Дисертації з теми "Processus géochimiques"
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Cauwet, Gustave. "Dynamique de la matière organique dans les milieux marin et polyhalins : son rôle dans les processus géochimiques aux interfaces." Perpignan, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PERP1066.
Повний текст джерелаEnjolvy, Rémi. "Processus d'accrétion crustale et régimes thermiques dans le bouclier des Guyanes : signatures géochimiques et thermochronologiques au Transamazonien (2250-1950Ma)." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20237.
Повний текст джерелаPerez, Florian. "Production d'hydrogène par la serpentinisation des roches mantelliques : apport de la modélisation à la compréhension des processus physiques et géochimiques." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846873.
Повний текст джерелаLagneau, Vincent. "Modélisation des couplages entre réactions géochimiques et processus hydrodynamiques en milieu poreux - applications au stockage de CO2 et à l'exploitation d'uranium." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879817.
Повний текст джерелаFerrando, Carlotta. "Transport de magma et processus d’assimilation-précipitation dans la croute océanique inférieure hétérogène : contraintes microstructurales et pétro-géochimiques de forages océaniques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT156/document.
Повний текст джерелаAt slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges the lower oceanic crust is extremely heterogeneous, and its formation must be related to some extents of melt-rock interactions. To constrain the relative contribution of crystallization processes and melt-rock interactions on the geochemical budget and architecture of the slow-spread oceanic crust, I investigated two gabbroic sequences sampled in situ at the Atlantis Massif (AM, 30°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, MAR) and the Atlantis Bank (AB, 32°S, 57°E, Southwest Indian Ridge, SWIR), where gabbros are exposed by long-lived detachment faults. I performed (i) a multi-scale petro-structural, geochemical and numerical modeling study of primitive gabbroic rocks drilled at the AM, and (ii) a petrographic and geochemical study of olivine gabbros recovered at the AB. AM was drilled during IODP Expeditions 304/305. The heterogeneous lower oceanic crust recovered at Site U1309 presents discrete intervals of olivine-rich troctolites (Ol-T). They are distinguished by partially dissolved olivines with relatively high Fo (86) and Ni contents (>2000 ppm), and they are characterized by the co-precipitation of high Mg# (86-88) clinopyroxene and plagioclase. These characteristics suggest that Ol-T result from impregnation of an olivine-rich protolith by a melt undersaturated in olivine. The flat geochemical profiles across olivine and adjacent minerals suggest that the composition of the protolith was modified by this impregnating melt. Yet, Ni, Li and Co display extremely variable compositions at constant olivine Mg#, suggesting that they retain the signature of the precursor material. Modeling indicates that these chemical variations are likely inherited from the U1309D harzburgites. Experiments show that the melt distribution and paths in a porous media is controlled by the mineral modes of the host rock. The heterogeneous distribution of orthopyroxene in the precursor harzburgitic mantle locally drives the abundance of impregnating melt, leading to different extents of olivine dissolution, as evidenced by variations in mineral modes and chemistry of the AM Ol-T. Geochemical modeling indicates that the melt percolation and assimilation of about 5% of a mantle protolith can explain the formation of the Ol-T. One consequence of this reactive process in Hole U1309D is the shift of melt compositions toward apparent high pressure fractionation. However, no high pressure chemical signature is observed in MORBs from the AM, while it is recorded in MORBs from the nearly amagmatic region along the SWIR (61°-67°E). AB was drilled during IODP Expedition 360. The recovered lower oceanic crust is dominated by olivine gabbros (75%) and oxide gabbros (20%). The section is in places intensively deformed. Shipboard studies have documented textures of plagioclase assimilation by an invading melt crystallizing clinopyroxene. Compositions of olivine gabbros reach relatively evolved signature (Yb = 3-10 x C1-chondrite; MORB Yb = 19). Previous studies on olivine gabbros from AB showed that their formation can be ascribed to assimilation of an oceanic crust by clinopyroxene-saturated trace element enriched melts. The study of AM and AB reveals melt-rock interactions and mineral assimilation associated to melt transport through the accreting lower oceanic crust. Similar textural and chemical features are observed at Kane (24°N, MAR) and in ophiolite complexes (e.g., Alpine and Appennine ophiolites). These evidences indicate that melt-rock interactions are probably ubiquitous, and contribute to shaping the slow-spread lower oceanic crust. The characterization of gabbroic rocks drilled at Hess Deep suggests that melt-rock interactions may take place also at fast-spreading ridge. Melt transport and associated mineral assimilation processes likely play a major role in the building of the oceanic crust overall. Their contribution to the formation of MORB is likely controlled by melt productivity in the upwelling mantle
Parron, Claude. "Voies et mécanismes de cristallogénèse des minéraux argileux ferrifères en milieu marin : le processus de glauconitisation : évolutions minérales, structurales et géochimiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30032.
Повний текст джерелаLagneau, Vincent. "Influence des processus géochimiques sur le transport en milieu poreux : application au colmatage de barrières de confinement potentielles dans un stockage en formation géologique." ENSMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP1031.
Повний текст джерелаAnras, Loïc. "Influence du réseau hydraulique sur la qualité des eaux de surface dans un marais littoral agricole : rôle des processus géochimiques à l'interface eau-sédiment." Poitiers, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01737226.
Повний текст джерелаPeltier, Aline. "Suivi, modélisation et évolution des processus d'injections magmatiques au Piton de La Fournaise (Réunion) à partir d'une analyse croisée des données de déformation, géochimiques et structurales." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462628.
Повний текст джерелаClaret, Francis. "Caractérisation structurale des transitions minéralogiques dans les formations argileuses : Contrôles et implications géochimiques des processus d'illitisation. Cas particulier d'une perturbation alcaline dans le Callovo-Oxfordien - Laboratoire souterrain Meuse-Haute Marne." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005247.
Повний текст джерелаTourneur, Enora. "Circulation de fluides aux abords de failles d’échelle crustale : contraintes structurales, microtectoniques, inclusions fluides et géochimiques sur les processus de formation du gisement de Bou Azzer (Ni-Co), Anti-Atlas, Maroc." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG064.
