Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Profilage de suspects"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Profilage de suspects".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Статті в журналах з теми "Profilage de suspects"
1
Azhari, Gabriel, Shamam Waldman, Netanel Ofer, Yosi Keller, Shai Carmi, and Gur Yaari. "Decomposition of Individual SNP Patterns from Mixed DNA Samples." Forensic Sciences 2, no. 3 (July 5, 2022): 455–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2030034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have great potential to identify individuals, family relations, biogeographical ancestry, and phenotypic traits. In many forensic situations, DNA mixtures of a victim and an unknown suspect exist. Extracting SNP profiles from suspect’s samples can be used to assist investigation or gather intelligence. Computational tools to determine inclusion/exclusion of a known individual from a mixture exist, but no algorithm for extraction of an unknown SNP profile without a list of suspects is available. Here, we present an advanced haplotype-based HMM algorithm (AH-HA), a novel computational approach for extracting an unknown SNP profile from whole genome sequencing (WGS) of a two-person mixture. AH-HA utilizes techniques similar to the ones used in haplotype phasing. It constructs the inferred genotype as an imperfect mosaic of haplotypes from a reference panel of the target population. It outperforms more simplistic approaches, maintaining high performance through a wide range of sequencing depths (500×–5×). AH-HA can be applied in cases of victim–suspect mixtures and improves the capabilities of the investigating forces. This approach can be extended to more complex mixtures with more donors and less prior information, further motivating the development of SNP-based forensics technologies.
2
Rattan, Suzan Amana, and Didar Sddeq Anwar. "Comparison of corneal epithelial thickness profile in dry eye patients, keratoconus suspect, and healthy eyes." European Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 6 (August 27, 2020): 1506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672120952034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: To compare the corneal epithelial thickness profile in patients with dry eyes and keratoconus suspect with normal healthy eyes. Methods: The study involved 120 eyes with an age range from 19 to 30 years. Forty eyes had normal corneal topography and no dry eyes. Forty eyes had dry eyes but had normal corneal topography. The last 40 eyes were keratoconus suspect and had no symptoms or signs of dry eyes. Results: Central epithelial thickness was not different statistically for all eyes. ( p-value: 0.1). The superior epithelial thickness was 53.5 µm ±3.1 in the control group, 53.4 µm ±3.5 in the dry eye group, and 53.6 µm ±2.8 in the keratoconus suspect group. No statistically significant difference was found ( p-value = 0.7). The inferior epithelial thickness was 55.7 µm ±3.5 in the control, 57.2 µm ±3.19 in the dry eyes, and 52.2 µm ±3.12 in the KC suspects. There was inferior thickening in the dry eyes and thinning in the KC suspects and this was statistically significant ( p-value < 0.01). Minimum epithelial thickness was 52.8 µm ±2.91 in the control and 53.2 µm ±3.51 in the dry eyes and it was located superiorly for both groups. In the KC suspects, the minimum thickness was 52.3 µm ±3.19 and was located inferiorly. Conclusion: In our study the epithelium appears to be thicker inferiorly in dry eyes and thinner in KC suspects. Displacement of thinnest location on epithelial map may be a helpful early sign of keratoconus. However, follow-up study is necessary to confirm the thinnest location displacement helped in this diagnosis.
3
Worrall, John L., Stephen A. Bishopp, Scott C. Zinser, Andrew P. Wheeler, and Scott W. Phillips. "Exploring Bias in Police Shooting Decisions With Real Shoot/Don’t Shoot Cases." Crime & Delinquency 64, no. 9 (March 8, 2018): 1171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718756038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The controversy surrounding recent high-profile police shootings (e.g., Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri; Laquan McDonald in Chicago) has prompted inquiry into the possible existence of bias in officers’ use-of-force decisions. Using a balanced mix of shoot/don’t shoot cases from a large municipal police department in the Southwestern United States, this study analyzed the effect of suspect race on officers’ decisions to shoot—while accounting for other theoretically relevant factors. Findings suggest that Black suspects were not disproportionately the target of police shootings; Black suspects were approximately one third as likely to be shot as other suspects. This finding challenges the current bias narrative and is consistent with the other race-related findings in recently published research.
4
Rodríguez, John Ibañez, Santiago Rocha Durán, Daniel Díaz-López, Javier Pastor-Galindo, and Félix Gómez Mármol. "C3-Sex: A Conversational Agent to Detect Online Sex Offenders." Electronics 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111779.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prevention of cybercrime is one of the missions of Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA) aiming to protect and guarantee sovereignty in the cyberspace. In this regard, online sex crimes are among the principal ones to prevent, especially those where a child is abused. The paper at hand proposes C3-Sex, a smart chatbot that uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to interact with suspects in order to profile their interest regarding online child sexual abuse. This solution is based on our Artificial Conversational Entity (ACE) that connects to different online chat services to start a conversation. The ACE is designed using generative and rule-based models in charge of generating the posts and replies that constitute the conversation from the chatbot side. The proposed solution also includes a module to analyze the conversations performed by the chatbot and calculate a set of 25 features that describes the suspect’s behavior. After 50 days of experiments, the chatbot generated a dataset with 7199 profiling vectors with the features associated to each suspect. Afterward, we applied an unsupervised method to describe the results that differentiate three groups, which we categorize as indifferent, interested, and pervert. Exhaustive analysis is conducted to validate the applicability and advantages of our solution.
5
Ballard, David, and Anastasia Aliferi. "The AGCT murders: putting epigenetics on the stand." Biochemist 39, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03905024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Criminal investigations can rely heavily on DNA evidence and, while matching a DNA profile with that of a suspect or a previous offender might sound like a simple task, real life cases are often much more complicated. What happens when more context is required than a simple profile match, or when there is no match at all? Can DNA give us more information than we have suspected? Is epigenetics the elementary answer to our questions, my dear Watson?
