Книги з теми "Process stream theory"
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1
Kovtunenko, Aleksey, Lyudmila Buslovskaya, Vasil'evich Nikolay, and Dmitrievna Svetlana. Physiological aspects of adaptation of farm animals to stressors. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1867635.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph presents the results of their own research on the study of bioenergetics, acid-base homeostasis of the internal environment, adaptation processes under the action of stress factors on the body of farm animals and analyzes the scientific literature on this problem. The peculiarities of adaptation of cattle and poultry to the action of high and low air temperatures, regrouping, transportation, weighing operations, vaccination and blood collection, and others are discussed. The influence of these stressors on the energy metabolism and productivity of animals is considered.
It is intended for physiologists and all specialists dealing with the problems of adaptation and increasing the productivity of farm animals.
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Forgetta, Emanuela. La città e la casa Spazi urbani e domestici in Maria Aurèlia Capmany, Natalia Ginzburg, Elsa Morante e Mercè Rodoreda. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-586-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research work aims at the reconstruction of literary spaces created by four great female authors of the twentieth century. Analysed individually or from a comparative perspective, the texts solicit a reflection on the representation of space in literature produced by women. The focus of the investigation is the dynamic contrast that, at the moment of perception, is established between the ‘internal’, and therefore subjective, dimension and the ‘external’ dimension, regulated by the social context in which the subject moves. The work consists of three parts: the first part establishes the parameters within which the research is organised; the second part investigates the process of reappropriation of the city – a place of almost exclusive male prerogative – by the protagonists of the proposed novels and their “walking down the street” as a device of spatial organisation. In the third and last part, the female perception of the domestic space is analysed. A place of female confinement par excellence, it shows, even in literature, an ambivalent character, as an expression of abuse and affection at the same time. From the ‘spatial’ reinterpretation of the proposed works, therefore, both the intimate representation of space and the historical-social evaluation of the context in which the protagonists, and their own authors, move, emerge.
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Reay, Trish, Tammar B. Zilber, Ann Langley, and Haridimos Tsoukas, eds. Institutions and Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843818.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Institutions—the structures, practices, and meanings that define what people and organizations think, do, and aspire to—are created through process. They are “work in progress” that involves continual efforts to maintain, modify, or disturb them. Institutional logics are also in motion, holding varying degrees of dominance that change over time. This volume brings together two streams of thought within organization theory—institutional theory and process perspective—to advocate for stronger process ontology that highlights institutions as emergent, generative, political, and social. A stronger process view allows us to challenge our understanding of central concepts within institutional theory, such as “loose coupling,” “institutional work,” the work of institutional logics on the ground, and institutionalization between diffusion and translation. Enriched with an emphasis on practice and widened by taking a broad view of institutions, this volume draws on the Ninth International Symposium on Process Organization Studies to offer key insights that will inform our thinking of institutions as processes.
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Mele, Alfred R. Libertarianism and Human Agency. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190659974.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter’s guiding question is about indeterministic agent-internal processes that are still at work in a decision-producing causal stream when a decision results. The question is this: If incompatibilism is true, what contribution might such processes make to there being directly free decisions beyond being sufficient for the falsity of determinism? Two answers are offered, one for philosophers who believe that freely A-ing does not depend on being able to do otherwise than A and one for philosophers who reject this belief. Topics discussed in the course of developing these answers include Frankfurt-style cases, evidence of indeterministic processes in decision-producing causal streams, and evidence regarding the existence of agent-causal powers.
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Saha, Pradip K. Aluminum Extrusion Technology. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.aet.9781627083362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aluminum Extrusion Technology covers the theory and practice of extrusion and its application in the production of aluminum alloy parts. The first few chapters discuss the mechanics and thermodynamics of direct and indirect extrusion processes and the effect of key variables such as strain and strain rate, friction, pressure, flow stress, and temperature. Subsequent chapters explain how to implement and maintain industrial-scale aluminum extrusion processes. The chapters cover extrusion presses and equipment, tooling and die design, billet casting, and process control. They also provide information on the extrusion characteristics of soft, medium, and hard alloys and discuss the use of statistical process and quality control. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-644-7, follow this link.
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Lorino, Philippe. The pragmatist influence on managerial ideas and practices. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753216.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A key idea of pragmatism is the inseparability of theory and practice, thought and action. Pragmatism is said to have had few contacts with the organizational world, and few direct practical applications, except in the domain of education. In particular, the pragmatist direct influence on the managerial world is often undervalued. However, pragmatist ideas have had a significant impact on managerial doctrines and can be traced in today’s debates amongst organization practitioners. This chapter studies three of those channels: Follett’s direct or indirect (for example through Chester Barnard’s work) influence on the corporate world as well as the management of public institutions; the stream of action research and reflection-in-action, in particular Donald Schön’s work; and the development of the quality movement as an anti-Taylorian revolution, deeply influenced by pragmatist thinkers (exploratory inquiry, community of inquiry, instrumental mediations, process perspective), more recently distorted into a Taylorian revival under the “lean management” label.
