Дисертації з теми "Procédé de recyclage"
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Diaz, Rodrigo. "Etude d'un procédé de recyclage thermomécanique de déchets élastomères." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4085.
Повний текст джерелаThe recycling of rubber in the industry has become highly important due to environmental and financial reasons. A recycling approach is to devulcanize the rubber in order to reintroduce it as a raw material. This is a challenging process since the objective is to rupture the rubber network by breaking sulfur bridges without damaging the polymer chains. This work aims to study a devulcanization process known as “High Shear Mixing” (HSM). A machine was designed, built and instrumented with the purpose of studying the different phenomena occurring during the devulcanization process. During the treatment, the rubber is sheared between two cones with special geometries. During this shearing the treated rubber is self-heated, a cooling system prevents the rubber degradation due to excessive heat. The objectives were to better understand the process and the physics behind, to determine a process parameter to follow the rubber evolution and to optimize the treatment. Our analysis highlighted 2 parameters: the rubber temperature and the specific mechanical energy consumed during the process. This energy can be correlated to the degree of devulcanization of the rubber which is measured by means of physicochemical analyses. An optimal state of surface activation on the treated rubber was also described. A physical model of the rubber network evolution along the HSM treatment is proposed. To validate the recycling efficiency, the effect of adding different fractions of treated rubber in the same raw material formulation was tested. A Taguchi method was used to design formulations and HSM factors to be tested. Reformulated mixtures were vulcanized and rubber properties were analyzed
Perrin, Didier. "Recyclage des SMC/BMC : étude d'un procédé de revalorisation par incorporation des broyats dans une matrice thermoplastique." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20056.
Повний текст джерелаMouawia, Ali. "Elaboration d'un procédé écologique autorisant la dégradation contrôlée de polydiènes en vue du recyclage de déchets d'élastomères." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2002.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is devoted to the development of an environmentally friendly method for the valuation of waste tire. This method is based on the degradation of tires natural rubber (NR) mainly composed of cis-1,4-polyisoprene (PI), to form telechelic polyisoprene, using the Ruthenium-catalyzed olefins metathesis reaction. The ionic liquid medium was chosen for this process to allow the easy recover of the product and to limit the toxic metal contamination of the product. The IL used in this study are cyphos 101 and [DOIM][Br]. The optimization of the reaction on the PI showed that cryogenic grinding is necessary and that the degradation could be controlled by the reaction time and the concentration of PI in the IL. Under these conditions, the catalytic ionic liquid phase could be reused up to 8 times in the degradation reaction of PI. This process allowed the synthesis of amino or acetate functionalized PI. Finally, this method was applied successfully to the degradation of waste tire
Alvarez, Gil Pedro Jose. "Étude du procédé d'hydroconversion des résidus pétroliers en phase slurry en mode recyclage." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1334.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years, refineries have experienced strong imbalances in supply and demand of petroleum products due to the extraction of increasingly heavy petroleum and the high demand for light fractions such as naphtha and middle distillates. This problem has led to the research and development of new technologies for upgrading of heavy fractions with low commercial value such as atmospheric and vacuum residues. In this context, slurry-phase hydroconversion appears as an attractive technology capable of treating the heaviest feeds. However, the deep conversion of petroleum residues can’t be carried out in once-through mode. The recycling mode offers an excellent alternative to achieve the deep conversion while also providing operational flexibility to the hydroconversion units in terms of severity and catalyst consummation.The aim of this work was to study the impact of recycling mode on the slurry-phase hydroconversion performances of a vacuum residue. The first part of this work was dedicated to the reliability of a continuous micro-scale pilot unit and the generation of experimental data from this unit. For the hydroconversion experiments, three operating variables were varied: temperature, residence time and recycling rate. The experimental results obtained allowed evaluating the impact of recycling mode. In order to better understand the impact of recycling mode, the second part of this work was dedicated to the development of a model of the micro-scale pilot in recycling mode. This model was developed taking into account the chemical kinetics determined previously in a semi-batch reactor and the physical characterization (hydrodynamics and mass transfer) of the micro-scale pilot. The model was validated by comparing its predictions with experimental data
Beauchamp, Marc-André. "Développement d'un procédé de recyclage des pales d'éoliennes en composite à matrice thermoplastique." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/256/1/BEAUCHAMP_Marc%2DAndr%C3%A9.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаQuéméner, Olivier. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un procédé de recyclage par induction d'alliages métalliques." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0124.
Повний текст джерелаMery, Mickaël. "Développement d'un procédé électrochimique pour le recyclage du néodyme à partir de déchets électroniques." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA026/document.