6
Kirillova, Tat'yana, and Aleksander Rogov. "Suicidal behavior of suspected, accused and convicted persons – a study." Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior 2022, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2022-2-164-180.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The analysis of the suicides committed in 2015-2020 according to the data of the Office of educational, social, and psychological work in the system of Russian Federal Penal Correction Service (FPCS) proves that the rate of suicides in the prison system is still higher than countrywide.
The goal of the research is to study the suicides committed by the suspects, accused, and convicted persons.
Methods. The research has been based on the analysis of the reviews and other technical materials offered by the FPCS concerning suicide preventions measures among the suspects, accused, and convicted persons in the prison system.
Results. The authors have researched the personal characteristics of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons who committed suicides, the circumstances, and conditions of the suicides. To achieve this, the authors analyzed the data gathered in the prison system in case of suspect, accused, and convicted persons suicides (case records, internal review findings), as well as the results of psychological testing of the suspects, accused, and convicted who committed suicides in the Russian prison system in 2020. As a part of the study the authors gathered information on the suspects, accused and convicted persons who committed suicide.
The authors have researched a phenomenon of a suicidal behavior of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons. In the theoretical and empirical study, they review both the scientific papers on the suicidal behavior and the FPCS guidelines on prevention of the suicidal behavior of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons. The authors propose measures on preventing of the suicidal behavior of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons.
The authors created a profile of the persons committing suicide accounting for their demographic characteristics, their criminal past, and their status in the prison system, considering their psychological status, conditions, and circumstances of the suicide.
To form a correlation matrix, the authors have used objective and subjective characteristics of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons who committed suicide. As the result of the correlation analysis, the authors have found a statistically strong connection (r = 0,092; p ≥ 0,05) between the objective and subjective characteristics.
Following the founded statistically significant connection, the authors conclude that demographic characteristic and the criminal past of the convicted relate to their suicidal tendencies and may led to the committing of the suicide.
The results of the correlation analysis have been used to formulate the recommendations for the suicidal behavior prevention among the convicted persons.
The authors have attempted to find a connection between the suicidal behavior and the personal characteristics of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons mentioned in their registry files, and demonstrate the incidence of the certain traits of the suicidal persons. Using content-analysis of the registry files, the authors have chosen the most frequently mentioned personal traits in the psychological profiles of the persons who committed suicides.
The interviews with the workers of the FPCS Interregional office of psychological work have shown an additional proof of the hypothesis that the results of the psychological tests correlate with the results of the profile analysis of the suicidal persons and supplement them.
The authors have also analyzed the conditions, and circumstances of the suicides, proposed potential directions of the psychological prevention of the suicidal behavior of the suspect, accused, and convicted persons.
Practical significance. Implementation of the study findings by the personnel of the prison system in the field of prevention of the suicidal behavior of the suspects, accused, and convicted persons.
7
James, Lois, Stephen James, and Bryan Vila. "Does the “reverse racism effect” withstand the test of police officer fatigue?" Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 40, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-01-2016-0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Policing faces several critical problems, the most immediate of which are arguably public perceptions of racial bias, and widely prevalent officer fatigue related to shift work and long work hours. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the “reverse racism effect” still occurred when officers were extremely fatigued. Design/methodology/approach Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted during which experienced police patrol officers responded to black and white suspects in deadly force judgment and decision-making simulations on two occasions; once immediately following the last of five consecutive 10:40 hours patrol shifts (fatigued condition) and again 72 hours after completing the last shift in a cycle (rested condition). Findings Contrary to expectations, the authors found that officer fatigue did not significantly affect shooting behavior. Furthermore, the authors did not find a significant interaction between officer fatigue and suspect race on either reaction time to shoot or the likelihood of shooting an unarmed suspect. Thus, the reverse racism effect was observed both when officers were rested and fatigued. Research limitations/implications As policing agencies around the country respond to allegations of racial bias, both the public and police search for empirical evidence about whether negative perceptions are accurate about officers’ motivations in deadly encounters. The research reported here provides insight about how fatigue effects officers’ decisions to shoot black vs white suspects, and directly addresses this high profile and divisive national issue. Originality/value This is the first valid experimental test of the impact of fatigue on officer shooting behavior, and the interaction between police fatigue and suspect race on decisions to shoot.
8
Guo, Naixuan, Junzhou Luo, Zhen Ling, Ming Yang, Wenjia Wu, and Xiaodan Gu. "A Novel IM Sync Message-Based Cross-Device Tracking." Security and Communication Networks 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8891664.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cybercrime is significantly growing as the development of internet technology. To mitigate this issue, the law enforcement adopts network surveillance technology to track a suspect and derive the online profile. However, the traditional network surveillance using the single-device tracking method can only acquire part of a suspect’s online activities. With the emergence of different types of devices (e.g., personal computers, mobile phones, and smart wearable devices) in the mobile edge computing (MEC) environment, one suspect can employ multiple devices to launch a cybercrime. In this paper, we investigate a novel cross-device tracking approach which is able to correlate one suspect’s different devices so as to help the law enforcement monitor a suspect’s online activities more comprehensively. Our approach is based on the network traffic analysis of instant messaging (IM) applications, which are typical commercial service providers (CSPs) in the MEC environment. We notice a new habit of using IM applications, that is, one individual logs in the same account on multiple devices. This habit brings about devices’ receiving sync messages, which can be utilized to correlate devices. We choose five popular apps (i.e., WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, WeChat, QQ, and Skype) to prove our approach’s effectiveness. The experimental results show that our approach can identify IM messages with high F1-scores (e.g., QQ’s PC message is 0.966, and QQ’s phone message is 0.924) and achieve an average correlating accuracy of 89.58% of five apps in an 8-people experiment, with the fastest correlation speed achieved in 100 s.
9
Dr. B. S. Yadav, Prof. "Clinical and Angiographic Profile of Suspected Coronary Artery Disease Patients in Central India." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 06 (June 22, 2017): 23670–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i6.144.