Повний текст джерелаThe Co-Ni district of Bou Azzer (Anti-Atlas, Morocco) is a unique and particular type of deposit because formed in a context carbonated serpentinite. Two types of mineralisation are exploited: massive orebodies and a system of veins.The massive mineralisations are metallic bodies, in the form of lenses, oriented N120°E and essentially enriched in Ni- and Co-arsenides. They are located at the contact between serpentinite, quartz diorite and Precambrian volcanic rocks. Their formation is realised under medium temperature conditions at ca. 220°C, high salinity at 38% wt eq. NaCl fluids and pressures bracketed between 67-2883 bars.Vein systems are controlled by faults that are systematically mineralised in Co- and Fe- arsenides when they intersect the massive mineralisations. These veins intersect all the lithologic units of the Bou Azzer inlier, except for the Cambrian sedimentary formation. They are trending between NS to N070°E and are systematically associated with normal movements in vertical planes. In the horizontal plane, the mineralised faults present sinistral or dextral motions coherent with a transtensive context controlled by a N030°E shortening direction. Associated fluid yields minimum temperatures of emplacement at 170°C in average, salinity between 32 and 41% wt eq. NaCl and pressures ranging from 24 to 1800 bars.All structures describe a same mineral paragenesis, a same textures and a same type of hosted gangues (quartz and carbonates). Fluids evolve since Ni-(Co-Fe) rich end-members to Co-(Ni-Fe) rich one since massive mineralisations to vein systems inducing a continuum in the formation of both types of mineralisation.Two types of textures are observed in massive mineralisation: a Brecciated Massive Mineralisation (BMM) texture and a Laminated Massive Mineralisation (LMM) one. BMM is characterised by i) Ni-/Co-arsenides fractured by serpentine; ii) residual fragments of serpentinite, iii) spinel relics and iv) fragments of Ni-arsenides isolated within the carbonated gangue. The texture of the gangue reflects the fact that these mineralised lenses are certainly previously formed brecciated bodies of an early gangue of serpentinite and spinel relics. The LMM is described as alternating Ni- arsenides and carbonated gangue layers. The combination of these two textures reflects the early architecture of the faulted contact, i.e. the BMM are ancient brecciated bodies whereas the LMM are witness of ancient mylonitic levels.Geochemical analyses carried out on arsenides, carbonate gangues, spinels and the liquid part of fluid inclusions show a common enrichment in Co, Ni, As, Zn, Bi, Cu, Ag and Au and the same for Na/K, Li/B, V/Cr, As/V, Zn/V, Co/Cr. The close relationship between these mineralisations and their host-rocks indicates that the leaching of pre-existing ultramafic fragments (spinels and Ni-arsenides) by a mineralising fluid and the in-situ metal precipitation are the processes at the origin of the cobalt- Bou Azzer nickel.The early formation of the serpentinite brecciated gangue is interpreted as a result of crustal thinning in a hyper-extensional context that occurred around 540-560 Ma and accompanied by an initiation of oceanic crust formation. The circulation of seawater in the mantle would be the main agent of its serpentinisation. The exhumation would be the vector of the rise and the brecciation of the serpentinite put in contact with a quartz diorite. Consequently, the formation of the Bou Azzer mineralisation would begin with the serpentinisation process, described during the early stages of the mineralisation process and ended by tectonically controlled vein formation
Bulourde, Marc. "Processus d'altération des basaltes du Mont Cameroun : approche géochimique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619383.
Повний текст джерелаGERBERT-GAILLARD, LAURE. "Caractérisation Géochimique des Péridotites de l'ophiolite d'Oman : processus magmatiques aux limites lithosphère/asthenosphère." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002961.
Повний текст джерела*L'ensemble du manteau exploré est composé de péridotites très réfractaires, comparables à celles des autres ophiolites et aux péridotites abyssales. Néanmoins, il montre un enrichissement en éléments très incompatibles, impliquant une percolation réactive par des fluides, et une refertilisation partielle en clinopyroxène, comme le montre la présence de harzburgites riches en cette phase minérale.
*Le nouveau segment possède des caractéristiques chimiques supplémentaires, tel le rapport Cr# élevé (>50) des spinelles, qui n'apparaît pas spécifique des dunites ou d'un environnement géodynamique particulier, et la composition différente des pyroxènes, qui implique des températures de blocage plus élevées en relation avec un processus de percolation magmatique.
*La zone de transition à l'axe du nouveau segment s'identifie par l'importance des réactions liquide/roche qui concernent l'ensemble des lithologies : harzburgites, dunites et dunites imprégnées.
*Les limites du nouveau segment (zones de cisaillement) et la base de la nappe sont caractérisées par des textures porphyroclastiques BT (<1000°C) et des enrichissements en clinopyroxènes. Ceux-ci sont interprétés comme une cristallisation partielle de magmas associée à un front de percolation aux limites manteau convectif/manteau conductif.
*L'ensemble des faciès montre une contamination par l'eau de mer, impliquant des rapports du 87Sr et du 207Pb radiogéniques, largement acquise avant la serpentinisation (T>500°C).
Cette étude met l'accent sur l'importance de la segmentation dans le contrôle des processus magmatiques et hydrothermaux aux dorsales rapides, notion qui permettra de progresser dans la compréhension de ces processus.
Devau, Nicolas. "Processus rhizosphériques déterminant la disponibilité en phosphore : apport de la modélisation mécaniste géochimique." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0019.
Повний текст джерелаRoot-induced chemical processes are recognized as a major strategy developed by plants to enhance phosphorus (P) availability and thus to promote P acquisition. However, the exact influence of these root-induced chemical processes is still poorly understood and quantified. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of root-induced chemical processes, especially root-induced pH changes, on P availability in the rhizosphere. In this work, we used a set of mechanistic adsorption models (« 1-pK triple plane », ion-exchange and Nica-Donnan) within the framework of the component additive approach in order to simulate the effects of root activity on P availability. First, we described the effects of pH on P availability in several soils unaffected by roots, a Chromic Cambisol and a Luvisol. The Luvisol showed different concentrations in inorganic P because of a long-term fertilisation trial. In the rhizosphere of durum wheat (Triticum tu rgidum durum L.) grown on these two soils, we found that calcium (Ca) uptake, in addition to P uptake and root-induced alkalisation, controlled to various extents the changes of soil P availability. Calcium uptake markedly increased P availability by decreasing the promoting effect of Ca adsorption on P adsorption. The relative influence of these three root processes depended on the solution composition (especially concentration of Ca and pH). Our simulations showed the relationship between changes in P availability and the speciation of adsorbed P onto the different soil minerals. Soil mineralogy, especially the relative abundance of illite vs. Fe oxides, controlled the influence of root processes by regulating the contribution of soil minerals to P adsorption. By identifying a novel root-induced processes, namely the Ca uptake, and describing its influence on P availability, our results demonstrate the ability of surface complexation models to predict the effects of root-i nduced processes on P availability in soils
Pimbert, Anthony. "Processus de déclenchement de l'Evénement Océanique Anoxique 2 : étude géochimique de sédiments atlantiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU037/document.
