Дисертації з теми "Processus Ponctuelle"
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Fabre, Jean-Pierre. "Suites mélangeantes de mesures aléatoires : estimation fonctionnelle et inégalités de grande déviation." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20098.
Повний текст джерелаBoinsk, Frédéric Romuald. "Analyse et caractérisation d'une silice soumise à un processus de dégradation chimique : approche ponctuelle et locale." Mulhouse, 2007. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/analyse-et-caracterisation-dune-silice-soumise-a-un-processus-de-degradation-chimique-approche-ponct/BUS4081234.
Повний текст джерелаThese works are based on the study of the structural behaviour of a heterogeneous reactive silica resulting from a natural siliceous aggregate (flint) submitted to a physico-chemical degradation process: the Alkali Silica Reaction. The impact of the reaction on the aggregate depends punctually of the degree of heterogeneousness of the structure; therefore, the appeal to the techniques of punctual analysis is then necessary. So, all the stages of the degradation of the silica on a grain of some microns were realized due to the use of the microbeam of the line LUCIA on SLS. The study of the behaviour of elements calcium and potassium in the structure of the aggregate was realized by EDX and consolidated by the analysis of the atomic environments of the silicon and cations by the interpretation of X-Ray absorption spectrums (XANES). These studies allowed to advance in the understanding of reactions mechanisms involved during ASR
Reynaud-Bouret, Patricia. "Estimation adaptative de l'intensité de certains processus ponctuels par sélection de modèle." Phd thesis, Paris 11, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00081412.
Повний текст джерелаde sélection de modèle au cadre particulier de l'estimation d'intensité de
processus ponctuels. Plus précisément, nous voulons montrer que les
estimateurs par projection pénalisés de l'intensité sont adaptatifs soit dans
une famille d'estimateurs par projection, soit pour le risque minimax. Nous
nous sommes restreints à deux cas particuliers : les processus de Poisson
inhomogènes et les processus de comptage à intensité
multiplicative d'Aalen.
Dans les deux cas, nous voulons trouver une inégalité de type
oracle, qui garantit que les estimateurs par projection pénalisés ont un risque
du même ordre de grandeur que le meilleur estimateur par projection pour une
famille de modèles donnés. La clé qui permet de prouver des inégalités de
type oracle est le phénomène de concentration de la mesure ou plus précisément
la connaissance d'inégalités exponentielles, qui permettent de contrôler en
probabilité les déviations de statistiques de type khi-deux au dessus de leur
moyenne. Nous avons prouvé deux types d'inégalités de concentration. La
première n'est valable que pour les processus de Poisson. Elle est comparable
en terme d'ordre de grandeur à l'inégalité de M. Talagrand pour les suprema de
processus empiriques. La deuxième est plus grossière mais elle est valable
pour des processus de comptage beaucoup plus généraux.
Cette dernière inégalité met en oeuvre des techniques de
martingales dont nous nous sommes inspirés pour prouver des inégalités de
concentration pour des U-statistiques dégénérées d'ordre 2 ainsi que pour des
intégrales doubles par rapport à une mesure de Poisson recentrée.
Nous calculons aussi certaines bornes inférieures pour les
risques minimax et montrons que les estimateurs par projection pénalisés
atteignent ces vitesses.
Crétois, Emmanuelle. "Utilisation de la méthode des pas aléatoires en estimation dans les processus ponctuels." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUE5022.
Повний текст джерелаFall, Fama. "Sur l'estimation de la densité des quantiles." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066051.
Повний текст джерелаValmy, Larissa. "Modèles hiérarchiques et processus ponctuels spatio-temporels - Applications en épidémiologie et en sismologie." Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841146.
Повний текст джерелаEnnadifi, Gratiane. "Records et processus ponctuels." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO19007.
Повний текст джерелаPoinas, Arnaud. "Statistiques asymptotiques des processus ponctuels déterminantaux stationnaires et non stationnaires." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S024/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis manuscript is devoted to the study of parametric estimation of a point process family called determinantal point processes. These point processes are used to generate and model point patterns with negative dependency, meaning that the points tend to repel each other. More precisely, we study the asymptotic properties of various classical parametric estimators of determinantal point processes, stationary and non stationary, when considering that we observe a unique realization of such a point process on a bounded window. In this case, the asymptotic is done on the size of the window and therefore, indirectly, on the number of observed points. In the first chapter, we prove a central limit theorem for a wide class of statistics on determinantal point processes. In the second chapter, we show a general beta-mixing inequality for point processes and apply our result to the determinantal case. In the third chapter, we apply the central limit theorem showed in the first chapter to a wide class of moment-based estimating functions. Finally, in the last chapter, we study the asymptotic behaviour of the maximum likelihood estimator of determinantal point processes. We give an asymptotic approximation of the log-likelihood that is computationally tractable and we study the consistency of its maximum
Gautier, Guillaume Michel Jean. "Sur l’échantillonnage des processus ponctuels déterminantaux." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0002.
