners.
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Knežević, Jelena, Marina Milošević, and Bojan Lazić. "Project learning: From an idea to a learning model in the initial teaching of mathematics." Norma 26, no. 2 (2021): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/norma2102225k.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An adequate methodological approach in teaching mathematics in the classroom plays an important role in understanding mathematical concepts and achieving learning outcomes. This paper points out the characteristics, significance, and effects that can be achieved by applying project-oriented learning in teaching. This paper aims to point out the possibilities of applying the project model of work in the teaching of mathematics. Based on the results of previous research on this issue, as well as recommendations from the Program of teaching and learning for the first cycle of primary education, a model of project-based learning of content on measurement and measures is presented, which can serve to support teachers in organizing and affirming project-oriented teaching mathematics.
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Hatipoglu, Burcin, Bengi Ertuna, and Duygu Salman. "Corporate social responsibility in tourism as a tool for sustainable development." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 2358–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2018-0448.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThis study aims to analyze corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs in tourism as a tool for sustainable development in the CSR program of a multinational enterprise in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachThis study includes qualitative research on a single company, content analysis of company-originated documents, participant observations, questionnaires for tourism project coordinators and follow-up interviews with company directors and project managers.FindingsThe paper identifies immediate context variables, program management, the complementary nature of interests and the diverse capabilities of the partners and an ongoing evaluation process as the determining factors for creating shared value for CSR programs in tourism.Research limitations/implicationsDespite the challenges of impact assessment and measurement of long-term effects, the study proposes a systematic framework for evaluating shared value creation generated by CSR activity.Practical implicationsThe evaluation methodology introduced in this research will be of use to CSR program developers in interpreting and reporting on the anticipated outcomes and impacts of their interventions in sustainable tourism development.Social implicationsA lack of outcome evaluation and impact assessment may affect accountability and, hence, the legitimacy of CSR programs. This study attempts to mitigate that limitation by introducing a novel methodology.Originality/valueThe value of CSR in tourism is a highly contested issue, despite its high potential for contributing to sustainable development. This longitudinal research goes beyond presenting immediate outputs of a CSR program in sustainable tourism; it discusses intermediate outcomes in the form of capitals, community well-being and shared value for society at large.
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Styan, Craig, Travis Elsdon, Michael Marnane, Michelle Carey, Ceri Morgan, Tony Rouphael, and Paul de Lestang. "Knowledge gained from marine environmental monitoring during dredging at Barrow Island." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Monitoring required by regulators as part of environmental approvals in Australia has become increasingly complex and is sometimes viewed simply as the cost of developing projects, particularly in recent years. Monitoring programs, however, provide an important opportunity to learn about complex ecological systems and how they fare during large-scale disturbances, potentially with both project-specific and industry-wide benefits. During the Chevron-operated Gorgon Project’s major-capital dredging program, an unprecedented amount of information was collected about water quality and coral. Water quality was monitored continuously at 36 sites and the condition of nearly 1,600 individually labelled corals measured fortnightly during 18 months. While daily and fortnightly reports were provided for compliance purposes, a significant investment was also made by Chevron to a Predictive Links investigation, to re-analyse data to gain a better understanding between water quality and sedimentation with changes in coral condition. This additional investment resulted in a number of important research findings including revised water-quality thresholds for maintaining coral health that are based uniquely on field measurements during an actual dredging program. Subsequently, when environmental approvals were being sought for the nearby Wheatstone project, Chevron had a much better understanding of dredging and its potential effects on coral reefs in the region. The Wheatstone program now incorporates these data and ideas, and has allowed Chevron to have greater confidence in the dredging program being proposed, the likely impacts on coral assemblages, and how these should be managed and monitored.
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MacLeod, J. D., V. Taylor, and J. C. G. Laflamme. "Implanted Component Faults and Their Effects on Gas Turbine Engine Performance." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906567.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Under the sponsorship of the Canadian Department of National Defence, the Engine Laboratory of the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) has established a program for the evaluation of component deterioration on gas turbine engine performance. The effect is aimed at investigating the effects of typical in-service faults on the performance characteristics of each individual engine component. The objective of the program is the development of a generalized fault library, which will be used with fault identification techniques in the field, to reduce unscheduled maintenance. To evaluate the effects of implanted faults on the performance of a single spool engine, such as an Allison T56 turboprop engine, a series of faulted parts were installed. For this paper the following faults were analyzed: (a) first-stage turbine nozzle erosion damage; (b) first-stage turbine rotor blade untwist; (c) compressor seal wear; (d) first and second-stage compressor blade tip clearance increase. This paper describes the project objectives, the experimental installation, and the results of the fault implantation on engine performance. Discussed are performance variations on both engine and component characteristics. As the performance changes were significant, a rigorous measurement uncertainty analysis is included.
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Hero, Laura-Maija, Marianne Pitkäjärvi, and Kaija Matinheikki. "Discovering the effect metrics for innovation projects." Techne serien - Forskning i slöjdpedagogik och slöjdvetenskap 29, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/technea.4603.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Working life-integrated innovation projects have become a common part of education. An innovation project is a social phenomenon of learning that brings the competence of several individuals together in a social process through which a novel idea is turned into practical reality to convey value to its users. University–industry innovation collaboration research has mainly understood the role of the university as a partner responsible for research. However, these projects are often based on student teamwork, an open challenge from real working life and a predefined intention to produce a concrete, novel, and innovative product, service, or new operating model into use. The outcomes are meant to be taken into use to convey value for business and society. A paucity of empirical research exists on the development and assessment of these innovation education programs based on their effects on the surrounding society. The variables that are important in studying the effects of innovation education projects on surrounding society, participating companies, and organisations must be identified. In this study, a set of effect measurement scale variables were discovered through a document analysis and focus group interviews. The findings imply the importance of recognising the effects of the project both on the clients' and their organisations' goals (project output, benefits of participation, and what survives) and the wider impact of the projects on the surrounding society (impacts on the daily lives of citizens; well-being and health; economy, ecology, digitalisation; and social matters). Thus, a preliminary impact assessment model is suggested. Keywords: Innovation project, university-industry collaboration, impact, higher education, innovation pedagogy, document analysis, focus group
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McCrillis, Robert C., and Paul G. Burnet. "Effects of Burnrate, Wood Species, Altitude, and Stove Type on Woodstove Emissions." Toxicology and Industrial Health 6, no. 5 (October 1990): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379000600507.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the winter of 1986—87, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted an emission measurement program in Boise, ID, as part of the Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP). This program was designed to identify the potential mutagenic impact of residential wood burning on ambient and indoor air. One facet of this field sampling effort involved obtaining emission samples from chimneys serving wood burning appliances in Boise. As a companion to the field source sampling, a parallel project was undertaken in an instrumented woodstove test laboratory to quantify woodstove emissions during operations typical of Boise usage. Two woodstoves were operated in a test laboratory over a range of burnrates, burning either eastern oak or white pine from the Boise, ID, area. A conventional stove, manufactured in the Boise area, was tested at altitudes of 90 and 825 m. A catalytic stove was tested only at the high altitude facility. All emission tests were started with kindling a fire in a cold stove using black and white newsprint. Emissions were collected using the wood stove dilution sampling system (WSDSS) for a continuous period of about 8 hours, encompassing start-up and several wood additions. The results showed wide variability probably due primarily to the difficulty in duplicating conditions during start-up. Total WSDSS emissions showed the expected inverse correlations with burnrate for the conventional stove and nearly flat for the catalytic stove. While there appeared to be little or no correlation of total WSDSS emissions with altitude, the sum of the 16 poly-nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) quantified showed an inverse correlation with altitude: higher PAH emissions at the lower altitude.
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Pangeni, Ravi. "Student Zone." Leading Edge 40, no. 5 (May 2021): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle40050386.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A student training program, Engineering Seismology and Seismic Microzonation for Seismic Site Effects Assessment, was held 18–22 January 2020 in Lalitpur, Nepal. It was created through the collaboration of Thammasat University and Tribhuvan University, with support from Geoscientists Without Borders® (GWB). The goal of the program was to connect students with modern geophysical instrumentation and software through training. It specifically advanced theoretical and hands-on field-based knowledge pertaining to geotechnical earthquake engineering aspects and applications. The training served as part of a broader GWB project, Seismic Site Effects Study in Nepal, encompassing basin geometry, site characteristics, and the study of seismic site effects through microtremor measurements in Kathmandu Valley.
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MacLeod, J. D., and W. Grabe. "Comparison of Coriolis and Turbine-Type Flowmeters for Fuel Measurement in Gas Turbine Testing." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812761.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Machinery and Engine Technology (MET) Program of the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) has established a program for the evaluation of sensors to measure gas turbine engine performance accurately. The precise measurement of fuel flow is an essential part of steady-state gas turbine performance assessment. Prompted by an international engine testing and information exchange program, and a mandate to improve all aspects of gas turbine performance evaluation, the MET Laboratory has critically examined two types of fuel flowmeters, Coriolis and turbine. The two flowmeter types are different in that the Coriolis flowmeter measures mass flow directly, while the turbine flowmeter measures volumetric flow, which must be converted to mass flow for conventional performance analysis. The direct measurement of mass flow, using a Coriolis flowmeter, has many advantages in field testing of gas turbines, because it reduces the risk of errors resulting from the conversion process. Turbine flowmeters, on the other hand, have been regarded as an industry standard because they are compact, rugged, reliable, and relatively inexpensive. This paper describes the project objectives, the experimental installation, and the results of the comparison of the Coriolis and turbine-type flowmeters in steady-state performance testing. Discussed are variations between the two types of flowmeters due to fuel characteristics, fuel handling equipment, acoustic and vibration interference, and installation effects. Also included in this paper are estimations of measurement uncertainties for both types of flowmeter. Results indicate that the agreement between Coriolis and turbine-type flowmeters is good over the entire steady-state operating range of a typical gas turbine engine. In some cases the repeatability of the Coriolis flowmeter is better than the manufacturer’s specification. Even a significant variation in fuel density (10 percent), and viscosity (300 percent) did not appear to compromise the ability of the Coriolis flowmeter to match the performance of the turbine flowmeter.