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Inayatullah, Naeem, and David L. Blaney. Units, Markets, Relations, and Flow: Beyond Interacting Parts to Unfolding Wholes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.272.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heterodox work in Global Political Economy (GPE) finds its motive force in challenging the ontological atomism of International Political Economy (IPE) orthodoxy. Various strains of heterodoxy that have grown out of dependency theory and World-Systems Theory (WST), for example, emphasize the social whole: Individual parts are given form and meaning within social relations of domination produced by a history of violence and colonial conquest. An atomistic approach, they stress, seems designed to ignore this history of violence and relations of domination by making bargaining among independent units the key to explaining the current state of international institutions. For IPE, it is precisely this atomistic approach, largely inspired by the ostensible success of neoclassical economics, which justifies its claims to scientific rigor. International relations can be modeled as a market-like space, in which individual actors, with given preferences and endowments, bargain over the character of international institutional arrangements. Heterodox scholars’ treatment of social processes as indivisible wholes places them beyond the pale of acceptable scientific practice. Heterodoxy appears, then, as the constitutive outside of IPE orthodoxy.Heterodox GPE perhaps reached its zenith in the 1980s. Just as heterodox work was being cast out from the temple of International Relations (IR), heterodox scholars, building on earlier work, produced magisterial studies that continue to merit our attention. We focus on three texts: K. N. Chaudhuri’s Asia Before Europe (1990), Eric Wolf’s Europe and the People Without History (1982), and L. S. Stavrianos’s Global Rift (1981). We select these texts for their temporal and geographical sweep and their intellectual acuity. While Chaudhuri limits his scope to the Indian Ocean over a millennium, Wolf and Stavrianos attempt an anthropology and a history, respectively, of European expansion, colonialism, and the rise of capitalism in the modern era. Though the authors combine different elements of material, political, and social life, all three illustrate the power of seeing the “social process” as an “indivisible whole,” as Schumpeter discusses in the epigram below. “Economic facts,” the region, or time period they extract for detailed scrutiny are never disconnected from the “great stream” or process of social relations. More specifically, Chaudhuri’s work shows notably that we cannot take for granted the distinct units that comprise a social whole, as does the IPE orthodoxy. Rather, such units must be carefully assembled by the scholar from historical evidence, just as the institutions, practices, and material infrastructure that comprise the unit were and are constructed by people over the longue durée. Wolf starts with a world of interaction, but shows that European expansion and the rise and spread of capitalism intensified cultural encounters, encompassing them all within a global division of labor that conditioned the developmental prospects of each in relation to the others. Stavrianos carries out a systematic and relational history of the First and Third Worlds, in which both appear as structural positions conditioned by a capitalist political economy. By way of conclusion, we suggest that these three works collectively inspire an effort to overcome the reification and dualism of agents and structures that inform IR theory and arrive instead at “flow.”
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Brown, Andrew D., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Identities in Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198827115.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conceived as the meanings that individuals attach to their selves, a substantial stockpile of identities-related theorizing, accumulated across the arts, social sciences and humanities over many decades, continues to nourish contemporary research on self-identities in organizations. Moreover, in times which are more reflexive, narcissistic and liquid the identities of participants in organizations are increasingly less fixed, less secure and less certain, making identities issues both more salient and more interesting. Particular attention has focused on processes of identity construction (often styled ‘identity work’), how, why and when such processes occur, and their implications for organizing and individual, group and organizational outcomes. This has resulted in a burgeoning stream of research from discursive, dramaturgical, symbolic, socio-cognitive, and psychodynamic perspectives that (most often) casts individualsâ efforts to fabricate identities as intentional, relational, and consequential. Seemingly intractable debates centred on the nature of identities â their relative stability/fluidity, whether they are best regarded as coherent or fractured, positive (or not) and how they are fabricated within relations of power â combined with other conceptual issues, continue to invigorate the field, but have led also to some scepticism regarding the future potential of identities research. As the chapters in this handbook demonstrate, however, there are considerable grounds for optimism that identity, as root metaphor, nexus concept and means to bridge levels of analysis, has significant generative utility for multiple streams of theorizing in organization and management studies.
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Belamarić, Josip, Dražen Pejković, and Ana Šverko. Istraživanja u urbanističkom planiranju : pedagoška bilježnica vol. 2 = Urban Planning Research : Pedagogical Notebook Vol. 2. Edited by Hrvoje Bartulović, Saša Begović, Dražen Pejković, Ana Šverko, and Ivana Vlaić. University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31534/9789536116850.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Second Pedagogical Notebook is a continuation of the first ‘notebook’, dedicated to the Urban Planning Research course. The course and the notebook were created by Prof. Ivana Šverko, with the aim of offering students of architecture in Split the basics of urban planning research in a Mediterranean context. The idea behind the pedagogical notebook is to contribute to the recognition of the research phase as an essential starting point in the entire, complicated process of urban planning and design, as well as an understanding of research methodologies in specific spatial and social conditions. One of the ideal real-world templates for realising this goal is Zrinsko- Frankopanska Street, which developed along one of the Split peninsula’s Roman centuriation lines. This street connects the historical southern city harbour with the newer, northern one. Zrinsko-Frankopanska is an exceptionally important city street, and along its length there are a range of buildings dating from the ancient period to the 21st century, with almost every historical period represented. It is here that the most diverse range of public facilities can be found. The students mapped, studied, and analysed this city street, using historical and morphological analysis of spatial connections, greenery, the relationship between the public and the private, the accessible and inaccessible spaces, purpose, urban equipment, and so on. In doing so, they also noted relevant everyday human activities such as disposing of rubbish, as well as things such as the position and content of graffiti. They also included morphography – the description of forms without reference to their sources and development process – in their analytical approach. After the research phase, the students were instructed to target the problems they detected by proposing improvements to the existing elements, or by redesigning them. They were also required to open up the possibility of alternate uses for the space, up to the point in the design process when an architect or designer would usually take over. By presenting the study of a specific segment in this book, we wish to help students consider the complexity of the urban tissue, define the basic urban elements, research development processes, the typological and morphological characteristics of constriction and, ultimately, to identify everything that constitutes the “urban space as a whole”. We wish to guide them so that with their unique knowledge and tools, and their inclusion of all the other relevant professions in the processes of urban planning, they can become architects with sound professional and ethical principles, and develop into a new generation of responsible city-builders.
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Mason, Peggy. Seeing the World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern life is highly dependent on high-acuity vision, and this chapter emphasizes the mechanisms and pathways that support high-acuity or form vision. Because the most common visual impairment is refractive error, the refractive power of the cornea and lens is described at some length. The processes of emmetropization, accommodation, and far viewing are considered. The participation of the outer retina in phototransduction and the visual cycle are detailed, and relevant diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, are introduced. The neural processes that transform different wavelengths of light into color perception and common forms of color blindness are explained. Visual processing within cortex, including processing through the dorsal and visual streams, are presented. The process through which babies learn to interpret the firing in their brains as representing visual objects and the importance of the initial years of life to this process are described.