Повний текст джерелаOceanic Anoxic Events (OAE) are brief and extreme events that mostly occurred during the Cretaceous and are defined by the burial of massive amounts of organic carbon. These events have been intensely investigated in the last 40 years but the mechanism that triggered OAEs remains problematic. In order to better constrain what causes these events, we realised a complete geochemical study (major and trace elements, isotopic compositions of Nf and Hf) of various sedimentary fractions (detrital and authigenic) for marine sediments associated with the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or OAE2 (93.5 Ma). We focused our study on two marine sections that represent different depositional settings : a shallow marine setting, close to the continental shelf (Taghazoute, Morocco) and a abyssal marine section (DSDP Site 367, Cape-Verde), far from the African shelf.The remarkable stability of the Nd-Hf decoupling in both sections indicates no obvious change of continental weathering approaching OAE2. Our conclusions diverge from the hypothesis that proposes an higher nutrient input through an enhanced continental weathering as a triggering mechanism of OAEs. However, Nd isotopic compositions of authigenic fractions measured at Site 367, interpreted as past oceanic composition, exhibit a positive isotopic excursion and indicate a magmatic contribution in the deep Atlantic Ocean during OAE2. These new data are consistent with previous isotopic studies and support the role of Large Igneous Province (in our case, the Caribbean Plateau) as nutrient provider and triggering mechanism of anoxic events.The combined study of rare earth elements (REE) and Nd isotopic compositions of authigenic fractions recovered by leaching demonstrates the incorporation of detrital material in authigenic fractions in shallow marine settings. These new results challenge the traditional belief that authigenic material always records an untouched seawater composition. Finally, the extensive study of trace element concentrations of these same fractions demonstrated the strong impact of sample lithology on their trace element content. Our study also questions the relevance of sequential leaching methods that facilitate external contamination when sediments are submitted to repeated leaching steps
Oudin, Elisabeth. "Les sulfures océaniques : étude minéralogique et géochimique des processus hydrothermaux actuels et fossiles." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30090.
Повний текст джерелаGerbert-Gaillard, Laure. "Caractérisation géochimique des péridotites de l'ophiolite d'Oman : processus magmatiques aux limites lithosphère/asthénosphère." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20187.
Повний текст джерелаFleurent, Léonora. "Mécanismes d’enregistrement géochimique liés à des processus cinétiques au moment de la précipitation des travertins." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS204/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe response of continental groundwater systems to recent climate fluctuations can be reconstructed via the continuous measurement of groundwater level, spring flow and climatic chronicles. When any data exist, recent reconstructions of groundwater dynamics may be reached through various recorders of environmental and hydrological conditions such as travertine. Although the relationship between geochemical records in travertine and environmental parameters seems to be accepted, the details of processes and their respective weight in the paleo-information are not clearly established.Rate of CO2 degassing in CO2-rich spring likely influences calcite precipitation rate and the related δ18O and δ13C composition. Isotopic equilibrium is rarely maintained during travertine deposition and the degassing rate is the main controlling factor of the disequilibrium. Due to the lack of knowledge, fractionation processes, either kinetic or equilibrium, occurring between CO2-rich water, gas and travertine required specific pH and temperature-controlled laboratory tests. These tests were conducted on synthetic water at different pH to focus only on the degassing processes. Other tests were conducted on trace elements partitioning during calcite precipitation, to identify the origin of isotopic signature variability, and to constraint the way of recording past conditions.All these tests confirmed that during a degassing leading to travertine precipitation, the speciation of dissolved inorganic carbon species is a major parameter to be tackled since a linear relationship between εDIC-CO2(g) and pH is observed. Indeed, we highlighted that for a high degassing rate, the isotopic equilibrium is not reached because the reaction greater involves light isotopes than heavy ones. There is thus different reaction rate between the species of dissolved inorganic carbon, the reactions occurring faster in the water than the one between water and gas, the latter being controlled by diffusion
Noël, Julie. "Etude pétro-structurale et géochimique des processus de serpentinisation et de carbonatation des péridotites de l’ophiolite d’Oman." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG072/document.