Повний текст джерелаNeodymium belongs to the lanthanide’s serie of the period system and is the key component of the permanent magnets Nd2Fe14B which are implemented in electronic devices and “green” technologies like wind turbines or electric cars and bicycles. Nowadays, only one percent of the neodymium in electronic scraps is recycled. Due to the geopolitical considerations and a strong increase of the use of permanent magnets, there is an impoverishment of the raw material resources leading to an instable market.Since some decades, few recycling processes have been developed on a lab scale without any upscaling to the industrial scale. The existing processes have several drawbacks like multiple steps to obtain the final desired product. This means that these methods have a long process time or use a large amount of chemical productsThe aim of this research was the development of a pyrochemical process, which could be an alternative to the existing recycling processes in order to extract neodymium from electronic scraps with less steps, a smaller amount of chemical products and a higher recovery rate of the rare neodymium. For this purpose a special reaction chamber has been created which resists to the severe experimental conditions induced by the use of high temperatures and corrosive molten salts. Moreover the electrochemical behaviour of neodymium in different chloride- and fluoride-based molten salts was studied in order to find the most appropriated setup.We could prove that the pyrochemical method could be the solution to recover neodymium from the old permanent magnets under its metallic form in just one single reaction step during an electrolysis
Belfqueh, Sahar. "Développement d’un procédé éco-compatible de recyclage des terres rares issues des aimants permanents." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://theses.enscm.fr/interne/ENSCM_2022_BELFQUEH.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRare earth elements (REEs) are omnipresent in high technology devices (smartphones, computers…) and are increasingly used in green technologies (wind power turbines, electric vehicles…). Due to their importance, these metals are considered critical for Europe, which has very few primary deposits. Access to these REEs can be considered through the recycling of end-of-life products, in particular through NdFeB or SmCo permanent magnets, which represent 37%, by weight, of the REEs market.In this context, this thesis studies the recycling of REEs, especially Nd, Pr and Dy from NdFeB permanent magnets, found in hard disk drives, through “eco-compatible” hydrometallurgical routes considering the use of organic acids in the leaching process as alternatives to the mineral acids, and the use of a diglycolamide (N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraoctyl diglycolamide - TODGA) as the extracting molecule as an alternative to organophosphorus compounds.Multiparametric studies were realized in order to evaluate the selective recovery of REEs from other elements present in these magnets, in particular iron.Thus, from the results obtained, two alternative methods are proposed.The first process consists in an oxidative roasting of the NdFeB magnet powder followed by two selective leaching steps that allow, after the steps of precipitation and calcination, the separation of Didymium oxide (Nd2O3. Pr2O3), dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) which is non-leachable in acetic acid. The feasibility of this process has been demonstrated on synthetic mixtures of oxides having the same composition as an oxidized NdFeB magnet powder (leaching> 95%, oxide purity> 99.8%). However, the oxidative roasting conditions must be further optimized in order to reproduce the same results on the real NdFeB magnet powder.The second process starts with the complete leaching of the non-roasted NdFeB magnet powder followed by a solvent extraction step using the extracting molecule TODGA. Thereby, a two-stage solvent extraction allowed the extraction of all REEs (Nd, Pr and Dy) with excellent selectivity against other elements present in the acetic acid leachate (Fe, B, Co and Ni). The quantitative stripping of all extracted REEs was possible using an EDTA solution. In addition, a multi-stage solvent extraction, using TODGA, followed by a stripping step using water allowed the separation of Didymium and dysprosium
Ausset, Sandrine. "Procédé de recyclage de mélanges ABS-PC issus de déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14760/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this PhD work was to propose a recycling process method of PC-ABS blend from real Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment deposit (WEEE) deposits. This recycling process has to be able to overcome the problematic related to polymer recycling.The main constraints about recycling process are the presence of polymeric impurities after sorting step as well as mechanical reprocessing (extrusion and injection molded). Firstly, the effect of impurities on the mechanical properties (tensile and impact strength) and morphology (SEM, TEM) of PC-ABS blends have been studied. The presence of immiscible impurity deteriorates the mechanical properties of PC-ABS. The addition of an appropriate compatibilizer enhances the interface between PC-ABS and the impurity. The compatibilizer improves the impact strength and changes the morphology of this blend. Secondly, the optimization of injection molding parameters generates a change in morphology. This change leads to an increase of the impact strength.Both methods were applied to a flame retardant PC-ABS from WEEE with an impurity. The addition of a compatibilizer and the modification of injection molding parameters improve the impact strength. The presences of an impurity and a compatibilizer have a negative effect on the flame retardant properties of the PC-ABS blend
Ausset, Sandrine. "Procédé de recyclage de mélanges ABS-PC issus de déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943822.