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Peneder, Michael, and Andreas Resch. Schumpeter's Venture Money. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804383.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Schumpeter’s venture money examines the role of financial innovation and monetary thought throughout economic history, following the unique perspective of the leading scholar of a monetary theory of economic development. It proceeds with the analysis along three threads. The first thread is the history of money, or more precisely the continuous stream of innovations that has improved and expanded the scope of financing new ventures. The second thread is the complementary stream of ideas in the history of monetary thought. Finally, Josef Schumpeter himself, his theoretical vision and personal vita of failed financial ventures, is the third thread that ties everything together.
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Peters, S. T., ed. Composite Filament Winding. ASM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.9781627083386.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Composite Filament Winding describes the engineering involved in the design and construction of filament-wound products and the processes and equipment by which they are made. It covers everything from the geometry, physics, and math of winding theory to best practices for handling fibers and resins. It explains how constituent materials and winding patterns influence production quality and costs, how to estimate variables such as laminate thickness and roving dimensions, and how to express fiber trajectories on curved surfaces using vector calculus and intuitive observations. It discusses the design and operation of filament winding systems, the origin of various processes, and test methods and procedures. It presents examples demonstrating accepted design practices and the consideration of factors such as stiffness, discontinuities, stress ratio, mandrel geometry, and process control. It also includes a glossary of related terms. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-1-61503-722-3, follow this link.
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Romero, Andrea, and Brandy Piña-Watson. Acculturative Stress and Bicultural Stress. Edited by Seth J. Schwartz and Jennifer Unger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215217.013.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses the concepts of acculturative and bicultural stress, the theory and method behind the measurement, and the implications of the US immigration policy context for stress. The central sources of acculturative and bicultural stress are reviewed, including intergroup discrimination, language stress, intragroup marginalization, and family cultural conflict. In particular, literature is reviewed that examines the association between mental health and acculturative or bicultural stress. Extant research does demonstrate that degree of stress varies for individuals and that acculturative/bicultural stress is experienced not only by immigrants but also by minorities in the United States. Therefore, the present chapter reviews literature that connects the acculturative/bicultural stress process across generations. The immigration context is considered for future research in the area of acculturation and stress.
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Gunnar, Megan R., and Adriana M. Herrera. The Development of Stress Reactivity. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Stress is a normal component of life, yet individuals differ markedly in the frequency with which they experience stressful life events and their vulnerability or resilience in the face of these challenges. We approach the study of stress and development from a psychobiological perspective, emphasizing the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system. We describe the anatomy and physiology of the HPA system and its relations with other neurobiological systems that process information about stressors and regulate behavioral and physiological responses. This review also covers psychological and evolutionary perspectives on stress, as well as the human literature on stress reactivity and regulation in typically developing children, children with behavioral and emotional problems, and children exposed to significant adversity early in life.
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Miron-Spektor, Ella, and Miriam Erez. Looking at Creativity through a Paradox Lens. Edited by Wendy K. Smith, Marianne W. Lewis, Paula Jarzabkowski, and Ann Langley. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754428.013.22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter contributes to the research and practice of creativity by increasing awareness of the inherently paradoxical nature of creativity, and offering strategies for managing the paradox. The authors’ framework delineates contradictory yet interrelated creativity outcomes, processes and identities of individuals, leaders, and groups. They highlight the paradox of creativity from multiple perspectives and suggest that when engaging in creativity, people experience paradoxical thoughts, processes, goals, identities, and perspectives. Creative people need to be generative and evaluative, flexible and persistent, passionate and disciplined, and learning and performance orientated. Drawing from related research on innovation management, attention control, and goal setting, we discuss strategies for achieving both novelty and usefulness including using paradoxical frames, task switching, pursuing contradictory goals, and gaining experience in different cultural contexts that stress different aspects of the creative process.
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Newberg, Andrew B., and David B. Yaden. The Neurobiology of Meditation and Stress Reduction. Edited by Anthony J. Bazzan and Daniel A. Monti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190690557.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Meditation is a complex mental process that involves changes in cognition, sensory perception, emotions, hormones, and autonomic activity. Several brain regions are involved in these practices, particularly as they relate to improvements in brain function and psychological parameters, including the thalamus, frontal lobes, limbic system, and parietal lobes. Additionally, many different neurotransmitter systems are likely affected by meditation practices. Meditation programs have become widely used, either alone or combined with other therapies, for stress reduction depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. There has been an increasing understanding of the overall biological mechanism of meditation practices in terms of their effects on both the brain and body. Recent studies using clinical tools and functional neuroimaging have substantially augmented the knowledge of the biology of meditative practices. This chapter reviews current understanding regarding the physiological and neurophysiological effects of meditation practices as they pertain to brain health.
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Jones, Marilee, Kenneth R. Ginsburg, and Martha M. Jablow. Less Stress, More Success. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581102307.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The college admissions process is an ideal time to help teens learn to manage stress...before they show up in your office with complaints of anxiety, depression, or the results of risky behavior. Is your teen stressing over college admittance? Are you? Cowritten by a former top college admissions dean and a leading pediatrician, this first-of-its-kind book delivers strategies for surviving the admissions process while strengthening parent-child relationships, managing the stress of applying to college, and building resilience to meet challenges today and in the future. Less Stress, More Success is just what parents and teens need to thrive during this important rite of passage into adulthood. For Parents: How to encourage true high achievement, rather than perfectionism, Important dos and don'ts about the admissions process and how you can most effectively help your child, Why and when some forms of "helping" undermine your teenager's self-confidence and chances of admission, How to turn deadlines into opportunities to learn time-management and organization skills, How you can encourage positive strategies for handling stress and building resilience. For Teens: How to evaluate campus culture to find the right fit for you, Ways to manage your parents and your friends, Tips for the college interview, Letting your true, authentic self come through in your admissions essay, How your body handles stress...and what you can do to feel better and stay healthy. Includes a Personalized Stress Management Plan!
