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Дисертації з теми "Profilage protéomique"
Michaud, François-Thomas. "Profilage protéomique par analyse multivariée de signaux LCMS appliqué en ingénierie cellulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26366/26366.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDelamarre, Adèle. "Stéatopathie métabolique et carcinome hépatocellulaire : prédiction de la carcinogenèse à la réponse au traitement par profilage protéomique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0169.
Повний текст джерелаMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is responsible for up to 35% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) worldwide and is the leading cause of liver transplantation for HCC in the United States. Unlike other etiologies, a third of MASH-driven HCC develop in non-cirrhotic livers, thereby escaping screening recommendations restricted to cirrhotic patients, and leading to late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Systematic screening is not feasible due to the high number of patients, and there is currently no predictive marker for HCC development. Moreover, in case of advanced HCC, the only available treatments are palliative systemic therapies. After years of monotherapy with sorafenib, the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab, which includes immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic treatment, is now recommended as first-line treatment. However, the response rate remains restricted to 30%, few patients have access to second-line treatment, and there are no predictive factors of response. Tissue proteomic profiling by mass spectrometry is a comprehensive and unbiased approach adapted to these complex issues. It enabled our team to identify a predictive signature of non-response to atezolizumab/bevacizumab associated with a metabolic shift.During my PhD, my first aim was to identify a proteomic signature of prediction of MASH-driven HCC and to study pathways involved in carcinogenesis. The second aim was to validate in a 3D cellular model the implication of decreased oxidative metabolism in resistance to atezolizumab/bevacizumab.Firstly, we conducted a retrospective study on liver biopsies from 20 MASH patients: 11 patients who developed HCC within 15 years following their initial biopsy (group 1, with a median time from biopsy to HCC of 7.70 years) and 9 control patients (group 2). The patients were similar in clinical and histological terms. We obtained a proteomic signature of HCC prediction consisting in 330 significantly deregulated proteins, which allowed differentiation between the two groups. This proteomic signature was validated in a cohort of 13 new patients. Among these 330 proteins, prothymosin alpha (PTMA) was significantly overexpressed in group 1, with the highest ratio between the two groups. PTMA is overexpressed in many cancers including HCC and is involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance pathways, making it a relevant candidate. Functional validation of PTMA is ongoing in a cellular model of MASH.Secondly, we developed a model of immune infiltration within an HCC spheroid and mimicked the metabolic shift of non-responder patients with a pharmacological inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory chain. We demonstrated a decrease in immune infiltration in treated spheroids, which may contribute to the reduced efficacy of immunotherapy in these patients.Our proteomic signature yields promising results for predicting MASH-driven HCC, highlighting a potential early involvement of PTMA. Investigating the role of PTMA and other identified targets could open research avenues for preventing tumor development. External validation of this signature in a larger cohort will be necessary before clinical application, in order to optimize HCC screening in MASH patients. The second part of this thesis identifies a mechanism of HCC resistance to atezolizumab/bevacizumab. This approach could be extended to all first-line treatments of HCC, paving the way for personalized medicine and future research to enhance treatment efficacy
Chocu, Sophie. "Découverte de nouvelles protéines impliquées dans la spermatogenèse chez le rat." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S064/document.
