Дисертації з теми "Processus individuel"
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Battilana, Julie. "L' entrepreneuriat individuel : le rôle des individus dans les processus de changement institutionnel." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DENS0011.
The study examines the yole of individuals in institutional change. It investigates how individuals are enabled to act as institutional entrepreneurs despite institutional pressures. 1 develop a model that highlights the impact of individuals' social position on their likelihood to act as institutional entrepreneurs. 1 test this model with data from 93 change projects that were conducted by 93 clinical managers from the National Health Service in the U. K between 2002 and 2004. The findings suggest that individuals' social position is an important enabling condition for institutional entrepreneurship
Robitaille, Luc. "Évaluation d'une demande de financement : étude du processus décisionnel individuel." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10051.
Subjective paradigm has oriented the formulation of the research model which is concerned with the individual decision making process. Smb loan evaluation carries out in a bank constitutes the practical application. It is suggested that decision maker's choice occurs at the beginning of the process and influences it. Heuristics, and judgmental biases which derive from it, used for complex problem solving, explain the proposition. Thus, the obtained smb is subjective and correspond with argumentation elaborated to justifie choice. The latter is compared to the results generated by two algebraic models of choice (linear and compensatory, conjonctive and noncompensatory). Organizational and individual variables (influencing the process) are added to the research model. A "multimethods" approach measures the model elements. Arising from 43 sumulations, the data are collected through observation, interview and questionnaire. The results confirm the choice occurence at the beginning of the process. According to the choice, three heuristics are noticed : the search for objection (negative decision, noncompensatory, quantitative, relevant and short interrogation), the search for justifications (positive decision, compensatory strategy, long, standard and qualitative interrogation), and uncertain process
Grebil, Nathalie. "Etude des parcours de vieillissement semi-institutionnalisés : un processus individuel et institutionnel." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS026S.
This research questions the institutional and individual organisation for partly institutionalised road maps of aging. To grasp the variations and different types of organisations, the ground study preferred qualitative methods: Observations, specific meetings and biographies. To start with, evidence was shown that aging processes are punctuated by more or less disturbing events and triggers of biographic junctions which can lead to an aging road map partly institutionalised or fully institutionalised. Then, we were able to point out that on one hand the partly institutionalised aging road map results from exterior interactions to the individual which are macro-social (framework laws), mezzo-social (configuration and local organisation), and finally micro-social (personal relation network of the individual or his/her partner…). On the other hand the partly institutionalised aging road map arises from the individual internal interactions which put the individual face to face with constraints and opportunities as well as a range of actions and possible choices. These come from attachments and/or moral engagements from the individual towards his close relatives, but also from the individual’s own character made from their personal history. There is, for each aging road map, some complexity; and each road is the fruit of a mixture of individualities, more or less predictable and branching events and individual and institutional configurations
Yim, David. "Une analyse empirique du rôle de l'éducation dans le processus individuel de migration rurale-urbaine en Thaïlande." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354470.
Brisbois, Xavier. "Le processus de décision dans le choix modal : importance des déterminants individuels, symboliques et cognitifs." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556569.
Laguerre, Francis. "Rapports à l'avenir professionnel et incertitudes dans les projets de lycéens et d'apprentis : approche systémique des processus d'orientation." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20074.
The purpose of this thesis is the study of young people's (secondary school pupils or apprentices) various behaviours towards their future when they leave school or a professional training. Our aim is to describe and analyze the different aspects of uncertainty in plans. After having talked about constructivist, vacationist and sociological approaches in the relation the character maintains with his future in general and with his professional guidance in particular, we define uncertainty modalities through a systemic approach. We notably admit that uncertainty orientations during phases of psychological transitions are depending not only on situational variables (school channel, family and social characteristics) but also on psychologic variables (work representations, relative valorization of life fields, social self-comparisons). We underline that beyond these relations there are some crossed effects between the belonging to a school channel and the psychosocial methods we have just mentioned on uncertainty forms picked up in the character' behaviour. This contribution supports a critical thought on topical experience in orientation and the interest to apprehend the character's peculiarity in guidance process as well as the inter-dependence of these various environments
Belzile, Martin. "Analyse de survie sur les prédicteurs de la durée d’un processus thérapeutique individuel chez les hommes auteurs de violence conjugale." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9486.
Binauld, Cédric. "Tentative de renouveau d'un écosystème : les processus individuels et collectifs à la base de la non-émergence d'un écosystème d'innovation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILA018.