Повний текст джерела
10
Honaker, Jeremy, Dorothy Brockopp, and Krista Moe. "Suspected Deep Tissue Injury Profile." Advances in Skin & Wound Care 27, no. 3 (March 2014): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.asw.0000443267.25288.87.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Profilage de suspects"
1
Chaker, Jade. "Développements analytiques pour la caractérisation non-ciblée et par profilage de suspects de l’exposome chimique dans le plasma et le sérum humain par LC-ESI-HRMS : optimisation et implémentation d’un workflow haut débit pour l’identification de nouveaux biomarqueurs d’exposition dans le plasma et le sérum sanguins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, École des hautes études en santé publique, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022HESP0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’exposition chronique à des mélanges complexes de contaminants chimiques (xénobiotiques) est suspectée de contribuer à la survenue de certaines maladies chroniques. Encouragées par le développement de la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution (SMHR) et l’émergence du concept d’exposome, des méthodes analytiques non-ciblées commencent à voir le jour pour caractériser l’exposition humaine aux xénobiotiques sans a priori. Ces méthodes innovantes pourraient ainsi permettre un changement d’échelle pour identifier de nouveaux facteurs de risque chimiques dans des études épidémiologiques. Ces approches présentent néanmoins plusieurs verrous, en lien, entre autres, avec la présence des contaminants à l’état de trace dans des matrices biologiques. Une optimisation de chaque étape analytique (préparation d’échantillon) et bio-informatique (prétraitement des données, annotation) est donc indispensable pour surmonter ces limites. L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’implémenter un workflow non-ciblé applicable aux études épidémiologiques pour apporter une solution opérationnelle à la caractérisation de l’exposome chimique interne à large échelle. Les développements effectués ont permis de proposer un workflow de préparation d’échantillon simple à mettre en œuvre et s’appuyant sur deux méthodes complémentaires pour élargir significativement l’espace chimique visible (jusqu’à 80% de marqueurs spécifiques à une méthode). L’optimisation de logiciels de prétraitement des données, réalisée pour la première fois dans un contexte exposomique, a permis de démontrer la nécessité d’ajuster certains paramètres pour assurer la détection des xénobiotiques à l’état de trace. Le développement d’un logiciel pour automatiser les approches de profilage de suspects avec des prédicteurs MS1, ainsi que le développement d’indices de confiance a permis de prioriser les marqueurs pertinents pour la curation manuelle. Une application à large échelle sur 125 échantillons de sérum de la cohorte Pélagie a permis de démontrer la robustesse et la sensibilité de ce nouveau workflow, ainsi que d’enrichir l’exposome chimique documenté avec la mise en évidence de nouveaux biomarqueurs d’expositionChronic exposure to complex mixtures of chemical contaminants (xenobiotics) is suspected to contribute to the onset of chronic diseases. The technological advances high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), as well as the concept of exposome, have set the stage for the development of new non-targeted methods to characterize human exposure to xenobiotics without a priori. These innovative approaches may therefore allow changing scale to identify chemical risk factors in epidemiological studies. However, non-targeted approaches are still subject to a number of barriers, partly linked to the presence of these xenobiotics at trace levels in biological matrices. An optimization of every analytical (i.e. sample preparation) and bioinformatical (i.e. data processing, annotation) step of the workflow is thus required. The main objective of this work is to implement an HRMS-based non-targeted workflow applicable to epidemiological studies, to provide an operational solution to characterize the internal chemical exposome at a large scale. The undertaken developments allowed proposing a simple sample preparation workflow based on two complementary methods to expand the visible chemical space (up to 80% of features specific to one method). The optimization of various data processing tools, performed for the first time in an exposomics context, allowed demonstrating the necessity to adjust key parameters to accurately detect xenobiotics. Moreover, the development of a software to automatize suspect screening approaches using MS1 predictors, and of algorithms to compute confidence indices, allowed efficiently prioritizing features for manual curation. A large-scale application of this optimized workflow on 125 serum samples from the Pélagie cohort allowed demonstrating the robustness and sensitivity of this new workflow, and enriching the documented chemical exposome with the uncovering of new biomarkers of exposure
2
Funicelli, Michel. "Personality, Competency and Communicative Suspiciousness Profile of Canadian Police Interrogators of Criminal Suspects." Thesis, 2012. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/974616/4/Funicelli_MA_F2012.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A confession in a criminal investigation is a prosecution’s most potent weapon and is sometimes the best available evidence. Identifying the profile of an effective interrogator may improve interview performance and personnel selection. Data concerning personality, interviewing competency, and communicative suspicion was collected from 29 police interrogators employed with large police forces across Canada. Interrogators reported on the outcome of their interrogations of suspects over a six-month period. It was expected that interrogators who obtain a positive outcome (full confession, partial admission, cleared innocent) would likely score high on four of the five factors of the NEO-PI, but low on N; would tend to score high on all dimensions of the competency scale (C-T, CNR, DI and Co), except for the Be scale; and would score moderately on the communicative suspiciousness measure. Results indicated a significant but inverse relationship between interrogation outcome and two pairs of variables: Conscientiousness and Careful-Tenacious, and Extroversion and Careful-Tenacious, each accounting for nearly 25% of the variance. A suppression effect is present. The knowledge gained from this experiment will assist police forces in Canada with the identification and selection process of two main groups of police officers, investigators who are called upon to interrogate persons suspected of having committed serious criminal activities and polygraph operators.
3
Gillespie, Roy Tamejen. "The best practices applied by forensic investigators in conducting lifestyle audits on white collar crime suspects." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14383.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research looks at the best practices applied by forensic investigators in conducting lifestyle audits on white collar crime suspects. The researcher explored, firstly, how a lifestyle audit relates to white collar crime investigations; secondly, the best practices in performing lifestyle audits on white collar crime suspects, and lastly, the various sources of information available to forensic investigators when conducting a lifestyle audit of a white collar crime suspect.