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Arboleda Chavez, Carlos Emilio, Vasiliki Stratigaki, Minghao Wu, Peter Troch, Alexander Schendel, Mario Welzel, Raúl Villanueva, et al. "Large-Scale Experiments to Improve Monopile Scour Protection Design Adapted to Climate Change—The PROTEUS Project." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 6, 2019): 1709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091709.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to improve the design of scour protection around offshore wind turbine monopiles, as well as future-proofing them against the impacts of climate change. A series of large-scale experiments have been performed in the context of the European HYDRALAB-PLUS PROTEUS (Protection of offshore wind turbine monopiles against scouring) project in the Fast Flow Facility in HR Wallingford. These experiments make use of state of the art optical and acoustic measurement techniques to assess the damage of scour protections under the combined action of waves and currents. These novel PROTEUS tests focus on the study of the grading of the scour protection material as a stabilizing parameter, which has never been done under the combined action of waves and currents at a large scale. Scale effects are reduced and, thus, design risks are minimized. Moreover, the generated data will support the development of future scour protection designs and the validation of numerical models used by researchers worldwide. The testing program objectives are: (i) to compare the performance of single-layer wide-graded material used against scouring with current design practices; (ii) to verify the stability of the scour protection designs under extreme flow conditions; (iii) to provide a benchmark dataset for scour protection stability at large scale; and (iv) to investigate the scale effects on scour protection stability.
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Elhaddadi, Mounia, Samira Arji, Reginald Oscar Telemacque, Aroui Norelhoda, Mohamed Latifi, and Ahmed Omar Touhami Ahami. "THE EFFECTS OF USING VIDEO MODELING AND RECIPROCAL IMITATION ON DEVELOPING PLAYING SKILLS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER." Acta Neuropsychologica 20, no. 2 (May 15, 2022): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Play helps facilitate a child's development and learning, such as social, emotional, and cognitive skills. Delayed or abnormal development of play behaviors can inevitably influence the lifelong development of these skills. Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) cannot often understand and produce play actions. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of each of the two programs: video modeling and reciprocal imitation, in teaching children with ASD play skills. The sample consisted of 18 children with ASD aged 5 to 8 years old, and divided into two experimental groups: the first group included 9 children with ASD who received a reciprocal imitation program: their mean age is 6.2 years, standard deviation = 0.7, and their mean IQ ratio is 87.23 with a SD = of 5.6. The second group included 9 children with ASD who received a video modeling program: their mean age is 6.7 years, standard deviation = 0.9, and their mean IQ ratio is 89.10 with SD = of 6.1. The children in both groups belong to two private primary schools associated with this project in Kenitra, Morocco. The results showed that both methods improved play skills in these children with different levels of progress, according to age, autism level, and program type. There were statistically significant differences in the post-test in favor of the video modeling group. Visual stimuli are highly solicited by children with autism. The durability of the effect of training by both methods was verified by comparing the post-test scores and the follow-up measure. The follow-up measurement revealed no significant differences between post-test and follow-up for either group. In general, video modeling was more effective than reciprocal imitation in developing play skills. It was found that learning by modeling the behaviors of peers (reciprocal imitation) is one of the effective methods, in teaching and training of most children with ASD for many skills, however video modeling is more effective, because it is based on the regular teaching of measurable behavioral units, and each skill is reduced to small steps.
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Habib-Mourad, Carla, Lilian A. Ghandour, Carla Maliha, Michèle Dagher, Samer Kharroubi, and Nahla Hwalla. "Impact of a Three-Year Obesity Prevention Study on Healthy Behaviors and BMI among Lebanese Schoolchildren: Findings from Ajyal Salima Program." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (September 3, 2020): 2687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092687.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most school-based obesity prevention programs in low- to middle-income countries are of short duration, and few undertake follow-up analyses after the termination of the project. The aims of the current study are to investigate (1) the long-term effects of a school-based intervention program when implemented over two years on body mass index (BMI), healthy dietary behaviors, and physical activity (PA); and (2) whether the effects are sustained after one-year washout. The study is a cluster-randomized trial; 36 public and private schools were randomized into either intervention or control groups. Students (8–12 years) completed pre-and post-assessment anthropometric measurements and questionnaires about their eating and physical activity habits. Students in the intervention groups received the program components for two consecutive years. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of the intervention on BMI and healthy behaviors. Students in the intervention groups were less likely to be overweight at washout, only in public schools. The number of children reporting change in dietary behaviors significantly increased in intervention groups, with a sustained effect only in public schools. Policies aiming at securing a positive nutrition environment in schools, and adoption of nutrition programs, are needed for achieving sustained behavior and prompting BMI changes in children.
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Steenkiste, Job Van, Iris Verberk-jonkers, Jorie Versmissen, Daan Dohmen, and Sjaam Jainandunsing. "HOME BLOOD PRESSURE TELEMONITORING IN THE NETHERLANDS: A PILOT STUDY IN GENERAL PRACTICES." Journal of Hypertension 42, Suppl 1 (May 2024): e66-e67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0001019900.77910.c0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring (HBPT) has been proposed to improve blood pressure (BP) control, and efficient care delivery in patients with hypertension. Its adoption in GP practices however remains low. In this pilot study we evaluated barriers and facilitators for successful implementation, patient satisfaction, clinical effectiveness, and efficiency for a HBPT project in Dutch GP practices by means of the Quadruple Aim Model. Design and method: GP practices included patients with hypertension that were part of their regular cardiovascular disease program. The hospital would initially support the HBPT program followed by a period in which the GP practices were primarily responsible for the telemonitoring (figure 1, procedures A and B). We conducted semi-structured interviews at 3- and 6-months (figure 2) to identify barriers and facilitators for successful implementation. Patient satisfaction was measured with Telehealth Usability (TUQ) - and MHealth App Usability (MAUQ) Questionnaires. A Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) -protocol BP measurement was performed after the pilot project to assess clinical effectiveness. Efficiency data were collected on the number of registered consultations during the 6-month project. Results: Three GP practices included 19 patients. Barriers for implementation (table 1) were a lack of a reimbursement structure, lack of information technology system integration and increased experienced workload when using HBPT. Facilitators (table 1) included the positive effects on BP control, increased sense of safety for patient and care provider, and increased disease-insight. Median satisfaction scores for TUQ and MAUQ questionnaires (scale 1-7) were 6 (IQR 5-6) and 6 (IQR 5-7). At baseline, 16% of the patients had a BP <140/90 mmHg. Based on the performed SPRINT measurements, 68% had a well-controlled BP (<140/90 mmHg) after 6 months. Average BP improved from 151/89 mmHg to 132/81 mmHg (p=0.0004). On average, one monthly contact moment related to hypertension between patient and GP practice was registered. Conclusions: We found positive results following the introduction of HBPT in GP practices on clinical outcomes and patients’ satisfaction, however for large-scale implementation improvements with regards to organizational efficiency and a clear reimbursement structure are needed.
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Øvrevik, Johan, Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser, Pasi Jalava, Olli I. Sipopula, Otto Hänninen, Sebastiano Di Bucchianico, Thomas Adam, Andreas Hupfer, Uwe Etzien, and Ralf Zimmermann. "33 The Ultrhas Project: Ultrafine Particles from Transportation – Health Assessment of Sources." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 67, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): i88—i89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxac087.216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Current regulations of particulate matter (PM) based on ambient mass concentrations does not encompass source dependent variation in toxicity or the impact of high numbers of ultrafine PM (UFPs) which contribute little to total PM mass. UFPs may pose risks due to their small size and high number/surface area concentrations and propensity to penetrate tissue barriers and reach the circulation and secondary target organs. ULTRHAS (2021-2025) is a project funded under the EU’s Research and Innovation program Horizon 2020 (Grant Agreement No. 955390). The project will specifically address (i) the impact of different transport modes, fuel technologies and wear components, including atmospheric ageing processes, on the physicochemical characteristics of particulate and gaseous emissions; and how these processes and characteristics affects (ii) the biological responses leading to harmful effects in the lung and beyond by applying state-of-the-art emission measurement, exposure and toxicity-testing approaches under highly controlled laboratory conditions. ULTRHAS will (iii) rank the health hazards of different transport mode emissions and (iv) apply an advanced health impact assessment framework incorporating burden of disease methods to quantify baseline and policy scenario impacts for development and prioritization of mitigation measures; and (v) evaluate the future impact and acceptance of new policies on public health, taking into account social aspects. ULTRHAS aims to provide enhanced understanding of health threats posed by nanoparticles from different transport modes; optimize a framework for toxicity and hazard assessment of aerosols; provide guidance for prioritization of mitigation measures for future legislation on air pollutants.