Повний текст джерелаDeterminantal point processes (DPPs) generate random configuration of points where the points tend to repel each other. The notion of repulsion is encoded by the sub-determinants of a kernel matrix, in the sense of kernel methods in machine learning. This special algebraic form makes DPPs attractive both in statistical and computational terms. This thesis focuses on sampling from such processes, that is on developing simulation methods for DPPs. Applications include numerical integration, recommender systems or the summarization of a large corpus of data. In the finite setting, we establish the correspondence between sampling from a specific type of DPPs, called projection DPPs, and solving a randomized linear program. In this light, we devise an efficient Markov-chain-based sampling method. In the continuous case, some classical DPPs can be sampled by computing the eigenvalues of carefully randomized tridiagonal matrices. We provide an elementary and unifying treatment of such models, from which we derive an approximate sampling method for more general models. In higher dimension, we consider a special class of DPPs used for numerical integration. We implement a tailored version of a known exact sampler, which allows us to compare the properties of Monte Carlo estimators in new regimes. In the context of reproducible research, we develop an open-source Python toolbox, named DPPy, which implements the state of the art sampling methods for DPPs
Gautier, Guillaume Michel Jean. "Sur l’échantillonnage des processus ponctuels déterminantaux." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0002.
Повний текст джерелаDeterminantal point processes (DPPs) generate random configuration of points where the points tend to repel each other. The notion of repulsion is encoded by the sub-determinants of a kernel matrix, in the sense of kernel methods in machine learning. This special algebraic form makes DPPs attractive both in statistical and computational terms. This thesis focuses on sampling from such processes, that is on developing simulation methods for DPPs. Applications include numerical integration, recommender systems or the summarization of a large corpus of data. In the finite setting, we establish the correspondence between sampling from a specific type of DPPs, called projection DPPs, and solving a randomized linear program. In this light, we devise an efficient Markov-chain-based sampling method. In the continuous case, some classical DPPs can be sampled by computing the eigenvalues of carefully randomized tridiagonal matrices. We provide an elementary and unifying treatment of such models, from which we derive an approximate sampling method for more general models. In higher dimension, we consider a special class of DPPs used for numerical integration. We implement a tailored version of a known exact sampler, which allows us to compare the properties of Monte Carlo estimators in new regimes. In the context of reproducible research, we develop an open-source Python toolbox, named DPPy, which implements the state of the art sampling methods for DPPs
Meillier, Céline. "Détection de sources quasi-ponctuelles dans des champs de données massifs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT070/document.
Повний текст джерелаDetecting the faintest galaxies in the hyperspectral MUSE data is particularly challenging because they have a small spatial extension, a very sparse spectrum that contains only one narrow emission line, which position in the spectral range is unknown. Moreover, their signal-to-noise ratio are very low. These galaxies are modeled as quasi point sources in the three dimensions of the data cube. We propose a method for the detection of a galaxy configuration based on a marked point process in a nonparametric Bayesian framework. A galaxy is modeled by a point (its position in the spatial domain), and marks (geometrical, spectral features) are added to transform a point into an object. These processes yield a natural sparse representation of massive data (300 x 300 x 3600 pixels). The fully Bayesian framework leads to a general and robust algorithm where the parameters of the objects are estimated in a fully data-driven way. Preprocessing strategies are drawn to tackle the massive dimensions of the data and the complexity of the detection problem, they allow to reduce the exploration of the data to areas that probably contain sources. Multiple testing approaches have been proposed to build proposition map. This map is also used to define the intensity of the point process, textit{i.e.} it describes the probability density function of the point process. It also gives a global error control criterion for the detection. The performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated on synthetic data and real hyperspectral data acquired by the MUSE instrument for young galaxy detection
Flint, Ian. "Analyse stochastique de processus ponctuels : au-delà du processus de Poisson." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0085/document.