Повний текст джерелаMantle rocks exposed in seafloor and/or directly in contact with atmosphere in ophiolite system are thermodynamically and chemically in disequilibrium. Mantle alteration is driven by serpentinization (ie, hydration and oxidation-reduction reactions) and carbonatization reactions. These reactions play an major role in the chemical exchanges between the deep mantle and the outer envelops, especially in the global mass budget of volatiles (C, H and O) via CO2 mineralization, hydrogen production and formation of hydrocarbons and prebiotic molecules. Oman ophiolite is an ideal "natural laboratory" for studying alteration reactions in mantle rocks from ocean hydrothermalism to modern continental weathering.This thesis presents the results of a multi-technical and multi-scale study on carbonate-hosted serpentinized peridotites in two sites, Wadi Dima and Batin (Wadi Tayin massif), considered representative of the alteration processes affecting the Oman ophiolite. This work combines (micro-) structural (EBSD, µ-tomography), petrographical (EPMA), mineralogical (Raman, Cathodoluminescence, (3D-)XANES), geochemical ((LA)-ICPMS) and isotopic studies (O, C in situ and micro-bulk).Studies in Wadi Dima harzburgites have highlighted successive episodes of serpentinization and carbonatization in Oman peridotites from oceanic lithosphere cooling to Oman Ophiolite emplacement. Serpentinization occurs in oceanic setting (REE depletion, negative Ce anomalies), probably during the onset of the oceanic lithosphere cooling and / or of the intra-oceanic detachment, at < 200-220°C, driven by the formation of lizardite veins constituting the mesh structure. Serpentinization continues at lower temperature with the formation of chrysotile in the center of the mesh structure, replacing olivine. The last stage of serpentinization is concurrent with early carbonatization and generates the complete peridotite alteration at < 100°C. In this rock-dominated system, fluid flow paths are controlled by nano-porosity (etch pits), by pore scale weakness and by local heterogeneity in permeability, generating local chemical heterogeneities (Ce anomalies variability and carbon isotope heterogeneity). Carbonatization continues at < 50°C during the transition in continental setting. Carbonate veins are formed during interaction with sediment-derived fluids during intra-oceanic detachment at the onset of obduction and with surface and sub-surface fluids during modern continental Ophiolite weathering. This process records the transition from oceanic diffuse-flow rock-dominated to cooler continental fluid-focused-flow fluid-dominated hydrothermal systems. Paradoxically, initial mantle structure controls orientation and distribution of carbonate veins.Batin site is distinguished by its complex structure with the presence of abundant gabbros and pyroxenites dikes, evidence of magmatic impregnation peridotites. Serpentinization is charcheterized by the formation of an uncommon texture in rings ("fingerprint") at the expense of olivine, marked by chemically variation in Fe-Mg and redox at microscale and by disequilibrium oxygen isotopic composition. These features are interpreted as resulting from local disequilibrium in the transport-nucleation-reaction processes that may be related to several parameters: high temperature gradient, redox, fluid composition, and permeability.This thesis brings new constraints on temporal and spatial relations between serpentinization and carbonatization reactions, on local chemical heterogeneities at micro-scale and on the global chemical budget of volatiles (C, H and O) in Oman peridotites. It has highlighted the possibility to store CO2 and producing H2 simultaneously during subseafloor alteration
Dassonville, Fabrice. "Couplages entre processus microbiens anaérobies et réactivité géochimique pour un calcic cambisol amendé en glucose : modèle et expériences." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10164.
Повний текст джерелаDouville, Eric. "Les fluides hydrothermaux océaniques : comportement géochimique des éléments traces et des terres rares : processus associés et modélisation thermodynamique." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2004.
Повний текст джерелаYouego, Sihon Joëlle Reine. "Impacts des facteurs lithologiques et anthropiques sur la qualité des eaux en zone tropicale urbanisée : cas du bassin versant de la Mefou (Cameroun, Afrique centrale)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/5127/.
Повний текст джерелаThis research addresses the influence of human activities on tropical hydro-ecosystems. Its purpose is to assess the impact of urbanization on water resources. It aims to improve our knowledge of geochemical processes and material transfers in urban and peri-urban areas. The study was conducted in the Mefou river basin (840 km2, Central Africa), a tributary of the Nyong River. This basin includes the entire urban and peri-urban area of the city of Yaoundé, the capital of Cameroon, with a population of about 2.8 million inhabitants, and classified as the country's second largest metropolis. Concentrations of major and trace elements in the dissolved fraction, dissolved and particulate organic carbon, and metals in suspended solids were measured in groundwater and runoff water from the Mefou basin heads to the Nyong River. The results present the interactions between water/rock/soil and the effects of urbanization. The normalization of concentrations with the Upper Continental Crust (UCC) shows the influence of the granito-gneissic bedrock on the composition of groundwater and surface water in the Mefou catchment area. There is an enrichment in alkalis (Na, K), alkaline earths (Ca, Mg), transition metals (Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) and REEs (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Yb, Lu). The remarkable enrichment of surface waters in Eu is explained by the alteration of plagioclases. Comparison of the Mefou catchment area with the reference sites, the Nsimi catchment area (source and stream of the Mengong) and the Nyong River monitored for more than twenty years under the SNO MTROPICS, shows a very significant enrichment of the waters in major elements (Cl, SO4, NO3, Na, K, Ca, Mg). Human activities lead to water contamination by nutrients and metals, and influence the dynamics of processes such as the absence of metal complexation by organic matter, probably due to the absence or low concentration of humic and fulvic acids. In groundwater, Mn, Al, Ba, Zn, Zn, Fe are the dominant transition metals and nitrate contamination (942 ± 127 µmol/L) is noted with concentrations above the standard set by the World Health Organization (806 µmol/L), and to a lesser extent by some metals like Al, Mn. In surface waters, Fe, Mn, Ba, Al, Zn, Cu are the most important metallic trace elements. However, the average concentration of Mn (4.1 ± 0.8 µmol/L) and the maximum concentration of Fe (267 µmol/L) are higher than the recommended standards (1.8 µmol/L and 35.8 µmol/L, respectively). Pollution is gradually decreasing from Mfoundi (a tributary of the Mefou River in town) to the Mefou River and the Nyong River. This natural self-regulation process is due to the dilution, sedimentation, degradation and adsorption of elements in lowland areas and in the riverbed occupied by macrophytes with a phytoremediator role. Indeed, the large volumes of water from the other tributaries of the Mefou and Nyong rivers, which drain areas with little or no anthropisation, dilute the concentration of elements in the highly mineralised waters from the urban area. The flat relief downstream of the Mefou basin slows the flow of the river and favours the deposition of suspended particles loaded with pollutants. The roots of the macrophytes in this vast and highly developed swampy area trap the organic and mineral pollutants of the Mefou River and contribute to the decrease in their concentration in the river's water
Noiriel, Catherine. "Contribution à la détermination expérimentale et à la modélisation des différents processus contrôlant l'évolution géochimique, structurale et hydrodynamique des roches fissurées carbonatées." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012048.
