Статті в журналах: "Profile gear grinding"

1

Li, Wen Long, Li Wei, Hong Ying Hu, and Jian Liu. "Analysis on Characteristics of Minor Cycle Errors in Process of Grinding Involute Gears on Worm Wheel Gear Grinding Machine." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 1209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.1209.

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Usually, there are serious tooth-period errors in the process of grinding Involute gears on a worm wheel gear grinding machine. Being based on the process characteristics of grinding involute gears using a worm grinding wheel, radial errors and tangential errors of worm wheel gear grinding machine are analyzed. And conclusions for profile errors to be effected are given.

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2

Wang, Huiliang, Jubo Li, Yang Gao, and Jianjun Yang. "Closed-Loop Feedback Flank Errors Correction of Topographic Modification of Helical Gears Based on Form Grinding." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/635156.

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To increase quality, reduce heavy-duty gear noise, and avoid edge contact in manufacturing helical gears, a closed-loop feedback correction method in topographic modification tooth flank is proposed based on the gear form grinding. Equations of grinding wheel profile and grinding wheel additional radial motion are derived according to tooth segmented profile modification and longitudinal modification. Combined with gear form grinding kinematics principles, the equations of motion for each axis of five-axis computer numerical control forming grinding machine are established. Such topographical modification is achieved in gear form grinding with on-machine measurement. Based on a sensitivity analysis of polynomial coefficients of axis motion and the topographic flank errors by on-machine measuring, the corrections are determined through an optimization process that targets minimization of the tooth flank errors. A numerical example of gear grinding, including on-machine measurement and closed-loop feedback correction completing process, is presented. The validity of this flank correction method is demonstrated for tooth flank errors that are reduced. The approach is useful to precision manufacturing of spiral bevel and hypoid gears, too.

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3

He, Hong Xia. "Research on Forms of Grinding Allowance Based on NC Form Grinding Cylinder Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.276.

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The machining principle and characteristics of form grinding cylinder gear are introduced as well as the characteristics of form grinding machine in this paper. By analyzing and comparing three kinds of grinding allowance for cylinder gear grinding, a reasonable and effective axial section shape is determined in experience, which is a practical profile to shape the axial section of grinding wheel for numerical control grinding cylinder gears.

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4

Kampka, Marco, Christoph Löpenhaus, and Fritz Klocke. "Development of a Methodology for Analyzation of the Influence of Pitch Diameter Shift on the Generating Gear Grinding Process." Advanced Materials Research 1140 (August 2016): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1140.149.

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In order to improve load carrying capacity and noise behaviour, case hardened gears are usually hard finished. One possible process for hard finishing of gears is generating gear grinding, which has replaced other grinding processes in batch production of small and middle sized gears due to high process efficiency. Especially generating gear grinding of large module gears with a module higher than mn > 8 mm can be challenging due to high process forces and the resulting excitation, which can influence gear quality negatively. TÜRICH suggested applying a pitch diameter shift during generating gear grinding to equal out the number of contact points between the left and right flanks of the gear with the grinding tool [1]. This qualitative approach is not sufficient to predict the process behaviour because it does not take the changing radii of the curvature of the involute into account and, therefore, the changing contact conditions along the gear profile. In this paper a methodology to quantify the influence of pitch diameter shift on the generating gear grinding process using a manufacturing simulation is introduced. Additionally this methodology is validated for one manufacturing test case.

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5

Gyéresi, Hunor András, Luciana Cristea, and Márton Máté. "The Improvement of the Precision of the Archimedean Spiral Toothline Gear Cutting Mill." Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2021.14.04.

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Abstract The precision of gears has a major influence on the quality of the transmission. If the gear cannot be finished by grinding, the precision of the generating tool becomes essential. Archimedean spiral toothline cylindrical gears are obtained by reciprocate meshing using a milling cutter built up by individual cutters, organized in groups. The profiles of edges must be realized with a minimal profile error. In order to ensure the quality and the precision of the meshed tooth surface, and also the profile constancy after re-sharpening, relief faces must be realized by a grinding relieving operation. A secondary effect of the kinematics of relieving end the spatial extent of the grinding wheel a post undercut results and this produces an inevitable profile error. The present paper discusses a possible grinding wheel setting that produces a maximum theoretical profile error under 1μm along the whole re-sharpening reserve of the cutter. The proposed setting can be realized on a classical relieving lathe.

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6

Lee, Yi Hui, Shih Syun Lin, and Yi Pei Shih. "Probe Position Planning for Measuring Cylindrical Gears on a Four-Axis CNC Machine." Advanced Materials Research 579 (October 2012): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.579.297.