Повний текст джерелаDeterminantal point processes have sparked interest in very diverse fields, such as random matrix theory, point process theory, and networking. In this manuscript, we consider them as random point processes, i.e. a stochastic collection of points in a general space. Hence, we are granted access to a wide variety of tools from point process theory, which allows for a precise study of many of their probabilistic properties. We begin with the study of determinantal point processes from an applicative point of view. To that end, we propose different methods for their simulation in a very general setting. Moreover, we bring to light a series of models derived from the well-known Ginibre point process, which are quite suited for applications. Thirdly, we introduce a differentiable gradient on the considered probability space. Thanks to some powerful tools from Dirichlet form theory, we discuss integration by parts for general point processes, and show the existence of the associated diffusion processes correctly associated to the point processes. We are able to apply these results to the specific case of determinantal point processes, which leads us to characterizing these diffusions in terms of stochastic differential equations. Lastly, we turn our attention to the difference gradient on the same space. In a certain sense, we define a Skohorod integral, which satisfies an integration by parts formula, i.e. its adjoint is the difference operator. An application to the study of a random transformation of the point process is given, wherein we characterize the distribution of the transformed point process under mild hypotheses
Kubler, Samuel. "Statistical methods for the robust extraction of objects’ spatio-temporal relations in bioimaging – Application to the functional analysis of neuronal networks in vivo." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS455.
Повний текст джерелаThe neural code, i.e. how interconnected neurons can perform complex operations, allowing the quick adaptation of animals to their environment, remains an open question and an intensive field of research both in experimental and computational neurosciences. Advances in molecular biology and microscopy have recently made it possible to monitor the activity of individual neurons in living animals and, in the case of small animals containing only a few thousands of neurons, to measure the activity of the entire nervous system. However, the mathematical framework that would bridge the gap between single neuron activity and the emergent computational properties of neuronal ensembles is missing.In the thesis manuscript, we introduce a sequential statistical processing pipeline that efficiently and robustly extracts neuronal ensembles from calcium imagery of neuronal activity. In particular, we develop a Bayesian inference framework based on a biologically interpretable model to extract neuronal ensembles characterized by noise, asynchrony and overlapping. The provided tool demonstrates that a Gibbs sampling routine can efficiently estimate statistical parameters and hidden variables to uncover neuronal ensembles based on synchronization patterns both on synthetic data and on various experimental datasets from mice and zebrafish visual cortex to Hydra Vulgaris. The thesis equally develops a point process statistical framework to quantify how neuronal ensembles encode evoked stimuli or spontaneous behaviors in living animals. This versatile tool is also used for the inference of the functional connectivity of neuronal activity or the automatically calibration procedure of the spike inference algorithms applied to calcium recordings. For the providing algorithms to be largely spread in the neurobiologist community, results are supported by interpretable biological estimates, statistical evidence, rigorous mathematical proofs, and free-available software. Our contributive implementation, that goes from pixel intensity to estimated neuronal ensembles, equally identify from the synchronous firing patterns of neuronal ensembles, neurons with specific roles that can be used to predict, improve, or alter the behaviors of living animals. The provided framework unravels the emergence of collective properties from the recording of extremely varying individual signals that make the neural code still elusive
Perrin, Guillaume. "Etude du couvert forestier par processus ponctuels marqués." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109074.
Повний текст джерелаDans ce manuscrit, nous proposons différents modèles d'extraction de houppiers, qui extraient des informations à l'échelle de l'arbre selon la densité du peuplement. Dans les peuplements denses, nous présentons un processus d'ellipses, et dans les zones de plus faible densité, un processus d'ellipsoïdes. Nous obtenons ainsi le nombre d'arbres, leur localisation, le diamètre de la couronne et leur hauteur pour les zones non denses. Les algorithmes automatiques résultant de cette modélisation sont testés sur des images IRC très haute résolution fournies par l'Inventaire Forestier National (IFN).
Choiruddin, Achmad. "Sélection de variables pour des processus ponctuels spatiaux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM045/document.