Повний текст джерелаBriand, Axel. "Étude d’un procédé de délamination en milieu CO2 supercritique pour le recyclage de modules photovoltaïques." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://theses.enscm.fr/interne/ENSCM_2022_BRIAND.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe volume of end-of-life photovoltaic panels to be managed will increase considerably over the next decade. In the context of an environmentally friendly circular economy, it is becoming more than necessary to develop efficient recycling processes. In this context, a delamination process using supercritical CO2 was studied for the recycling of end-of-life photovoltaic modules. The process studied in this thesis consists of a CO2 absorption phase within the encapsulating polymer, ethylene vinyl acetate, at a pressure level followed by a rapid depressurization leading to the foaming of the ethylene vinyl acetate. This foaming phenomenon leads to a loss of adhesion at the interfaces of the foamed polymer. This thesis proposes to study the phenomenology of each step. For this purpose, a coupling between a high-pressure cell and an optical device was used to allow in-situ observations of bubble formation and polymer expansion. Based on this understanding, the use of adapted operating parameters demonstrated the potentiality of the process for the complete delamination of photovoltaic modules for the specific recycling of each of its components
Djoudi, Neïla. "Conception, développement et mise au point d'un procédé hydrométallurgique de récupération du cobalt (II) issu de mines secondaires par précipitation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0010.
Повний текст джерелаCobalt is one of the fifty strategic metals considered essential for the industry and which are at the heart of global economic and geopolitical issues. This is why, research into the recovery of this critical metal, from industrial or urban waste, are particularly important for the years to come. The subject of the thesis is the development of a hydrometallurgical process to recover cobalt from a Li-ion battery leachate by precipitation. The first part of the thesis focused on the precipitating agent choice, which must meet a certain number of criteria in order to recover cobalt efficiently. Based on these criteria, a comparative study of the different precipitating agents was carried out. It was based on the literature as well as on the simulations of thermodynamic equilibria carried out in Visual Minteq 3.0. The results showed that it was possible to recover 99.8% of cobalt, in the hydroxide form. Based on these results, experiments were conducted to validate the hypotheses put forward and to compare the results obtained with the simulations performed. Experimentally, several parameters were studied in order to determine the optimal conditions for cobalt recovery, in terms of yield, filterability and selectivity. Certain parameters such as supersaturation can influence the product obtained typology (particle size, agglomerate size, polymorphism...). The selected polymorph should allow to obtain the highest yields and the lowest filtration times. Subsequently, the research focused on the study of complex synthetic media containing cobalt and manganese, thus getting closer to the real conditions of Li-ion battery leachates, and appearing on the proposed process scheme. Experimental results were compared to simulations previously carried out. Finally, based on the results obtained in discontinuous mode, experiments were carried out in continuous mode. It was possible to determine the optimal parameters for cobalt recovery and to extrapolate them to the pilot scale in a fluidized bed reactor, allowing the process to be considered on a larger scale
Maât, Nicolas. "Développement d'un procédé écologique pour le recyclage des aimants permanents Nd-Fe-B : voie hydrothermale, broyage." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR016/document.
Повний текст джерелаRare earth supplying is a very current topic, linked to the rare earth crisis of 2010. « Urban mining » is a promising path for recycling rare earths included in waste daily generated by industralized countries. In this work, we focus on recycling Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets, because they are a very interesting deposit for Neodymium, but also for Dysprosium and Praseodymium. More precisely, permanent magnets included in hard disks drives have been considered. The objective of this work is to set up environmentally friendly and low cost recycling processes for rare earths. First, we investigated hydrothermal treatment of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets, We developed a new and environmentally friendly approach for recycling Ni−Cu coated Nd-Fe−B permanent magnets included in computer hard disk drives. In a closed reactor, the coated magnets are heated at 250 °C in water mixed with sodium chloride for up to 18 h. First, the hydrothermal treatment induces the removal of the metallic coating that can be recovered by sieving. Then, the Nd-rich phase reacts with water, leading to the formation of Nd(OH)3. Atomic hydrogen is absorbed by the Nd2Fe14B phase, leading to the formation of Nd2Fe14BHx. The volume expansion of the intergranular phase, in relation to the formation of Nd(OH)3, together with the lattice expansion of the Nd2Fe14BHx phase causes the disintegration of the magnets. Finally, Nd2Fe14BHx is oxidized by water into Fe3O4 and Nd(OH)3. The Nd(OH)3 crystals can be isolated from the Fe3O4 crystals by magnetic separation. This process is thus an easy way to extract rare earths from permanent magnets found in WEEE. It uses green chemistry design principles and can be applied to large amounts of magnetic wastes. Mechanical milling of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets has also been investigated, and, in the study presented here, the milling effect on the magnetic properties of the Nd2Fe14B intermetallic was investigated using SQUID measurements, Mössbauer spectrometry and atom probe tomography (APT). Mechanical milling of the Nd2Fe14B alloy leads to its decomposition and its nanostructuration. This transformation induces first the formation of an amorphous, disordered phase Nd-Fe-B, with an enrichment in Neodymium; then to the formation of a mixture of -Fe and Nd-rich regions. The corresponding microstructure is very characteristic, with the formation of pure iron particles, with a hundred of nanometers in size, surrounded by an amorphous shell enriched in Neodymium and in Boron. Finally, intermixing of these phases is observed. Thanks to this work, we determine the behavior and the transformations of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets during two very different processes: hydrothermal treatment and mechanical milling. Results obtained with hydrothermal treatment are very promising for recycling rare earths at the industrial scale
Coudray, Mathias. "Procédé de recyclage des Assemblages Membrane Electrode (AME) de piles à combustible utilisant des liquides ioniques." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6h70f5d.