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During large-size gear manufacturing by form grinding, the actual tooth surfaces will differ from the theoretical tooth surface because of errors in the clamping fixture and machine axes and machining deflection. Therefore, to improve gear precision, the gear tooth deviations should be measured first and the flank correction implemented based on these deviations. To address the difficulty in large-size gear transit, we develop an on-machine scanning measurement for cylindrical gears on the five-axis CNC gear profile grinding machine that can measure the gear tooth deviations on the machine immediately after grinding, but only four axes are needed for the measurement. Our results can serve as a foundation for follow-up research on closed-loop flank correction technology. This measuring process, which is based on the AGMA standards, includes the (1) profile deviation, (2) helix deviation, (3) pitch deviation, and (4) flank topographic deviation. The mathematical models for measuring probe positioning are derived using the base circle method. We also calculate measuring positions that can serve as a basis for programming the NC codes of the measuring process. Finally, instead of the gear profile grinding machine, we used the six-axis CNC hypoid gear cutting machine for measuring experiments to verify the proposed mathematical models, and the experimental result was compared with Klingelnberg P40 gear measuring center.

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7

Hübner, Florian, Christoph Löpenhaus, Fritz Klocke, and Christian Brecher. "Extended Calculation Model for Generating Gear Grinding Processes." Advanced Materials Research 1140 (August 2016): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1140.141.

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Generally, hard finishing is the final step in manufacturing cylindrical gears. The most established processes for hard finishing are continuous generation grinding and discontinuous profile grinding [1]. Despite the wide industrial application of the continuous generation grinding process, only few scientific investigations exist. One possible reason for this are the complex contact conditions between tool and gear flank. Modelling the complex contact conditions between grinding worm and gear to calculate cutting forces, characteristic values as well as micro- and macroscopic gear geometry are the topics of this paper. The approaches are introduced and results for validation are presented and discussed.

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8

Wang, Na Jun, Yu Tang, and Peng Wang. "The Design and Simulation of Gear-Shaped Profile Chamfering Structure." Advanced Materials Research 305 (July 2011): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.305.300.

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The paper studies gear chamfering process and carries out process of gear chamfering based on the tooth profile accompanying principle. Based on such method, the cone grinding wheel chamfering structure is designed. Taken the awl grinding wheel head organization as study object, influences of the grinding wheel structure size and installing position is studied. Model of gear chamfering is established based on the spatial geometry relations. Single gear was taken as an example, the degree and size of the edge for such gear after gear chamfering is calculated.

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9

Chang, Ling Chiao, S. J. Tsai, Jia Sheng Wei, and Pin Ching Chen. "Manufacturing of Cycloid Tooth Profile for RV and Cyclo Drives by Threaded Wheel Hobbing and Grinding." Key Engineering Materials 825 (October 2019): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.825.106.

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Cycloid planetary gear drives are widely used in power and precision motion transmission because of high gear-ratio and good shock absorbability. The aim of the paper is to propose a synthesis approach to generate necessary profiles for manufacturing with thread-wheel type tools based on a given cycloid tooth profile. Two different cases are illustrated in the paper to calculate these profiles, the profiles of thread wheel on normal or axial section, the equivalent rack profile, as well as the profile of dressing or grinding wheel for grinding or hobbing.

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10

Su, Jian Xin, Xiao Zhong Deng, Xiao Zhong Ren, and Kai Xu. "Development of the Dressing Software for Form Grinding Wheel Used for Grinding Involute Helical Gears." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3556.

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On the basis of establishing the mathematical model of grinding wheel profile by means of analytic method, the grinding wheel profile was determined. Different factors affecting gear form grinding was analyzed by means of numerical simulation. The form grinding wheel dressing software for grinding helical gear was developed, and the instruction for dressing grinding wheel profile was generated. Wheel dressing results show that the dressing software is correct and feasible.

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11

Chen, Chi Hsiang, Duy Hoang Nguyen, Shinn Liang Chang, and Truong Giang Nguyen. "The Grinding of the Worm for Worm Gear Set." Key Engineering Materials 775 (August 2018): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.775.473.

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Worm gear set is composed by the worm and worm wheel. It is an important transmission device for crossed axes transmission with high gear ratio. Worm gears can be produced in several ways, depending on the size of the transmission, the number of threads, the type of the worm and the purpose of application, etc. The contact is highly related to the precision of tooth profile. The best way to control the characteristic of contact is done by the modified worm profile. This paper deals with the manufacture of ZI-Worm whose theoretical tooth surface is generated by a screw motion of a straight line. In order to manufacture the worm with modified high precision tooth profile, the most important consideration is how to develop the profile of the grinding wheel in the worm grinding process. It is the essential requirement for the development of grinding machine for the worm. This article therefore deals with the problems of how to generate the profile of the grinding wheel. By the development of the grinding machine, we can complete the worm surface and tools for the production.

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12

Yang, Shuying, Weifang Chen, Zhiqiang Wang, and Yanfeng Zhou. "Modelling and experiment of gear hob tooth profile error for relief grinding." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 235, no. 13 (May 12, 2021): 2081–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544054211017297.