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Moote, Julie K., Joanne M. Williams, and John Sproule. "When Students Take Control: Investigating the Impact of the CREST Inquiry-Based Learning Program on Self-Regulated Processes and Related Motivations in Young Science Students." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 12, no. 2 (2013): 178–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.12.2.178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The CREativity in Science and Technology (CREST) scheme, a student-run science project supported by the science, engineering, and technology network, is currently being implemented in schools across the United Kingdom to increase student engagement and motivation in science. The central aim of this research was to explore the influence of CREST participation on students’ self-regulated processes and related motivations. This study followed a quasi-experimental design with a control group (n = 34) and a “CREST” group (n = 39) of students between the ages of 11 and 12 years from a Scottish school. Because multiple measures were used, this study also provides a contribution to the literature regarding measurement issues relating to self-regulated learning (SRL) and motivation. Covariance analyses controlling for academic performance in science revealed significant effects for the intervention regarding changes in SRL, test anxiety, and career motivation in science. Delayed posttest results for the experimental group are also presented and discussed.
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Chen, Yingying, Deborah Ringdahl, Rachel Trelstad-Porter, and Olga V. Gurvich. "Feasibility of Implementing a Tai Chi Program in an Assisted Living Facility: Reducing Fall Risks and Improving Quality of Life." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10061277.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One in four American older adults fall every year, resulting in injuries, death, and significant financial burden. Although fall etiology is multifactorial, the medical problems and aging factors that lead to unsteady gait and imbalance represent one of the major fall risks among older adults. A growing number of research studies support the health benefits of regular Tai Chi (TC) practice including improved physical, cognitive, and psychological function. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to assess the feasibility of establishing a 12-week (45 min per session) Tai Chi (TC) program (Sun Style Tai Chi) in a 75 bed assisted living facility as well as to evaluate the potential of the TC program to improve the fear of falling and functional mobility (as proxy for fall risk) and quality of life (QoL). A nurse who was a certified TC instructor taught the program. Twenty-three participants, 96% female and 96% white, mean (SD) age 83 (±7) years, attended one or more TC classes. Class attendance, self-reported questionnaires (e.g., fear of falling, QoL), and objective measure Timed Up and Go (TUG) were used to collect data. Nine participants (39%) completed 9 out of 12 sessions. Eleven participants (48%) completed both pre- and post-intervention measurements and twelve (52%) provided feedback on a post-intervention satisfaction survey. Participants showed 20% improvement in fear of falling (mean relative change) and 21% decrease (mean relative change) in TUG test (p = 0.001) with no clinically important changes in QoL. This quality improvement project suggested that TC is a feasible exercise that might have the potential to reduce risk of falls in older adults, and the program was well accepted with no serious or other adverse events reported. Further research studies are needed to examine the potential effects of TC programs with an appropriately powered RCT and longer intervention period.
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Lee, Eul-Bum, Hojung Lee, and Massod Akbarian. "Accelerated Pavement Rehabilitation and Reconstruction with Long-Life Asphalt Concrete on High-Traffic Urban Highways." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1905, no. 1 (January 2005): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190500106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rehabilitation of urban highways is a critical issue confronting the California Department of Transportation because the state has a significant inventory of overaged, heavily trafficked urban highways showing extensive signs of distress. This paper presents the innovative pavement rehabilitation technologies and techniques that the agency applied in the first asphalt concrete (AC) project for its Long-Life Pavement Rehabilitation Strategies (LLPRS) program. A 4.4-km stretch of deteriorated concrete pavement on I-710 in Long Beach was rehabilitated successfully with 230 mm of AC overlay or 325 mm of full-depth AC replacement during eight 55-h weekend closures. The pilot project proved that the accelerated (fast-track) rehabilitation with 55-h weekend closures is a viable option that can drastically shorten the overall construction time and lessen the negative effects of construction in an urban area. The project also proved that AC pavement designed to provide a design life of 30-plus years can be constructed in a series of weekend closures even on the most heavily loaded truck route in the state. The construction-monitoring study indicated that contractor productivities were noticeably improved (through the learning effect) as weekend closures were repeated. In addition, the pay factor clause in the contract effectively encouraged the contractor's awareness of quality. The traffic measurements study showed that traffic operated at free-flow speeds throughout the surrounding highways and arterial roads during the construction weekends. It is expected that the construction and traffic management techniques adopted in this project will be used in LLPRS projects on California urban highways with high-traffic volumes.
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Alba-Baena, Noe, Thomas Pabel, Natalia Villa-Sierra, and Dmitry G. Eskin. "Effect of Ultrasonic Melt Treatment on Degassing and Structure of Aluminium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 765 (July 2013): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.765.271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ultrasonic processing is known to be an efficient means of aluminium melt degassing and structure modification with additional benefits of being economical and environment friendly. This paper reports on the kinetics of ultrasonic degassing effect of foundry alloys. Direct measurements of hydrogen concentration in the melt by Foseco Alspek-H probe are used along with the reduced-pressure test. The effects of ultrasonic processing on structure, i.e. grain size and porosity, are studied using metallography and 3D X-ray tomography. This work is performed within the Ultragassing project funded by the European Union’s 7th Framework Program.
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Sy, Ibrahima, Ansoumana Bodian, Mamadou Abdoulaye Konté, Lamine Diop, Papa Malick Ndiaye, Sokhna Thiam, and Joseph Mouanda. "Impact of regional water supply, sanitation et hygiene (WASH) program in Senegal on rural livelihoods and sustainable development." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 12, no. 1 (November 5, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In 2006, Senegal benefited from the African Development Bank's (AfDB) Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Initiative (RWSSI) a WASH sub-program for 17,100 households in rural areas in the regions of Louga, Ziguinchor and Kolda. A project results assessment was conducted in 2016 by the AfDB Independent Development Evaluation (IDEV) to measure the sub-program impacts on the living conditions of the communities. This approach allowed the measurement of project impacts based on comparative pre-and post-intervention data, as well as beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries' groups considering collected quantitative data (963 households, 38 schools, 23 health centres and 46 GPS points of infrastructures) and qualitative data (31 individual interviews and 4 focus group discussions). Several analyses (descriptive statistics, correlative analysis, effects and impact analysis with Average Treatment Effect (ATE) and cartographic treatment) were carried out to determine the project's results indicators as well as their overall effects. The results show an access rate of 73% for drinking water among beneficiaries against 6% among non-beneficiaries, and an access rate of 72% for sanitation (improved latrine) in the treatment areas against 33.7% in the control areas. In sub-program focus areas, an increase in the quantity of water used per household by 157 liters, a reduction in water price by 0.072 USD and reduction in time taken to supply drinking water of 65 minutes were observed. Also, it was noted a reduction in arduousness of carrying water by 2 km from the supply point, an increase in the schooling rate of children, especially girls, in income-generating activities, a decrease in the number of sick people avoided by 2 persons and increase in medical treatment avoided were noted. The progress made by the project's achievements demonstrate that improvement in water access, sanitation and hygiene access is one of the main drivers and levers of change and transformation of the households' living conditions in rural areas, often explaining the priority given to this area of intervention within the implementation of the MDGs and SDGs. HIGHLIGHTS Increase of water and sanitation level access in rural areas. Links between WASH and improved living conditions of communities. Water and sanitation are major issues for communities' sustainable development. Water and sanitation are main determinants for reducing poverty incidence, improving well-being and health and community development.
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Manzella, G. M. R., F. Reseghetti, G. Coppini, M. Borghini, A. Crusado, C. Galli, I. Gertman, et al. "The improvements of the Ships Of Opportunity Program in MFSTEP." Ocean Science Discussions 3, no. 5 (October 18, 2006): 1717–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-3-1717-2006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The Ships Of Opportunity Program in the Mediterranean Sea was established at the end of 1999, in the framework of the Mediterranean Forecasting System – Pilot Project (MFS-PP). Many improvements have been made in data collection, transmission and management. Calibration of selected XBTs and a comparison of XBTs vs. CTDs during some research cruises have assured the quality of the data. Transmission now allows receiving data in full resolution by using GSM or satellite telecommunication services; management is offering access to high quality data and view services. The effects of technological and methodological improvements in the observing system are assessed in terms of capability to represent the most important circulation features. The improved methodologies have been tested during the Mediterranean Forecasting System – Toward Environmental Prediction (MFS-TEP) – Targeted Operational Period (MFS-TOP), lasting from September 2004 to February 2005. In spite of the short period of measurements, several important aspects of the Mediterranean Sea circulation have been verified, such as eddies and gyres in the various sub-basins, and dense water formation processes in some of them (vertical homogeneous profiles of about 13°C down to ~800 m in the Provencal, and of about 14.9°C down to ~300 m in the Levantine have allowed defining an index of dense water formation).