The concept of ecosystem imported by Moore (1993) in strategy is increasingly used by practitioners and explored by researchers both theoretically and empirically. Conceived in this work as "a community of hierarchically independent, yet interdependent, heterogeneous participants who collectively generate an ecosystem outcome", the organizations involved face specific strategic issues, e.g. positioning in the structure, management of bottlenecks. During the renewal phase, organizations try, for example, to define the Value Proposition and to capture the value activated by the resulting innovation. Our literature review shows that the renewal phase is little investigated empirically and that, in general, the strategic issues are approached according to a functionalist approach or according to a voluntarist approach centered on a focal organization. In order to take relational dynamics into account, we ask the following question: “What are the individual processes and the collective organizational processes implemented during an attempt to renew an ecosystem? ". We answer this question with a single longitudinal case study with embedded units. We observe the failure of an attempted renewal project of an ESI. Data is collected continuously for more than three years using intervention and observation tactics. The analysis is carried out by means of a thematic coding based on an adaptation of the Gioia method. The results show that the organizations involved seek to limit changes in their own Business Models (BM hereafter) and, with regard to the need for BM matching, also seek to minimize changes in the partners' BM. The economic model thus proves to be structuring for the renewal of the ecosystem. The ecosystem we are studying is subject to a legal monopoly for the distribution network management activity. We observe that this situation gives significant power to the organization that benefits from it even though it does not own this network. We contribute to the literature on ecosystems by showing that the renewal of an ecosystem cannot take place in the absence of agreement on its new structure. We show the challenge for members to master the definition of PV and the governance of the ecosystem. We show the presence of a bottleneck creation strategy that does not only concern the technical aspects. We bring together the literature of ecosystems with that of BMs. The BM gives meaning to organizational and inter-organizational behaviors and specifies the parts of the environment with which an organization enters into a relationship. We observe that without pairing the BMs concerned, innovation cannot be introduced and the ecosystem cannot be renewed. We also conclude that the activity of Business Model Innovation (BMI hereafter) is a business activity. On the managerial level, we underline the necessary reassessment by the State of the legal structuring of an ecosystem with regard to new goals. We also provide managers with a tool and an approach to enable them to decide in an ecosystemic universe
Cayla, David. "L'apprentissage organisationnel entre processus adaptatif et changement dirigé." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198591.
les conceptions de la rationalité qui existent en économie. Nous pouvons alors établir, en nous appuyant sur l'apport des sciences cognitives contemporaines, une représentation qui permet d'appréhender différents niveaux d'apprentissage, imbriqués et hiérarchisés.
La seconde partie de cette thèse se penche sur l'apprentissage organisationnel de manière plus spécifique. Après avoir montré comment le critère de cohérence pouvait permettre de distinguer les modes de coordination ex post des modes de coordination ex ante, nous nous intéressons au fonctionnement interne des organisations et à la capacité qu'a le management d'en modifier le comportement. Dans le dernier chapitre, enfin, nous montrons quels apports spécifiques notre approche pourrait avoir dans le cadre des théories modernes des
organisations, et nous nous intéressons à la relation entre la structure organisationnelle et la performance de l'apprentissage.
Aloulou, Wassim. "Contribution à la compréhension de la dynamique de l'engagement individuel dans le processus de création d'entreprises innovantes : étude longitudinale de cas d'ingénieurs tunisiens." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21038.
Entrepreneurship is a field of research in emergence structured around four paradigms. The paradigm adopted in our research is about the dialogic relation between individual and new value creation. The first part of this work presents the key concepts of the thesis: entrepreneurship, innovative creation firm and individual commitment. In this part, we adopt and adapt the modelling of firm creation process proposed by Bruyat (1993). In an interpretative perspective to understanding aim, the second part of this work treats epistemological and methodological aspects supposed to give an answer to our central question about the dynamics of an engineer's individual commitment in the innovative enterprise creation process. Our contribution concerns the longitudinal follow-up of the dynamics of the commitment of ten Tunisian engineers that have triggered their entrepreneurial process in a specific context, the Tunisian context
Bertrand, Sébastien. "Quand la somme implicite de deux chiffres est plus prégnante que leur traitement individuel : étude des processus mnésiques dans le champ de la cognition numérique." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30085.
In line with the works dealing with the organization and the access to knowledge in memory, we have explored how the processing of a stimulus (i. E. , target) would be affected by a stimulus previously processed (i. E. , prime). We used numerical cognition approach to examine the human memory system. A series of eight experiments enabled us to show that the processing of the subjacent properties of a stimulus is more salient than the processing of its surface properties. More precisely, the studies we performed on the processing of additions that were presented in a subliminal way lead us to highlight three main results. First, it appeared that the result of the addition was more easily retrieved compared to the operands. Second, our data indicated that the automatic processing of an addition was observed regardless of the exclusion of the arithmetic operator. Third, our results provided evidence for the fact that the processes engaged when participants were presented with additions were similar to those engaged when presenting with a pair of numbers. Overall, our results allow us to confront different theories of human memory, and to stress that the one that better fits with our data is the episodic approach. To conclude, to better understand the human memory system, we must take into account unconscious processes that occur when presenting with a stimulus
Vieider, Ferdinand. "Social influences on individual decision making processes = Sociale invloeden op individuele besluitvorming /." [Amsterdam] : Thela Thesis, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9789036101028.
Moreau, Fabien. "La bifurcation des cadres vers l'activité de coach : un processus de subjectivation microémancipatoire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G017/document.
Some executives, facing an economical and managerial system that doesn’t suit them anymore, chose to leave their position in a structure to become coaches. Beyond the managerial norms of career change, we explain that it is a turning point. This change of career, within the Critical Management Studies movement, and with a Foucauldian power perspective, is interpreted here as them reaching saturation point, due to the effects of subjectivation related to managerial governmentality. Those former executives, especially young and middle-aged managers, find themselves gaining a critical detachment. Furthermore, we notice a phenomenon of microemancipation through being coached … in the training of becoming a coach, by reappropriating the techniques of the care of the self. This research process involves Grounded Theory and life narratives. Firstly, we worked on phenomenological texts, then on an a posteriori coding by themes, and finally on a critical discourse analysis. Our resulting theoretical framework is anchored on a population of 25 former executives who have become coaches. It underlines a generic process with differences related to criteria such as gender, age when the career change happens, previous professional experience and position (manager or consultant)
Darmon, Olivier-Frédéric. "Eléments pour une meilleure compréhension du processus de formation de l'image du transport collectif urbain. Recherche théorique et application au cas de la région parisienne." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529421.