Повний текст джерелаSpermatogenesis in mammals is a complex biological function including cellular processes such as proliferation, meiosis and differentiation, aiming to the production of male gametes in the testis. If the seminiferous epithelium is well described in terms of organization and cellular morphology of cells that compose it, the processes by which undifferentiated diploid germ cells enter meiosis and give haploid cells that undergo many morphological transformations, are not fully decrypted. These processes rely on the coordinated and sequential expression of genes, including specific products for each stage of germ cell development These gene products are essential at each key stage of spermatogenesis. Transcriptomics since the 1990s, and proteomics since the 2000s have contributed to the improved. understanding of these mechanisms. A long term proteomic study aiming at characterizing the proteomes of Sertoli cells and germ cells, and a recent study that characterized and quantified the transcriptome of isolated rat testicular cells at high resolution using de novo sequencing of transcripts (RNA-Seq), have been the basis of my thesis work. The latter study showed the accumulation of long non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and testicular unannotated transcripts (TUTs) at meiotic and post-Meiotic stages of spermatogenesis in the rat. In this context, my thesis work aimed at validating the coding potential of many genes expressed in germ cells using RNA-Seq combined with shotgun proteomics, a so-Called PIT (Proteomics Informed by transcriptomics) approach. In this approach, the protein sequences translated from the transcripts assembled by RNA-Seq in the different testicular cell types are integrated into a custom database of protein sequences used to query mass spectrometry data obtained from proteins of meiotic and post-Meiotic cells. The PIT approach showed that 69 TUTs or lncRNA (corresponding to 44 loci) code for proteins in meiotic cells and post meiotic cells, and we confirmed experimentally the meiotic and post-Meiotic expression for two new transcripts encoding for VAMP9, a protein of the SNARE family, and a new testicular enolase T-ENOL. The post-Meiotic expression of T-ENOL protein was confirmed by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody raised against the recombinant protein. This approach also allowed us to identify new isoforms of known proteins, specific to each stage of spermatogenesis. Germ cells and Sertoli cells maintain a dialogue which is necessary to the success of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. Another part of my work aimed at identifying membrane proteins, in germ cells and residual bodies, that may be involved in the dialogue between Sertoli cells and germ cells, using a ICPL relative quantification proteomic approach. The ICPL analysis enabled us to establish a list of 166 proteins whose expression is differential between pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids and residual bodies. Their differential expression suggests that these proteins may play a role in spermiogenesis. Thanks to the Gene Ontology annotations, a list of 8 proteins with a putative role in signal transduction, cell recognition or differentiation, thus potentially involved in the dialogue between Sertoli and germ cells was drawn. In addition, I provided a first proteome of rat Sertoli cells, germ cells and residual bodies obtained by shotgun proteomics
Debaene, François. "Small molecule microarray : New tool to profile enzymatic activity on a proteomic scale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/DEBAENE_Francois_2007.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMicroarray has become an indispensable technology in postgenomic research area and allows for high throughput screening of several thousand analytes in few microliters. Several strategies have been developed to immobilize small molecules or antibodies on this format for drug discovery or for diagnostic tool. The peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-encoded small molecule library strategy allows for combinatorial libraries synthesize in a split and mix format to be organized into microarray by a self-sorting assembly. This methodology enables enzyme activity screening without a priori knowledge of the target in complex mixture such as crude cell lysates. Peptide and PNA chemistries were developed to synthesize and screen on a microarray format 3 generations of PNA-encoded inhibitor libraries targeting several protease families. Those libraries are presenting 625 to 4000 mechanism based inhibitors individually labelled with a PNA sequences that encodes the structure of a tetrapeptide inhibitor and its specific localisation onto a microarray. Substantial efforts on optimizing microarray spotting as well as signal detection and hybridization conditions presented in this thesis gives to PNA-encoded strategy a sensitive and specific format to quantify enzymatic activities and identify substrate specificities. The PNA-encoded strategy has been used to profiling enzyme activity from allergenic dustmite extract as well as to detect substrate specificities of purified enzyme samples. Identified inhibitors showed to be specific enough to decipher closely related activities of enzyme from the same family, and on the other hand, to identify the inhibitor’s target enzyme by affinity column coupled to mass spectrometry. Finally, identified inhibitors can be used to knock down the activity of an enzyme and evaluate its correlation to a phenotype. This strategy is to date the only functional methodology that enable to profile enzyme activity with inhibitors in a miniaturized format
Spahis, Schohraya. "Physiopathologies cardiométaboliques associées à l'obésité : mécanismes sous-jacents et thérapie nutritionnelle." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21832.
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