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Vértesy, Gábor, Madalina Rabung, Antal Gasparics, Inge Uytdenhouwen, James Griffin, Daniel Algernon, Sonja Grönroos, and Jari Rinta-Aho. "Evaluation of the Embrittlement in Reactor Pressure-Vessel Steels Using a Hybrid Nondestructive Electromagnetic Testing and Evaluation Approach." Materials 17, no. 5 (February 28, 2024): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17051106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The nondestructive determination of the neutron-irradiation-induced embrittlement of nuclear reactor pressure-vessel steel is a very important and recent problem. Within the scope of the so-called NOMAD project funded by the Euratom research and training program, novel nondestructive electromagnetic testing and evaluation (NDE) methods were applied to the inspection of irradiated reactor pressure-vessel steel. In this review, the most important results of this project are summarized. Different methods were used and compared with each other. The measurement results were compared with the destructively determined ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) values. Three magnetic methods, 3MA (micromagnetic, multiparameter, microstructure and stress analysis), MAT (magnetic adaptive testing), and Barkhausen noise technique (MBN), were found to be the most promising techniques. The results of these methods were in good agreement with each other. A good correlation was found between the magnetic parameters and the DBTT values. The basic idea of the NOMAD project is to use a multi-method/multi-parameter approach and to focus on the synergies that allow us to recognize the side effects, therefore suppressing them at the same time. Different types of machine-learning (ML) algorithms were tested in a competitive manner, and their performances were evaluated. The important outcome of the ML technique is that not only one but several different ML techniques could reach the required precision and reliability, i.e., keeping the DBTT prediction error lower than a ±25 °C threshold, which was previously not possible for any of the NDE methods as single entities. A calibration/training procedure was carried out on the merged outcome of the testing methods with excellent results to predict the transition temperature, yield strength, and mechanical hardness for all investigated materials. Our results, achieved within the NOMAD project, can be useful for the future potential introduction of this (and, in general, any) nondestructive evolution method.
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Katruska, Alan, Albeliz Santiago-Colón, and Kristen Iker. "406 Living Review of World Trade Center Health Effects." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 7, s1 (April 2023): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2023.440.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The goal of this project is to develop a strategy to collect and extract published evidence in real time and to house and model these data for efficient downstream application to Program activities such as targeted reviews, grant evaluation and partner engagement. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We created the World Trade Center Health Effects Library in 2016. Today, this living review is ongoing and is fueled by daily systematic searches of online publication databases. Each day we screen new references for health effects of 9/11. The publication must include measurements, reports, or discussion of 9/11 health effects. If a publication meets these criteria, it is categorized by outcome and funding category. Primary outcome category data, reference metadata, and funding data are then made immediately available for programmatic analysis. All reference data are entered into a data pipeline and modelled for targeted reviews. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The WTC Health Effects Library curates 1932 references and adds an average of 60 new references each year on a wide range of study populations, exposures, and conditions. The completeness of the library has been verified by comprehensive literature searches for 9/11 health outcomes conducted externally and by CDC Library staff. As a result, the curated library is a proven alternative to a lengthy literature search and allows the Program and stakeholders to explore the data and engage immediately in targeted reviews on curated topics. The data that are collected in the screening and categorization process are merged with publication metadata and funding data to inform a data pipeline that supports outputs such as interactive visuals, charts, reports, and curated bibliographies for structured review. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This living review allows the Program to rapidly conduct focused reviews, to evaluate grants, and to communicate accurate data to partners. By using the curated data, we have reduced the time required to perform mandated evidence reviews by weeks, have conducted two structured reviews, and defined gaps in research maturity and health equity.
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Manzella, G. M. R., F. Reseghetti, G. Coppini, M. Borghini, A. Cruzado, C. Galli, I. Gertman, et al. "The improvements of the ships of opportunity program in MFS-TEP." Ocean Science 3, no. 2 (May 23, 2007): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-3-245-2007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The Ships Of Opportunity Program in the Mediterranean Sea was established at the end of 1999, in the framework of the Mediterranean Forecasting System – Pilot Project (MFS-PP). Many improvements have been made in data collection, transmission and management. Calibration of selected XBTs and a comparison of XBTs vs. CTDs during some research cruises have assured the quality of the data. Transmission now allows receiving data in full resolution by using GSM or satellite telecommunication services; management is offering access to high quality data and view services. The effects of technological and methodological improvements in the observing system are assessed in terms of capability to represent the most important circulation features. The improved methodologies have been tested during the Mediterranean Forecasting System – Toward Environmental Prediction (MFS-TEP) – Targeted Operational Period (MFS-TOP), lasting from September 2004 to February 2005. In spite of the short period of measurements, several important aspects of the Mediterranean Sea circulation have been verified, such as eddies and gyres in the various sub-basins, and dense water formation processes in some of them (vertical homogeneous profiles of about 13°C down to ~800 m in the Provençal, and of about 14.9°C down to ~300 m in the Levantine have allowed defining an index of dense water formation).
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Kadykova, Iryna, Yurii Ovsiuchenko, and Igor Chumachenkо. "METHOD OF STAKEHOLDERS’ IDENTIFICATION BASED ON THEIR VIEWS IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL PROGRAMS." Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Strategic management, portfolio, program and project management, no. 2(6) (August 3, 2022): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-3000.2022.6.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There has been proposed the method of stakeholders’ identification in strategic management of social programs. It is designed to recognize and assess the strength of causal relationships of failure of social projects and programs. The method is based on the differentiation of stakeholders by their ideas, which is revealed in the example of inclusive educational projects. The concept of stakeholder priority number has been introduced. The matrix "risk priority number" / "stakeholder priority number" is offered. We have developed the method of stakeholders’ identification based on their views in the strategic management of social programs, which consists of 7 Steps. Step 1: development of a questionnaire for the cause-and-effect relationships of the failure of inclusive educational projects according to the imagination of stakeholders of different groups. Step 2: survey of respondents with differentiation by stakeholder priority number and three groups of stakeholders: the state as a system of institutions; citizens with disabilities or their legal representatives; neurotypical visitors to institutions or their legal representatives. Step 3: investigation of stakeholders' perceptions of the cause-and-effect relationships of failure of inclusive projects according to the 6M method (Lan, Machines, Materials, Methods, Measurements, Mother-nature). Step 4: charting of Isikawa diagrams. Step 5: quantification of the strength of the identified relationships according to the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis method based on the results of a survey of respondents using the method of calculating the priority number of risk of failure mode. Step 6: ranking of the reasons for failure modes according to the "risk priority number" / "stakeholder priority number" matrix. Step 7: development of conclusions and recommendations. The analysis of the results of the poll with the identification of causal links will identify areas of disparity in the views of various stakeholders on the reasons for the failure of inclusive educational projects. Quantifying them makes it possible to identify the most important aspects that need to be addressed as a matter of priority on the part of project and program managers.
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Lee, Jiwoo, Jayne A. Fulkerson, Lisa J. Harnack, and Weihua Guan. "66534 Evaluation plans for a summer child nutrition assistance program to better understand translation of policy to community health." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.746.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT IMPACT: Study findings can guide improvements of the Summer Food Service Program to maximize the program’s desired effects on child summer nutrition and related health outcomes. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) addresses food insecurity during summer months. Project specific aims are to: 1. Describe characteristics of children participating in the SFSP. 2. Determine the nutritional quality of the SFSP foods. 3. Evaluate changes in children’s food insecurity, diet quality, and body mass index by SFSP participation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A single group, prospective, staggered cohort design will be used for the proposed study. Two cohorts of 30 (N=60) elementary students and their parents will be recruited during the 2021-22 and 2022-23 school year. Each participant will complete a measurement session at three time-points: Baseline (spring), Post-Program (program end), and Follow-Up (following spring). Parents will complete an online survey about household food insecurity and family socio-demographic characteristics. Children will complete three 24-hour dietary recall interviews, and their heights, weight and percent body fat will be measured. The menus of at least ten SFSP sites will be analyzed to determine the nutritional adequacy of the site menus by using the Healthy Eating Index-2015. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Study hypotheses are as followed: Aim 1. Not all of the children participating in the SFSP are from food-insecure or low-income households. Aim 2. Meals served at the SFSP will be higher in sugar and fat and lower in fruits and vegetables compared to recommendations in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Additionally, the Healthy Eating Index-2015 score of the SFSP menus will be lower than that of the National School Lunch Program menus. Aim 3. Consistent SFSP participation will have a positive effect on reducing food insecurity, but not on increasing diet quality and reducing body mass index and percent body fat in children. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Program user information will determine if the program is reaching the target audience. Program managers will utilize menu analysis results to improve their menu nutritional quality. Changes in food insecurity, diet quality and anthropometric measures will inform whether the program needs to be improved to prevent any untoward excess weight gain.
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López-Gil, José Francisco, Antonio García-Hermoso, Lee Smith, Alejandra Gallego, Desirée Victoria-Montesinos, Yasmin Ezzatvar, Maria S. Hershey, et al. "A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of the Archena Infancia Saludable Project on 24-h Movement Behaviors and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Schoolchildren: A Protocol Study." Children 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2023): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10040738.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: The objective of this paper is to describe the protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) that will evaluate the effects of a lifestyle-based intervention. The Archena Infancia Saludable project will have several objectives. The primary objective of this project is to determine the 6-month effects of a lifestyle-based intervention on adherence to 24-h movement behaviors and Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in schoolchildren. The secondary objective of this project is to test the intervention effects of this lifestyle-based intervention on a relevant set of health-related outcomes (i.e., anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, perceived physical fitness, sleep habits, and academic performance). The tertiary objective is to investigate this intervention’s “halo” effect on parents’/guardians’ 24-h movement behaviors and adherence to the MedDiet. Methods: The Archena Infancia Saludable trial will be a cluster RCT submitted to the Clinical Trials Registry. The protocol will be developed according to SPIRIT guidelines for RCTs and CONSORT statement extension for cluster RCTs. A total of 153 eligible parents/guardians with schoolchildren aged 6–13 years will be randomized into an intervention group or a control group. This project focuses on two fundamental pillars: 24-h movement behaviors and MedDiet. It will mainly focus on the relationship between parents/guardians and their children. Behavior change strategies for dietary and 24-h movement behaviors in schoolchildren will be based on healthy lifestyle education for parents/guardians through infographics, video recipes, brief video clips, and videos. Conclusions: Most of the current knowledge on 24-h movement behaviors and adherence to the MedDiet is based on cross-sectional or longitudinal cohort studies, warranting a need to design and conduct RCTs to obtain more robust evidence on the effect of a healthy lifestyle program to increase 24-h movement behaviors and to improve adherence to the MedDiet in schoolchildren.