Повний текст джерелаRecovery of the protons-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) is an important issue for the growing of the fuel cells market. These MEAs contain platinum (Pt), which as a precious metal mainly influences the total cost of fuel cells. The recycling of Pt is still based to a great extent on hydro or pyrometallurgical techniques which produce toxic and pollutant gas emissions. Some studies aimed to set up processes to recycle platinum in a more sustainable way than traditional metal lixiviation using strong acids. The study here is part of this research field and is about a new way to separate the different components of the PEMFC electrode using ionic liquids for the recycling of these valuable materials. These liquids possess excellent thermal and chemical stability and their non-volatility can be useful to set up a safer way to recover platinum. A selection of ionic liquids was studied and some of them, including the P66614Cl (trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride), could be use to recover Pt nanoparticles detached from their carbon support and stabilized in the ionic liquid. A study on the interactions of ionic liquids and the components of the MEA allowed the extraction mecanisms to be better understood. Thus the ionics liquids interact strongly with Nafion in the catalyst layer which allows Pt nanoparticles to be recovered. These strong interactions set the stage for the simultaneous recycling of Nafion and Pt from MEAs
Herin, Philippe. "Élaboration d'un revêtement polyuréthanne : mise au point d'un nouveau procédé d'auto-démoulage en Génie Civil." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1396.
Повний текст джерелаThe aire of this work was to synthesize polyurethane material as well as the description of a new self - demoulding process of vibrated concrete structures used in the Civil engineering. To avoid any possible yellowing we chose to work with aliphatic diisocyanates (IPDI). The chain extenders arise from the family of polypropylenes glycols, sorts possessing due to their bridge ether a resistance to bases. Different cross-linking agents were chosen as the trirnethylolpropane, the Desmophen 550E. J, the trithioglycerol. The manufacturing process is based on the bi-components method: synthesis of prepoiymers with isocyanates endings then reaction with cross-linking agents with mobile hydrogens. The pulverizing with a system Airrnix was held as method of coating for the industrial trans fer. To assure a better turning out, a new process of demoulding was tested. It consists of the formulation of composite, composite one obtained by coating of the bi-component varnish held on an organic or minerai fiber. AII the materials were characterized by different techniques: IR, ATR, NMR. The numerous reserved formulations as well as the various composites elaborated are degradable by phosphorous sorts as triethylphosphate allowing the obtaining of useful oligo-urethanes in anti-fire covers
Gouyé-Guilbert, Nathalie. "Mise au point d'un procédé de recyclage de boues de fermentation appliquée à la production de la pristinamycine. Incidence du recyclage sur la biosynthèse de l'antibiotique." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20022.
Повний текст джерелаRiou, Fabienne. "Procédé de traitement des déchets de circuits imprimés : valorisation par dépolymérisation chimique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0906.
Повний текст джерелаMaxime, Dominique. "Vers des procédés de salage-séchage plus sobres et moins polluants. Traitements et recyclage des saumures complexes de déshydratation-imprégnation de produits de la mer." Massy, ENSIA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EIAA0119.
Повний текст джерелаPuprasert, Chaiyaporn. "Contribution à la mise au point d'application spécifique des hydrocyclones en traitement des eaux." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0003.
Повний текст джерелаThe aims of this research are to study the potential of using hydrocyclone in water treatment field and to study the possibility of applying hydrocyclone in some specifics applications. The first specific application is to use the hydrocyclone equipped, at the underflow outlet, with the microdecanter called Grit pot in run-off water treatment processes. This specific hydrocyclone had the advantages of the two processes, hydrocyclone and decanter without presenting their disadvantages. The second specific application concerns the potential of the recycle of talc, which was used as a ballasting additive in biological treatment, and activated carbon, which was used in potable water treatment. In these 2 applications, hydrocyclone showed its high performance and economically recycled of talc as well as activated carbon. The last part of this research, the most innovating part, is to study the technical feasibility of the hybrid process, which integrated in the same reactor with 3 processes: coagulation-flocculation, dissolved air flotation and centrifugal separation in water treatment field
Martinez, Stéphane. "Procédé d'optimisation de la gestion du recyclage des effluents des serres (P. R. O. G. R. E. S)." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00001481/.