Повний текст джерелаRecent applications such as forestry datasets involve the observations of spatial point pattern data combined with the observation of many spatial covariates. We consider in this thesis the problem of estimating a parametric form of the intensity function in such a context. This thesis develops feature selection procedures and gives some guarantees on their validity. In particular, we propose two different feature selection approaches: the lasso-type methods and the Dantzig selector-type procedures. For the methods considering lasso-type techniques, we derive asymptotic properties of the estimates obtained from estimating functions derived from Poisson and logistic regression likelihoods penalized by a large class of penalties. We prove that the estimates obtained from such procedures satisfy consistency, sparsity, and asymptotic normality. For the Dantzig selector part, we develop a modified version of the Dantzig selector, which we call the adaptive linearized Dantzig selector (ALDS), to obtain the intensity estimates. More precisely, the ALDS estimates are defined as the solution to an optimization problem which minimizes the sum of coefficients of the estimates subject to linear approximation of the score vector as a constraint. We find that the estimates obtained from such methods have asymptotic properties similar to the ones proposed previously using an adaptive lasso regularization term. We investigate the computational aspects of the methods developped using either lasso-type procedures or the Dantzig selector-type approaches. We make links between spatial point processes intensity estimation and generalized linear models (GLMs), so we only have to deal with feature selection procedures for GLMs. Thus, easier computational procedures are implemented and computationally fast algorithm are proposed. Simulation experiments are conducted to highlight the finite sample performances of the estimates from each of two proposed approaches. Finally, our methods are applied to model the spatial locations a species of tree in the forest observed with a large number of environmental factors
Pons, Odile. "Statistique des processus ponctuels indexés par le temps." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112476.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to the asymptotic properties of statistics for time dependent counting processes. The first part studies and extends nonparametric estimators and tests used in survival data analysis. The second part generalizes them to the two-dimensional case and proposes a test of independence between two censored survival times. Then, the third part is an adaptation of Cox's regression model to a counting process having a periodic underlying intensity and to regressor processes satisfying ergodic and ϕ-mixing properties. The underlying intensity is estimated using an empirical distribution-type estimate and a histogram-type estimate. These estimates are asymptotically Gaussian and equivalent, as well as the associated regression parameters estimates. Finally, these results are applied to a feeding pattern analysis
Pons-Ledru, Odile. "Statistique des processus ponctuels indexés par le temps." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376090267.
Повний текст джерелаAchab, Massil. "Apprentissage statistique pour séquences d’évènements à l’aide de processus ponctuels." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX068/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe guiding principle of this thesis is to show how the arsenal of recent optimization methods can help solving challenging new estimation problems on events models.While the classical framework of supervised learning treat the observations as a collection of independent couples of features and labels, events models focus on arrival timestamps to extract information from the source of data.These timestamped events are chronologically ordered and can't be regarded as independent.This mere statement motivates the use of a particular mathematical object called point process to learn some patterns from events.Two examples of point process are treated in this thesis.The first is the point process behind Cox proportional hazards model:its conditional intensity function allows to define the hazard ratio, a fundamental quantity in survival analysis literature.The Cox regression model relates the duration before an event called failure to some covariates.This model can be reformulated in the framework of point processes.The second is the Hawkes process which models how past events increase the probability of future events.Its multivariate version enables encoding a notion of causality between the different nodes.The thesis is divided into three parts.The first focuses on a new optimization algorithm we developed to estimate the parameter vector of the Cox regression in the large-scale setting.Our algorithm is based on stochastic variance reduced gradient descent (SVRG) and uses Monte Carlo Markov Chain to estimate one costly term in the descent direction.We proved the convergence rates and showed its numerical performance on both simulated and real-world datasets.The second part shows how the Hawkes causality can be retrieved in a nonparametric fashion from the integrated cumulants of the multivariate point process.We designed two methods to estimate the integrals of the Hawkes kernels without any assumption on the shape of the kernel functions. Our methods are faster and more robust towards the shape of the kernels compared to state-of-the-art methods. We proved the statistical consistency of the first method, and designed turned the second into a convex optimization problem.The last part provides new insights from order book data using the first nonparametric method developed in the second part.We used data from the EUREX exchange, designed new order book model (based on the previous works of Bacry et al.) and ran the estimation method on these point processes.The results are very insightful and consistent with an econometric analysis.Such work is a proof of concept that our estimation method can be used on complex data like high-frequency financial data
Barclay, Samuel. "Statistique d'un modèle de processus de déplacement dirige par un processus ponctuel." Antilles-Guyane, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AGUY0100.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis we have developped a statistic model of a point process and a random trajectory. In this model, the transitions of the random trajectory are directed by a point process which care be vieved as signals emitted. We present a function called by "influence" which describes the intensity of transitions in function of emitting of signals. We showed asymptotics properties of non parametric estimator of the "influence" in case of intensity of signals are known and in case of intensity of signals are in known. In last part we do simulations by Monte-Carlo methods in roder to check asymptotics properties of estimation by kernel of the model
Mazliak, Laurent. "Controle partiellement observable et processus ponctuels : theorie et applications." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066235.