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Gear hob is an important tool that is most used in gear processing. Hob accuracy directly exerts an overwhelming influence on the quality of the processed gear. Generally, the hob tooth profile accuracy is mainly determined by relief grinding process. Studies on tooth profile errors of gear hobs caused by severe friction and cutting with the high-speed rotation of the wheel during the form grinding machining of hobs are limited. Thus, a theoretical model of the tooth profile error prediction under different machining parameters was established based on the analysis of coupling influence of high temperature and high strain rate on gear hobs in the relief grinding process. The model was completed on the basis of the dynamic explicit integral finite element method of thermo-mechanical coupling. Through the prediction model, the influence of the grinding depth ap, feed speed Vw and grinding speed Vs on the tooth profile error can be analysed. In addition, an algorithm for accurately calculate the grinding wheel axial profile by combining instantaneous envelope theory and hob normal tooth profile was proposed. The hob relief grinding experiments were carried out using the proposed grinding wheel profile algorithm. The relative error of the prediction obtained by comparing the calculation results of the prediction model with the experimental results is within 10%. Results prove the validity of the prediction model. This finding is greatly important for optimising the accuracy of hob relief grinding.

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13

Ding, Wenzheng, Wenquan He, Hu Zhang, and Yao Li. "Effect of Assembly Errors on Ground Tooth Surface Deviations for Large-Scale CNC Gear Profile Grinding Machines." Machines 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10020111.

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Assembling plays a significant role in the performance of large-scale CNC gear profile grinding machines. An approach in the deviation evaluation of ground tooth surfaces taking into account assembly errors is proposed in this paper. Based on the error transmission chain of the profile grinding system and the conjugate motion relationship between the grinding wheel and the workpiece, the ground tooth surface model including assembly errors was established using the surface envelope method. Then, the effect of assembly errors on deviations of the profile grinding tooth surface was quantitatively analyzed. The optimized distribution of assembly errors and machining verifications were performed on large-scale CNC gear profile grinding machines. The results show that the proposed method is effective at ensuring ground tooth surface deviations for large-scale CNC gear profile grinding machines.

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14

Yang, Jian Jun, and Jian Jun Wang. "Error Analysis of Modification Gear Generated by Grinding Worm Wheel." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1714–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1714.

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In the process of gear grinding, the grinding worm profile was modified with the wear of grinding worm, which has an important influence on machining accuracy. In this paper, the profile of grinding worm was calculated and simulated according to the tooth contact analysis. The profile error was analyzed according to the outer diameter of grinding worm. With the wear of grinding worm from outer diameter 400mm to 380mm, the grinding worm profile was recalculated after being redressed to ensure grinding accuracy.

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15

Chen, Xiao Dong, Hong Xi Wang, and Qi Cheng Lao. "Development of Calculating Grinding Wheel-Profile Software Applied to the Sharping Grinder Machine." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.135.

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The grinding wheel-profile is mostly formed by adjusting the angle of cylindrical profile model when regrinding gear hob with the large helix flute. Repeat trial cutting is needed with this method, which results in low efficiency. In order to improve the efficiency of processing, a mathematical model of grinding wheel profile was establish in according to forming principle of the rake face of gear hob and accurately calculate grinding wheel-profile. A automatic programming system of calculating grinding wheel-profile and automatically generate NC code is developed with the developing tool of VC++.

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16

Zhang, Hu, and Xiao Diao Huang. "Effects of Wheel Dressing Errors on the Accuracy of CNC Gear Form Grinding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.400.

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Gear form grinding is a finish machining method for hard tooth surface with a form wheel. Wheel dressing is an important process in gear form grinding, and affects the precision of the ground gear directly. Based on the envelope theory the mathematical model of the dressed wheel surface was built in the case of wheel dressing errors. Then the real profile of the ground tooth in the transverse plan was solved and its deviations from the designed profile were evaluated. Finally the effects of each dressing error on the precision of the ground gear were analyzed using the proposed mathematical model. The results provided theoretical foundation for the precision control during manufacturing a gear form grinding machine. A grinding experiment was implemented using the gear form grinding machine and the ground gear was measured by a three-coordinate measuring machine. The measure result indicated that the accuracy grade of the ground gear achieved 4 (ISO1328-1: 1997).

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17

Schrank, Maximilian, Jens Brimmers, and Thomas Bergs. "Potentials of Vitrified and Elastic Bonded Fine Grinding Worms in Continuous Generating Gear Grinding." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5010004.

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Continuous generating gear grinding with vitrified grinding worms is an established process for the hard finishing of gears for high-performance transmissions. Due to the increasing requirements for gears in terms of power density, the required surface roughness is continuously decreasing. In order to meet the required tooth flank roughness, common manufacturing processes are polish grinding with elastic bonded grinding tools and fine grinding with vitrified grinding tools. The process behavior and potential of the different bonds for producing super fine surfaces in generating gear grinding have not been sufficiently scientifically investigated yet. Therefore, the objective of this report is to evaluate these potentials. Part of the investigations are the generating gear grinding process with elastic bonded, as well as vitrified grinding worms with comparable grit sizes. The potential of the different tool specifications is empirically investigated independent of the grain size, focusing on the influence of the bond. One result of the investigations was that the tooth flank roughness could be reduced to nearly the same values with the polish and the fine grinding tool. Furthermore, a dependence of the roughness on the selected grinding parameters could not be determined. However, it was found out that the profile line after polish grinding is significantly dependent on the process strategy used.

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18

Ren, Zhong Yi, and Bi Qiong Jiang. "Disk Form Grinding Wheel 3D Parametric Modeling of Quadruple-Arc Gear Based on OpenGL." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1258.