As lifestyle audits will serve as an investigative tool in future forensic investigations into white collar crime, this study’s aim was to understand and create an awareness of the current best practices applied by forensic investigators within private sector forensic investigation practices while conducting lifestyle audits during white collar crime investigations. It also makes available research data regarding the concept of lifestyle audits in white collar crime investigations, the implementation of these audits, the benefits, and the best practices of these audits.
The general purpose of this study was to provide practical recommendations on the best practices for lifestyle audits for forensic investigators within private sector.Criminology
M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
Книги з теми "Profilage de suspects"
1
Allsop, Cheryl. Developments in DNA Profiling Techniques and Technologies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747451.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter provides a brief history of developments in genetic profiling, noting the advances in profiling techniques from the initial discovery by Sir Alec Jeffreys of what was then termed DNA ‘fingerprinting’ through to familial searching (that is, the ability to search the NDNAD for the DNA profile of potential close relatives of a suspect when the suspect’s DNA is not on the NDNAD). An overview of what DNA is, noting how individuals are identified and differentiated from each other, is explained in order to demonstrate how these progressive advances have benefited cold case reviews.
2
Service, U. S. Customs, ed. Concerned citizens to report possible drug smuggling activities: Profile of aircraft suspected of illegal activity. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Customs Service, 1989.
Знайти повний текст джерела
3
Turow, Scott. Silent Witness. Edited by Henry Erlich, Eric Stover, and Thomas J. White. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190909444.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forensic DNA evidence has helped convict the guilty, exonerate the wrongfully convicted, identify victims of genocide, and reunite families torn apart by war and repressive regimes. Yet many of the scientific, legal, and ethical concepts that underpin forensic DNA evidence remain unclear to the general public; judges; prosecutors; defense attorneys; and students of law, forensic sciences, ethics, and genetics. This book examines the history and development of DNA forensics; its applications in the courtroom and humanitarian settings; and the relevant scientific, legal, and psychosocial issues. It describes the DNA technology used to compare the genetic profile of a crime scene sample to that of a suspect, as well as the statistical interpretation of a match. It also reviews how databases can be searched to identify suspects and how DNA evidence can be used to exonerate the wrongfully convicted. Recent developments in DNA technology are reviewed, as are strategies for analyzing samples with multiple contributors. The book recounts how the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo searched for children kidnapped during military rule in Argentina, as well as more recent efforts to locate missing children in El Salvador. Other chapters examine the role that DNA forensics played in the identification of victims of genocide in Bosnia and of terrorism in the post-9/11 era. Social anthropologists, legal scholars, and scientists explore current applications of DNA analysis in human trafficking and mass catastrophes; border policies affecting immigration; and the ethical issues associated with privacy, informed consent, and the potential misuse of genetic data.
Частини книг з теми "Profilage de suspects"
1
Zelechoski, Amanda D., Melinda Wolbransky, and Christina L. Riggs Romaine. "Psychological profile of a murder suspect." In Activities for teaching psychology and law: A guide for instructors., 35–39. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000080-006.
Повний текст джерела
2
Niedermeier, Silvan. "Forced Confessions." In Crime and Punishment in the Jim Crow South, 58–78. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042409.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter studies two high-profile cases in which police officers used torture to extract confessions from black criminal suspects. In these cases, African Americans, aided by prominent white allies and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), appealed to the courts to protest acts of torture, contest forced confessions, and challenge legal discrimination. The chapter places these protests within the context of the “long Civil Rights movement” to illuminate the tensions between the demands of white supremacy and the demands of a “color-blind” law characteristic of the modern bureaucratic state.
3
Bieber, Frederick R. "Forensic DNA Data Banks and Data Mining." In Silent Witness, 67–104. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190909444.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses how comparing the genetic profiles from crime scene evidence with the profiles in a DNA database can identify persons of interest. Forensic data banks contain DNA extracts as well as computerized databases of coded DNA profiles of convicted offenders, arrestees, and crime scene samples. Searching forensic DNA data banks has provided key investigative leads in thousands of criminal investigations. The chapter explains familial searching, the search for a “partial” match of the evidence profile with a database profile, which leads to the identification of a suspect who is related to the individual in the database, and discusses several high-profile cases that have used this strategy. The recent cases solved by searching ancestry-based DNA databases (genealogics or forensic genetic genealogy) are discussed, as are the metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of DNA database mining as well as the legal and policy issues involved in balancing public safety with privacy interests.
4
Coble, Michael, Bruce Budowle, and Henry Erlich. "Analysis of Forensic Mixtures." In Silent Witness, 49–66. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190909444.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 3 discusses the challenges posed by forensic DNA specimens with multiple contributors. These mixed samples from two or more individuals are common in forensic cases, and comparing the profile of a suspect sample with the complex profile of the mixture is one of the most difficult problems in forensic DNA analysis. Mixtures with limited amounts of DNA create particular challenges for interpretation due to the possibility of missing data. The chapter discusses issues with the interpretation of mixed STR profiles, such as “stutter bands” and “allele drop-out.” It reviews specific cases and current approaches to deconvolution of the mixtures, including use of the recently developed software for probability-based statistical analysis of STR profiles and the potential of next generation sequencing. It also examines several statistical approaches to presenting the results of mixture analysis, such as the combined probability of inclusion and the likelihood ratio.
5
Greer, Ian A. "Thrombosis and embolism in pregnancy." In Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, edited by Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, William Ledger, Lynette Denny, and Stergios Doumouchtsis, 206–12. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766360.003.0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Prophylaxis and management of VTE in pregnancy can impact mortality and morbidity. The overall reported incidence of gestational VTE ranges from 0.5 to 2.2 per 1000 maternities with a relative 5–10-fold increase in risk during pregnancy, increasing to a daily risk of 15–35-fold in the puerperium, compared with non-pregnant women of similar age. Risk factors inform the use of thromboprophylaxis usually with low-molecular-weight heparin, which has a better safety profile than unfractionated heparin. VTE can occur at any time in pregnancy, but over 50% of events occur prior to 20 weeks’ gestation. As clinical diagnosis is unreliable, objective assessment is required when there is clinical suspicion of an event. Less than 10% of clinically suspected cases of VTE are confirmed on objective testing. Compression duplex ultrasonography is the first-line investigation for suspected gestational deep venous thrombosis and thoracic imaging with ventilation–perfusion scanning is required for suspected pulmonary embolism. Low-molecular-weight heparin is usually the first choice treatment for gestational VTE based on safety and efficacy.