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Wegert, Robert, Vinzenz Guski, Hans-Christian Möhring, and Siegfried Schmauder. "Temperature monitoring in the subsurface during single lip deep hole drilling." tm - Technisches Messen 87, no. 12 (November 18, 2020): 757–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2020-0055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe surface quality and the subsurface properties such as hardness, residual stresses and grain size of a drill hole are dependent on the cutting parameters of the single lip deep hole drilling process and therefore on the thermomechanical as-is state in the cutting zone and in the contact zone between the guide pads and the drill hole surface. In this contribution, the main objectives are the in-process measurement of the thermal as-is state in the subsurface of a drilling hole by means of thermocouples as well as the feed force and drilling torque evaluation. FE simulation results to verify the investigations and to predict the thermomechanical conditions in the cutting zone are presented as well. The work is part of an interdisciplinary research project in the framework of the priority program “Surface Conditioning in Machining Processes” (SPP 2086) of the German Research Foundation (DFG).This contribution provides an overview of the effects of cutting parameters, cooling lubrication and including wear on the thermal conditions in the subsurface and mechanical loads during this machining process. At first, a test set up for the in-process temperature measurement will be presented with the execution as well as the analysis of the resulting temperature, feed force and drilling torque during drilling a 42CrMo4 steel. Furthermore, the results of process simulations and the validation of this applied FE approach with measured quantities are presented.
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Pallotti, Gabriele, and Claudia Borghetti. "The effects on monolingual and multilingual pupils of an experimental approach to writing instruction in Italian primary schools." EuroAmerican Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages 6, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21283/2376905x.10.162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article reports on the results of an action-research project in Italian primary schools. Its main principles are formative evaluation, a process orientation to writing, cooperative learning, and an inclusive approach that does not separate pupils according to their linguistic or writing skills. Pupils aged eight to eleven years old participated in the study in seven experimental (N = 106) and seven control classes (N = 118). Their texts were examined both holistically, through scales of communicative effectiveness, and by means of analytical measurements. The comparison of monolingual and multilingual pupils in both experimental and control classes shows a number of similarities in terms of textual competence, as well as a few differences, especially regarding the more linguistic aspects of writing, such as verb tense cohesion. A remarkable result is that students’ text quality seems to depend more on their participation to the program than on their monolingual or multilingual status.
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Kim, Sage, Lawrence J. Ouellet, Jessica Mazza, and Anne C. Spaulding. "Rasch Analysis and Differential Item Functioning of a Social Support Measure in Jail Inmates With HIV Infection." Evaluation & the Health Professions 40, no. 1 (July 7, 2016): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163278716644954.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The protective effects of social support on health have been documented in a variety of groups. For HIV-infected persons released from correctional settings, strong social support may be particularly important for obtaining effective postrelease medical treatment and supportive services. Researchers and program evaluators seeking to improve access and adherence to postrelease HIV medical care in this population need accurate measures for the level and type of social support, but current measures have not been fully validated for incarcerated individuals with HIV infection. We used the Rasch model to test the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) social support survey. Data for the analysis were collected as part of the EnhanceLink project in the five urban jails where the MOS was administered. Findings indicate that the MOS survey items may not capture the entire variability of person abilities. Respondents showed problems in discriminating among response options, indicating potential systematic bias. In addition, while there was no significant gender difference, overall levels of social support differed by gender. Further research is warranted to develop more effective social support measurement tools that can better guide interventions for persons transitioning from jail and prison to the community.
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Romero-Castillo, Rocío, Manuel Pabón-Carrasco, Nerea Jiménez-Picón, and José Antonio Ponce-Blandón. "Effects of Nursing Diabetes Self-Management Education on Glycemic Control and Self-Care in Type 1 Diabetes: Study Protocol." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 5079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
(1) Background: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease that creates a high demand and responsibility for patient self-care. Patient education, self-care training and the management of derived complications are great challenges for nurses. The objective of this project is to evaluate the efficacy of a therapeutic education program for type 1 diabetes. (2) Methods: Participants recruited to the study will be adult patients with diagnosed type 1 diabetes attending the clinic at the study site. A nurse diabetes educator will deliver a four-session education program. A two-group randomized controlled trial will be used in this study, with an intervention group and a control group. The subjects included in the experimental group will attend some health education sessions, while control group participants will receive the existing standard care provided by the endocrinology and nutrition unit of the hospital. Measurements and evaluations will be conducted at the baseline prior to the intervention and at 1 and 3 months from the intervention. (3) Conclusions: The primary outcome is improving patients’ knowledge about diet and treatment management. Secondary outcomes are improving patients’ glycemic control and mood. The findings from this study will help to determine the effect of diabetes education about self-care and treatment in patients with diabetes, as well as helping to decrease short-term and long-term complications and reduce health care costs.
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Fearn, Nicola Rachel, Farid Meybodi, Sharon Kilbreath, Elizabeth Dylke, Catalina Llanos, and Kirsty Stuart. "Abstract P3-18-15: Reliability and measurement error of breast volume calculation using 3D surface imagery." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): P3–18–15—P3–18–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p3-18-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Introduction Breast volume measurement is important for oncoplastic surgery planning and measuring outcomes and side effects of both surgery and radiotherapy, including breast lymphedema. However, accurate breast volume quantification is difficult due to the shape of the breast and isolation of the breast border. Numerous techniques to quantify breast volume exist, but none have been established as a gold standard outcome measure. Three-dimensional (3D) surface imagery using VECTRA-XT can measure breast volume quickly and non-invasively. However, as measurement properties associated with quantification of breast volume using VECTRA-XT have yet to be fully determined, including extent of reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable change (SDC), the aim of this study is to determine these properties.Method A reliability study using retrospective VECTRA®-XT 3D surface images taken during clinical practice was conducted. Images from 51 women (101 breasts) before or after breast conserving surgery for breast cancer were retrieved for analysis. The breast images were taken pre-operatively in 70% of cases and following wide local excision in the remaining 30% of cases. Radiotherapy had also been performed in 20% of cases. Women were excluded if they had breast implants or mastectomy, had a breast ptosis grade of 3 (nipple was below the inferior mammary fold and close or below the lowest breast contour) or if the inferior mammary fold could not be visualised from any view of the 3D image. Three assessors trained using a standardised technique to use two software analysis programs, Vectra® 3D Analysis Module (VAM) and Breast Sculptor® software, completed the measurements. One assessor completed breast volume calculations twice (intra-rater reliability) and the remaining two assessors completed calculations once (inter-rater reliability). Results Mean breast volume for the population was 493.7cc (95%CI=469.4-517.9, range=135-1161cc) when measured by VAM and 488.7cc (95%CI= 461.2-516.2, range=104-1596cc) when measured by Breast Sculptor®. The difference in breast volume assessed using paired t-test was not statistically significant (p=0.491). Measurement of breast volume using VAM had excellent intra and inter-rater reliability with a SEM of less than 5.0% for a single rater and less than 9.0% for multiple raters. In comparison, Breast Sculptor® had excellent intra-rater reliability and substantial inter-rater reliability but the SEM was 14.3% and 20.5% for intra and inter-raters respectively (Table 1). A single rater using VAM software had the lowest SDC value indicating a change in breast volume exceeding 58.6cc would be a meaningful change in breast volume beyond measurement error. Conclusion The reliability for the assessment of breast volume using VECTRA-XT 3D surface imagery was high when a standardised approach was used. However, the SDC, i.e. the amount of change beyond error of measurement, varied depending on which program was used and whether one or more than one rater assessed the volume. A single assessor using VAM software should be considered as the ideal in. evaluation of changes in breast volume secondary to edema, as the SDC is likely too large to detect changes using the other approaches. The project was funded by a Betty Schofield and Joyce Anderson Bequest Grant. Table 1.Reliability, standard error of measurement and smallest detectable changeICC (95% CI)Standard error of measurement (cc)Standard error of measurement %Smallest detectable change (cc)VAM Inter-rater reliability0.961 (0.943-0.973)42.78.7118.4VAM Intra-rater reliability0.990 (0.986-0.993)21.14.258.6Breast Sculptor® Inter-rater reliability0.837 (0.785-0.880)100.220.5277.7Breast Sculptor® Intra-rater reliability0.915 (0.876-0.942)74.014.3205.2 Citation Format: Nicola Rachel Fearn, Farid Meybodi, Sharon Kilbreath, Elizabeth Dylke, Catalina Llanos, Kirsty Stuart. Reliability and measurement error of breast volume calculation using 3D surface imagery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-18-15.