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Arc-gear tooth profile is complex, especially quadruple-arc gear, it cant be grinding by generating method, form grinding method is still has some difficult in wheel dressing. In this article, the author use software VC++6.0 and OpenGL developed a new and special gear software, when the tooth number and modulus of arc-gear to be machined and grinding wheel diameter is given, this software can generate disk form grinding wheel 3D model,this software is useful to arc-gear form grinding wheel dressing.

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19

He, Hong Xia, and Hong Xia Liu. "A Calculating Method for the Movement Contrail in the Operation of Dressing the Profile Shape of Grinding Wheel Used for Numerical Control Form Grinding Spur Cylinder Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2269.

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This paper introduces the machining principles and characteristics of mold grinding cylinder gear as well as the composition of a form disc grinding wheel. By using contour machining principle，a mathematical model of form grinding the involute surface of a spur cylinder gear is established. And also a calculating formula used to dress the profile shape of the transition curve of grinding wheel is given by calculating. This provides a calculation method for dressing the profile shape of disc grinding wheel in the axial section used for the operation of numerical control form grinding spur cylinder gear. The example illustrates the method is effective in the use.

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20

P. Jeyaraman , B. R. Aravindhraj, P. Jeyaraman ,. B. R. Aravindhraj. "Super Finishing of Gear Tooth Profile using Profile Grinding." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 8, no. 4 (2018): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdaug201816.

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21

Zyzak, Piotr, and Paweł Kobiela. "Strategy of profile dividing gear grinding on Höfler grinding machines." Mechanik 90, no. 10 (October 9, 2017): 873–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.10.132.

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The strategy of implementation of grinding operation of toothed gears with use of profile dividing method on Höfler grinding machines is presented. Results of this operation will depend on adopted strategy and machining conditions and the type of tool.

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22

Lishchenko, N. V., and V. P. Larshin. "Profile Gear Grinding Temperature Reduction and Equalization." Journal of Engineering Sciences 5, no. 1 (2018): A 1—A 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2018.5(1).a1.

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23

Fu, Xuezhong, Zongde Fang, Yanmei Cui, Xiangying Hou, and Jianhua Li. "Modelling, design and analysis of offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear drives." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 9 (September 2018): 168781401879825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018798250.

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This article proposes the application of a profile-shifted grinding disc to generate an offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear. A detailed investigation of the modelling, tooth geometry and contact characteristics of the offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear has been conducted. The mathematical models of the profile-shifted shaper cutter, profile-shifted pinion, profile-shifted grinding disc and offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear are established. Considering the topological modification, the tooth surface equation of the offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear is deduced. Based on the undercutting and pointing of the tooth surface, the limiting tooth width of the offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear is determined, and a mathematical model of tooth contact analysis of the offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear drive is established with the alignment errors. Using the approach presented in this article, an example of an offset, non-orthogonal and profile-shifted face gear drive and analytical results are presented.

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24

Ma, Yong, Heng Liu, Ke Hong Li, and Li Ding Wang. "Study on Precision Grinding of Involute Cams on a Double-Disc Device." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2002–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2002.

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The involute cam is used for generating tooth form of an involute gear in gear grinder with involute cam-link stopper, and its profile error is one of the factors which decide the tooth form precision of gear. The conventional processing means of involute cams can't achieve a sufficient accuracy. In this paper, a double-disc mode grinding device is introduced. Based on analysis of grinding principle, the device's structure and working process are described, and the main sources of grinding profile errors are analyzed. It is confirmed that the introduced device has the ability of accomplishing a highly precise grinding of involute cams.

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25

Wang, Hui Liang, Xiao Zhong Deng, Jian Jun Yang, and Kai Xu. "Mathematical Model of Topology Modification of Tooth Surface and Error Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 2255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.2255.

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In order to analysis the processing performance of the CNC grinding machine, the master profile error distribution characteristics of gear grinding tooth error analysis method based on statistical process control techniques. Tooth profile error topology control charts, analysis of the tooth length direction and the tooth height direction of the error distribution, respectively, corresponding to establish the mean - range control chart. Control charts to achieve real-time distribution of the gear grinding process tooth profile error, error change trend analysis and prevention. Calculate the machine's process capability index, derived CNC grinding processes. Finally, analysis the main causes of tooth profile error and take appropriate measures to reduce the tooth profile error by the cause and effect diagram.

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26

Xuan, Liang, Tian Min Guan, Lei Lei, and Chang Xiu Lv. "The Research of High Precision FA45-29 Prototype Design and Process." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.586.

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The machining accuracy grade of cycloid gear in high precision two teeth difference cycloid-pin gear planetary transmission is different to general gear, so it can’t be designed according to the requirement of universal transmission accuracy, this paper presents the design precision grade requirements of high precision cycloid. In the traditional process the two teeth difference profile need gear grinding three times include fixing addendum, which will affect the accuracy of cycloid-pin tooth profile. This paper puts forward the process route of molding grinding. In order to detect the accuracy of two teeth difference cycloid gear tooth profile timely when processing, this paper takes double rod measuring method gives the testing size of cycloid gear tooth profile. This paper adopts the method that the three piece of cycloid gear as a whole to process, which will guarantee the consistency and the same performance of the three pieces of cycloid gear.