Повний текст джерелаAlvarado, patino Nelson Andrey. "Évaluation des performances thermomécaniques des enrobés bitumineux à fort taux de recyclage : Apport du procédé de régénération Fenixfalt." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0021/document.
Повний текст джерелаAn experimental programme has been performed on three types of bituminous mixes with variable recycling rates and the possible addition of rejuvenator. The mix composition and the production process have been defined in order to perform a comparative analysis. The coating process modifies the physico-chemical parameters of the binders, like consistency, glassy transition temperature, cristallizable moiety, aromatics and asphaltenes rates; the above variations are limited by using the rejuvenator. As the RAP content increases, the compactibility and the rutting of the mixes decrease and the viscoelastic stiffness increases, but the rejuvenation reduces these variations. Globally, RAP increases the fatigue resistance of the mixes and flattens the Wöhler curve. Rejuvenation enhances ɛ6 fatigue parameter; fatigue performances increase with R&B temperature and colloidal index of the binder and as the viscous component of the mixes decreases. The positive impact of a high rate of RAP and of the rejuvenation on the allowable traffic has been evaluated from the structural design of a threelayered pavement. At low temperature, the deterioration of the tension ductility and of the stress restrained failure temperature produced by the RAP, is limited by the rejuvenation; a compromise with the fatigue resistance has to be found. The rejuvenated mixes laid as surface layers on a provincial road have experienced a smaller evolution that non rejuvenated mixes
Benyahya-Bouayad, Sofia. "Immobilisation de ligands par voie sol-gel pour l'arylation de nucléophiles oxygénés catalysée au cuivre." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20082.
Повний текст джерелаOur aim was to develop a way to synthesize diarylethers using copper catalyted ligands immobilized on silyl-organic inorganic materials prepared by sol-gel. The interest of these heterogeneous systems is that they are recyclable and reusable, less polluting and less toxic due to their ability to sequester metal catalyst. This is particularly important for use of diaryléthers obtained in pharmaceutical industry. We managed to synthesize by sol-gel process materials incorporating bipyridine or β-dicarbonyl type ligands. These materials were then applied in copper-catalyzed arylation of phenols by aryl iodides and bromides. The new heterogeneous catalysts have yielded good results in arylation of oxygen nucleophilies and also in terms of recovery and reuse. In addition, diaryléthers products are obtained "clean" of copper traces used in catalysis. The method we developed is therefore particularly competitive in terms of cost, pollution and residual toxicity. It is to our knowledge the first example of ligand supported on silica by sol-gel and applied in copper-catalyzed arylation of phenols
Cramer, Jonathan. "Etude d'un procédé plasma thermique pour l'extraction, la récupération et la valorisation d'éléments stratégiques contenus dans des matériaux types DEEE." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEC013.
Повний текст джерелаThe PERSE (Plasma Enhanced Recovery of Strategic Elements) project aims to develop a metallurgical process for the selective recovery of metallic elements of interest contained in WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment). This process must be able to adapt to several types of materials from WEEE
Goument, Caroline. "Caractérisation, mise en forme et recyclage de polymères biosourcés pour le développement d’un procédé de fabrication plastronique respectueux de l’environnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0109.
Повний текст джерелаIn the majority of cases, electronic objects in our everyday life have a plastic casing made of petrochemical polymer materials. Today, replacing the petrochemical-based materials with more environmentally-friendly ones is a necessary transition. 3D plastronics is an emerging field of research than can overcome some of the limitations of conventional electronics, particularly as it requires to redefine the polymer substrates. This PhD is part of the BIOANTENNA project of the AURA Region's Ambition Research Pack, whose goal is to manufacture an innovative electronic device in terms of the materials used and the functionalities of the electronic circuit. In this thesis, we study a mass production process for electronic devices called In-Mold Electronics (IME). It comprises three main stages: screen printing, thermoforming and injection molding. In the state of the art, the reference polymer in IME is PolyCarbonate (PC). Our goal is to replace PC with a more environmentally-friendly material: Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA). Over the last ten years, this polymer has been the subject of numerous studies in order to use it as an alternative to petrochemical-based engineering polymers. PLA is the most widely used biosourced polymer today. It is also biodegradable in industrial composting, which could provide a solution for end-of-life products and make it suitable for use in the circular economy. This manuscript is divided in two main parts : one regarding the manufacturing of a plastronic device using IME and PLA, and the other on the dismantling of the IME devices manufactured in the first part
Xuan, Wen. "Développement d'un procédé hydrométallurgique pour le recyclage des électrodes positives de type NMC contenues dans les batteries lithium-ion usagées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0074.