Kasdali, Sihem. "Modélisation complexe de l’impact des dispositifs de formation à distance." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0722/document.
This research aims at analysing the impact, in this case, of the changes led by technopedagogical systems of distance education, on the behavior of learners, trainers or future trainers.To do so, we adopt a systemic approach based on modeling complex systems. The implementation of our model aims at highlighting the interrelations that can exist between the individual and his system, and the structure that may arise, their evolution and their entanglement at different stages. Thus, the dynamics of change is appreciated in its environment, and highlights the active variables in order to build its intelligibility.Our research intention has thus the ambition of not considering the training as a variable explaining the dynamics of change, but to try to understand, like in each training, a set of variables used, leading to results while other variables do not allow it to happen. Our proposal consists of identifying possible relevant variables, the “process variables”. These describe, across time, the space and the processing that are implemented in this dynamics
Guillon, Claude. "La différenciation individuelle : processus et mécanismes." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1027/document.
An individual develops his life in a collective context, where he advances throughout his life and becomes different according to his family, his character, his meetings and influences. An individual existence which differentiates people also constitutes a collective living. There are many observable factors in a collectivity which can influence the building of this existence: sex, religion, family, brothers and sisters, physical appearance, schooling, incomes, politics or psychological state. An analysis can be done throughout three hundred biographies of the two last centuries personalities. Then, the opposite procedure will be developed to measure what collectiveness can add or substract to an individual in his own existence building. Variants that characterize a person are defined with precision, there are the basis of a theorical and general formulation. This study ends in the synthesis of four recent approaches: “fractal geometry”, sensitiveness to the initial conditions, reduction structural building and finally theory of catastrophes
Darmon, Olivier-Frédéric. "Eléments pour une meilleure compréhension du processus de formation de l'image du transport collectif urbain. Recherche théorique et application au cas de la région parisienne." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENPC9013.
Nguyen, Ngoc Chan. "Service recommendation for individual and process use." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789726.
Hare, Todd Anthony. "Developmental and individual differences in cognitive-affective processes /." Access full-text from WCMC, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1490070881&sid=14&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Arrospide, Echegaray Daniel. "Utvärdering av Självstyrandes-utvecklarramverket." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188209.
Within software engineering there is a diversity of process methods where each one has its specific purpose. A process method can be described as being a repeatable set of step with the purpose to achieve a task and reach a specific result. The majority of process methods found in this study are focused on the software product being developed. There seems to be a lack of process methods that can be used by software developers for there individual soft- ware process improvement. Individual software process improvement, refers to how the in- dividual software developer chooses to structure their own work with the purpose to obtain a specific result The Self-Governance Developer Framework (also called SGD-framework) whilst writing this is a newly developed process framework with the purpose of aiding the individual soft- ware developer to improve his own individual software process. Briefly explained the framework is intended to contain all the activities that can come up in a software project. The problem is that this tool has not yet been evaluated and therefore it is unknown if it is relevant for its purpose. To frame and guide the study three problem questions has been for- mulated (1) Is the framework complete for a smaller company in regards to it activities? (2) How high is the cost for the SGD-framework in regard of time? The goal of the study is to contribute for future studies for the framework by performing an action study where the Self-Governance Developer Framework is evaluated against a set of chosen evaluation criteria. An inductive qualitative research method was used when conducting the study. An induc- tive method means that conclusions are derived from empirically gathered data and from that data form general theories. Specifically, the action study method was used. Data was gathered by keeping a logbook and also time logging during the action study. To evaluate the framework, some evaluation criteria was used which were (1) Completeness, (2) Se- mantic correctness, (3) Cost. A narrative analysis was conducted over the data that was gathered for the criteria. The analysis took the problem formulations in regard. The results from the evaluation showed that the framework was not complete with the re- gards of the activities. Although next to complete as only a few activities were further needed during the action study. A total of 3 extra activities were added over the regular 40 activities. Around 10% of the time spent in activities were in activities outside of the Self- Governance Developer Framework. The activities were considered to finely comminute for the context of a smaller company. The framework was considered highly relevant for im- proving the individual software developers own process. The introduction cost in this study reflect on the time it took until the usage of the framework was considered consistent. In this study it was approximately 24 working days with a usage about 3.54% of an eight-hour work day. The total application cost of usage of the framework in the performed action study was on average 4.143 SEK/hour or 662,88 SEK/month. The template cost used was on 172.625 SEK/hour.
Fritsch, Coralie. "Approches probabilistes et numériques de modèles individus-centrés du chemostat." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20062/document.