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27

Yu, Tao, Yu Xia Qian, Ke Dong, and Su Yu Wang. "Improving the Precision of Gear Honing with External Honing Ring Using Diamond Dressing Gear." Advanced Materials Research 135 (October 2010): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.135.111.

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The gear honing process is a widely used process for gear finishing after heat-treated, and may be divided into the variants “internal-tooth honing” and “external-tooth honing”. External- tooth honing is seldom used in gear finishing due to lower overlapping ratio and relatively low precision. But its process cost is much lower than internal-tooth honing and gear grinding. The paper puts forward a new method to improve the precision of external-tooth honing, i.e. honing ring is profiled by diamond dressing gears, which have the profile of the workpiece to be machined. Meshing and Tooth contact analysis of honing ring profiling has been considered. Meshing equation of profiling process and equation of honing ring tooth flank after profiling are obtained. Experiment testified that it is an applied method and has many advantages.

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28

Denkena, B., D. Preising, and S. Woiwode. "Gear profile grinding with metal bonded CBN tools." Production Engineering 9, no. 1 (November 18, 2014): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11740-014-0588-1.

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29

Hedlund, J., and A. Lehtovaara. "A parameterized numerical method for generating discrete helical gear tooth surface allowing non-standard geometry." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes799.

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Gear analysis is typically performed using calculation based on gear standards. Standards provide a good basis in gear geometry calculation for involute gears, but these are unsatisfactory for handling geometry deviations such as tooth flank modifications. The efficient utilization of finite-element calculation also requires the geometry generation to be parameterized. A parameterized numerical approach was developed to create discrete helical gear geometry and contact line by simulating the gear manufacturing, i.e. the hobbing process. This method is based on coordinate transformations and a wide set of numerical calculation points and their synchronization, which permits deviations from common involute geometry. As an example, the model is applied to protuberance tool profile and grinding with tip relief. A fairly low number of calculation points are needed to create tooth flank profiles where error is <1 μm.

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30

Larshin, Vasily, and Natalya Lishchenko. "Gear grinding system adapting to higher CNC grinder throughput." MATEC Web of Conferences 226 (2018): 04033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822604033.

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Анотація:

The paper is devoted to a solving an important scientific and technical problem of increasing the productivity of defect-free profile gear grinding on CNC machines on the basis of development of on-machine intelligent subsystems for the grinding operation designing, monitoring, and diagnosing which allow grinding system elements adapting to a higher productivity of the CNC grinder. The characteristic of the adaptation principle in manufacturing systems on CNC machines is given in accordance with both the systems and control theories. The productivity resources based on the use of the adaptation principle are studied and identified as well as a methodology is developed for researching the grinding system using scientific methods of modeling, optimization and control. Besides, corresponding technological preconditions are given in the form of a set of purposeful methods and means of innovative profile grinding technology, including grinding stock on-machine measurement and transformation the stock uncertainty into the grinding wheel displacement from the gear to be grinded.

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31

Su, Jian Xin, Xiao Zhong Deng, Xiao Zhong Ren, and Kai Xu. "Study on the Inner Helical Gear Form Grinding Wheel Dressing Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (December 2010): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.397.

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Анотація:

Based on the gear meshing theory, the mathematical model of inner helical gear form grinding is established. In order to get rid of the grinding interference, numerical simulation is used to optimize the diameter of grinding wheel and its installation angle. The wheel profile obtained by means of numerical simulation is transformed into the end section of tooth firstly, and then compared with the theoretical involute tooth. Substitute the optimized diameter of grinding wheel and its installation angle into meshing equation, the wheel profile can be obtained by solving meshing equation with Newton iteration method. Wheel dressing and simulating analysis software are prepared based on VC++6.0.

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32

Wang, Hui Liang, Yu Quan Xiong, Jian Jun Yang, and Kai Xu. "Research on Evaluation Method of CNC Gear Form Grinding Processing Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 1944–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.1944.

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To analyze the machining performance of grinding machine and improve the quality of tooth surface, this paper proposes an integrated model of processing performance evaluation of computer numerical control gear grinding machine. Based on the gear profile grinding machine kinematics principles, the topology modification formulas of tooth surface were deduced. Calculated the process capability index according to experimental data and found that the tooth surface errors were followed normal distribution. The main reason of formation errors was analyzed by cause and effect diagram. Finally, the validity of this integrated model of processing performance evaluation is numerically demonstrated using CNC gear grinding machine.

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33

Casian, Maxim, and Sergiu Mazuru. "A Study Concerning the Workpiece Profile after Grinding Process of Precessional Gear Wheels." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.286.