6
Barber, Robert. "Clinical biomarkers in the diagnosis of dementia." In Oxford Textbook of Old Age Psychiatry, 117–28. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807292.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biomarkers support clinical practice in almost every area of medicine and are increasingly used in the assessment of brain diseases. Their role in the diagnosis of dementia is covered in this chapter. Structural neuroimaging should be considered in all patients with suspected dementia. Functional imaging offers additional insights into the biological activity of the brain, providing estimates of regional cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, dopamine neurotransmission, and amyloid burden. Certain dementias, notably Alzheimer’s disease, also have a characteristic profile of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. The diagnostic roles of these different biomarkers are explored to help guide their application in clinical practice.
7
"Hacker and Non-Attributed State Actors." In Real-Time and Retrospective Analyses of Cyber Security, 75–104. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3979-8.ch003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 3 sets the scene by exploring some challenges from both a technical and societal viewpoint and contrasts situations against an undertow of cyber-attacks. This chapter investigates various cases of how vulnerabilities originating from the software supply chain can have catastrophic outcomes when weaknesses slip through the net such as unpatched software or software misconfigurations during an organization's software maintenance regime. Examples are provided of high-profile hacks, security breaches, and cyber-attacks undertaken by hackers suspected of being affiliated to foreign states. These case studies provide various salient contexts as well as examples of threats, vulnerabilities, and their resultant impacts; ultimately, the consequence of flaws that create vulnerabilities occur through misconfigurations or from unpatched software weaknesses.
8
Kraus, Joe. "Tentacles." In The Kosher Capones, 135–44. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747311.003.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter tracks the growing influence of Lenny Patrick during the 1960s. His notoriety as the man who ran Chicago Jewish organized crime for more than a generation made him an obvious candidate for others' imagination, even if he was not involved in high-profile cases such as the Kennedy assassination. Because he was suspected of having killed so many in his work as a Syndicate operative, he was a character who could be plugged into the stories that others were telling. Casting Patrick as Kennedy’s assassin makes him into a villain who changed the trajectory of American history. It should have been enough that he had changed the trajectory of Chicago Jewish organized crime when he led the Syndicate’s takeover of Benjamin Zuckerman’s operation.
9
Rudkin, Glenda, and Sarah Gardiner. "Anaesthesia and analgesia considerations in breast surgery." In Oxford Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, edited by Rodney Cooter, Nicola R. Dean, and Kieran Horgan, 1151–58. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682874.003.0098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Breast surgery is most commonly conducted for a suspected diagnosis or treatment of cancer. Additionally, cosmetic breast surgery is an increasingly common field particularly in the day-case setting. Both oncological and plastic surgery of the breast varies in site, extent of dissection, surgical technique, and duration of procedure in the context of diverse patient factors (premorbid psychosocial profile, physical habitus, tissue quality, comorbidities). These elements all require careful consideration for the attending anaesthetist and surgical team in order to optimize the patient journey through their recovery in both the acute and long-term periods. In addition to systemic administration, improved postoperative analgesia and subsequent recovery in breast surgery incorporates regional and local anaesthetic techniques. Integral to any surgical setting is a patient-specific pain management plan. This should commence at the time of anaesthesia and continue into the postoperative period. Any risk factors for chronic pain need to be identified and managed early.
10
Mogensen, Jens, and Torsten B. Rasmussen. "Left ventricular non-compaction: diagnosis and clinical management." In ESC CardioMed, 1509–12. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0364.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is characterized by a specific morphological appearance of the myocardium with an inner non-compacted hypertrabeculated layer and deep recesses communicating with the left ventricular cavity, and an outer compacted myocardium. LVNC is a specific morphological finding and may be present in healthy individuals with apparently normal hearts and in patients with various cardiac and systemic conditions including X-linked Barth syndrome, cardiomyopathies, congenital heart diseases, and non-cardiac systemic diseases. Recent investigations have revealed that LVNC may appear as the sole manifestation of disease in carriers of genetic mutations associated with dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Therefore, it is important to consider the possibility of familial disease when diagnosing LVNC and explore the family history of the patient. Clinical screening of relatives should be offered when familial disease is suspected or when LVNC remains unexplained. Anticoagulation should be considered when LVNC appears in patients with impaired systolic function of the left ventricle to avoid formation of thrombi and cardiac embolization following an assessment of the entire risk profile of the individual patient.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Profilage de suspects"
1
Frank, Richard. "SPORS: A Suspect Recommendation System Based on Offenders' Reconstructed Spatial Profile." In 2012 European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference (EISIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eisic.2012.26.
Повний текст джерела
2
Morrison, Gerald L., and Saikishan Suryanarayanan. "DGV’s Accuracy Dependence Upon Laser Beam Intensity Profile." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78245.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Doppler Global Velocimeter (DGV) system was designed for use in high speed rotating equipment at the Turbomachinery Laboratory. Due to the rapidly varying periodic nature of flows inside turbines, compressors, and pumps, it is desirable to use a pulsed laser as the light source. An ND-YAG laser was selected for use based upon the 9 ns pulse duration and the ability for the laser to operate with a 15 MHz light bandwidth which is tunable to the absorption line filter used in the DGV system. However, when applied to the system it was discovered the DGV system did not work properly. The output of a line CCD array used to monitor the laser frequency was closely scrutinized. The light intensity across the laser beam was not Gaussian in nature but contained a very large amount of “noise”. Since the DGV system measures light intensity variations to infer Doppler shifts and hence velocity distributions, the rapidly spatially varying light intensity across the laser beam was suspected as the cause of the system’s inaccuracy. An analysis to quantify how the laser beam light intensity profile noise affects a DGV system accuracy is performed and possible remedies are suggested.