Повний текст джерелаGranet, Mathieu. "Constantes de temps des processus d'érosion et d'altération dans le système himalayen : Approche géochimique élémentaire et isotopique par les séries de l'Uranium." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/GRANET_Mathieu_2007.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe time-scales of erosion and weathering processes are key parameters which need to be determined to understand the response of the reliefs to external forcings like tectonics, climate and human activities. They were recovered by using U-series nuclides analyzed in sediments and suspended materials carried by the Himalayan rivers of the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins. In the Ganges basin, the time-scales of weathering determined from the study of coarse sediments carried by the Kali Gandaki range from several ky, where the surrection is located, to 350 ky. Such values indicate that the bedrocks are in situ weathered for a long period before the weathering residual products get transported in the rivers as coarse sediments. At the outlet of the high range, these sediments are carried by the tributaries of the Ganges, the Gandak and Ghaghara, during a transfer period of about 100 ka. The study of the sediments at the outlet of the Brahmaputra tributaries allows to propose time-scales of weathering ranging from 110 to 270 ky. Such long periods confirm that during their transfer in the plains, the sediments are temporarily trapped at several places in the basins. In the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, the time-scales of sedimentary transfer are 575 and 160 ky, respectively. These values, which are of the same order as their response times, are much longer than the time-scales of the Quaternary climate oscillations. It confirms the buffering action of the asiatic alluvial plains for the high-frequency sediment flux variations in response to external forcings in the chain. The study of suspended materials suggests that their chemical compositions result from the mixing of coarse river sediments with fine particles from various locations in the basin which are affected by vegetation recycling. By contrast to coarse sediments, the time-scales of transfer for the suspended materials are fast, e. G. A few ky, pointing the potential of U-series nuclides to assess particle transport laws as a function of their size
Rospabé, Mathieu. "Etude pétrologique, géochimique et structurale de la zone de transition dunitique dans l'ophiolite d'Oman : identification des processus pétrogénétiques à l'interface manteau/croûte." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30071/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe origin of the dunitic transition zone (DTZ) between the mantle and the crust is still largely unknown, as well as the physical and chemical processes involved in its genesis. To address this topic, this thesis focused on the petrological, geochemical and structural study of 20 cross-sections (600 samples) collected along the DTZ from the Sumail massif, Oman ophiolite, 400 meters thick and located above a former paleo-mantle diapir. In addition to mineral compositions acquired using in situ methods (microprobe, LA-ICP-MS) and to whole rock major elements, the development of an analytical procedure permitted to determine trace element contents in dunites that display low concentrations (regularly about one ng.g-1). The DTZ is made of pure dunites (olivine and minor chromites), and of impregnated ones, containing a variable amount of interstitial minerals that crystallized from a percolating melt. These latter rocks contain an unexpected mineralogical variety with, in addition to clinopyroxene and plagioclase showing a MORB affinity, the presence of orthopyroxene, amphibole, garnet and diopsides that highlights a hybridization process between the MORB and hydrated fluids. The high Mg# ratio and TiO2 content in orthopyroxene and amphibole together with the clinopyroxene composition, intermediate between igneous clinopyroxene and pure hydrothermal diopside, allow deciphering the nature of the parent melt as the result of the mixing between tholeiitic melt and a supercritical water enriched in silica, or trondhjemitic fluid issued from the hydrated incongruent melting of mantle orthopyroxene, similar to melts produced by the hydrated melting of country rocks (serpentinized peridotites, troctolites, gabbros). All these minerals are observed both in interstitial position and as inclusions in chromite, showing that they crystallized early and that hybrid melts participated to the genesis of the DTZ. The comparison between mineral and whole rock compositions permitted to highlight the different processes that led to the observed chemical signatures of dunites: the protolithe signature, the dunitization process, chemical reequilibration between the olivine matrix and the percolating MORB, refertilization following the crystallization of interstitial minerals, as well as the effects of later serpentinization. Pure dunites, characterized by U or V-shaped REE patterns, seem to have acquired early the LREE-enriched signature that probably results from the reequilibration with silica- and incompatible trace elements-rich fluids (REE, Th, U, HFSE) generated through the harzburgite orthopyroxenes incongruent melting and probably reflecting the hybrid melt that crystallized interstitial hydrous minerals. The structural study of the DTZ in Sumail highlights the effect of synmagmatic faults on the DTZ development, resulting in the alternation between pure and impregnated horizons as well as in the vertical chemical structuration with compositions evolving on few tens of meters until fault zones. This is particularly true for chemical species expected as immobile during weathering as Ti, REE or Th. The DTZ seems to have been developed in a transtensional environment structured by two main faults systems, oriented N130 and N165-180. These faults spatially constrained both the melt flow, thus the dunitization, and the introduction of hydrothermal fluids probably oceanic in origin. This meeting zone between igneous and hydrothermal fluids can strongly influence the chemical exchanges and distribution between the deep lithosphere and the surface. The comparison between the Sumail DTZ and other ones from Oman or Trinity (California) ophiolites, which evolved in a different magmatic setting, shows the systematic role of synmagmatic faults. Melts that percolated these other DTZ were under-saturated in Al and saturated in water, allowing to interpret the hydrated component as an essential condition for dunites genesis at the mantle-crust transition
Regba, Mohamed. "Etude géochimique d'un segment de croute océanique fossile : la nappe ophiolitique du Semail en Oman : Genèse des séries magmatiques et processus hydrothermaux associés." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30215.
Повний текст джерелаLaporte, Didier. "Un exemple d'intrusion syntectonique : l'intrusion d'Ile-Rousse, Corse du nord-ouest : étude pétrographique, minéralogique et géochimique, analyse structurale." Saint-Etienne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STET4001.
Повний текст джерелаChevalier, Nicolas. "Processus biogéochimiques du cycle du méthane dans les environnements de sources de fluides froids (mer de Norvège et mer de Marmara) : approche géochimique organique." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066155.
Повний текст джерелаBost, Nicolas. "L'analyse géochimique et minéralogique de matériaux analogues de Mars et la création de l'International Space Analogue Rock Store." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747077.