Повний текст джерелаElectrochemical energy storage is essential for energy transition. Currently, Lithium-ion batteries are one of the successful technologies to store and release energy reversibly for electric vehicles and many other applications. As a part of the circular economy, the spent lithium-ion batteries must be recycled. Hydrometallurgy is one of the solutions to process batteries and produce raw materials that can be reused to make new batteries. In this context, this PhD thesis focused on the development of a hydrometallurgical process for recycling NMC cathodic materials (LiNixMnyCozO2) contained in spent Li-ion batteries. After a detailed presentation of the context and the recycling technologies of lithium-ion batteries in the first chapter of the manuscript, the second chapter concerns the development of the first step of a hydrometallurgical process, i.e. the leaching operation. This part addresses the comprehension of the mechanisms of NMC leaching in hydrochloric acid. A new mechanism was proposed, which suggests that the reaction takes place in two steps: a fast phase transformation leading to the formation of a new lithium-deficient phase followed by the dissolution of this new phase which is the limiting step. Leaching kinetics have been successfully described by several semi-empirical kinetic models. The experimental data can be used to find optimal experimental conditions to efficiently leach NMC cathode materials in 4 mol L⁻¹ hydrochloric acid. In the third chapter, a new flowsheet implementing solvent extraction and precipitation stages was designed based on the results found in the second chapter. It was shown that cobalt(II) could be extracted at room temperature from 7 mol L⁻¹ hydrochloric acid by using 0.4 mol L⁻¹ Alamine® 336 diluted in kerosene modified by 1-dodecanol at a phase volume ration O/A=2 by means of four mixer settlers. Afterwards, cobalt(II) was stripped by 0.1 mol L⁻¹ hydrochloric acid. In a second step, manganese(II) could be extracted at room temperature by 0.7 mol L⁻¹ Alamine® 336 diluted in kerosene modified by 1-dodecanol at a phase volume ratio O/A=2 by means of two mixer settlers. Nickel(II) was precipitated at pH 8 without lithium co-precipitation. In the last chapter, the potentialities of antisolvent precipitation and its implementation into a lithium-ion battery recycling process was assayed. It turns out that antisolvent precipitation using ethanol or acetone cannot be applied to precipitate cobalt(II), nickel(II), manganese(II) or lithium(I) in acidic chloride media. Conversely, it was possible to precipitate all of the metals except for lithium(I) from a leaching solution produced from NMC dissolution in 1.5 mol L⁻¹ citric acid at S/L = 20 g/ L. After mixing two parts of acetone in one part of the leachate, 99 (wt)% of manganese, 98 (wt)% of cobalt and 87 (wt)% of nickel were recovered in the precipitate after 120 hours while the Li remained in solution. This process paves the way for the separation of manganese(II), cobalt(II) and nickel(II) from lithium(I). The precipitate was calcined at 900 °C for 1 hour to produce mixed metal oxides
Moulin, Ludovic. "Vapothermolyse des pneus usagés. Valorisation du noir de carbone récupéré, relation procédé-produit." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0015/document.
Повний текст джерелаAccording to the European Tyre Recycling Association (ETRA), more than 3 millions tonnes of waste tires are to be treated in Europe each year and are subject to legislation and regulation policies for the re-use and recycling of 95 % of the total mass of end-of-life vehicles. Despite the various opportunities for recycling used tires (civil engineering applications, material recovery, energy recovery), a part of the French available resource remains unvalued and none of the applications just mentioned focuses specifically on the recovery of carbon black, which is one of the main component of a tire. This high added value product is mainly used as reinforcing filler in the rubber and plastics industries. There are two types of industrialized thermal processes for recovering the carbon black from an end-of-life tire : pyrolysis and steam thermolysis. Steam thermolysis, currently industrialized by Alpha Recyclage Franche Comté (ARFC), is an efficient pyrolysis alternative which uses superheated steam at atmospheric pressure. The substitution of carbon blacks produced from a conventional manufacturing process by carbon blacks recovered from the steam thermolysis treatment is based upon the quality of the recycled product, especially regarding its physicochemical properties (intrinsic and surface). The objective of this work is to propose and implement an adequate methodology to recover and characterize the physicochemical properties of recovered carbon black (rCB) from steam thermolysis of a tire, to assess the impact of the process operating conditions on the properties of the rCB, and finally to valorize the rCB as an alternative reinforcing filler for the elaboration of a final product
Vincent, Hugues. "Etude de la récupération des métaux précieux des cendres par un procédé de pyrométallurgie." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11046.