3
Augenstein, Don, Herb Estrada, Ernie Hauser, Ed Madera, Steven Keijers, Frank Bertels, Rudi Hoefnagels, Eric Gorleer, Dirk Beirnaert, and Peter Goorden. "CFD Prediction of Hydraulic Effects on External Ultrasonic Flowmeters: A Case Study." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
External ultrasonic flow meters installed in a nuclear power plant feedwater system were suspected of containing a conservative bias (high reading) despite having been calibrated in a scale model laboratory test. Several independent measures of plant power level indicated that the bias could be as high as 2.0%. The first step in resolving the discrepancy was the construction of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the hydraulic configurations in which the flow meters were tested in the lab. The CFD model closely matched the original calibration test results. The CFD model for real plant geometry including certain upstream hydraulic features predicted calibration changes of the same sign and order of magnitude as the suspected bias. These upstream elements were absent in the original hydraulic model test. As a consequence of this finding, these additional features were included in new hydraulic calibration tests. Some effects predicted by the CFD model were verified and traceably confirmed, while others were contradicted by the data from the new model. Final calibration test results confirmed the presence of a bias, although not of the magnitude originally suspected. The calibration results provide a traceable measurement basis for use of the flow meters within their specified accuracy after correction for the bias. By use of a chordal ultrasonic flowmeter, velocity profile (pointed-ness) and swirl rates were measured during the tests. The tests, together with the velocity profile information from the CFD simulations, provided insights into the errors and omissions in the original calibration model tests and the assumptions on which the model was based. Finally the calibration tests highlight the strengths and limitations of CFD models for work of this kind.
4
Aslanyan, Arthur, Andrey Margarit, Arkadiy Popov, Ivan Zhdanov, Evgeniy Pakhomov, Marat Garnyshev, Danila Gulyaev, and Rushana Farakhova. "Production Performance Analysis of Western Siberia Mature Waterflood with Prime Diagnostic Metrics." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204641-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The paper shares a practical case of production analysis of mature field in Western Siberia with a large stock of wells (> 1,000) and ongoing waterflood project. The main production complications of this field are the thief water production, thief water injection and non-uniform vertical sweep profile. The objective of the study was to analyse the 30-year history of development using conventional production and surveillance data, identify the suspects of thief water production and thief water injection and check the uniformity of the vertical flow profile. Performing such an analysis on well-by-well basis is a big challenge and requires a systematic approach and substantial automation. The majority of conventional diagnostic metrics fail to identify the origin of production complications. The choice was made in favour of production analysis workflow based on PRIME metrics, which automatically generates numerous conventional production performance metrics (including the reallocated production maps and cross-sections) and additionally generates advanced metrics based on automated 3D micro-modelling. This allowed to zoom on the wells with potential complications and understand their production/recovery potential. The PRIME analysis has also helped to identify the wells and areas which potentially may hold recoverable reserves and may benefit from additional well and cross-well surveillance.
5
Loh, S. K., C. Q. Chen, K. H. Yip, A. C. T. Quah, X. Tao, P. T. Ng, G. B. Ang, and S. P. Zhao. "Advanced FIB CE Combined with Static Analysis for Functional Failure Analysis." In ISTFA 2013. ASM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2013p0424.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract It is difficult to simulate functional failures using static analysis tools, therefore, debugging and troubleshooting devices with functional failures present a special challenge for failure analysis (FA) work and often result in a root-cause success rate is quite low. In this paper, the application of advanced FIB circuit edit (CE) processes combined the static FA analysis yielded successful localization of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) device soft failure. Additional FA techniques were incorporated within the FA flow, resulting in characterization of the electrical behavior of a suspected transistor and detection of an abnormal implant profile within the active area.
6
Mu¨ller, Ralf, Konrad Vogeler, Helmut Sauer, and Martin Hoeger. "Endwall Boundary Layer Control in Compressor Cascades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53433.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent investigations have shown a reduction of secondary losses in compressor cascades using a bulb like modification of the profile at the endwall. This paper is focussed on experimental work in comparison of 5 different endwall modifications at a compressor cascade. The cascade is modified near the endwall with a bulb, a medium and a large fillet. The fillet configurations are modified by an axial blunt cut-off at the leading edge. The investigations have been carried out at a profile developed from a hub section of the Dresden Low Speed Research Compressor (LSRC) blade, a compressor profile with a nominal turning of 18 deg. A datum configuration and the 5 other configurations were tested at the Low Speed Cascade Windtunnel (LSCW). For the bulb configuration, an intensified horse shoe vortex was suspected and observed counterrotating to the passage vortex with an influence on its propagation. The interaction of the passage vortex and the suction side profile boundary layer is influenced. The superposition of both is minimized and the losses developing from this effect are significant lower. For the fillet and blunt-fillet configurations, a fillet vortex develops and was observed co-rotating to the passage vortex with an influence on the mentioned interaction as well. Blunt leading edges produce additional losses but the superposition of the growing vortices may reduce the overall losses. The cases show a reduction in losses of 1.9% for 3 deg incidence and a range of 1.2% rise to 1.9% reduction in dependence of the incidence. This equals a reduction of the isolated secondary losses up to 28% with respect to the reference profile. Detailed results of the experiments are presented for the reference and all modified cascades.
7
Pappalardo, F., F. Pieraccini, B. Gavioli, F. Carnaccini, L. Fantini, and L. Rossi. "5PSQ-067 Safety profile of pirfenidone and nintedanib in a real life setting: assessment of suspected adverse drug reactions in the Emilia Romagna region, Italy." In 25th EAHP Congress, 25th–27th March 2020, Gothenburg, Sweden. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-eahpconf.384.