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Hunt, P. D., and J. M. Bunker. "Study of Site-Specific Roughness Progression for a Bitumen-Sealed Unbound Granular Pavement Network." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-40.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pavement management systems assist engineers in the analysis of road network pavement condition data and subsequently provide input to the planning and prioritization of road infrastructure works programs. The data also provide input to a variety of engineering and economic analyses that assist in determining the future road network condition for a range of infrastructure-funding scenarios. The fundamental calculation of future pavement condition is commonly based on a pavement age versus pavement roughness relationship. However, roughness–age relationships commonly do not take into account the pavement’s historical performance; rather, an “average” rate of roughness progression is assigned to each pavement based on its current age or current roughness measurement. Results of a research project are documented; the project involved a comprehensive evaluation of pavement performance by examining roughness progression over time with other related variables. A method of calculating and effectively displaying roughness progression and the effects of pavement maintenance was developed. The method provides a better understanding of pavement performance, which in turn led to a methodology of calculating and reporting road network performance for application to the pavement design and delivery system in Queensland, Australia. Means of using this information to improve the accuracy of roughness progression prediction were also investigated.
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Velychko, Oleksandr, Svitlana Khalatur, Nataliia Bondarchuk, and Mariia Bahorka. "Self-regulation system of continual improvement of quality and efficiency in higher education: A case of Ukraine." Knowledge and Performance Management 6, no. 1 (August 5, 2022): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/kpm.06(1).2022.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays, the procedures for stimulating the improvement of the quality of higher education in Ukraine are mainly based on periodic expert evaluations. Besides, existing metrics of university efficiency are usually imperfect due to the frequent negative effects of Campbell’s Law and Goodhart’s Law. In addition, the war significantly limited resources for external quality assurance of educational programs. Given this, the aim of this paper was to develop a methodology for an additional self-regulation system of continual improvement of the quality and efficiency of educational activities of Ukrainian universities. The study is based on the advantages of the quantitative approach, measurement methods, and algorithmization in the management system of higher education. As a result, key indicators for the formation of national rankings have been developed by different segments. Moreover, the study elaborated algorithms and mechanisms to constantly encourage higher education institutions to improve quality and efficiency. The paper proposes preventive procedures to reduce the negative effects of unfair achievement of key performance indicators. The result of applying the methodology is additionally acquired or partially lost by the university the volume of license rights for the training of specialists in the current year. This will help curb the process of mass education with a low level of quality. In addition, the proposed system will balance the weaknesses of the accreditation expertise procedure, as well as actively stimulate the independent striving of each educational program for sustainable development and continual progress. Acknowledgment To the Armed Forces of Ukraine (https://www.mil.gov.ua/) and the democratic world (https://bit.ly/3BLtuem) for the protection of the future of the Ukrainian State and its people. To the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance for the possibility to take part in accreditation expertise and consulting evaluation of educational programs in universities of Ukraine (https://en.naqa.gov.ua/). Also, the appearance of this alternative idea was facilitated by the declared goal of the World Bank project “Ukraine Improving Higher Education for Results” (ID P171050), namely: to improve the efficiency, conditions for quality, and transparency in Ukraine’s higher education system (https://bit.ly/3vpx2iM). &nbsp;
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Yao, Tandong, Fuyuan Wu, Lin Ding, Jimin Sun, Liping Zhu, Shilong Piao, Tao Deng, Xijun Ni, Hongbo Zheng, and Hua Ouyang. "Multispherical interactions and their effects on the Tibetan Plateau's earth system: a review of the recent researches." National Science Review 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 468–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwv070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a regional Earth system showing very strong interactions among its lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and anthrosphere. These interactions manifest TP's impact on surrounding regions and reflect TP's response to the global change. Quantifying the multispherical interactions is critically important to understand the TP environment. Our recent years researches including the ongoing program entitled ‘Tibetan Multi-Spheres Interactions and Their Resource-Environment Significance (TIMI)’, the completed program entitled. ‘Paleo-Altitudes of Tibetan Plateau and Environment (PATE)’, as well as the other relating projects have focused on multidisciplinary research approaches and emphasized on three major pathways: Eurasia-Indian plates collision on deep-Earth dynamics, uplift impact on Earth's mantle–crust dynamics, and contemporary interface on land surface and atmospheric dynamics. Our researches have taken in situ measurement as priority and developed several platforms of data acquisition and analysis, including the platforms of water-phase transformations, and ecosystem observations. Our field investigations have been conducted to obtain data about stratum, paleontology, paleoenvironment, genetic differentiation of animals and plants. We have developed conceptual and mathematical models for crust uplift formation, paleoclimate, glacial melt, water–air interface flux, vegetation climate, and soil erosion. We have also assessed the anthropogenic impacts on environment. Our researches have achieved new and reliable redating of the mantle–crust interaction and initial formation of the TP, found the interaction between tectonics and uplift of the TP and resultant paleoaltitude acting as a spreading source; discovered the interaction between the westerlies and Indian monsoon acting as a control chain that dominates the TP's contemporary environment. The scientific results can play fundamental roles in supporting the TP's resource exploration and societal sustainable development.
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Schneider, Ann Christin, Lisa Hillebrecht, Julia Schmid, Christina Schindera, Eva Katharina Brack, and Valentin Benzing. "«KiKli Fit» – The effects of a specifically designed physical activity program on cognitive and motor performance in children with cancer: A multicenter crossover trial." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 9, no. 2 (February 6, 2024): 017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction Children with cancer are at an increased risk for various physical and cognitive challenges due to their illness and its treatment. A concerning observation is that young cancer patients often lead sedentary or even lying lifestyles, clearly failing to meet the WHO’s recommendation of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) daily. This is alarming considering that PA is essential for physical and mental health, e.g., for the development of motor skills and cognitive functions (Bull et al., 2020). However, PA promotion in acute care in Swiss pediatric oncology units is hardly existent. Therefore, the aim of this project is to develop and conduct a physical activity program in a pediatric oncology unit and investigate its effects on cognitive and motor performance. Methods Part A of this project involved a qualitative study conducted at the Inselspital Bern’s pediatric oncology unit, aiming to design a tailored PA therapy program. This part included patient interviews and staff surveys. Part B, which is ongoing, focuses on a forthcoming two-arm multicenter crossover-controlled trial. This trial will compare the exercise therapy and PA counseling (intervention group in Bern, n = 40) with standard treatment (control group in Basel, n = 40). Participants will be aged 6-18 years, newly diagnosed with cancer and undergoing cytotoxictreatment for at least six weeks. The 12-week program will consist of thrice-weekly, 45-minute sessions of individualized exercise, aligned with the SK2-guidelines, NAOK, and international Pediatric Oncology Exercise Guidelines (Götte et al., 2022; Wurz et al., 2021). The sessions will focus on motor skills and cognitively challenging PA. In addition, children will receive 4 exercise counseling sessions. To evaluate the study, there will be three measurement points (once at admission, after twelve weeks of intervention and one follow-up after six months). The outcome measures include motor and cognitive performance, physiological and psychosocial functioning. Results Initial findings from the qualitative study indicate a strong patient and staff interest in exercise therapy. The study also provided valuable insights for developing and implementing the intervention. Discussion/conclusion The results will reveal important insights relevant to research and practice. Adopting a research perspective, the results will shed light on the effects of PA on cognitive performance in acute cancer care. Adopting a more applied perspective, PA has been neglected in Swiss pediatric oncology units so far. Therefore, this study may contribute to proof the effectiveness of PA for childhood cancer patients and thus help implementing it in standard care in the long term. References Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J.-P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., DiPietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lambert, E., Leitzmann, M., … & Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451-1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955 Götte, M., Gauß, G., Dirksen, U., Driever, P. H., Basu, O., Baumann, F. T., Wiskemann, J., Boos, J., & Kesting, S. V. (2022). Multidisciplinary Network ActiveOncoKids guidelines for providing movement and exercise in pediatric oncology: Consensus-based recommendations. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 69(11), Article e29953. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.29953 Wurz, A., McLaughlin, E., Lategan, C., Chamorro Viña, C., Grimshaw, S. L., Hamari, L., Götte, M., Kesting, S., Rossi, F., van der Torre, P., Guilcher, G. M. T., McIntyre, K., & Culos-Reed, S. N. (2021). The international Pediatric Oncology Exercise Guidelines (iPOEG). Translational Behavioral Medicine, 11(10), 1915-1922. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibab028
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Ali, Kisha Jezel, Donna O. Farley, Kathleen Speck, Mary Catanzaro, Karol G. Wicker, and Sean M. Berenholtz. "Measurement of Implementation Components and Contextual Factors in a Two-State Healthcare Quality Initiative to Reduce Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 35, S3 (October 2014): S116—S123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/677832.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective.To develop and field test an implementation assessment tool for assessing progress of hospital units in implementing improvements for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in a two-state collaborative, including data on actions implemented by participating teams and contextual factors that may influence their efforts. Using the data collected, learn how implementation actions can be improved and analyze effects of implementation progress on outcome measures.Design.We developed the tool as an interview protocol that included quantitative and qualitative items addressing actions on the Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program (CUSP) and clinical interventions for use in guiding data collection via telephone interviews.Setting.We conducted interviews with leaders of improvement teams from units participating in the two-state VAP prevention initiative.Methods.We collected data from 43 hospital units as they implemented actions for the VAP initiative and performed descriptive analyzes of the data with comparisons across the 2 states.Results.Early in the VAP prevention initiative, most units had made only moderate progress overall in using many of the CUSP actions known to support their improvement processes. For contextual factors, a relatively small number of barriers were found to have important negative effects on implementation progress (in particular, barriers related to workload and time issues). We modified coaching provided to the unit teams to reinforce training in weak spots that the interviews identified.Conclusion.These assessments provided important new knowledge regarding the implementation science of quality improvement projects, including feedback during implementation, and give a better understanding of which factors most affect implementation.