In the first part, we propose a new chemostat model in which the bacterial population is mass structured and individual-based and the substrate dynamics are modelized by an ordinary differential equation. We obtain a Markovian process which we describe as random measures. We determine, under a certain normalization of the process, a result of convergence in distribution towards the solution of a system of integro-differential equations. In the second part, we are interested in adaptive dynamic models of the chemostat. We add a mutation mechanism to the individual-based model which was studied in the first part. Under rare mutations and large population size hypotheses, the asymptotical result of the first part allows us to reduce the study of the mutant population to a growth-fragmentation-washout model in a constant environment. We study the extinction probability of this mutant population. We also describe the deterministic model related to the hybrid individual-based model with mutations and we compare these two approaches (stochastic and deterministic). In particular we prove that the two approaches lead to the same invasion criteria of a mutant population in a resident population.We present numeric simulations in order to illustrate the mathematical results
Johansson, Jenny. "Individen i den entreprenöriella processen." Thesis, University West, Department of Economics and Informatics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-254.
Walby, Gary W. "Associations between individual, social, and service factors, recovery expectations and recovery strategies for individuals with mental illness." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002203.
Accanto, Nicolò. "Coherent control of nonlinear optical processes in individual nanoparticles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404728.
La nanofotónica se ocupa del estudio de las interacciones entre la luz y la materia en la escala nanométrica. Impulsada por el enorme progreso en la nanotecnología, la nanofotónica se ha convertido en un campo de investigación muy próspero, con aplicaciones en la comunicación óptica, la microscopía de superresolución y la fotovoltaica. Las interacciones fundamentales entre luz y nanopartículas individuales tienen que ser estudiadas con el fin de desarrollar nuevas aplicaciones y diseñar mejores estructuras. Sin embargo, en la práctica, resulta difícil realizar experimentos que estudien nanopartículas individuales con alta resolución temporal. El primer reto de esta tesis es el desarrollo de un equipo experimental adecuado, basado en la combinación de pulsos láseres ultracortos controlados en fase y microscopios ópticos de alta resolución, que permita hacer llegar los correctos pulsos a las correctas áreas nanométricas. El objetivo de este trabajo no es solo observar, sino también controlar activamente las interacciones entre nanopartículas individuales y campos láseres precisamente diseñados. Este concepto se define normalmente como control coherente y ha sido hasta ahora principalmente aplicado a los estudios de conjuntos de átomos, moléculas y nanopartículas. El objetivo principal de este estudio es extender el control coherente a la manipulación de las interacciones ultrarrápidas entre la luz y nanopartículas individuales. En los experimentos descritos, esto se consigue utilizando pulsos ultrarrápidos controlados en fase y detectando procesos ópticos no-lineales en nanopartículas individuales. Las nanopartículas (NPs) estudiadas en esta tesis se pueden dividir en dos categorías: NPs coherentes e incoherentes. Las NPs coherentes presentan resonancias que pueden ser medidas y controladas por el campo láser. Las nanoantenas plasmónicas constituyen el ejemplo principal de NPs coherentes estudiadas en esta tesis. Las NPs incoherentes pueden ser no resonantes o caracterizadas por resonancias espectralmente muy anchas (más anchas que el espectro láser). Las NPs incoherentes estudiadas son las NPs dieléctricas y los puntos cuánticos de semiconductores con espectros de absorción muy anchos. Las NPs incoherentes son de importancia fundamental. El método desarrollado en esta tésis que permite controlar pulsos ultracortos en áreas nanométricas se basa en la detección del segundo armónico producido por NPs dieléctricas. Así mismo, utilizando puntos cuánticos individuales y un novedoso algoritmo de optimización, se realiza un experimento de control coherente capaz de manipular incluso moléculas individuales a temperatura ambiente. Las interacciones no-lineales en nanoantenas plasmónicas dependen del campo láser y también de sus resonancias. En esta tesis se estudian dos tipos de procesos no-lineales en nanoantenas utilizando pulsos ultracortos controlados en fase: la generación de segundo armónico (SHG) y la absorción de dos fotones (TPA). Estudiando el SHG se demuestra que: las componentes de fase y amplitud de las resonancias plasmónicas pueden ser medidas con precisión y que las nanoantenas pueden utilizarse como marcadores de SHG para realizar una técnica novedosa de imágenes biológicas. Finalmente, estudiando la TPA, se demuestra la presencia de un régimen coherente accesible por pulsos ultracortos y se realiza un experimento de control coherente de elevada sensibilidad en nanoantenas individuales. Combinando el progreso en la nanotecnología y la capacidad de manipular procesos ultrarrápidos en la escala nanométrica utilizando campos láseres, se pueden observar nuevos e interesantes fenómenos en la nanofotónica. Desplazar la luz de un sitio a otro de una nanoestructura, estudiar selectivamente diferentes NPs en distintos instantes, realizar microscopía de superresolución con alta resolución temporal, son algunas de las posibles aplicaciones.
Thurston, Meghan Dory. "Individual differences in anxiety in relation to inhibitory processes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13121/.
Nichil, Geoffrey. "Provisionnement en assurance non-vie pour des contrats à maturité longue et à prime unique : application à la réforme Solvabilité 2." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0200/document.