Повний текст джерела
8
Adhikari, Nirmal, Phil Kaszuba, Gaitan Mathieu, Erik McCullen, Thom Hartswick, and Joe Myer. "A Novel Sample Preparation Approach for Dopant Profiling of 14 nm FinFET Devices with Scanning Capacitance Microscopy." In ISTFA 2020. ASM International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2020p0375.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Three-dimensional device (FinFET) doping requirements are challenging due to fin sidewall doping, crystallinity control, junction profile control, and leakage control in the fin. In addition, physical failure analyses of FinFETs can frequently reach a “dead end” with a No Defect Found (NDF) result when channel doping issues are the suspected culprit (e.g., high Vt, low Vt, low gain, sub-threshold leakage, etc.). In new technology development, the lack of empirical dopant profile data to support device and process models and engineering has had, and continues to have, a profound negative impact on these emerging technologies. Therefore, there exists a critical need for dopant profiling in the industry to support the latest technologies that use FinFETs as their fundamental building block [1]. Here, we discuss a novel sample preparation method for cross-sectional dopant profiling of FinFET devices. Our results show that the combination of low voltage (<500eV), shallow angle (~10 degree) ion milling, dry etching, and mechanical polishing provides an adequately smooth surface (Rq<5Å) and minimizes surface amorphization, thereby allowing a strong Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) signal representative of local active dopant (carrier) concentration. The strength of the dopant signal was found to be dependent upon mill rate, electrical contact quality, amorphous layer presence and SCM probe quality. This paper focuses on a procedure to overcome critical issues during sample preparation for dopant profiling in FinFETs.
9
Goveia, Rebeca Mota, Paula Francinete Faustino Silva, Thais Bomfim Teixeira, Isabela Gasparini Arraes, Ruffo Freitas-Júnior, and Elisângela Paula Silveira Lacerda. "ANALYSIS OF PATHOGENIC AND UNCERTAIN SIGNIFICANCE VARIANTS IN NINE GENES OF THE BRCA1-MEDIATED HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION PATHWAY IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED HEREDITARY BREAST AND OVARIAN CANCER SYNDROME IN CENTRAL BRAZIL." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in the world and the biggest cause of female deaths. About 10%–15% of cases are due to hereditary factors. The profile of genetic variants is still scarcely known among the Brazilian population and there are no published data for the central region of the country. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the profile of pathogenic variants (PV) and of the ones of uncertain significance (VUS) for the RAD50, RAD51C, RAD51D, ATM, PALB2, BRIP1, BARD1 and CHEK2 genes in this population. Methods: 113 patients diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer who met the National Comprehensive Cancer Networking criteria for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome were selected. The genes had all regions sequenced using NGS (New Generation Sequencing) and the raw data were evaluated using the Sophia DDM and IonReporter softwares. Results: A total of 3.53% of patients had PV in the PALB2 (c.2257C>T), BARD1 (c.176_177delAG), RAD50 (c.2165dupA) or ATM (c.7913G>A) genes. Patients with pathogenic variants in ATM and PALB2 genes were diagnosed before the age of 40. Patients with pathogenic variants in the BARD1 and RAD50 genes had triple negative breast cancer before the age of 60. The patient with a pathogenic variant in the RAD50 gene also developed ovarian cancer. It was observed that 24.77% of the patients had some VUS, 35.29% of which were in the ATM gene, and a new VUS in the CHEK2 gene (c.1151T>C), related to male breast cancer. Conclusions: These findings contribute to a better understanding of the phenotype of patients with pathogenic variants related to breast cancer in non-BRCA genes. In addition, it reveals a new pathogenic variant in the CHEK2 gene, not described in the literature, related to a case of male breast cancer.
10
Silva, Joao Paste, Catarina Secundino, Tiago Timotio, and Aurea Angelica Paste. "Case report: Medullary cryptococcosis in a immunocompetent patient." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.619.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context: Cryptococcosis is an important fungal infection that, after AIDS development globally, became more common, being an important cause of opportunistic infections. The pathogen normally gets in through the lungs, causes pulmonary infection and then spreads to another systems, particularly the nervous system in most cases. Along the clinical manifestation there was headache, fever, cranial neuropathies, altered mentation, lethargy, memory loss, and signals of meningeal irritation. Case-Report: A 48-year-old male patient with a one-year story of paraparesis in both legs, associated with pain, paresthesia, and progressive worsening to complete walking incapability, seeks medical consultation. Cerebrospinal fluid was turbid appearance, yellow colored, presence of RBC (1.239 cel/mm³) and leukocytes (149 cel/mm³ - 5% neutrophils, 91% lymphocytes and 4% monocytes), glucose of 23 mg/dL, chlorine of 96 mmol/L, and Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated. Immunosuppressive disease wasn´t found. In MRI, there were nodular images in the intradural and extradural sites through T11-T12 levels, compressing the spinal cord. Local biopsy revealed chronic granulomatous inflammatory process, consistent with the cryptococcosis suspect. Conclusions: The case represents an unusual manifestation of cryptococcosis, with an uncommon topography and profile, once it´s manifestation medullary and in a healthy individual is rare. The main differential diagnosis was spinal tuberculosis, an also rare disease yet with similar symptoms and relevant local epidemiology. To reach the diagnosis, laboratory study was necessary. The treatment was the same of cryptococcosis in general.