Повний текст джерелаLiotta, Angelo. "Compréhension des processus d’altération naturelle et expérimentale des vitrifiats. Application à des verres volcaniques de la Sicile orientale (Italie)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10146/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to study the effects of weathering and experimental alteration in order to understand the geochemical processes involved and the variation of mineral phases in altered natural glasses. For the first time, five samples of natural volcanic glasses having different composition were collected in eastern Sicily (Italy) in order to be artificially altered and analyzed. The study of naturally altered samples has allowed to observe the effects of weathering after a period of time corresponding to the age of the sample. Moreover, the use of samples of natural glass of volcanic origin has allowed to obtain some powder or thin plates of fresh silicate glass that have been subjected to artificial alteration in the laboratory, in order to model the geochemical processes that have occurred. Alteration experiments were conducted in pure water at 90°C; samples have been altered from 1 to 1000 days of experiment. The characterization of the samples was obtained by Raman spectroscopy, which showed the effects of the devitrification and the presence of some secondary minerals such as carbonates and anatase on the obsidian thin plates, but also phillipsite and chabazite, two varieties of zeolite usually found in the cavities of oldest basalts. Solid modifications were observed by SEM. The analysis showed the formation of several secondary minerals having a composition compatible with smectites, determined by EDS spectroscopy. All these results allow to test the geochemical modeling in the long term. Further analysis will be needed to reach a full understanding of the weathering of glassy materials
Taquet, Noémie. "Monitoring géochimique de la géosphère et l'atmosphère : application au stockage géologique du CO2." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0252/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is based on the problematic of gas exchanges at the interface between the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere through the geochemical monitoring of gas applied to CO2 geological storage sites. Concerning the "Metrological" aspect, we developed and implemented an in situ continuous geochemical monitoring station, based on coupling FTIR/ Raman spectrometry for measuring soil gas (O2, N2, CO2, CH4 and H2O) close to the injection wells of Rousse 1 (CCS Total pilot, Lacq-Rousse, France). We also developed protocols to identify and quantify CO2, CH4, SO2, H2S in the atmosphere (plume) by passive remote sensing FTIR. On the "Monitoring" and "Modelling" aspects, the continuous recording of soil CO2 concentration during more than 7 seasonal cycles indicate that CO2 concentration in the soil was anti-correlated with changes in piezometric level of the groundwater. This correlation was used to model the limits of natural variability of CO2 content in the soil, which is a key to CCS sites monitoring. The main fluctuations in soil CO2 content was assigned to a dissolution/release process of CO2 by the perched water table, acting as a CO2 pump. The CO2 concentration at the near surface (+ 1 m) would be governed by changes of the soil CO2 content. FITR remote sensing measurement of atmospheric gases allowed for the first time to perform an experimental 3D simulation of CO2 layers on the injection site. This type of experimental simulation is a first step for the monitoring of gases in the atmosphere
Kerber, Schütz Marta. "Le rôle des bactéries hydrogénotrophes et ferri-réductrices sur le processus de corrosion en contexte de stockage géologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4332/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this study is to evaluate the role of hydrogenotrophic and IRB activities on anoxic corrosion process by using geochemical indicators. It is assumed that the redox couple H2/Fe(III) is an important driver for bacterial activities potentially affecting the corrosion rate by destabilization of passive layers (i.e. magnetite, Fe3O4). Our results indicate that synthetized Fe3O4 is destabilized in the presence of hydrogenotrophic IRB due to structural Fe(III) reduction coupled to H2 oxidation. The extent of Fe(III) bioreduction is notably enhanced with the increase in the H2 concentration in the system: 4% H2 < 10% H2 < 60% H2. Moreover, the results indicate that corrosion extent changes according to the solution composition and the surface of metallic sample (iron powder and carbon steel coupon). The solid corrosion products are different for each sample: vivianite, siderite and chukanovite are the main mineral phases identified in the experiments with iron powder, while vivianite and magnetite are identified with carbon steel coupons. Our results demonstrate that corrosion rate is increased almost two-fold in the presence of bacteria after 5 months of reaction. This study gives new insights regarding the understanding of biocorrosion phenomena, identification of physicochemical mechanisms, and determination of key parameters controlling the corrosion rate
Nlend, Bertil. "Processus hydrologiques dans une zone côtière hyper-humide sous forte influence anthropique (Douala, Cameroun). : Une étude géochimique de la dynamique de l'eau de l'atmosphère au sous-sol." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD055.
Повний текст джерелаA multidisciplinary approach was carried out in Douala, a humid tropical coastal megacity (Cameroon, West Africa) which already experiences some environmental changes due to population growth, urbanization and industrialization. We aimed at identifying the hydrological processes involved in this peculiar site, which records approximately 4 m of rainfall/year and undergoes almost continuous rainfall during year. Moreover since it is well known that modifications in land uses may profoundly influence hydrology, we need to improve our understanding on key hydrological processes in such tropical humid. To answer this question, we focus on water fluxes across the critical zone (land–atmosphere-subsurface continuum) through isotopic and chemical data from water vapour, rainfall and groundwater.Concerning atmospheric fluxes, results highlight an influence of large scale meteorological conditions on precipitation stable isotope composition. Classical processes (thermo-dependency, amount effect, continental recycling) observed elsewhere cannot be applied in Douala region. The intensity of upstream convection and the size of convective system mostly impact monthly and daily rainfalls. We also put in evidence that extended clouds in altitude, due to strong convection, provoke depleted precipitation in heavy isotopes. Moreover, the isotopic signature in rainfall is similar to that of water vapour, thus meaning a lack of post-condensational effects.By coupling this isotopic signal of precipitation with that of groundwater, we show that the Mio-Pliocene aquifer in Douala is recharged locally by rainwater and that this recharge occurs preferentially from April to August and November. There is no fractionating process during the infiltration of rainwater. Stable isotopes in groundwater highlight the existence of different flow paths within this multi-layered aquifer. We identified a deep flow path that mays correspond to groundwater with long residence time compared to shallower ones. Information obtained by the isotopes is similar to that provided by hydro-meteorological and potentiometric data. The aquifer recharge varies between 892.6 mm and 933.6 mm/year. Rainwater infiltrates at high altitudes, then flows underground with a velocity estimated to 1.96 m/day, before reaching the estuary. Groundwater chemistry enforces these findings. Water mineralization clearly increases along a flow path conducting water from the recharge zone (high altitudes) to the discharge area (estuary). Concentrations in main ions are partly controlled by rainfall intensity through the dilution effect, water-rocks interactions processes and human activities.The impacts of these human activities on groundwater quantity and quality, but also, on a more general way on climatic changes within the region, have been then deeply investigated. The results show that there is a widespread degradation of groundwater quality due to anthropogenic activities, leading also to seawater intrusion in some coastal megacities of West Africa. Groundwater deterioration tends to be emphasized by climate change (through an increase in CO2, increase in air temperatures and slight increase in precipitation amount).Finally this thesis provides new insights for tropical hydrology and key management tools to Douala water resource managers.Keywords: Douala, Rainwater; Mio-Pliocene groundwater; stable isotopes; major ions; upstream convection; anthropogenic activities, critical zone
Dahire, Mohamed. "Granites et leucogranites péralumineux du Brezouard et du Bilstein (Vosges moyennes) : caractères pétrographiques, géochimiques et minéralogiques." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10027.