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Pelletier, Jean-François, Larry Davidson, Charles-Édouard Giguère, Nicolas Franck, Jonathan Bordet, and Michael Rowe. "Convergent and Concurrent Validity between Clinical Recovery and Personal-Civic Recovery in Mental Health." Journal of Personalized Medicine 10, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040163.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several instruments have been developed by clinicians and academics to assess clinical recovery. Based on their life narratives, measurement tools have also been developed and validated through participatory research programs by persons living with mental health problems or illnesses to assess personal recovery. The main objective of this project is to explore possible correlations between clinical recovery, personal recovery, and citizenship by using patient-reported outcome measures. All study participants are currently being treated and monitored after having been diagnosed either with (a) psychotic disorders or (b) anxiety and mood disorders. They have completed questionnaires for clinical evaluation purposes (clinical recovery) will further complete the Recovery Assessment Scale and Citizenship Measure (personal-civic recovery composite index). Descriptive and statistical analyses will be performed to determine internal consistency for each of the subscales, and assess convergent-concurrent validity between clinical recovery, citizenship and personal recovery. Recovery-oriented mental health care and services are particularly recognizable by the presence of Peer Support Workers, who are persons with lived experience of recovery. Upon training, they can personify personalized mental health care and services, that is to say services that are centered on the person’s recovery project and not only on their symptoms. Data from our overall research strategy will lay the ground for the evaluation of the effects of the intervention of Peer Support Workers on clinical recovery, citizenship and personal recovery.
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Kobayashi, H. "VERA status and results." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S289 (August 2012): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312021370.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractVERA is a Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) array for astrometry, composed of four 20 m radio telescopes. They are located over a range of around 2300 km in Japan. VERA consists of a two-beam system equipped with 2, 6.7, 8, 22, and 43 GHz receivers. The two-beam system is used for phase referencing of the VLBI observations, to compensate for atmospheric-turbulence effects between two nearby objects. It has achieved measurements of annual parallaxes within 5 kpc with 10% accuracy. Observed sources are water, SiO, and methanol masers, which are found in molecular gas around star-forming regions and evolved stars. We have carried out a large program of astrometry to reveal the Galaxy's structure and velocity field. VERA has already measured trigonometric parallaxes of more than 30 sources and observed around a hundred sources using the two-beam astrometry technique. Maser sources are associated with high-mass star-forming regions, which are thought to trace the arm structure of the Galaxy. Using annual parallax and proper-motion measurements, their structure will be shown without kinematic distance assumptions. Some sources exhibit large differences between trigonometric-parallax measurements and kinematic distances. We present the status of the VERA project as well as recent results.
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Kitrar, L. A., and I. S. Lola. "Features of the Conjuncture Measurement of Entrepreneurs’ Digital Activity in Russia: Approach, Indicators, Pilot Results." Voprosy statistiki 26, no. 8 (August 24, 2019): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2019-26-8-28-42.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The process of the digitalization of economic activity currently raises many questions of economic and social policy in Russia that need to be solved with relevant statistical and analytical data.In this case, it is important to significantly increase the sources of efficient, accessible and comparable data on sectoral digitalization. The authors believe that the opinions and assessments of direct participants of digital events (economic agents from various kinds of economic activity) should also be taken into account when forming targeted decisions of policymakers aimed at the inclusive growth of the national economy, including through such force as digitalization.Therefore, in 2018 the Centre for Business Tendencies Studies at National Research University Higher School of Economics launched the pilot project focused on measuring the digital activity of Russian enterprises of main types of economic activity. The authors define the main task of the study as the development of such criteria for measuring the industry’s digital market conditions, sample requirements for respondents and a system of indicators that together with the results of the pilot surveys would allow the expert community to actually provide effective data and analytical support to entrepreneurs with forming of sectoral digital platforms.The main idea of the study is that the success of the country in promoting digital technologies is largely related to the possibilities of collecting large-scale qualitative data on digital trends, barriers and effects comparable to international counterparts.The review presents the main methodological principles and first results of pilot market surveys among industrial and commercial enterprises in Russia and outlines criteria for selecting indicators for the first pilot sampling. As an example, the section of the article devoted to key results of the 2018 pilot survey of industry uses analysis of digital transformation in medium-size and large manufacturing enterprises.Innovations in the 2019 pilot survey are addressed as an independent direction. In this regard the article notes that the survey program involves measuring ICTs capabilities and potential to increase resource and environmental efficiency in industry, evaluating investment activities related to green growth and aimed at the development and dissemination of green technologies and achieving environmental goals, assessing final consumption (demand) for environmental goods in trade, accounting for the development ICT technologies aimed at greening and resource efficiency by organizations.The article concludes that taking into account the first results of the market survey, the basic requirements for a system of market indicators were determined. These requirements reflect the level, directions, intensity, dividends, and effectiveness of digital transformation of the main kinds of economic activities for a more representative consideration of the digital contribution to GDP growth.
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Tenti, Elena, Andrea Casadei Gardini, Dino Amadori, Paola Fiacchi, Alessandra Stancari, Alessandra Zanardi, Chiara Cherubini, et al. "Multicentric survey on dose reduction in cancer drug therapy: Detection and measurement of critical phenomena as potential indicators of suspected adverse reactions." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e13579-e13579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e13579.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
e13579 Background: The antineoplastics are considered drugs with a high number of side effects. Paradoxically, in the National Network of Pharmacovigilance the number of reported adverse reactions of these medicine is proportionally lower than that of normal drugs. In the field of pharmacovigilance programs promoted by the Region Emilia Romagna and funded by AIFA (Italian Medicines Agency) a project of multicenter surveillance of cancer drugs and their effect has been developed aimed at improving patient safety. The project joined 7 centers: IRCCS IRST (Coordinating Center) and the Hospitals of Ravenna, Parma, R. Emilia, Bologna, Ferrara and Rimini. Methods: All centers except one used the management software Log80 and therefore shared a database of information of analogous structure (the data presented come from the database of medication prescription). The survey included patients that started therapy in 2011 and reduced it in the same year. It was analyzed dose reduction from 10% to 50% during the first 90 days of therapy (dose reduction was counted from the actual administred dose to patient). The first 90 days of therapy have been considered as a significant time frame to intercept critical phenomena. Results: Out of a total of 12,389 patients, 1,320 have reduced the dose in the firts 3 mounth of treatment (10.7%). The drugs that have mostly resulted in a reduction of dose were Paclitaxel and Oxaliplatin (with a reduction of respectively 17.4% and 17.3% in term of number of patients ), Docetaxel (14.8%), Carboplatin (15%), Fluorouracil (10.7%) and among oral medications Capecitabine (6.9%). Conclusions: This survey has shown that patients treated with chemotherapy have had a dose reduction lower than compared to published studies. With regards to these reduction it must be highlighted that approximately 20% of patients have reduced by 30% the dose within three months of therapy. The dose reduction may underlie suspected adverse reactions; in this perspective, further investigations could show if the patients had severe adverse drug reactions.
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Hilditch, C. J., N. H. Feick, L. R. Wong, N. G. Bathurst, and E. E. Flynn-Evans. "0175 Light Improves Alertness and Mood During the Sleep Inertia Period Following Slow Wave Sleep." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A69—A70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.173.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Introduction Waking from sleep, especially slow wave sleep (SWS), is associated with reduced alertness known as sleep inertia. Light improves alertness during sleep deprivation and circadian misalignment. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of light to improve alertness and mood immediately after waking from SWS. Methods Twelve participants kept a sleep schedule of 8.5 h for 5 nights and 5 h for one night prior to the overnight laboratory visit (confirmed by actigraphy). Participants went to bed at their scheduled habitual bedtime in the laboratory and were monitored by standard polysomnography. After at least 5 min of SWS, participants were awoken and exposed to either red ambient light (control) or blue-enriched bright light (light) for 1 h. During this time, participants completed a subjective scale of alertness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, KSS) and visual analogue scales (VAS) of mood at 2 min, 17 min, 32 min, and 47 min after waking. Following this sleep inertia measurement period, all lights were turned off and participants were allowed to return to sleep. They were then awoken again from their subsequent SWS period and exposed to the opposite condition (control or light). A linear mixed-effects model with fixed effects of condition, time, and condition*time and a random effect of participant was used to determine the impact of light across the testing period. An average of baseline responses (pre-sleep) was included as a covariate. Results Compared to the control condition, participants exposed to blue-enriched bright light reported feeling more alert (KSS: F1,77=4.955, p=.029; VASalert: F1,77=8.226, p=.005), more cheerful (VAScheerful: F1,77=8.615, p=.004), less depressed (VASdepressed: F1,77=4.649, p=.034), and less lethargic (VASlethargic: F1,77=5.652, p=.020). Conclusion Exposure to blue-enriched bright light immediately after waking from SWS may help to improve subjective alertness and mood. Future analyses will explore whether these findings extend to effects on cognitive performance. Support Naval Postgraduate School Grant. NASA Airspace Operations and Safety Program, System-Wide Safety Project.