Повний текст джерелаGobard, Renan. "Fluctuations dans des modèles de boules aléatoires." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S025/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we study the macroscopic fluctuations in random balls models. A random balls model is an aggregation of balls in Rd whose centers and radii are random. We also mark each balls with a random weight. We consider the mass M induced by the system of weighted balls on a configuration μ of Rd. In order to investigate the macroscopic fluctuations of M, we realize a zoom-out on the configuration of balls. Mathematically, we reduce the mean radius while increasing the mean number of centers by volume unit. The question has already been studied when the centers, the radii and the weights are independent and the triplets (center, radius, weight) are generated according to a Poisson point process on Rd ×R+ ×R. Then, we observe three different behaviors depending on the comparison between the speed of the decreasing of the radii and the speed of the increasing of the density of centers. We propose to generalize these results in three different directions. The first part of this thesis consists in introducing dependence between the radii and the centers and inhomogeneity in the distribution of the centers. In the model we propose, the stochastic behavior of the radii depends on the location of the ball. In the previous works, the convergences obtained for the fluctuations of M are at best functional convergences in finite dimension. In the second part of this work, we obtain functional convergence on an infinite dimensional set of configurations μ. In the third and last part, we study a random balls model (non-weighted) on C where the couples (center, radius) are generated according to determinantal point process. Unlike to the Poisson point process, the determinantal point process exhibits repulsion phenomena between its points which allows us to model more physical problems
Liu, Shuyan. "Lois stables et processus ponctuels : liens et estimation des paramètres." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463817.
Повний текст джерелаDia, Galaye. "Statistiques d'ordre dans les processus ponctuels : estimation de la régression." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066257.
Повний текст джерелаBoher, Jean-Marie. "Processus ponctuels et modèles markoviens : exemple d'application à une pathologie." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON1T019.
Повний текст джерелаFerrieux, Dominique. "Estimation de densités de mesures moyennes de processus ponctuels associés." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20245.
Повний текст джерелаBelhadji, Ayoub. "Echantillonnage des sous-espaces à l’aide des processus ponctuels déterminantaux." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0021.
Повний текст джерелаDeterminantal point processes are probabilistic models of repulsion.These models were studied in various fields: random matrices, quantum optics, spatial statistics, image processing, machine learning and recently numerical integration.In this thesis, we study subspace sampling using determinantal point processes. This problem takes place within the intersection of three sub-domains of approximation theory: subset selection, kernel quadrature and kernel interpolation. We study these classical topics, through a new interpretation of these probabilistic models: a determinantal point process is a natural way to define a random subspace. Beside giving a unified analysis to numerical integration and interpolation under determinantal point processes, this new perspective allows to work out the theoretical guarantees of several approximation algorithms, and to prove their optimality in some settings
Belhadji, Ayoub. "Echantillonnage des sous-espaces à l’aide des processus ponctuels déterminantaux." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0021.
Повний текст джерелаDeterminantal point processes are probabilistic models of repulsion.These models were studied in various fields: random matrices, quantum optics, spatial statistics, image processing, machine learning and recently numerical integration.In this thesis, we study subspace sampling using determinantal point processes. This problem takes place within the intersection of three sub-domains of approximation theory: subset selection, kernel quadrature and kernel interpolation. We study these classical topics, through a new interpretation of these probabilistic models: a determinantal point process is a natural way to define a random subspace. Beside giving a unified analysis to numerical integration and interpolation under determinantal point processes, this new perspective allows to work out the theoretical guarantees of several approximation algorithms, and to prove their optimality in some settings
Coeurjolly, Jean-François. "Sur quelques résultats d'inférence pour les processus fractionnaires et les processus ponctuels spatiaux de Gibbs." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851451.
Повний текст джерелаChimard, Florencia. "Mélanges de processus ponctuels spatio-temporels et approche bayésienne semi-paramétrique." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0392.