Повний текст джерелаTurpin, Mélanie. "Caractérisation minéralogique et géochimique de la sédimentation carbonatée en domaine de péri plate-forme : mise en évidence de l'influence des processus d'exportation à partir des exemples des Bahamas au Miocène et de la Maiella (Italie) au Crétacé." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066488.
Повний текст джерелаPeriplatform deposits consist in a mixture of autochtonous particles and allochtonous components. We present an assessment of the carbonate sedimentation on proximal/distal transects using a granulometric separation technic leading to granulometrical fractions. On this basis, mineralogical, micropaleontological and geochemical approach was possible. A precise estimation of autochtonous and allochtonous particles was then possible. Two transects were chosen : the leeward margin of the Great Bahama Bank (middle Miocene) and the Maiella platform (Cenomanian-Turonian). The biogenic components were distinguished from carbonate particles "without genetic structure", which are mostly the product of an export of fine material. The comparison between transects allows a characterization of exportation in different geological contexts. It seems difficult to conceive the neritic material export as a unique and simple pattern because several factors have to be taken into account
Ochoa-Salazar, Brenda-Xiomara. "Etude conjuguée géochimique/hydrologique des relations nappe-rivière dans une zone humide : cas de la zone humide alluviale de Monbéqui, France." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/468/.
Повний текст джерелаThis study combined analysis of terrain and analysis of laboratory to identifier the characteristics of waters the wetland zone and the processes that originate this characteristics. The Monbequi wetland zone studying (25 h) localize à 50 km of Toulouse, is a complex area, place of take river waters mass and groundwater(s) input additional (agricultural fertilizer, domestics discharge) and zone where take place many reactions biologics. This approach was used the multi-compounds analysis, in the mixing diagrams. The analysis of conservatives elements (18O/16O, Cl-, Na+ y Ca2+) permit identifying three waters mass: Garonne river water and two different groundwater. The analysis of concentrations of elements non-conservatives (COD, NO3-, DO, Mn, Fe) associate of biogeochemical reactions of organic matter relative to concentrations of the simple mixing waters mass permit to identify and quantify the excess and deficits of compounds, and to definer spatially of zones with the excess and deficits of this compounds with characteristics different. These zones are associated to different evolutions conditions, for oxidation of organic matter of origin distinct. Two flux of organic matter of origin distinct are identified: one flux of organic matter contribution for the Garonne River and that oxidizes after entering in contact with aquifer of the wetland zone, take place the reactions that showed the spatial areas of deficits in COD, NO3-, DO, and excess in Mn and Fe at long of gravel banks Garonne River toward interior of wetland zone. On the other hand we have one flux of the organic matter from the surface of wetland zone; it is the origin of the excess general in the carbonates of waters. This flux is estimated ten times higher that the flux of organic matter in contact Garonne River-Aquifer. The evolution of oxidized in the organic matter take place at the zones with deficits in nitrates, showed respectively by the processes of denitrification and nitrification. .
Coquinot, Yvan. "Physicochimie et origine de la phase fluide impliquée dans les processus d'interactions fluide-roche au cours du métamorphisme rétrograde et de la déformation : exemple des diabases métamorphisées du massif de Rocroi." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-77.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMilot, Jean. "Utilisation des isotopes du fer pour le traçage des métaux anciens : développement méthodologique et applications archéologiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30367/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work was to develop the use of iron isotopes for ancient, essentially ferrous metal tracing. Our methodological approach was based on three major directions. The first one consisted in the assessment of the potential influence of metallurgical processes on iron isotope compositions of the reduction products. For this purpose, we measured the iron isotope composition of materials from experiments of iron ore reduction in bloomery furnace performed in a major site of iron production during the Roman period (Montagne Noire, SW France). The second direction aimed at validating this new tracer through the iron isotope measurement of ores, slags and iron artefact samples from a well-defined archaeological context, and whose provenance was previously investigated by elemental analyses. We thus measured the isotopic composition of iron bars discovered in Roman shipwrecks found offshore Les-Saintes-maries-de-la-Mer (Bouches-du-Rhône, France). Thirdly, we estimated the relevance and limitations of our new tracing approach by applying it to the study of two different archaeological fields, on which no previous provenance study had been performed. These were the ancient iron production from North East Togo and the Medieval lead-silver production in Morocco (Anti Atlas Massif). The results demonstrate that the isotopic composition of slags and metals produced reflect that of their corresponding ores because no iron isotope fractionation occurs along the entire chaîne opératoire of iron production. Moreover, and in contrast to several elemental tracers, iron isotopes are not impacted by iron contribution from the smelting device during the reduction process, which allows to establish provenance links directly between an iron artifact and a specific ore. The application of this tracing method in a well-studied archaeological context has allowed to validate the provenance assumption of several archaeological artifacts. Furthermore, iron isotopes may provide a more discriminative tracer than trace elements because a temporal and geographical distinction is possible between close iron production sites. The tracing is thus more precise. Finally, our results suggest that iron isotope analyses could also be used in the study of non-ferrous metal production. This work offers many perspectives in provenance studies of museum pieces given the very small amount of material needed, in the setup of a database of iron isotope compositions of archaeological iron ores and the establishment of a common tracing approach for both ferrous and non-ferrous metals
Rouchon, Virgile. "Les processus de métasomatisme des formations volcano-sédimentaires paléoarchéennes des cratons du Kaapvaal (Afrique du Sud) et de Pilbara (Australie) : implications pour l'évolution chimique de l'océan et le cycle géochimique de l'azote." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112046.
Повний текст джерелаRhino, Kévins. "Caractérisation, quantification et modélisation des processus de transfert et des interactions CO₂-eau-roche en milieu poreux non saturé en contexte de forage lors d'un stockage géologique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30040/document.