We consider an insurance company which has to indemnify a bank against losses related to a borrower defaulting on payments. Models normally used by insurers are collectives and do not allows to take into account the personal characteristics of borrowers. In a first part, we defined a model to evaluate potential future default amounts (provision) over a fixed period.The amount of default is the key to our model. For a borrower j and an associated maturity Tj, this amount is max(Sj Tj -Rj Tj ; 0), where Sj Tj is the outstanding amount owed by the borrower and depends on the borrowed amount and the term of the loan, and Rj Tj is the property sale amount. Rj Tj is proportionate to the borrowed amount; the proportionality coefficient is modeled by a geometric Brownian motion and represents the fluctuation price of real estate. The couples (Maturity of the loan, Term of the loan) are modeled by a Poisson point process. The provision Ph, where h is the maximum duration of the loans, is defined as the sum of the random number of individual defaults amounts. We can calculate the mean and the variance of the provision and also give an algorithm to simulate the provision. It is also possible to estimate the parameters of our model and then give a numerical value of the provision quantile. In the second part we will focus on the solvency need due to provisioning risk (topic imposed by the european Solvency 2 reform). The question will be to study the asymptotic behaviour of Ph when h ! +1. We will show that Ph, well renormalized, converges in law to a random variable which is the sum of two random variables whose one is a Gaussian
Mirebrahimi, Seyedmeghdad. "Interacting stochastic systems with individual and collective reinforcement." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2274/document.
The Polya urn is the paradigmatic example of a reinforced stochastic process. It leads to a random (non degenerated) almost sure (a.s.) time-limit.The Friedman urn is a natural generalization whose a.s. time-limit is not random anymore. Many stochastic models for applications are based on reinforced processes, like urns with their use in adaptive design for clinical trials or economy, stochastic algorithms with their use in non parametric estimation or optimisation. In this work, in the stream of previous recent works, we introduce a new family of (finite) systems of reinforced stochastic processes, interacting through an additional collective reinforcement of mean field type. The two reinforcement rules strengths (one componentwise, one collective) are tuned through (possibly) different rates. In the case the reinforcement rates are like 1/n, these reinforcements are of Polya or Friedman type as in urn contexts and may thus lead to limits which may be random or not. We state two kind of mathematical results. Different parameter regimes needs to be considered: type of reinforcement rule (Polya/Friedman), strength of the reinforcement. We study the time-asymptotics and prove that a.s. convergence always holds. Moreover all the components share the same time-limit (synchronization). The nature of the limit (random/deterministic) according to the parameters' regime is considered. We then study fluctuations by proving central limit theorems. Scaling coefficients vary according to the regime considered. This gives insights into the different rates of convergence
Fournet, Julie. "Contacts entre individus : analyse et application à l'étude de la propagation de maladies infectieuses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4043/document.
Face-to-face contacts between individuals contribute to shape social networks and play an important role in determining how infectious diseases can spread within a population. Recently, technological advances have made it possible to obtain accurate data on human interactions.This thesis first presents the analysis of contact data collected three years in a row (2011, 2012 and 2013) in a French high school among students of "classes préparatoires" (i.e., studies taking place after high school and preparing for admission to higher education colleges). The analysis showed that most contacts occur within students of same classes and that contact patterns are very similar from one day to the next.Then, we compare different methods of data collection which allow to gather information of different nature (for instance existence of a face-to-face contact vs existence of a friendship).The use of data reporting friendships does not allow to obtain a good estimation of the contact network (i.e., friendships do not correspond necessarily to face-to-face contacts and vice versa) resulting in an underestimation of the epidemic risk in that population.Finally, we try to reproduce the biases coming from the friendship network by sampling the contact network. This might give hints on how to compensate these biases and how to use the information contained in incomplete data sets to obtain accurate predictions of the epidemic risk
Aglieri, Virginia. "Behavioural and neural inter-individual variability in voice perception processes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0176/document.
In humans, voice conveys heterogeneous information such as speaker’s identity, which can be automatically extracted even when language content and emotional state vary. We hypothesized that the ability to recognize a speaker considerably varied across the population, as previously observed for face recognition. To test this hypothesis, a short voice recognition test was delivered to 1120 subjects in order to observe how voice recognition abilities were distributed in the general population. Since it has been previously observed that there exists a considerable inter-individual variability in voice-elicited activity in temporal voice areas (TVAs), regions along the superior temporal sulcus/gyrus (STS/STG) that show preferentially activation for voices than other sounds, the second aim of this work was then to better characterize the link between the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying inter-individual variability in voice recognition processes through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results of a first fMRI study showed that functional connectivity between frontal and temporal voice sensitive regions increased with voice recognition scores obtained at a voice recognition test. Another fMRI study showed that speaker’s identity was treated in an extended network of regions, including TVAs but also frontal regions and that voice/non-voice classification accuracy in right STS increased with speaker identification abilities. Altogether, these results suggest that voice recognition abilities considerably vary across subjects and that this variability can be mirrored by different neural profiles within the voice perception network
Aokou, Koffi. "Évaluation du processus d’implantation d’un logiciel de gestion. Impacts sur les individus et les processus organisationnels." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11113.
Porto, Guilherme Athayde. "A formação da coisa julgada material em face da falta de provas: uma perspectiva do processo coletivo para o processo individual." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/5892.