Повний текст джерелаPoint processes are often used as tools for describing spatial or spatio- temporal point patterns. In this Phd dissertation, we give an overview of bayesian statistical analysis for point processes and recent tools Iike the Dirichlet process and its diverse extensions. We focus on situations where the available data are maps of the studied point process at different observations dates. Two contexts are considered. Firstly, we consider occurrences of events in a studied area forming the realization of a spatio-temporal Cox process directed by a generalized shot noise intensity measure. A hidden Poisson process generates contributions to the intensity measure which are distributed according to a Dirichlet process centered on the Gamma distribution. For data consisting of spatial locations of occurrences between several pairs of consecutive observation dates, we develop statistical inference about the parameters of interest by means of MCMC methods within the framework of hierarchical bayesian modeling. A data augmentation algorithm is introduced and tested on artificial data. Secondly, we analyse the case where the point process support is discrete with at most one occurrence for a given element of the support. For such binary data, we present and discuss models based on Bernoulli distribution mixture with a background intensity following a log-gaussian. The statistical inference for these models is developped by using a hierarchical bayesian approach. Tests are carried out on artificial data and data from Yellow Leaf Sugarcane Virus observations
Morsli, Nadia. "Inférence non paramétrique pour les modèles Gibbsiens de processus ponctuels spatiaux." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM055/document.
Повний текст джерелаAmong models allowing to introduce interaction between points, we find the large class of Gibbs models coming from statistical physics. Such models can produce repulsive as well as attractive point pattern. In this thesis, we are interested in the semi-parametric inference of such models characterized by the Papangelou conditional intensity. Two frameworks are considered. First, we describe a procédure which intends to estimate the first-order interaction term (also called Poisson intensity) of the Papangelou conditional intensity. Under the assumption of finite range of the process, the idea upon which the procedure is based allows us to neglect higher-order interaction terms. We study the stong consistency and the asymptotic normality and conduct a simulation study which highlights the efficiency of the method for finite observation window. Second, we focus on the main class of Gibbs models which is the class of pairwise interaction point processes. We construct a kernel-based estimator of the pairwise interaction function. Two cases are studied: the stationary case and the isotropic case.The estimators, we propose, exploit the finite range property and the estimator of the Poisson intensity defined in the first part. We present asymptotic properties, namely the strong consistency, the behavior of the mean squared error and the asymptotic normality
Clarenne, Adrien. "Asymptotiques dans des modèles de boules aléatoires poissoniennes et non-poissoniennes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S025/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we study the asymptotic behavior of random balls models generated by different point processes, after performing a zoom-out on the model. Limit theorems already exist for Poissonian random balls and we generalize the existing results first by studying determinantal random balls models, which induce repulsion between the centers of the balls. It models many phenomena, for example the distribution of trees in a forest. We are then interested in a particular case of Cox processes, the shot-noise Cox processes, which exhibit clusters, modeling the presence of corpuscles in nano composites
Billiot, Jean-Michel. "Estimation d'interactions et étude asymptotique pour les processus ponctuels de Gibbs." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20088.
Повний текст джерелаJacquet, Olivier. "Analyse statistique des processus ponctuels spatio-temporels de propagation sur une grille." Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0245.
Повний текст джерелаThe origin of the work presented in this thesis is a problem of epidemiology in the field of agricultural crops. It is to model the spread of disease on an experimental plot. Individuals statistics, in this case the plants of this plot, are regularly arranged on the nodes on a grid. In such situations, harvest data, in general, dates successive positions of the new infected individuals, putting in place various strategies depending on the size of parcels or human resources and technology available. Ifone is not limited by the cost and effort of observation, the ideal method is to make the exhaustive sampling ie observe the condition ofeach individual on the plot. However, for reasons ofcost observation, we can not have the status of individuals on the grid than the dates of observation data. There fore, if at date S t_OS we have all infected plants S 1_{t_O}S and at date S t_lS we have S1_{t_l}S, a methodological approach is to consider the possible order of infection between S t_0S and S t_l S. The purpose ofthis work is to propose a model for the spatial and temporal evolution of a disease on a regular grid and develop statistical inference of this model for data consisting of infection cards reported on dates fixed widely spaced so that the precise dates ofinfection are missing data. The plan of this thesis in to two parts. \\ In the first, we recall the main tools ofstatistical analysis of ad hoc spatial and/or temporal processes, and a summary on Bayesi an analysis and Markovian exploration techniques which will be used to infer and optimize the parameters of interest. In the second part of the thesis, we present a model inspired by the propagation model Gibson (1996) and various methodologies to tackle the problem of statistical inference in Chapter 3. The proposed methods can be classified in to two broad families. As a first step, we can consider inference techniques that take into account only the temporal order ofarrival of events between the dates ofobservation St_0S and St_lS. These techniques range from the use of simple Monte Carlo methods to generation of Markov chain. In a second time, the methodology is to generate the precise dates of occurrence of events between the dates of observations S t_0S and S t_l St, then usin the theory of Bayes combined with Markov chains to estimate the parameters of interest
Nembé, Jocelyn. "Estimation de la fonction d'intensité d'un processus ponctuel par complexité minimale." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346118.