Повний текст джерелаDuclos, Lucien. "Vers l’éco-conception des piles à combustible : développement d'un procédé de recyclage des catalyseurs des systèmes de PEMFC à base de platine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI051/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) can be used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy using hydrogen which can be produced from renewable sources. Platinum (Pt) is the best catalyst used to perform PEMFC electrochemical reaction catalysis. However Pt resources are low and his production (extraction and refining) is complex. Moreover the platinum price represents an important part of the PEMFC stack cost. Nowadays this technology is too expensive to be competitive with conventional energy conversion systems, and cannot be commercialized at a large scale. In addition, PEMFC electrode platinum loading could not be reduced without affecting the system performance and durability. Thus PEMFC production cost could be reduced by recovering platinum from used fuel cells.The main goal of this thesis was to develop a platinum recovery way from fuel cells membrane electrodes-assemblies (MEAs). In order to achieve this objective the following steps were combined in a hydrometallurgical process: (i) leaching, (ii) separation, (iii) recovery. Several alternatives were tested for each step: leaching (HCl/H2O2, HCl/HNO3), separation (resin or solvent), and platinum recovery (as nanoparticles or as a complex). These platinum recovery steps were optimized using Pt/C catalysts and synthetic solutions. Then life-cycle analysis (LCA) methodology has been used to help with the process selection.Finally, about 76% of the platinum contained in multi-metallic catalysts (PtCo/C) MEAs has been recovered. The following path has been followed in this case: (i) dissolution in HCl/H2O2 solution, (ii) separation from cobalt with an ion exchange resin, (iii) recovery has nanoparticles using the polyol process. The LCA study final results showed that a significant reduction of PEMFC MEA life-cycle environmental impact could be achieved by recycling Pt at these systems end-of-life
Numazawa, Sueo. "Contribution à l'étude de la pyrolyse lente sous pression du bois. Détermination des paramètres optima du procédé et caractéristiques des produits obtenus." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1286.
Повний текст джерелаGonin, Anne. "Mise au point d'un procédé de recyclage d'effluents par couplage électrodialyse-échange d'ions : application aux éluats issus de la régénération de résines de déminéralisation de jus sucrés." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20189.
Повний текст джерелаFraïsse, Frédéric. "Etude du recyclage de mélanges PET/PC en vue de définir un procédé respectueux de l'environnement pour l'utilisation de profilés dans le bâtiment." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_81.
Повний текст джерелаLalou, Ahmed. "Mise au point d'un procédé d'extraction des hémicelluloses à partir d'un substrat végétal ligno-cellulosique : application au cas des coques de tournesol." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT028G.
Повний текст джерелаGibier, Maximilien. "Optimisation de l’intégration de déchets dans un procédé de fabrication de panneaux isolants en fibres de bois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0132.
Повний текст джерелаThe PAVATEX company, which belongs to SOPREMA group is a manufacturer of insulating wood fiber panels, is interested in expanding its supply sources to other less expensive wood species within the SoPRANo'TEX project. In addition, in order to contribute actively to the development of the furniture wood waste recycling industry, the introduction of wood waste is part of the project's goals. These wastes contain a significant part of additives, in particular urea-formaldehyde glue, which it is convenient to remove to improve the use of this type of waste as raw material in the timber industry.This is why a thermal treatment stage is envisaged for the wood wastes, on the one hand to " clean " the matter and also to confer to the wood some specific properties by reducing its hygroscopic character. The outcomes expected are a reduction of the energy consumption of the defibration stage, a limitation of the transfer of pollutants to the gaseous and liquid effluents of the defibering stage and an improvement of the final material properties, in particular concerning its dimensional stability, its durability against fungi and its thermal performances in wet conditions. A second way of waste depollution, hydrothermolysis (or steam cooking), has been identified during the thesis. Indeed, the resins contained in the DEA are easily hydrolyzed, which allows to decontaminate efficiently the material while limiting the degradation of the wood.The thesis focuses on the thermal treatment, defibering and hydrothermolysis processes with the objective of analyzing the liquid and gaseous effluents for each process. The aim of this work is also to optimize the operating conditions of these processes in order to produce thermally treated wood wastes, in large quantities (pilot scale), in order to elaborate fibers adapted to the manufacture of wood fiber insulating panels. The last phase of the thesis work consists in the manufacturing and in the performance characterization of panels prototypes manufactured and to determine the impact of various parameters. A technico-economic study is also proposed from the state of the art and experimental data according to the proposed scenarios to evaluate the interest of these ways
Viglianti, Christophe. "Approche alternative du lavage de sols pollués par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : utilisation des cyclodextrines avec procédés de recyclage." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784723.
Повний текст джерелаBuitron, Mendez German. "Biodégradation de composés xénobiotiques par un procédé discontinu de type SBR." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0030.
Повний текст джерелаLakel, Abdelkader. "Analyse déterministe de systèmes de biofiltration en écoulements saturé et insaturé dans le cadre d'un procédé d'assainissement autonome avec recyclage permettant l'élimination des composés azotés." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0053.
Повний текст джерелаGotteland, Delphine. "Procédé d’hydroconversion par catalyse dispersée des résidus lourds pétroliers." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10198.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Boom Aurore. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un procédé de valorisation des cendres volantes et des résidus d'épuration des fumées d'incinération d'ordures ménagères." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210246.