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Lewis, Marc D. The Development of Emotion Regulation. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines the relation between normative advances and emerging individual differences in emotion regulation (ER), using principles from developmental cognitive neuroscience to integrate these seemingly disparate processes. Like several other theorists, I view corticolimbic development as a self-organizing stream of synaptic alterations, driven by experience rather than biologically prespecified. This conceptualization helps resolve ambiguities that appear when we try, but consistently fail, to neatly parse individual differences and developmental differences. At the neural level, increasingly specific patterns of synaptic activation converge in response to (or in anticipation of) recurrent emotions, creating synaptic networks that link multiple regions. These networks regulate emotions (in real time). But they also stabilize and consolidate with repetition, thus giving rise tohabitsthat are the hallmark of individual development. These configurations are progressively sculpted through individual learning experiences, but they also become increasingly effective with use, thereby expressing both individual trajectories and normative advances as they develop. In sum, experience-driven synaptic changes create a repertoire of individual solutions to universal challenges, shared among members of a culture or society. This description casts individual differences and age-related advances as dual facets of a unitary developmental process.
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Jacobsen, Dean, and Olivier Dangles. Ecology of High Altitude Waters. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book brings together current knowledge on patterns and processes in the ecology of streams, lakes, and wetlands situated at more than 3000 m above sea level. The alpine headwaters of the large Asian rivers and Lake Titicaca are both well-known and iconic examples. High altitude waters include more than these systems—they are both numerous and cover many habitat types, organisms, and specializations. The book provides an overview of the variety of aquatic ecosystems and habitats, their environmental features, prominent species, and their functional adaptations to the harsh aquatic environmental conditions through to global diversity patterns along altitudinal gradients, community dynamics, species interactions and dispersal, trophic relations, and energy flows. High altitude waters are ideal systems to address a broad range of topical themes in ecology because patterns and processes are both diverse and singular. The book highlights how key concepts in ecology (e.g. the stress gradient hypothesis, the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship) could find relevant study models in high altitude waters. The usual perception of pristine mountain waters is far from true, particularly in the case of high altitude waters at low latitudes where human population density is often high, and local communities live in intimate contact with, utilize, influence, and exploit these aquatic systems. Climate change effects, extinction risks of mountain populations due to vanishing glaciers, multiple human impacts, management, and conservation are also treated thoroughly. The book is richly illustrated with diagrams and numerous pictures of these poorly known systems and species.
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Reitz-Joosse, Bettina. Building in Words. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610688.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Building in Words explores the relation between text and architecture in the Roman world from the perspective of architectural process. Ancient Romans frequently encountered buildings under construction—they experienced noisy building work, disruptive transportation of materials, and sometimes spectacular engineering feats. This book analyses how Roman writers responded to the process of building and construction in their literary works. Roman authors tell stories of architectural creation to give meaning to finished monuments. Their narratives can stress technological or logistic mastery or highlight morally problematic aspects of construction, particularly in large-scale engineering projects. While offering descriptions of the process of creating architecture, writers also reflect on the creation of their own works. The metaphor of construction for literary composition is polyvalent: writers use it to comment on the aesthetics or ambition of their literary work, to articulate not only the power and durability, but also the fragility of literature. This monograph places literary texts of the early Roman Empire in dialogue with epigraphic and archaeological material. Through its focus on building as a process, it offers a new perspective on the aesthetics of both architecture and literature in ancient Rome.
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Powell, Thomas C. William James (1842–1910). Edited by Jenny Helin, Tor Hernes, Daniel Hjorth, and Robin Holt. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669356.013.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
William James (1842–1910) contributed groundbreaking ideas to empirical philosophy, metaphysics, and psychology, and influenced some of the greatest minds of the twentieth century, including Edmund Husserl, Alfred North Whitehead, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. This chapter explores James’s contributions to management studies. Focusing on James’s first major work, Principles of Psychology (1890), the chapter traces his influence on three major streams of social research––process philosophy, phenomenology, and functionalism––and follows these streams as they flowed into research on organizations and management. James believed that experience could not be forced into static systems or grand unified theories, but was ‘a snowflake caught in the warm hand’. For social scientists, his work shows the virtues of embracing human experience in all its pluralism, and reawakening the mind to forgotten potentialities.
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Cobham, Alex, and Petr Janský. Estimating Illicit Financial Flows. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854418.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Illicit financial flows constitute a global phenomenon of massive but uncertain scale, which erodes government revenues and drives corruption in countries rich and poor. In 2015, the countries of the world committed to a target to reduce illicit flows, as part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. But five years later, there is still no agreement on how that target should be monitored—to say nothing of how it will be achieved. The term ‘illicit financial flows’ covers a range of corrupt practices, aimed at obtaining immunity or impunity from criminal law, from market regulation and from taxation. Illicit flows occur through many different channels, whether they involve laundering the proceeds of crime, for example, or shifting the profits of multinational companies. There are two consistent features. First, illicit flows are deliberately hidden. These cross-border movements of assets and income streams depend on a set of common tools including opaque company accounts, legal vehicles for anonymous ownership, and the secrecy jurisdictions that provide these services. Second, the overall effect of illicit flows is to reduce the revenue available to states, and to weaken the quality of governance—so there is less money to support human development, and it is less likely to be spent well. In this book, two of the economists most closely involved in the process to develop UN indicators of illicit financial flows offer a critical survey of the existing data and methodologies, identifying the most promising avenues for future improvement and setting out their own proposals.