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Анотація:

In this paper we present a study of issues related for determination the real profile and the theoretical one of the precessional gear wheels. In the research process of the precessional gears profile appeared the problem of finding the geometrical error between fabricated profile and the ideal one after grinding process. The cause of the errors has technological and constructive nature. Processing technology of these specific gear wheels is one that still has many unknowns, therefore will be researched the part that is related to the occurrence of deviations from the ideal profile. The manufacturing of processing device and its elements also lead to geometric deviation of the profile, which will lead to adverse effects during operation. Measurement of manufactured profile using special equipment would involve high costs of time and money, therefore will be used computational methods and the statistic-mathematical method. The computational method is to find a better methodology to transform a file obtained from 3D scan (precessional gear wheel), which can be used only as a copy, into a file with functional extension. Such a conversion is very important to make especially for objects with complicated geometry such as precessional wheel profile. Transformation will result in surfaces and geometric objects that can be manipulated and compared to each other, with the aim of find deviations between ideal 3D models and the real ones. The methodology is relative simple: the triangular surfaces which form the shell of object should be approximated by flat, cylindrical, conical, etc. surfaces interlinked and filling the empty space between them with material. Once the scanned real object is transformed into a functional virtual file, it can not only be compared with the ideal model but also modified at the discretion of the user. Also we can find the coordinates of points which form the wheel contour line, which can be analyze and interpolate to obtain a mean value of scanned profile. Following the analysis of a profile obtaining was observed a small error of inclination of the gear teeth, due to the technological process. This methodology can be used to finding geometric errors also for other objects, gears etc.

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34

Yang, Kai Ming, Zhao Zhao Liu, Wei Fang Wang, and Li Wen Guan. "Accurate Mathematical Model of Profile Curve Generated by Pre-Grinding Hob and Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Gear Generation." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.612.

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Анотація:

This paper illustrates a method to establish the theoretical equations of profile curve of gear teeth generated by the pre-grinding hob. Matrix computation and differential geometry are employed to derive the equations. Graphics of numerical examples based on the mathematical equations are interpreted using Matlab. The proposed model draws the conclusion about the proper parameters of the teeth profile for the optimization of hob design for industrial application. Furthermore, a three-dimensional model of the pre-grinding hob is built with Pro/E in parametric form as a supplementary approach. It is a descriptive-geometry-based method to generate the gear directly without mathematical derivation. By changing parameters that affect the geometry of a hob tooth profile the hobbing cutter can be constructed to generate any conjugated gear through the motion simulation. With the aid of exact mathematical model and computer program, efficiency of gear machining can be improved by eliminating the traditional trial and error procedure. Keywords-pre-grinding hob; antenna; differential geometry; theoretical equation; parametric design; simulation of generation.

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35

Vorozhcova, Natal'ya, Vladimir Makarov, Aleksandr Gorbunov, and Elena Kolganova. "TECHNOLOGICAL CAPACITY UPDATING OF CONTINUOUS RUN-IN GEAR GRINDING METHOD." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2021, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2021-5-15-22.

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Анотація:

The work purpose consists in the technological capacity updating of the method for cog-wheel continuous run-in gear grinding based on the purpose of efficient modes and characteristics of the worm disk. The investigation methods are based on mathematical modeling and planning experiments. Machining aircraft cylindrical cog-wheels and special samples was carried out on modern NC machines, benches and plants with the use of up-to-date test equipment: coordinate inspection machine KIM R-100 “Klingelnberg”, profile meter MarSurf M300S “Mahr”, optical microscope Axiovert 400MAT “Zeiss”, electronic scanning microscope Tescan Mira3 “Tescan”, micro-hardness gage Micro Met 5104 “Buehler”, X-ray diffractometer Xstress Robot “Stresstech OY”, Barkhausen digital nose analyzer Rollscan 350 “StresstechOY”, plant APOON on the well-known and developed techniques. The research results and novelty. Special strategy and cutting modes at the required characteristics of the combined polish-grinding worm allow ensuring gear profile roughness Ra=0.089 mkm keeping high accuracy of a ring gear (gear profile error Fa=1.6mkm) without gear honing thereby increasing productivity. The quality researches of gear surface layer give grounds for the application of the method for aircraft cog wheels.

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36

Shi, Jian Ru, Shao Jing Pei, Jiang Hong Cui, Jian Fei Chen, and Li Wang. "Research for Use Diamond Knife to Ultra-Precision Boring Gauging Pump’s Boring." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.162.

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In this thesis, the new process will proposed which using diamond profile boring to boring 8-shaped hole in intermediate stainless steel plate of synthetic fiber gear pump. Academic analysis was made for gear pump’s flow rate, and analysis was made for the disadvantage of using brown alumina grinding wheel to grinding 8-shaped hole in intermediate plate’s internal surface. The critical technical of single crystal diamond’s material selecting, grinding, welding were solved, and diamond profile boring was designed and manufactured. We confirmed the boring parameters: “”, “” and “” through experiment and academic analysis. The qualified intermediate stainless steel plate with 8-shaped hole was using in one spinning factory; we conquered the grinding hole’s disadvantage and productivity is increasing 15 times.

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37

Gherghina, George, Dragos Tutunea, Dragos Popa, Mihaela Liana Bogdan, and Nicolas Lambrache. "The Method of Design and Manufacturing of the Gear Hobbing Cutter with Bulges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.13.