The present work aims to critically analyze the political option made by the Brazilian judicial system of giving authority of material res judicata to the decisions that are judged unfounded because of insufficiency of evidences. First of all, it is necessary to analyze an overview of this subject in Brazilian evidence system and how it became very relevant to be considered a fundamental right. Right after this brief explanation, in the second part it tries to show a collective procedure perspective that is particularly viewed in relation with res judicata. In this kind of procedure, the res judicata secundum eventum probationis is adopted by litigations that are judged unfounded because of insufficiency of evidences. Moreover, it tries to compare the treatment of res judicata in both kinds of procedure. In the last part, the third one, it brings some questions about the political option made by State of giving authority of material res judicata to the decisions that are judged unfounded because of insufficiency of evidences, analyzing all subject explained to demonstrate the mistake in the made option. After that, it is suggested that option made by collective procedure should be extended to individual procedure.
O presente trabalho teve por escopo apresentar a análise crítica pertinente à opção política feita pelo sistema jurídico pátrio de conferir autoridade de Coisa Julgada material às decisões proferidas em demandas individuais julgadas improcedentes em face da insuficiência de provas. Para tanto, foi necessário, primeiramente, fazer uma análise de como é hoje o sistema probatório no Brasil e considerar que a prova atingiu um status tão relevante a ponto de ser considerado direito fundamental. Logo após, no segundo capítulo, evidencia-se a perspectiva do processo coletivo, o qual possui visão muito particular do instituto da Coisa Julgada. E sob tal aspecto, o processo coletivo adotou a chamada Coisa Julgada secundum eventum probationis para disciplinar aquelas demandas julgadas improcedentes por insuficiência de provas. Ademais, intencionou-se fazer um cotejo entre o instituto da Coisa Julgada conforme o processo coletivo e da Coisa Julgada visto pelos olhos do sistema individual.Ao final, no terceiro capítulo, expõe-se o questionamento crítico a respeito da opção política feita pelo Estado de conferir autoridade de Coisa Julgada material às demandas tidas por improcedentes por falta de provas, desse modo, visando demonstrar que existe um equívoco sistêmico nesta alternativa, pois não ocorre análise de mérito, pressuposto indispensável para formação da própria Coisa Julgada. Diante desse quadro, sugere-se que deva a opção feita pelo processo coletivo ser estendida ao processo individual.
Navarro, Martínez Daniel. "Essays on individual decision behavior." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384621.
Jeffries, Fiona Margaret. "Health promotion and Hutterite cultural change, individual and group change processes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq21912.pdf.
Unsworth, Kerrie L. "Unpacking innovation : the processes and predictors of individual innovation amongst engineers." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366110.
Rose, Kelly Ann 1967. "The decision-making processes of dual-career couples." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291461.
Johnson, Grace I. "A simulation study of individuals' price expectations and market processes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Statistics, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7491.
Mukherjee, Moumita. "Comparison of Risky Decision Making Processes in Dyads and Individuals." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3621.
Monteiro, Carlos Augusto Marcondes de Oliveira. "Aplicação subsidiária do processo comum nas fases postulatória e instrutória do processo de conhecimento do trabalho." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7482.
This study had for purpose the analysis of phases of the individual process of the work front, of form o the common process. To reach this objective a boarding of the hypotheses was carried through where was to demonstrate that beyond the omission hypotheses, also it is possible to invoke the common process when constitutional. For better understanding it was discoursed on each constitutional principle, well ases of the individual process became, detaching the procedural acts, distinguishing them from facts the judges, the parts and of third. After, a study of the distribution of process e became modalities foreseen in the CLT and to the that foreseen in the CPC, finishing chapter treating to the process of the work. Still it was looked to trace an analysis of the complaint brief, in its , value of the cause and petitions), the amendment hypotheses, amends and denial of hypotheses of answers of the complained one, mainly the exception, plea and reconvention, tracing ne also demonstrated that the accomplishment of the hearing must be reviewed by the judges of s are guaranteed and finally, was about the tests in the process of the work
Este estudo teve por finalidade a análise de fases do processo individual do trabalho frente a aplicação subsidiária do processo comum, de forma a analisar em quais hipóteses devemos nos socorrer ao processo comum. Para alcançar este objetivo foi realizado uma abordagem das hipóteses em que a lei autoriza a aplicação subsidiária. A intenção foi demonstrar que além das hipóteses de omissão, também é possível invocar o processo comum quando as cominações da lei específica violarem princípios constitucionais. Para melhor compreensão discorreu-se sobre cada princípio constitucional, bem como fez-se uma abordagem das fases postulatórias e instrutórias do processo individual, destacando os atos processuais, distinguindo-os de fatos processuais, passando a analisar cada um deles, como os dos juízes, das partes e de terceiros. Após, fez-se um estudo da distribuição do processo e das partes e seus procuradores, bem como as modalidades de citação previstas na CLT e àquelas previstas no CPC, finalizando o capítulo tratando das nulidades processuais, demonstrando as peculiaridades do processo do trabalho. Ainda procurou-se traçar uma análise da petição inicial, em seu conceito, requisitos (endereçamento, causa de pedir, pedido, valor da causa e requerimentos), as hipóteses de aditamento, emenda e indeferimento da petição inicial. Após passou-se a analisar as hipóteses de respostas da reclamada, principalmente a exceção, contestação e reconvenção, traçando inclusive o procedimento a ser adotado para cada um deles. Demonstrou-se também que a realização da audiência deve ser revista pelos juízes do trabalho a fim de que sejam garantidos os princípios constitucionais do processo e por fim, tratou-se das provas no processo do trabalho. Por fim, foi analisado os meios de provas admissíveis ao processo do trabalho
Burgan, Sarah Catherine. "From Tolerance to Transmission: Linking Within-Individual to Community-Level Disease Processes." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6193.