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Kyritsis, Dimitrios. A Little Less Conversation, a Little More Action. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672257.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter criticizes constitutional dialogue theories, which treat constitutional review as an iteration in a dialogic process. Such theories are often invoked to explain the moral appeal of so-called weak constitutional review, which reserves the ‘last word’ on constitutional matters for the legislature. It is argued that constitutional dialogue theories stress the discursive element of judicial decisions at the expense of their authoritative impact and thus cannot adequately account for the limits we tend to impose on the courts’ reviewing power. More fundamentally, they overlook that political orders are not there to discover moral truth. First and foremost, they go well when they do not wrong us. Accordingly, constitutional review is not judged primarily by its discursive value, its ability to enhance public—and more specifically legislative—deliberation, but rather by its ability to thwart infringements of our fundamental rights.
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Contarello, Alberta, ed. Embracing Change. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197617366.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rapid changes in the contemporary world are increasing pressure on the social and psychological sciences to try to understand the present and foresee possible futures. Embracing Change: Knowledge, Continuity, and Social Representations focuses on the production of shared knowledge, as interpreted from a social psychological perspective inspired by the theory of social representations that highlights the role of the “Other” in the production of social understanding. Adopting this “socio-psychological gaze” entails bringing the primacy of relationships and communication to the forefront of the knowing processes while taking social and cultural forces into account. Growing streams of research bear witness to the potential of this theoretical and methodological approach, in synergy with cognate perspectives. This volume contains a collection of contributions from leading authors on how social representations theory can help us understand change and continuity in social knowledge regarding hot topics and domains of our time, such as health concerns, environmental issues, aging in an aging society, and intercultural encounters. The state of the art is explored with reference to advances in theory, methods, and the stance of the researcher in the process of inquiry. The volume’s focus is on how change has been studied in social psychology, how common knowledge is organized in everyday life, and how scholars can study and contribute to change in knowledge patterns. Casting light on challenging social issues, this volume will be of interest to students and scholars in social psychology, sociology, and social sciences.
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Kleespies, Phillip M. Training for Decision Making under the Stress of Emergency Conditions. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.3.
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When under time or procedure pressure, people change their decision-making strategies. They may accelerate information processing and filter the information they will process. In this chapter, the author presents several models for decision making under pressure and compares them to more traditional models. The naturalistic decision-making models are proposed as more appropriate for decision making when working with high-risk patients under emergency conditions. Given that it is often stressful for clinicians to evaluate and manage patients or clients who are considered at acute risk to themselves or others, the author presents a model for training to reduce stress that is based on Meichenbaum’s stress inoculation training. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the training for skill development and competence in dealing with behavioral emergencies that is consistent with the recommendations of the APA Task Force on the Assessment of Competence in Professional Psychology.
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Grossberg, Stephen. The Visual World as Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0007.
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This chapter shows how visual illusions arise from neural processes that play an adaptive role in achieving the remarkable perceptual capabilities of advanced brains. It clarifies that many visual percepts are visual illusions, in the sense that they arise from active processes that reorganize and complete perceptual representations from the noisy data received by retinas. Some of these representations look illusory, whereas others look real. The chapter heuristically summarizes explanations of illusions that arise due to completion of perceptual groupings, filling-in of surface lightnesses and colors, transformation of ambiguous motion signals into coherent percepts of object motion direction and speed, and interactions between the form and motion cortical processing streams. A central theme is that the brain is organized into parallel processing streams with computationally complementary properties, that interstream interactions overcome these complementary deficiencies to compute effective representations of the world, and how these representations generate visual illusions.
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Rushton, Cynda Hylton. The Many Faces of Resilience. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190619268.003.0006.
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Resilience allows some clinicians to navigate the inevitable ethical challenges and moral suffering they face without the despair and hopelessness that others experience. It is the ability to withstand, adapt, recover or grow in response to adversity, trauma, or stress. It presumes that humans have an innate resilient potential that can be influenced and includes a process that unfolds in response to diverse types of adversity. Resilience is a multifaceted construct that has been applied in various contexts, including neurobiology, psychology, social ecology, and clinical practice. This chapter examines each of these contexts and highlights their implications for conceptualizing moral resilience.
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Badger, Terry, and Chris Segrin. Female Caregivers of Male Cancer Patients (DRAFT). Edited by Youngmee Kim and Matthew J. Loscalzo. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190462253.003.0007.
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The diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a relationship, rather than an individual problem, because there is a patient and often an informal caregiver. In terms of male cancer patients and their female caregivers, this is most often studied in the context of prostate cancer patients and their female caregivers. Concepts from the stress process model are used to organize research findings on the women caring for their male partners with cancer. This review illustrates how different contexts of care, primary objective stressors, and resources can all contribute to the primary subjective stressors (e.g., quality of life, relationship problems, role demands) experienced by dyads in this context. Interventions to help caregivers as well as directions for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
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Fuhse, Jan. Social Networks of Meaning and Communication. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190275433.001.0001.
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Social structures can be fruitfully studied as networks of social relationships. These should not be conceptualized, and examined, as stable, acultural patterns of ties. Building on relational sociology around Harrison White, the book examines the interplay of social networks and meaning. Social relationships consist of dynamic bundles of expectations about the behavior between particular actors. These expectations come out of the process of communication, and they make for the regularity and predictability of communication, reducing its inherent uncertainty. Like all social structures, relationships and networks are made of expectations that guide social processes, but that continuously change as the result of these processes. Building on Niklas Luhmann, the events in networks can fruitfully be conceptualized as communication, the processing of meaning between actors (rather than emanating from them). Communication draws on a variety of cultural forms to define and negotiate the relationships between actors: relationship frames like “love” and “friendship” prescribe the kinds of interaction appropriate for types of tie; social categories like ethnicity and gender guide the interaction within and between categories of actors; and collective and corporate actors form on the basis of cultural models like “company,” “bureaucracy,” “street gang,” or “social movement.” Such cultural models are diffused in systems of education and in the mass media, but they also institutionalize in communication, with existing patterns of interaction and relationships serving as models for others. Social groups are semi-institutionalized social patterns, with a strong social boundary separating their members from the social environment.