Звіти організацій з теми "Profilage de suspects"
1
Gottlieb, Yuval, and Bradley A. Mullens. Might Bacterial Symbionts Influence Vectorial Capacity of Biting Midges for Ruminant Viruses? United States Department of Agriculture, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7699837.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
- Original objectives and revision: The feasibility study performed in the last year was aimed at determining the symbiotic profiles of eight selected Culicoidesspecies in Israel and the USA by: Comparing bacterial communities among geographic populations of primary bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors. Comparing bacterial communities between adults of field-collected, mammal-feeding BTV vectors and non-vectors. Comparing bacterial communities within and between mammal feeders and bird feeders, with special attention to species with unique immature habitats. We made an effort to collect the eight species during the beginning of the project, however, due to the short available collection season, and the significant changes in habitats available for Israeli Culicoides, we initially determined the symbiotic profile of five species: two BTV vectors (C. sonorensis, C. imicola), one mammal feeders with unknown vectoring ability (C. schultzei), one bird feeder (C. crepuscularis), and one unique habitat species (C. cacticola). In addition, upon preliminary symbiont identification we focused our effort on relevant specific symbionts. Background: Biting midges (Culicoides, Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of many major viral diseases affecting farm animals, including BT, which is listed among the most damaging by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and has recently emerged in completely unexpected areas (Northern Europe). One of the strategies to reduce the vectorial capacity of insect vectors is by manipulating their specific symbionts either to affect the vector species or to influence performance of the disease agent within it. Despite significant efforts to elucidate the vectorial capacity of certain Culicoidesspecies, and the critical basis of variability in infection, almost no attention has been given to symbiotic interactions between the vector and its bacterial tenants. It is now established that bacterial symbionts have major influences on their host biology, and may interact with disease agents vectored by their hosts. - Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: During the feasibility project we have found two major bacterial symbionts in Israeli and American Culicoides. In Israel we discovered that C. imicola, a known vector of BT, and C. schultzeigp. a suspected vector of BT, carry the symbiotic bacterium Cardinium, a reproductive manipulator symbiont. In C. imicolathe infection rate was close to 50%, and in C. schultzeiit was lower, and restricted to one of two species within Schultzeigroup. In 3 American species (C. sonorensis, C. crepuscularis, C. cacticola) we found the bacterium Burkholderiasp. In all species tested we have also found other bacterial species in diverse quantities and frequencies. - Implications, both scientific and agricultural: Finding specific symbionts in Culicoidesvector species is the first step in developing symbiont based control (SBC) strategies. Both identified symbionts are known from other insects, and Cardiniumis also known as a reproductive manipulator that can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, an important phenomenon that can be used for spreading desired traits in infected populations. The role of the symbionts in Culicoideshost can be target for manipulation to reduce the vectorial capacity of the host by either changing its fitness so that it is unable to serve as a vector, or by directly changing the symbiont in a way that will affect the performance of the disease agent in its vector. Since Burkholderiaperhaps can be cultured independently of the host, it is a promising candidate for the later option. Thus, we have now opened the door for studying the specific interactions between symbionts and vector species.
2
McDonagh, Marian, Andrea C. Skelly, Amy Hermesch, Ellen Tilden, Erika D. Brodt, Tracy Dana, Shaun Ramirez, et al. Cervical Ripening in the Outpatient Setting. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives. To assess the comparative effectiveness and potential harms of cervical ripening in the outpatient setting (vs. inpatient, vs. other outpatient intervention) and of fetal surveillance when a prostaglandin is used for cervical ripening. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) to July 2020; reference lists; and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies of cervical ripening comparing prostaglandins and mechanical methods in outpatient versus inpatient settings; one outpatient method versus another (including placebo or expectant management); and different methods/protocols for fetal surveillance in cervical ripening using prostaglandins. When data from similar study designs, populations, and outcomes were available, random effects using profile likelihood meta-analyses were conducted. Inconsistency (using I2) and small sample size bias (publication bias, if ≥10 studies) were assessed. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed. All review methods followed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center methods guidance. Results. We included 30 RCTs and 10 cohort studies (73% fair quality) involving 9,618 women. The evidence is most applicable to women aged 25 to 30 years with singleton, vertex presentation and low-risk pregnancies. No studies on fetal surveillance were found. The frequency of cesarean delivery (2 RCTs, 4 cohort studies) or suspected neonatal sepsis (2 RCTs) was not significantly different using outpatient versus inpatient dinoprostone for cervical ripening (SOE: low). In comparisons of outpatient versus inpatient single-balloon catheters (3 RCTs, 2 cohort studies), differences between groups on cesarean delivery, birth trauma (e.g., cephalohematoma), and uterine infection were small and not statistically significant (SOE: low), and while shoulder dystocia occurred less frequently in the outpatient group (1 RCT; 3% vs. 11%), the difference was not statistically significant (SOE: low). In comparing outpatient catheters and inpatient dinoprostone (1 double-balloon and 1 single-balloon RCT), the difference between groups for both cesarean delivery and postpartum hemorrhage was small and not statistically significant (SOE: low). Evidence on other outcomes in these comparisons and for misoprostol, double-balloon catheters, and hygroscopic dilators was insufficient to draw conclusions. In head to head comparisons in the outpatient setting, the frequency of cesarean delivery was not significantly different between 2.5 mg and 5 mg dinoprostone gel, or latex and silicone single-balloon catheters (1 RCT each, SOE: low). Differences between prostaglandins and placebo for cervical ripening were small and not significantly different for cesarean delivery (12 RCTs), shoulder dystocia (3 RCTs), or uterine infection (7 RCTs) (SOE: low). These findings did not change according to the specific prostaglandin, route of administration, study quality, or gestational age. Small, nonsignificant differences in the frequency of cesarean delivery (6 RCTs) and uterine infection (3 RCTs) were also found between dinoprostone and either membrane sweeping or expectant management (SOE: low). These findings did not change according to the specific prostaglandin or study quality. Evidence on other comparisons (e.g., single-balloon catheter vs. dinoprostone) or other outcomes was insufficient. For all comparisons, there was insufficient evidence on other important outcomes such as perinatal mortality and time from admission to vaginal birth. Limitations of the evidence include the quantity, quality, and sample sizes of trials for specific interventions, particularly rare harm outcomes. Conclusions. In women with low-risk pregnancies, the risk of cesarean delivery and fetal, neonatal, or maternal harms using either dinoprostone or single-balloon catheters was not significantly different for cervical ripening in the outpatient versus inpatient setting, and similar when compared with placebo, expectant management, or membrane sweeping in the outpatient setting. This evidence is low strength, and future studies are needed to confirm these findings.