Prates, Wlademir Ribeiro. "A tomada de decisão individual e em grupo." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/99256.
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O efeito disposição é realmente uma anomalia presente no processo de tomada de decisão? O efeito disposição surgiu do efeito reflexo a partir da teoria do prospecto (KAHNEMAN e TVERSKY, 1979). Este efeito refere-se à disposição dos indivíduos em vender rapidamente ativos ganhadores e em manter por um longo período ativos perdedores (SHEFRIN e STATMAN, 1985). Uma lacuna nos estudos de finanças comportamentais refere-se à análise da racionalidade na tomada de decisão entre indivíduos e grupos. Dessa forma, o presente estudo buscou verificar se (i) os indivíduos são afetados pelo efeito disposição em simulações do mercado de capitais e (ii) analisar se grupos são mais ou menos enviesados do que indivíduos no que tange a presença do efeito disposição. A importância de verificar se grupos são mais ou menos expostos ao efeito disposição que indivíduos está no fato de que muitas decisões cotidianas são tomadas por grupos e não por indivíduos (em empresas, universidades, famílias) (KOCHER e SUTTER, 2005). Nesta pesquisa foram realizados experimentos com 174 estudantes universitários. Os estudantes participaram de simulações de investimentos, tomando decisões individualmente, em duplas e trios. Os resultados mostraram que os indivíduos estão expostos à presença do efeito disposição, no entanto, esta exposição parece ser amenizada à medida que mais componentes são adicionados aos grupos. As duplas e trios não apresentaram efeito disposição estatisticamente significativo. Dessa forma, conclui-se que os grupos tendem a decidir de forma menos enviesada, pois foram mais avessos ao risco nas decisões com ativos que sofreram depreciação de valor. Assim, os grupos se aproximaram mais do que seria previsto pela teoria da utilidade esperada.
Is the disposition effect truly a present anomaly in decision making? The disposition effect arose from the reflection effect in the prospect theory (KAHNEMAN e TVERSKY, 1979). This effect refers to the investor's willingness to quickly sell winner assets and keep loser assets for a long period (SHEFRIN e STATMAN, 1985). A gap in behavioral finance studies is about the analysis of rationality in decision making among individuals and groups. Thus, this study sought to verify if (i) individuals are affected by the disposition effect in stock market simulations and (ii) to analyze whether groups are more or less biased than individuals regarding the presence of the disposition effect. The importance of checking whether groups are more or less exposed to the disposition effect than individuals is based in the fact that many daily decisions are taken by groups and not by individuals (in companies, universities, families) (KOCHER e SUTTER, 2005). In this research, 174 undergraduate students participated of experimental sessions. The students participated of investment simulations, where they took decisions individually, in pairs and in groups of three. The results showed that individuals are exposed to the presence of the disposition effect; however, this exposure appears to be attenuated when more components are added to the groups. The pairs and trios did not show a statistically significant disposition effect. This way, it is possible to conclude that there is a trend in group decision making in being less biased, because they were more risk averse in decisions with loser stocks. Thus, groups are closer than individuals about what would be predicted in the expected utility theory.
Guiche, Dorothée. "Le Virtuel, un miroir de l’Idéal ? : Etude clinique des processus psychiques individuels et groupaux." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H104.
In a society where the virtual is constantly present in our everyday life, this research is dealingwith the effect of its use on one’s psyche. The individual defense mechanisms which can beidentified in the use of the social networks, e.g., Facebook, as well as the groups’organizations due to one’s posts, are questioned. Three hypotheses are settled. First, there isno specific personality structure identified within the social network’s users. Second, beingall-powerful on his social network’s profile, the individual can get closer to an ideal egothanks to mirror relationships. This process enables the individual to fill his narcissisticweaknesses. Third, these mirror relationships will be at the base of the group movement andwill contribute to the virtual crowd’s creation. We analyze the semi-structured interviews, theRorschach and the Facebook profiles (analysis done by the software WeftQDA) of 14individuals. Their conscious visions are confronted to their unconscious use of the socialnetwork. The results put into relief a mechanism of a strong mirror resonance during the setupof the virtual crowd. Then, the resonance of phantasms organizes this web which takesplace in the individual’s unconscious as an internal group. The individual, pushed by aperverse phantasm, shows up idealized parts of himself on his Facebook profile. These areshared with the members of his virtual crowd, built by himself. The person is in this way theleader. Their voyeurism enables them to share common ideals and hence, unifies the virtualcrowd. The absence of inhibition and generation gap causes euphoria in the group. This is thesign of a group Illusion. In their willingness to maintain it, the individuals avoid the group’spsychic separation
Chabot, Pascal. "Processus techniques et processus d'individuation dans la philosophie de Gilbert Simondon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211737.
Battilana, Julie. "L'entrepreneuriat institutionnel : le rôle des individus dans les processus de changement institutionnel." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00131853.