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Small, Mario Luis. Someone To Talk To. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190661427.001.0001.
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When people are facing difficulties, they often feel the need for a confidant—a person to vent to or talk things through with who will offer sympathy or understanding. How do they decide on whom to rely? In theory, the answer seems obvious: if the matter is personal, they will turn to a spouse, a family member, or someone otherwise close. In practice, what people actually do often belies these expectations. This book follows a group of graduate students as they cope with the stress of their first year in their programs, probing how they choose confidants over the course of their everyday experiences and unraveling the implications of the process. The book then tests its explanations against data on national populations. It shows that rather than consistently rely on their “strong ties,” people often take pains to avoid close friends and family, because these are too fraught with complex expectations. People often confide in “weak ties,” as their fear that their trust could be misplaced is overcome by their need for one who understands. In fact, people may find themselves confiding in acquaintances and even strangers unexpectedly, without much reflection on the consequences. Amid a growing wave of big data and large-scale network analysis, the book returns to the basic questions of who we connect with, how, and why, and upends decades of conventional wisdom on how we should think about and analyze social networks.
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Martin, Jeffrey J. Negative Affect. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638054.003.0020.
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Experiencing negative affect during training and during competition is common. Much of the disability sport psychology research on negative affect has not been embedded in common sport theories of anxiety. This chapter presents an overview of the most common concepts and theories regarding anxiety and stress in sport. It also discusses the body of literature in disability sport that addresses negative affect. Most of the research in disability sport on negative affect has been on anxiety and stress, and other negative emotions such as shame, disappointment, frustration, grief, or disgust have not been examined. For athletes with disabilities there are many potential sources of stress, such as a person’s impairment, impairment effects, general sport, disability sport, and non-sport-related considerations. All of these factors can be stressful and tax an athlete’s ability to manage challenges that influence the ability to train and compete optimally. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how the classification process and the wheelchair in various wheelchair sports can also induce anxiety.
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Quijije, Nadia. Trauma in the Medical-Surgical Patient. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0018.
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This chapter reviews psychiatric consultation for trauma and stress in medical-surgical patients. Hospitalization can induce psychologic or psychiatric disturbance and worsen the clinical condition of patients who are suffering from medical and surgical comorbidities. Some medical conditions can be related to stress related disorders indirectly, while others, such as critical illness/intensive care unit treatment or direct physical injury, are themselves traumatic stressors that can promote trauma and stressor-related disorders (TSRDs). Given the negative impact of stress-related disorders on quality of life, mental health clinicians should diagnose TSRDs to ensure patients receive appropriate care. Treatment and management can be provided in multiple forms of psychological therapies and psychopharmacology, and within a multidisciplinary team, particularly for the medical surgical patient. Psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers must assist patients with terminal illnesses by optimizing end-of-life care, supporting patients and their families, and encouraging approaches to allow the transformative process of dying to be meaningful.
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Lam, Raymond W. Pathogenesis. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199692736.003.0003.
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• There are likely multiple processes to explain the etiology and pathophysiology of depression, with involvement of biological, psychological and social factors.• Circadian rhythmicity, stressful life events and stress reactivity can modify genetic and biological processes (gene-environment interactions) to contribute to depression.• Endophenotypes, or genetic expressions of neural systems involved in depression, will be important in the study of the pathogenesis of depression and the development of novel treatments....
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Harkness, Kate L., and Elizabeth P. Hayden, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Stress and Mental Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190681777.001.0001.
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This handbook provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the science of stress and mental health. Topics covered include assessment issues, the role of stress in various mental disorders, developmental influences and individual difference factors that predict reactivity to stress, and treatment of stress-related mental health problems. Decades of research have unequivocally shown that life stress is a central factor in the onset and course of almost every psychiatric disorder. However, the processes by which stress influences mental health are complex, and integration of the diverse biological and psychological systems involved necessitates a multidisciplinary perspective. Fortunately, scientists working from diverse vantage points have made huge advances in unpacking the complexities of stress-disorder relations. Thus, the time is ripe for this handbook. Internationally recognized scholars in the field of stress and stress-related disorders have contributed their diverse expertise, providing the reader with both depth and breadth in terms of understanding stress and mental health. In Part 1, a critical discussion of assessment issues in the domains of stress exposure and stress response is provided. Part 2 is comprised of chapters reviewing the relation of stress exposures to a broad range of mental health outcomes across the lifespan. Parts 3 and 4 are concerned with understanding how the stress response unfolds at both psychological and neurobiological levels, and Part 5 addresses stress adaptation and resilience, as well as evidence-based treatments for stress and stress-related disorder. This volume will constitute an invaluable resource for students, established scientists, and clinicians looking for a comprehensive treatment of the topic of stress and mental health.
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Back, Kerry E. Continuous-Time Topics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241148.003.0015.
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The fundamental PDE for valuing cash flows or cash flow streams is explained. In a complete market, an investor’s optimal wealth satisfies the fundamental PDE, and this provides a means of calculating the optimal portfolio. Risk neutral probabilities and Girsanov’s theorem are explained. Jump processes, including Poisson processes, are introduced. The risk premium of an asset with jump risks depends on covariation of its continuous part with the continuous part of an SDF and the covariation of its discontinuous part with the discontinuous part of an SDF. Portfolio choice with internal habits is characterized. The ability of a representative investor model with an internal habit to explain the equity premium puzzle is discussed.
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Aloia, Lindsey S., Amanda Denes, and John P. Crowley, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Physiology of Interpersonal Communication. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679446.001.0001.