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Field, Paul R., Andrew J. Heymsfield, and Aaron Bansemer. "Snow Size Distribution Parameterization for Midlatitude and Tropical Ice Clouds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 4346–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2344.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Many microphysical process rates involving snow are proportional to moments of the snow particle size distribution (PSD), and in this study a moment estimation parameterization applicable to both midlatitude and tropical ice clouds is proposed. To this end aircraft snow PSD data were analyzed from tropical anvils [Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/Kwajelein Experiment (TRMM/KWAJEX), Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE)] and midlatitude stratiform cloud [First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Research Experiment (FIRE), Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM)]. For half of the dataset, moments of the PSDs are computed and a parameterization is generated for estimating other PSD moments when the second moment (proportional to the ice water content when particle mass is proportional to size squared) and temperature are known. Subsequently the parameterization was tested with the other half of the dataset to facilitate an independent comparison. The parameterization for estimating moments can be applied to midlatitude or tropical clouds without requiring prior knowledge of the regime of interest. Rescaling of the tropical and midlatitude size distributions is presented along with fits to allow the user to recreate realistic PSDs given estimates of ice water content and temperature. The effects of using different time averaging were investigated and were found not to be adverse. Finally, the merits of a single-moment snow microphysics versus multimoment representations are discussed, and speculation on the physical differences between the rescaled size distributions from the Tropics and midlatitudes is presented.
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Palència, Laia, Brenda Biaani León-Gómez, Xavier Bartoll, Juli Carrere, Elia Díez, Laia Font-Ribera, Anna Gómez, et al. "Study Protocol for the Evaluation of the Health Effects of Superblocks in Barcelona: The “Salut Als Carrers” (Health in the Streets) Project." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 2956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082956.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Superblocks are currently being introduced in Barcelona to respond to the city’s scarcity of green spaces and high levels of air pollution, traffic injuries, and sedentariness. The aim is to calm the streets by reducing the number of square meters dedicated to private vehicles and to reclaim part of this public space for people. Salut als Carrers (Health in the Streets) is a project to evaluate the potential environmental and health effects of the superblock model with an equity perspective in Barcelona. This study aims to explain the various interventions implemented in different neighborhoods in Barcelona and the methods that will be used to evaluate them in a quasi-experimental and health impact assessment (HIA) approaches. Given the complexity of the intervention evaluated, the project employs mixed methodologies. Quantitative methods include: (a) a pre–post health survey of 1200 people randomly selected from the municipal register asked about self-perceived health and quality of life, social support, mental health, mobility, physical activity, neighborhood characteristics, and housing; (b) pre–post environmental measurements, mainly of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter of less than 10 µm (PM10), and particulate matter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and black carbon; (c) pre–post environmental walkability measures using the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) tool; (d) use of public space and physical activity levels using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), a validated observation tool; (e) pre–post traffic injury measures with a comparison group; and (f) the comparison and integration of pre–post assessment with previous HIAs and the improvement of future HIAs. Qualitative studies will be performed to analyze residents’ perception of these effects by using: (a) various focus groups according to different participant characteristics who are more or less likely to use the superblocks; and (b) a guerrilla ethnography, which is a method that combines ethnographic observation and semi-structured interviews. This study, which evaluates the impact of an ambitious urban-renewal program on health, will help to assess the effectiveness of public policy in terms of health and health inequalities.
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Boichuk, Oleksandr, Katherine Pershina, Oleh Riabokin, Alexandr Kravchenko, and Radyslav Panteleimonov. "THERMO-GALVANIC EFFECTS IN A NON-ISOTHERMAL ELEMENT BASED ON THE OF IRON-CARBON COMPOSITIONAL ELECTRODE AND ALKALINE ELECTROLYTE." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 86, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.86.4.2020.108-117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In article was established the conditions for measuring thermal diffusion and thermoelectric effects in non-isothermal elements with composite electrodes of powdered iron and carbon in the alkaline electrolytes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. By the modeling of the impedance spectra of these systems has been established the most advantageous equivalent model scheme, which confirms that the external resistance has several components: the resistance of the electrolyte, the resistance of the capacity of the double electric layer and the resistance of thermal diffusion, which forms the dispersion of the capacity. By the calculations of the capacity and the dispersion of the capacity in the low- and high-frequency measurement range have been shown the effect of the concentration of composition components on the formation of the additional heat capacity, which creates the preconditions for realizing of the thermal electrical effects. Increasing of a concentration of the iron leads to the increase of the number of oxide (semiconductor) structures that increase the additional heat capacity. Such heat capacity induces electrical capacity and its dispersion. That is, it creates the preconditions for the occurrence of thermoelectric effects, especially Sore effects in the non-isothermal element. This work was realized due the projects of the Purpose Program for Basic Research of the Chemistry Department of NAS of Ukraine "Basic Research in Priority Areas of Chemistry" P - 1 - 17 DR 0117U000856 and "Strategy of creation of new heat-energy systems based on iron and its compounds, sulfur and oxygen" No. 0117U0008.
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Grabowski, Wojciech W. "Can the Impact of Aerosols on Deep Convection be Isolated from Meteorological Effects in Atmospheric Observations?" Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 10 (October 2018): 3347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0105.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Influence of pollution on dynamics of deep convection continues to be a controversial topic. Arguably, only carefully designed numerical simulations can clearly separate the impact of aerosols from the effects of meteorological factors that affect moist convection. This paper argues that such a separation is virtually impossible using observations because of the insufficient accuracy of atmospheric measurements and the fundamental nature of the interaction between deep convection and its environment. To support this conjecture, results from numerical simulations are presented that apply modeling methodology previously developed by the author. The simulations consider small modifications, difficult to detect in observations, of the initial sounding, surface fluxes, and large-scale forcing tendencies. All these represent variations of meteorological conditions that affect deep convective dynamics independently of aerosols. The setup follows the case of daytime convective development over land based on observations during the Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere (LBA) field project in Amazonia. The simulated observable macroscopic changes of convection, such as the surface precipitation and upper-tropospheric cloudiness, are similar to or larger than those resulting from changes of cloud condensation nuclei from pristine to polluted conditions studied previously using the same modeling case. Observations from Phase III of the Global Atmospheric Research Program Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) are also used to support the argument concerning the impact of the large-scale forcing. The simulations suggest that the aerosol impacts on dynamics of deep convection cannot be isolated from meteorological effects, at least for the daytime development of unorganized deep convection considered in this study.
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Schwarz, Georg F., Ladislaus Rybach, and Emile E. Klingelé. "Design, calibration, and application of an airborne gamma spectrometer system in Switzerland." GEOPHYSICS 62, no. 5 (September 1997): 1369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444241.
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Airborne radiometric surveys are finding increasingly wider applications in environmental mapping and monitoring. They are the most efficient tool to delimit surface contamination and to locate lost radioactive sources. To secure radiometric capability in survey and emergency situations, a new sensitive airborne system has been built that includes an airborne spectrometer with 256 channels and a sodium iodide detector with a total volume of 16.8 liters. A rack mounted PC with memory cards is used for data acquisition, with a GPS satellite navigation system for positioning. The system was calibrated with point sources using a mathematical correction to take into account the effects of gamma‐ray scattering in the ground and in the atmosphere. The calibration was complemented by high precision ground gamma spectrometry and laboratory measurements on rock samples. In Switzerland, two major research programs make use of the capabilities of airborne radiometric measurements. The first one concerns nuclear power plant monitoring. The five Swiss nuclear installations (four power plants and one research facility) and the surrounding regions of each site are surveyed annually. The project goal is to monitor the dose‐rate distribution and to provide a documented baseline database. The measurements show that all sites (with the exception of the Gösgen power plant) can be identified clearly on the maps. No artificial radioactivity that could not be explained by the Chernobyl release or earlier nuclear weapons tests was detected outside of the fenced sites of the nuclear installations. The second program aims at a better evaluation of the natural radiation level in Switzerland. The survey focused on the crystalline rocks of the Central Massifs of the Swiss Alps because of their relatively high natural radioactivity and lithological variability.
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Cipryan, Lukas, Petr Kutac, Tomas Dostal, Matthew Zimmermann, Miroslav Krajcigr, Vera Jandackova, Radim Sram, Daniel Jandacka, and Peter Hofmann. "Regular running in an air-polluted environment: physiological and anthropometric protocol for a prospective cohort study (Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment Study – Program 4)." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e040529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionAmbient air pollution is a global environmental problem, which causes adverse health effects and premature deaths worldwide. Although regular exercise and physical activity have evident health benefits, the influence of long-term air pollution exposure during regular outdoor running has not been definitively clarified.Methods and analysisThis study protocol describes the physiological and anthropometric perspectives of the ‘Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment’ Study – Programme 4 (4HAIE). The 4HAIE research project is intended to be a single-centre, prospective, longitudinal and multidisciplinary cohort study. The presented study protocol describes the cross-sectional measurements and analyses. Overall, 1500 adult participants (age 18–65 years), runners and inactive individuals, living in a high or low air-polluted area of the Czech Republic will be recruited. We will measure and analyse biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the blood, exercise capacity (graded exercise test and spiroergometry), blood pressure, lung function (spirometry), cardiac autonomic regulation and anthropometry (body composition).Ethics and disseminationThe 4HAIE study protocol has already been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Ostrava (3/2018). A detailed participant information sheet will be provided to each individual prior to obtaining their written informed consent. The study poses little to no risk to participants. The findings of this study will be disseminated at regional and international conferences, in peer-reviewed journals and via social and broadcast media.