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Анотація:

This paper presents the design and manufacturing aspects of these tools. Constructive and geometric peculiarities are exposed for the gear hobbing cutter with large modules. The design of the gear hobbing cutter with modified profile in the parametrized variant permits a rapid adaptation to any conditions. Depending on the particular constructive geometric of the gear hobbing cutter profile it was created the virtual prototype (solid model). This is analyzed and, in the final stage, it is manufactured [1,2,3,4,] . Manufacturing techniques of the tool include the obtaining of the profiled knifes for clearance (achieved by increased 50:1 templates on the machine for profiled tools) and the special control templates (obtained on templates milling machine F. Studer) [. This paper presents the method of obtaining of the gear hobbing cutter profile by adjusting the corresponding shape of the abrasive disc to optimize the grinding conditions [. It is recomended the method which use the changing of the rack reference imposed by technical and functional conditions [7,8,.

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38

Yu, Tao, Su Yu Wang, Xiu Long Chen, and Yun Xiao Fan. "A New Method for Profiling Gear Plunge Shaving Cutter on Gear Shaving Machine." Key Engineering Materials 407-408 (February 2009): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.407-408.28.

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Анотація:

The gear plunge shaving process is a widely used process for soft finishing of gears in the gear manufacturing industry. But it is difficult and expensive to profile plunge shaving cutter, because the cutter must be ground by a cone grinding wheel on a special grinder. A new method, profiling gear shaving cutter on the shaving machine, i.e. a CBN dressing gear which has the same parameters with the machined gear is clamped in place of the workpiece on the shaving machine and profiling the cutter in shaving process, is put forward. Meshing and Tooth contact analysis of shaving cutter profiling has been considered. Meshing equation of profiling process and equation of shaving cutter gear blank after profiling are obtained. Experiment testified that it is an applied method and has many advantages.

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39

Shi, Xiaochun, and Weidong He. "Finite Element Analysis and Tooth Profile Modification Study on Traction Gear of High Speed and Heavy Load Locomotive." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (October 7, 2015): 900–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01509010900.

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Анотація:

Base on the characteristics of high-speed and heavy-load locomotive traction gear, a pre-grinding hob was designed which increased the thickness of the dangerous tooth root section as much as possible. The deformation and stress of the traction gears were calculated through the parameterized model established by finite element method. The tooth profile modification was implemented considering three locomotive working conditions including starting, sustain, and rapid operation. Finally, the related tests verified that the optimized transmission gear was in accordance the design requirements, the effect was good.

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40

Liu, L., and Y. H. Huang. "Spiral involutes and their application in gear transmission." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 225, no. 12 (June 28, 2011): 2981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211408782.

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Анотація:

Involute helical gears mesh based on the intersections of involute helicoids. However, spiral involutes on the tooth surface do not participate in meshing directly. A new type of gear drive, the spiral involute gear drive, is proposed that works on the contact of spiral involutes. The generation of tooth profile is introduced in detail. Through relative-stagnation method, spiral involutes prove to have conjugation characteristics. To testify whether the transmission ratio of cylindrical spiral involute gears is constant, simulation is implemented in commercial codes ADAMS based on solid models of a pair of spiral involute gears. The computed results show that this novel gear drive can achieve a constant transmission ratio. Due to transmission with uniform velocity, cylindrical spiral involute gears can be used in transmission between intersecting axes. Milling and grinding apply to manufacturing of spiral involute gears.

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41

Geilert, Philip, Carsten Heinzel, and André Wagner. "Grinding Fluid Jet Characteristics and Their Effect on a Gear Profile Grinding Process." Inventions 2, no. 4 (October 25, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions2040027.

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42

Huang, Yin Hui, and Liu Lei. "Spiral Involutes and its Application in Gear Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.106.

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Анотація:

Involute helical gears mesh based on the intersections of involute helicoids. However, spiral involutes on the tooth surface do not participate in meshing directly. A new type of gear drive, the spiral involute gear drive is proposed that works on contact of spiral involutes. The generation of tooth profile is introduced in detail. Through relative-stagnation method spiral involutes prove to have conjugation characteristics. To testify whether the transmission ratio of cylindrical spiral involute gears is constant, simulation is implemented in commercial codes ADAMS based on solid models of a pair of spiral involute gears. The computed results show that this novel gear drive can achieve a constant transmission ratio. Due to transmission with uniform velocity, cylindrical spiral involute gears can be used in transmission between intersecting axes, so that generating milling and generating grinding can be achieved.

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43

Kang, Jing, and L. N. Guan. "Fuzzy Control in Profile Envelope Process of Form Cutter for Involute Gear and its Movement Control." Advanced Materials Research 24-25 (September 2007): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.24-25.265.

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Анотація:

In profile envelope process of form cutter for involute gear, the grinding depth is variable which causes grinding force to change on a large scale and the profile error of envelope to increase. To improve form cutter accuracy, a closed-loop control system was designed to accomplish control of envelope process. For complicated dynamic process, fuzzy controller is used to adjust parameters online. By measuring grinding force, characteristic information of grinding process is acquired. Regulation factor of feed rate is determined by grinding force ratio, force deviation and its change rate used as evaluation indexes. Thus, fuzzy control of constant force grinding process is accomplished. Simulation and cutter grinding test indicates that the system has high precision and stability, and reduces cutter error effectively.