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In the past decade, there has been an increased focus on the role of physiology in interpersonal interactions, resulting in a surge of research exploring topics related to communication in close relationships. This growing line of research has explored topics such as affectionate communication, forgiveness, communication apprehension, and social support. Contributing to the increase in physiological research on communication processes is a greater recognition of the bidirectional nature of the associations among communication and the body. Researchers studied both the physiological outcomes of communication episodes (e.g., stress responses to conflict conversations) and the effects of physiology on the communication process (e.g., the influence of hormones on postsex communication). The Oxford Handbook of the Physiology of Interpersonal Communication offers a comprehensive review of the most prolific areas of research investigating both the physiological outcomes of interpersonal communication and the effects of physiology on interpersonal interactions. This edited volume serves as a resource for both researchers and students interested in investigating the mutual influence of physiology and communication in close relationships.
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Emotions in Politics: The Affect Dimension in Political Tension. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
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Demertzis, N. Emotions in Politics: The Affect Dimension in Political Tension. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2013.
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Pilmis, Olivier. Escaping the Reality Test. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820802.003.0006.
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Economic crises regularly give rise to criticisms of economists and forecasters for having failed to blow the whistle. Forecasters’ efforts to deal with ‘errors’ and events that contradict their predictions show analogies between forecasting and magic as analysed by Henri Hubert and Marcel Mauss in the early twentieth century. The way forecasters depict the process of forecast production pinpoints three different sets of explanations for errors that together seek to discard ‘reality’ (‘what actually happened’) as a relevant criterion for judging forecasts (‘what had been predicted’). Forecasters argue that the ontological indeterminacy of economies and the presence of unanticipated shocks absolve them from blame; they emphasize the value of identifying causal narratives and scenarios even when point forecasts are wrong; and they stress the importance of adhering to professional methods or rituals.
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Meinert, Lotte, and Jens Seeberg, eds. Configuring Contagion: Ethnographies of Biosocial Epidemics. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/9781800733046.
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Expanding our understanding of contagion beyond the typical notions of infection and pandemics, this book widens the field to include the concept of biosocial epidemics. The chapters propose varied and detailed answers to questions about epidemics and their contagious potential for specific infections and non-infectious conditions. Together they explore how inseparable social and biological processes configure co-existing influences, which create epidemics, and in doing so stress the role of social inequality in these processes. The authors compellingly show that epidemics do not spread evenly in populations or through simple coincidental biological contagion: they are biosocially structured and selective, and happen under specific economic, political and environmental conditions. This volume illustrates that an understanding of biosocial factors is vital for ensuring effective strategies for the containment of epidemics.
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Raines, James C., and Nic T. Dibble. Ethical Decision-Making in School Mental Health. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197506820.001.0001.
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Ethical decision making in school mental health provides mental health professionals with a seven-step approach to managing ethical predicaments. It combines guidance from four major codes of ethics, including the American School Counseling Association, National Association of School Nurses, National Association of School Psychologists, and National Association of Social Workers. Ethical issues are endemic for mental health professionals working with minors in a host setting like schools. New interventions, evolving technologies, and a patchwork of ethical and legal guidelines create a constant stream of new ethical dilemmas. Longstanding and complex questions rarely give way to quick and easy answers. The seven-step model presented here enables readers to apply a practical process that minimizes their liability and protects their students. Beginning with an introduction of the moral, legal, and clinical foundations that undergird ethical practice, the authors present an ethical decision-making model with seven steps: know yourself and your responsibilities, analyze the dilemma, seek consultation, identify courses of action, manage clinical concerns, enact the decision, and reflect on the process. The second edition includes meticulously updated chapters based on recent changes to all of the codes of ethics over the past 10 years. It also has a new chapter on the universal issue of ethical recordkeeping. This handy guide is written for multidisciplinary teams of mental health professionals, including school social workers, school psychologists, school nurses, and school counselors. It provides a trusty resource with the following elements: Clearly organized chapters that introduce a process approach to ethical decision-making; Interprofessional and collaborative approach to working with other stakeholders; Case examples and practice exercises illustrate real work application of ethical guidelines; and Glossary, web resources, and U.S. Supreme Court decisions on students’ civil rights.
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Pachankis, John E., and David J. Lick. Sexual Minority Stigma and Health. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.29.
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Emerging evidence demonstrates that sexual minority individuals experience disproportionate physical health burdens compared to heterosexuals because of their exposure to stigma. Due in part to increased public recognition of this stigma, recent decades have witnessed the collection of high-quality data exploring its links with adverse health. This chapter reviews this accumulating evidence. It first describes historical trends that have enabled the scientific study of sexual minority physical health. Next, it reviews sexual orientation disparities in physical health and factors that have been proposed to account for these disparities, with a particular focus on stigma and minority stress as precursors of adverse health. It then outlines potential cognitive–affective, behavioral, and physiological processes linking minority stress with poor health. It also highlights bidirectional processes that might operate between stigma and health. The chapter concludes by suggesting several promising opportunities for future research in this nascent field of inquiry.
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Lewis, Jovan Scott. Violent Utopia. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478023265.
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In Violent Utopia Jovan Scott Lewis retells the history and afterlife of the 1921 Tulsa race massacre, from the post-Reconstruction migration of Black people to Oklahoma Indian Territory to contemporary efforts to rebuild Black prosperity. He focuses on how the massacre in Tulsa’s Greenwood neighborhood—colloquially known as Black Wall Street—curtailed the freedom built there. Rather than framing the massacre as a one-off event, Lewis places it in a larger historical and social context of widespread patterns of anti-Black racism, segregation, and dispossession in Tulsa and beyond. He shows how the processes that led to the massacre, subsequent urban renewal, and intergenerational poverty shored up by nonprofits constitute a form of continuous slow violence. Now, in their attempts to redevelop resources for self-determination, Black Tulsans must reconcile a double inheritance: the massacre’s violence and the historical freedom and prosperity that Greenwood represented. Their future is tied to their geography, which is the foundation from which they will repair and fulfill Greenwood’s promise.
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Kurup, Viji. Quality in Medical Education. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0012.