Повний текст джерелаCarbon storage is one of the most encouraging methods to decrease CO₂ concentration into the atmosphere. Carbon storage provides the longevity and the capacity needed to decrease CO₂ emissions toward the atmosphere. When dealing with storage on an industrial scale, carbonated reservoirs can be among the most suitable storage sites. However, these high depth injections are subject to leakage risks from the geologic trap itself or from the framework created by the establishment of the site. Two main types of leakage exist: brutal and diffusive leakage. In both cases, they are likely to endanger the environment and the population. Therefore, it is essential to develop tools that are able to anticipate any types of CO₂ leakage. Furthermore, it is also necessary to understand the reactive transport mechanism that take place when the leakage arrives in the shallow subsurface (vadose zone)and to see how the leakage can be buffered. This work deals with the characterization, the quantification and the modelling of transfer processes and CO₂-H₂O-CaCO₃ interactions into the vadose zone in a context of a leakage from a drilling well. This issue was first dealt through field experiment on the site of Saint Emilion. Then, the CO₂-H₂O-CaCO₃ interactions were studied through an experimental approach in laboratory. Two leakage experiments were performed on the site: a diffusive leakage and an ultra-diffusive leakage. They were performed as a sequel of former experiments carried on the pilot site. A comparison of all the leakage experiments revealed the necessity to use noble gases as precursor of the CO₂ arrival at the surface. Depending of the type of the leakage, helium can be a temporal precursor while krypton can anticipate the spread of the CO₂ gas plume. The higher the injection pressure, the more the gas migrates through advective flux. Moreover, a high injection pressure favors the existence of preferential paths in the vadose zone. The use of helium and carbon isotopes makes it possible to reveal the presence of a local aqueous phase within the porous media and to identify the origin of CO₂. The core scale experiments lead to the estimation of the buffering power of Oligocene limestone according to the rock facies. The permeability and the porosity influence the dissolution of the limestone. The reactivity of carbonates during a leakage depends on the pH of the aqueous phase, the flow rate that goes through the porous media, the water saturation and petrophysical characteristics of the carbonates
Creach, Monique. "Accumulation supergène de cuivre en milieu latéritique : étude pétrologique, cristallochimique et géochimique de l'altération du skarn de Santa Blandina (Itapeva, Bresil)." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2344.
Повний текст джерелаMyagkiy, Andrey. "Mineralization of Nickel in saprolitic ore of New Caledonia : Dynamics of metal transfer and modeling of coupled geochemical and hydrodynamic processes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0277/document.
Повний текст джерелаNew Caledonia hosts significant lateritic nickel reserves, and presently became the fifth largest Ni producer in the world. These deposits are generally thought to be closely as- sociated with the intense chemical and mechanical weathering of peridotite bedrock that is a principal source of nickel. Thus, the main ore genesis model for Ni ores in New Caledonia is based on a single per descensum model where most elements (Mg, Ni, and Si) are leached from the surface, particularly, during lateritic soil development. Nickel is then concentrated either in the fine-grained laterite where goethite is the main Ni bearer, the so-called ’lateritic ore’, or below the laterites, in the saprolite level, where nickel occurs as goethite and several types of Mg-Ni silicates, in particular kerolite. Recent mineralogical and structural observations together with mining data have revealed a lot of different types of heterogeneities associated with the distribution and mineralogy of Ni bearing minerals. Therefore, in depth investigations of Ni mobility, its retardation processes along with its governing chemical and hydrodynamic parameters are of big importance for understanding and subsequent prediction of Ni distribution in profiles of New Caledonia. Such an investigation is an objective of the present work. The concept is based on the development of i) a powerful 1D model with particular emphasis on Ni geochemical behavior during ophiolite weathering, its comparison with in situ observations, and detailed understanding of trace elements mobility, and ii) 2D hydro-geochemical model coupled with complex hydrodynamics, that would additionally provide new insight into the structural control on Ni redistribution and mineralization. While the 1D simulations provide a remarkable result for understanding the chemical features that drive Ni retention processes in a profile, 2D model appears to be a powerful tool for understanding how local Ni-enrichments may form. The results of this model show the reactivation of Ni from upper horizons and its concentration in neo-formed silicates in bottom of the saprolite. The reactivated Ni comes mostly from the saprolite horizon due to the redissolution of previously formed Ni-bearing silicates and still persisting in this olivine zone. Modeling has revealed minor contribution of the laterite horizon (Ni-oxi-hydroxides) into the Ni remobilization. The lateral infiltration of water with remobilized Ni from areas such as topographic highs to downstream slope areas leads to the formation of richest deposits in this lower part of profile. The manner of redistribution is fully governed by the topographic slopes, orientation and position of the fractures. Presented models appear to be of importance in attempt of explanation of Ni mineralization processes, revealing the main keys to understanding the control of trace elements mobility in ultramafic environment. The latter gives new insights into the Ni distribution in present day profiles and, therefore, may greatly help in mineral prospecting and forecasting the distribution of future resources
Colin, Aurélia. "Contraintes sur les processus de dégazage des dorsales océaniques par la géochimie des volatils et la pétrologie des laves basaltiques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL083N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe composition of mantle volatiles is related to the origin of Earth's volatiles and to the past and present volatile fluxes to the atmosphere. Although this reservoir is naturally sampled during volcanic eruptions, most of the volatiles are lost to the atmosphere during this event, thus the composition of mantle volatiles is still uncertain. We try here to precise the processes of degassing below mid-oceanic ridges to correct the lava compositions for degassing.The He-Ne-Ar-CO2 analyses of basaltic glasses sampled along the Galapagos Spreading Center, in the area of influence of the Galapagos hotspot, show that the volatile composition of lavas is fully explained by a Rayleigh distillation of a unique source distinct from the plume source. These results imply that the plume degasses at depth or is heterogeneous.Several volcanic glasses from Mid-Atlantic ridge and East Pacific Rise have been imaged by X-rays microtomography. The mechanisms of vesicle nucleation and growth appear to be different below the two ridges. A step of convection at the magma body margin has been evidenced by the petrologic study of the glasses. Imaged vesicles have been subsequently opened under vacuum by laser ablation and analysed (CO2, 4He, argon isotopes). We observe, depending on the samples, either a single composition for all bubbles, or variations in composition between bubbles consistent with a trend of equilibrium degassing in an open system. The trends of degassing allow extrapolating locally to the volatile composition of the mantle source, which is heterogeneous. We also studied the heterogeneity of 40Ar/36Ar ratios in magmatic chambers using the laser opening method, which lowers the contribution of atmospheric gases compared to the classical crushing method
Soufi, Mohamed. "Étude des magmatismes leucogranitique et ongonitique du blond (haut-limousin-Massif Central français) : Relations avec une mise en place syntectonique du massif granitique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10012.
Повний текст джерелаEnjolvy, Remi. "Processus d'accrétion crustale et régimes thermiques dans le bouclier des Guyanes : signatures géochimiques et thermochronologiques au transamazonien (2250-1950Ma)." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441743.
Повний текст джерела