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44

Liu, Jialan, Chi Ma, Hongquan Gui, and Mengyuan Li. "Geometric-thermal error control system for gear profile grinding machine." Advanced Engineering Informatics 52 (April 2022): 101618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2022.101618.

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45

Huang, Deng Hong, Zhi Yong Wang, and Shui Qin Yu. "Second-Order Proportional Modification Parameters for Spiral Bevel Gears Manufactured by Spread Blade Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 394 (September 2013): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.394.237.

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Анотація:

The proportional modification parameters are useful for compensating the tooth form errors of spiral bevel gears. Based on the mathematical model for calculating the machine setting parameters and according to the relative position relationship between cutter and workpiece, the formulae for calculating the second-order proportional modification parameters for gears manufactured by spread blade method was deduced by the curvature and normal vector at calculation point. The proportional modification parameters can make the lengthwise curvature or profile curvature or lengthwise twist curvature of the concave and convex flank produce uniform change or difference change. The formulae is verified by experiment on CNC spiral bevel gear grinding machine and M&M sigma 7 gear measuring center.

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46

Máté, Márton, and Dénes Hollanda. "About the Profile Accuracy of the Involute Gear Hob." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Electrical and Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auseme-2017-0006.

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Abstract Gear hobs are the most widely and frequently used gear cutting tools. During the time passed between the moment of invention (Schiele, 1876) and the present, gear hobs reached a considerable evolution regarding the geometry, the profile of the edge, the relieving technologies finalizing in the latest constructive and design solutions. This paper deals with the calculus of the edge profile in the case the basic worm of the hob has involute helicoid surfaces. In order to obtain a constant grinding allowance on the relief faces of the gear hob teeth it is necessary to compute the edge of the roughing relieving cutter. The equations are deduced considering that the provenience involute worm is a one teethed helical gear with shifted profile. The presented mathematical model proves that linearizing the relieving cutter profile is not an adequate solution if aspiring to higher precision.

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47

Zyzak, Piotr, Paweł Kobiela, Arnold Brożek, and Marek Gabryś. "The influence of the profile-dividing grinding strategy on the surface accuracy and roughness of a gear teeth." Mechanik 91, no. 8-9 (September 10, 2018): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.8-9.119.

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In the paper are presented investigation results of an effects of adopted strategy of profile-dividing grinding of a cylindrical gear teeth, performed on the Rapid Höfler 900 grinder, on machining accuracy and surface roughness of the teeth. The strategies have taken into considerations changes in the following parameters determining obtained results of the grinding: number of passes, number of leads, shaping method of the grinding wheel.

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48

Zhang, Guo Xing, Zhi Yong Hu, Shao Hua Qian, Zhi De Wang, and Yong Zhi Gong. "Grinding Cutter Design of Involute Straight Bevel Gear Based on Central Projection Method." Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (July 2011): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.939.

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In order to establish precise grinding cutter model of straight bevel gear, this study projects the spherical involute that forms tooth profile of bevel gear into the involute of circle approximately, and makes a simulation model database of bevel gear according to the principle of mechanical design on the basis of CAD mapping software. With the central projection method, processing devices and cutters of involute straight bevel gear can also be designed which has no concern with modulus. The results show that the establishment of simulation database and processing cutters can greatly facilitate the design and processing of straight bevel gear, greatly reduce the design and finishing costs, and is also helpful to teaching training of gear.

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49

Peng, Xian Long, Zong De Fang, and Jin Ke Jiang. "Load Tooth Contact Analysis for Double-Crowned Face Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.517.

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Анотація:

In order to further reduce sensitivity to misalignments not only double crowned pinion but also profile and longitudinal geometry modified face gear have been studied. The profile geometry modification were realized by application of rack cutters, and applied parabolic motion of the center of grinding disk for the pinion and face gear longitudinal crowning. Tooth contact analysis (TAC) and Load Tooth contact analysis (LTCA) have been performed to simulate the meshing and contact of double-crowned face gear driver. The further avoidance of edge contact in presence of big magnitude misalignment was illustrated with numerical examples.

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50

Huang, Chao, and Guo Long Li. "The Computation of Grinding Parameters for the Modified Shaper Cutter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2701.

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Grinding process is regarded as the most effective way to generate the tooth profile of spur shaper cutter. However, for the purpose of generating a tip chamfer of gear, the semi-topping is always required on the tooth surface of shaper cutter, which is difficult to process by grinding wheel. This paper proposes a method to compute the profile of grinding wheel which is used to process the spur shaper cutter with a semi–topping. Firstly, translate the points on the surface of shaper cutter into auxiliary rack; Secondly, building the relationship between the coordinate system of grinding wheel and coordinate system of auxiliary rack; Lastly, the points on the surface of auxiliary rack are translated into the coordinate system of grinding wheel based on the relative motion between the grinding wheel and shaper cutter.

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