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Staying current with latest developments in the field of patient care is now universally considered to be a standard of care. The same standards have not been adopted in medical education, however, and many educational techniques used to train physicians are now outdated. This chapter reviews the evidence in medical education with respect to quality of three critical elements: the teacher, the process, and the learner. Students and faculty have different perceptions regarding the characteristics of effective teachers. Modern teaching methods no longer stress lecture-based sessions, but include techniques such as interactive learning and blended learning. Simulation is also an effective tool for learning technical skills, and for crisis and team training. When technological tools are used, they should be designed to enhance the learning experience. A number of studies show that learner engagement is the key factor in the learning process.
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Pickard, Hanna. Stories of Recovery. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.45.
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I explore the role of narrative understanding in recovery from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and personality disorder (PD), and explain why self-autonomy and self-creation, as components of narrative understanding, are central to the recovery process. Drawing on a hypothetical clinical vignette, I show how narrative understanding can impede recovery if it is not harnessed to a patient’s sense of agency for change and hope for the future. I suggest that this risk can be averted by focusing on how narrative is a form of understanding that can surprise us and defy expectations, allowing us to free ourselves from our pasts and treat our futures as open. I conclude by reflecting on the difficult balance that clinicians must strike in supporting patients to develop narratives that genuinely promote recovery: they must hold hope for their patients, yet temper their hope with realism about the genuine constraints and hardships their patients face.
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Livermore, Roy. Plate Tectonics by Creeps. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717867.003.0006.
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Earthquakes are caused primarily by the movement of plates. Plates move over the mantle, and the mantle is solid rock. So why aren’t there earthquakes beneath the plates? If all plates are moving (and they are), there should be earthquakes just about everywhere, at a depth corresponding to the base of the plates. The answer is that, while plate boundaries are the natural home of jerks, the mantle beneath the plates is the preserve of creeps. Except where cold slabs penetrate to depths of 650 km or more, the mantle moves only very gradually by creep, a phenomenon that occurs in many solids, including metals, when subjected to stress. Creep can be very inconvenient, particularly where a metal happens to form part of, say, a turbine blade in an aero engine. On the other hand, creep is the process that transformed the Earth into a living world.
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Bohr, Yvonne, Cindy H. Liu, Stephen H. Chen, and Leslie K. Wang. Satellite Babies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190265076.003.0015.
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Every year, in North American immigrant communities, thousands of infants experience separations from their parents when left or sent to live with extended family overseas. The practice of transnational, temporary boarding is widespread and poorly understood. This practice has been documented in North American Chinese, South Asian, Caribbean, and Filipino communities. This custom has raised concerns among child developmentalists and clinicians about potentially harmful consequences to children and parents. However, such separations may be misunderstood and prone to unnecessary stigma based on a lack of cultural appreciation. This chapter examines motives for and repercussions of separating parents and infants for extensive periods of time. The authors contextualize their analysis within a framework of stress management during the process of settlement and acculturation and consider the protective benefits of cultural values and practices in addition to risks. They use the Chinese immigrant community as an exemplar for the proposed framework.
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Klemenhagen, Kristen C., Franklin R. Schneier, Abby J. Fyer, H. Blair Simpson, and René Hen. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Pattern Separation, and Generalization. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0006.
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Almost one-third of adult Americans will have an anxiety disorder in their lifetime, with enormous personal, societal, and financial costs. Among the most disabling of these disorders are post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. Although there are evidence-based treatments for these disorders, as many as 50% of patients do not respond, and there is a considerable need for new therapies. This chapter proposes that the excessive generalization seen in patients with pathological anxiety is due to impaired hippocampal functioning, specifically a deficit in the neural process of pattern separation, which relies upon the dentate gyrus and is sensitive to neurogenesis. Preclinical findings indicate that stimulating DG neurogenesis improves pattern separation and reduces anxiety behaviors in mice. As a result the authors hypothesize that pharmacological or environmental manipulations aimed at stimulating neurogenesis will be beneficial for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Hipp, John R., and Christopher J. Bates. Egohoods. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.12.
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This chapter focuses on a different conception of ecological space known as egohoods. It motivates the use of egohoods regarding the three features of routine activities theory: suitable targets, motivated offenders, and capable guardians. It discusses the spatial patterns of these three concepts and how egohoods as a geographic unit are well suited to capture their dynamic processes. It asks: what are the consequences of sociodemographic and business pattern changes in egohoods for the distribution of crime? Does the change in egohoods have similar implications for crime as does the change in meso-units such as neighborhoods, or microunits such as street segments? The chapter provides an empirical examination of these questions using data from the city of Los Angeles from 2000–2010 of robbery and burglary events.
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Grabowski, Andrzej. Argumenty i rozumowania prawnicze w konstytucyjnym państwie prawa: Komentarz. Edited by Monika Florczak-Wątor. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381383370.
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LEGAL ARGUMENTS AND REASONING IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-GOVERNED STATE: THE COMMENTARY The interdisciplinary research on legal argumentation presented in this volume, entitled Legal Arguments and Reasoning in the Constitutional Law-governed State: The Commentary (edited by Monika Florczak-Wątor and Andrzej Grabowski), is primarily inspired by the theory of constitutional law-governed state developed in Italy, Spain, and Latin American countries, by scholars proposing doctrines of positivist or postpositivist constitutionalism and neoconstitutionalism. As explained by Andrzej Grabowski in the “Introduction” [pp. 23–29], the theory is focused first and foremost on legal reasoning as it is conducted in the process of judicial law application and with particular stress on how it is affected by constitutional norms and values. Legal theory on its own does not seem to possess sufficient means to examine legal reasoning in constitutional law-governed states adequately—such an endeavour might be done far better with the help of dogmatics of constitutional law. Hence, this commentary on 91 arguments, topoi, and legal reasoning schemata result from the research team’s joint efforts composed of 18 legal theorists and constitutionalists.