Valentin, Caroline. "La légitimité des artistes de cabaret." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20019.
This work wants to bring definitions and clarifications about the artists working in the cabarets of Toulouse. In order to discern the “processes of legitimization” the artists struggle to assert their social, cultural, artistic, professional legitimacy.Due to the mystery which floats around these workers’ status, their way of life, their timetable, their rituals and codes, their organization in networks, their social circles and their atypical careers, people have a tendency to put the label of “particular”, “different”, “bohemian” on them. So, on the basis of the prejudices and on the predominant stereotypes, we can wonder how these artists of music-hall can justify their activities, their status in comparison with the order arts and especially how they succeed in exporting their legitimacy in other relational spheres. The hypothesis shows that the legitimacy of the artists of the cabaret in Toulouse is neither acquired nor assured in any circles.It is also a question of assessing the cultural legitimacy of this group among the other arts. These professional artists propose shows in live and we can wonder what place they have in the hierarchy of art, noticing that arts turned out to be structured by conflicts of values. Based on the principle of intra-individual variations, we can debate about “Cultural Democracy” and the hierarchies of cultural values, and so reveal the legitimacy of “the arts of entertainment”.This work is an ethnosociological survey, in which the researcher is involved in, and he denounces the social problems he experiences in his daily life
White, Rebecca Joy. "A priming / temperament model of system 1 and system 2 decision making processes." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124291507.
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Smith, David Anthony. "Value and time : exploring individual processes of value creation in two cycling groups." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23945.
Laurendeau, Roxanne. "Liens entre maltraitance et les problèmes de comportement extériorisés : rôles des processus individuels et relationnels." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5199/1/030354515.pdf.
Macchi, C. R. "Systemic change processes : a framework for exploring weight loss and weight loss maintenance processes within the individual and family context." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/205.
O'Dea, Conor James. "The effect of racial prejudice on perceptions of Black slurs used by Black individuals toward White individuals." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35550.
Department of Psychological Sciences
Donald A. Saucier
The current research examined whether participants’ levels of racial prejudice impact their perceptions of a Black racial slur (“nigga”) used by a Black individual toward a White individual. The “racism justification hypothesis” predicts racial prejudice will be negatively related to perceptions of offensiveness due to motivations to trivialize racial slurs which allows for increased use of the slur by individuals higher in prejudice. The “hierarchy defense hypothesis” predicts racial prejudice will be positively related to more negative perceptions of the slur due to White individuals seeking to resist affiliation with Black individuals and perceiving affiliative attempts as threatening. Consistent with the hierarchy defense hypothesis, the results showed racial prejudice predicted greater offensive and negatively expressive perceptions, and lower positively expressive perceptions following “nigga” being used by a Black individual toward a White individual (Study 1). In Study 2, the current research examined whether motivations to trivialize racial slurs (i.e., racism justification) versus participants’ experiences of threat (i.e., hierarchy defense) mediated the relationships between racial prejudice and perceptions of “nigga” used by a Black individual toward a White individual. Consistent with the hierarchy defense hypothesis, racial prejudice, through status hierarchy threat, predicted greater offensive and negatively expressive perceptions, and lower positively expressive perceptions. The racism justification hypothesis was also supported. Participants’ levels of racial prejudice, through racism trivialization, were generally related to lower perceptions of the slur as offensive and greater perceptions of the slur as positively expressive. The current research then examined participants’ perceptions of “nigga” reciprocated by the White individual toward the Black individual. Interestingly, racial prejudice, through status hierarchy threat, predicted greater offensive and negatively expressive perceptions and lower positively expressive perceptions. Racial prejudice, through racism trivialization, predicted generally lower offensive perceptions and greater positively expressive perceptions. Thus, participants may have used their experiences of threat as justification for explicit prejudice toward the Black individual (i.e., perceiving the slur as more offensive and negative), while individuals who experienced trivialization motivations attempted to decrease their experiences of suppression factors by perceiving the slur as less offensive, allowing for increased use of the slur. Implications for these findings are discussed.
Gómez, Nava Luis Alberto. "Phénoménologie de particules actives à états internes finis et discrets : une étude individuelle et collective." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4080/document.
In this thesis we introduce a theoretical framework to understand collections of active particles that operate with a finite number of discrete internal states that control the external behavior of these entities. The theoretical concepts developed in this thesis are conceived to understand the large number of existing multiagent biological systems where the individuals display distinct behavioral phases that alternate with each other. By construction, the premise of our theoretical model is that an external observer has access only to the external behavior of the individuals, but not to their internal state. It is only after careful examination of the behavioral dynamics that the existence of these internal states becomes evident. This analysis is key to be able to associate the experimentally observed behaviors of individuals with one or many internal states of the model. This association between states and behaviors should be done accordingly to the observations and the phenomenology displayed by the biological system that is being the subject of study. The possible scenarios that can be observed using our theoretical model are determined by the design of the internal mechanism of the individuals (number of internal states, transition rates, etc...) and will be of markovian nature by construction. All the experimental and theoretical work contained in this thesis is evidence that our model is suitable to be used to describe real-life systems showing individual or collective intermittent behaviors. This here-introduced new framework of active particles with internal states is still in development and we are convinced that it can potentially open new branches of research at the interface between physics, biology and mathematics