Повний текст джерелаNembé, Jocelyn Grègoire Gérard. "Estimation de la fonction d'intensité d'un processus ponctuel par complexité minimale." S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346118.
Повний текст джерелаAgullo, Olivier. "Dynamique des tourbillons et statistique des vortex ponctuels." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11067.
Повний текст джерелаIsabelle, Camilier. "Etude des taux d'interet long terme Analyse stochastique des processus ponctuels determinantaux." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00573437.
Повний текст джерелаBonneu, Florent. "Processus ponctuels spatiaux pour l'analyse du positionnement optimal et de la concentration." Phd thesis, Toulouse 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465270.
Повний текст джерелаCucala, Lionel. "ESPACEMENTS BIDIMENSIONNELS ET DONNÉES ENTACHÉES D'ERREURS DANS L'ANALYSE DES PROCESSUS PONCTUELS SPATIAUX." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135890.
Повний текст джерелаCamilier, Isabelle. "Etude des taux d'interet long terme Analyse stochastique des processus ponctuels determinantaux." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/57/34/37/PDF/These_Camilier.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe first part of this thesis concerns a nancial point of view of the study of long term interest rates. We seek an alternative to classical interest rates models for longer maturities (15 years and more). Our work is inspired by the work of economists, but takes into account the existence of a (complete) financial market. We show that classical expected utility maximization techniques lead to the Ramsey Rule, linking the yield curve and marginal utility from consumption. We extend the Ramsey Rule to the case of an incomplete financial market and examine how the yield curve is modied. It is then possible to consider the case where there is incertainty on a parameter of the model, then to extend these results to the case of dynamic utility functions, where the yield curve depends on level of wealth in the economy. The other main result we present is a new way of considering the consumption, as a quantity of supplies that the investor puts aside and uses in case of a default event. Then the expected utility maximization from consumption and terminal wealth can be interpreted as a problem of maximization of expected utility from terminal wealth with a random horizon. The topic of the second part of this thesis is the stochastic analysis of determinantal point processes. Determinantal and permanental processes are point processes with a correlation function given by a determinant or a permanent. Their atoms exhibit mutual attraction or repulsion, thus these processes are very far from the uncorrelated situation encountered in Poisson models. We establish a quasi-invariance result : we show that if atoms locations are perturbed along a vector eld, the resulting process is still a determinantal (respectively permanental) process, the law of which is absolutely continuous with respect to the original distribution. Based on this formula, following Bismut approach of Malliavin calculus, we then give an integration by parts formula
Pham, Hai Ha. "Quelques contributions à l'étude de modèles bivariés de dégradation et de choc en fiabilité." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis is devoted to the study of bivariate models in reliability, which take into account several types of dependence between components. As a first step, we are interested in a two-component system with accumulating deterioration modeled by a bivariate increasing Lévy process (bivariate subordinator). Under this hypothesis, two different studies are made : one under the assumption of continuous monitoring and perfect repair, the other one under the assumption of periodic inspections and imperfect repair. In a second step, the thesis is devoted to the study of another bivariate survivalmodel, under the influence of a stochastic and stressful environment. The dependence between components is here induced by the common stressful environment, with different incidence on the two components (increment of failure rate for one, of deterioration level for the other). For each of the studied models, our results show the importance of taking into account the dependence between the components of a system
Dhandapani, Yogeshwaran. "Réseaux géométriques aléatoires : connexité et comparaison." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA06A621.
Повний текст джерелаDereudre, David. "Diffusions infini-dimensionnelles et champs de Gibbs sur l'espace des trajectoires continues." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002373.
Повний текст джерелаMissié, Pascal. "Estimation de contours d'un processus ponctuel par des méthodes à pas aléatoire." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL12039.
Повний текст джерелаDescombes, Xavier. "Méthodes stochastiques en analyse d'image : des champs de Markov aux processus ponctuels marqués." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00506084.
Повний текст джерелаStoica, Radu Stefan. "Processus ponctuels pour l'extraction de réseaux linéi͏̈ques dans les images satellitaires et aériennes." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5603.
Повний текст джерелаRousselle, Arnaud. "Marches au hasard sur des graphes géométriques aléatoires engendrés par des processus ponctuels." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES038.
Повний текст джерелаRandom walks on random graphs embedded in Rd appear naturally in problems arising from statistical mechanics such that the description of flows, molecules or heat diffusions in random and irregular environments. The general idea is to extend known results for random walks on Zd or on random perturbations of the grid to results for random walks on graphs generated by point processes in Rd. In this thesis, we consider nearest neighbor random walks on graphs depending on the geometry of a random infinite locally finite set of points. More precisely, given a realisation of a simple stationary point process in Rd, a connected infinite and locally finite graph G is constructed. This graph is then possibly equipped with a conductance function C, that is a positive function defined on its edge set. Examples of graphs studied in this manuscript are the Delaunay triangulation, the Gabriel graph, the creek-crossing graphs and the skeleton of the Voronoi tiling generated by the point process. We study properties of the simple random walk or of a random walk associated with the conductance C on such graphs. The main results concern the characterisation of the recurrence or transience of the random walks and the description of their diffusive scaling limits. Under suitable assumptions on the underlying point process and the conductance function, we show that the random walks on the Delaunay triangulation, the Gabriel graph and the skeleton of the Voronoi tiling generated by almost every realisation of the point process are recurrent if d = 2 and transient if d ≥ 3. We state an annealed invariance principle for simple random walks starting from the origin on the Delaunay triangulation, the Gabriel graph and the creek-crossing graphs generated by Palm measures of suitable point processes. Finally, we show a quenched invariance principle for simple random walks on random Delaunay triangulations. This thesis uses tools from both stochastic geometry (point processes, Palm measures, random graphs. . . ) and the theory of random walks (links with electrical networks theory, the environment seen from the particle,. . . )
Warlop, Romain. "Novel learning and exploration-exploitation methods for effective recommender systems." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I056/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis, written in a company as a CIFRE thesis in the company fifty-five, studies recommender systems algorithms. We propose three new algorithms that improved over state-of-the-art solutions in terms of performance or matching industrial constraints. To that end, we proposed a first algorithm based on tensor factorization, a generalization of matrix factorization, commonly used on collaborative filtering. We then proposed a new algorithm that improves basket completion state-of-the-art algorithms. The goal of basket completion algorithms is to recommend a new product to a given user based on the products she is about to purchase in order to increase the user value. To that end we leverage Determinantal Point Processes, i.e., probability measure where the probability to observe a given set is proportional to the determinant of a kernel matrix. We generalized DPP approaches for basket completion using a tensor point of view coupled with a logistic regression. Finally, we proposed a reinforcement learning algorithm that allows to alternate between several recommender systems algorithms. Indeed, using always the same algorithm may either bore the user for a while or reinforce her trust in the system. Thus, the algorithm performance is not stationary and depends on when and how much the algorithm has been used in the past. Our reinforcement learning algorithm learns in real time how to alternate between several recommender system algorithms in order to maximize long term performances, that is in order to keep the user interested in the system as long as possible
Farinetto, Christian. "Estimation paramétrique d'intensités de processus de poisson spatiaux non homogènes." Le Mans, 2001. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2001/2001LEMA1020.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаZhou, Jia. "Application de l’identification d’objets sur images à l’étude de canopées de peuplements forestiers tropicaux : cas des plantations d'Eucalyptus et des mangroves." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20214/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work aims at providing information on the forest structure through the analysis of canopy properties as described by the spatial distribution and the crown size of dominant trees. Our approach is based on the Marked Point Processes (MPP) theory, which allows modeling tree crowns observed in remote sensing images by discs belonging a two dimensional space. The potential of MPP to detect the trees crowns automatically is evaluated by using very high spatial resolution optical satellite images of both Eucalyptus plantations and mangrove forest. Lidar and simulated reflectance images are also analyzed for the mangrove application. Different adaptations (parameter settings, energy models) of the MPP method are tested and compared through the development of quantitative indices that allow comparison between detection results and tree references derived from the field, photo-interpretation or the forest mockups.In the case of mangroves, the estimated crown sizes from detections are consistent with the outputs from the available allometric models. Other results indicate that tree detection by MPP allows mapping, the local density of trees of young Eucalyptus plantations even if crown size is close to the image spatial resolution (0.5m). However, the quality of detection by MPP decreases with canopy closeness. To improve the results, further work may involve MPP detection using objects with finer shapes and forest data measurements collected at the tree plant scale