Повний текст джерелаLes recherches présentées ici s’inscrivent dans cette tendance nouvelle et visent l’élaboration d’un procédé combinant traitement et valorisation des REFIOM.
Les REFIOM représentent en fait différents types de résidus provenant des installations que rencontrent les fumées issues de l’incinération des déchets. La composition des résidus diffère selon leur origine. Il est dès lors apparu essentiel de considérer chaque type de résidu séparément et de poursuivre l’élaboration d’un traitement sur un seul type de REFIOM. Nous avons choisi de concentrer les recherches sur les Cendres Volantes de Chaudière (CVC), ces résidus se retrouvant dans tout incinérateur.
Le traitement des CVC est basé sur l’extraction de fractions valorisables et la séparation de fractions contaminées, permettant d’obtenir des résidus acceptables en décharge ou, idéalement eux-mêmes valorisables.
Une séparation magnétique permet d’extraire environ 10% en poids des CVC mais ne semble pas exploitable dans le cadre du traitement des CVC car les particules magnétiques contiennent des impuretés (composés non magnétiques) et que le résidu final reste contaminé.
Une étude de la répartition des éléments en fonction de la taille des particules (granulochimie) est effectuée sur les CVC. Il apparaît intéressant de séparer la fraction inférieure à 38 µm obtenue lors d’une séparation granulométrique, effectuée en voie humide en utilisant une solution dense. En effet, cette fraction semble être nettement plus contaminée en Pb (soluble) que le reste des CVC. Une telle séparation constitue dès lors la première étape du traitement des CVC. Elle est suivie par des étapes de lavage des fractions obtenues, visant à extraire les sels solubles (chlorures et métaux). Les lavages sont envisagés à contre-courant afin d’utiliser au mieux l’eau de lavage. Une recirculation interne des solutions est également prévue, de sorte que, théoriquement, le procédé ne génère pas d’effluents liquides. Une étape de précipitation de composés métalliques (PbS dans ce cas-ci) est prévue après le lavage des boues.
Le procédé de traitement des CVC produirait ainsi des boues et des granulats décontaminés, des sels et des précipités métalliques. Seules certaines étapes du procédé ont été investiguées en laboratoire ;des essais supplémentaires sont encore nécessaires pour optimiser chaque étape, comprendre les phénomènes physico-chimiques qui se produisent et assurer des filières de valorisation.
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Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) fly ashes and Air Pollution Control (APC) residues are considered as hazardous waste according to the limits for the acceptance of waste at landfills, because high amounts of chlorides and heavy metals leach from the solids when those are in contact with water. These residues have thus to be treated before they can be accepted in landfill. Several treatments aim to limit the leaching of the residues. Beside these treatments, some research works go further the treatment and consider the valorisation of MSWI fly ashes and APC residues, e.a. in cementitious materials.
The present work follows the new trend and aims to build up a process that combines treatment and valorisation of MSWI fly ashes and APC residues.
MSWI fly ashes and APC residues come from the devices encountered by the flue gases from waste incineration. The residues composition differs according to their origin. It seems thus essential to consider each type of residues separately and to develop the treatment only on one sort of residue. Boiler Fly Ashes (BFA) were chosen because they exist in every modern MSWI plant.
The BFA treatment is based on the extraction of valorisable fractions and on the separation of contaminated fractions, which makes the final residues less hazardous; these final residues would then be acceptable in landfill, or, even better, be valorisable.
A magnetic sorting extracts ~10% (wt.) of BFA; however, such a separation would not be useful in a treatment process because the magnetic particles contain some impurities (non magnetic particles) and the final residue is still hazardous.
The repartition of the elements according to the particles size has been studied on BFA. It seems interesting to separate the BFA at 38 µm by a wet sieving process using a dense solution. The lower fraction presents a higher contamination in Pb (soluble) than the larger. Consequently, the first step of the BFA treatment consists of a wet sieving. Washing steps follow the sieving and aim to extract soluble salts (chlorides, heavy metals). These washings work in a counter-current way to optimise the use of water. The solutions are recycled in the process, which implies the absence of liquid effluents. A precipitation step of some metallic compounds (PbS in this case) is foreseen after the washing of the lower fraction.
The BFA treatment process would produce decontaminated sludge and coarse fractions, salts and metallic compounds. Some steps of the process have been investigated at lab-scale; further studies are necessary to optimise each step, to understand the observed reactions and to guarantee valorisation channels.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Dooms, Maxime. "Etude des compartiments d’hydrolyse et de méthanogenèse d’un procédé de méthanisation en voie épaisse multi-étapes phasé en température : Le procédé Arkométha." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI025.
Повний текст джерелаThe Arkométha ® process is a system treating organic wastes in several sectors working at high solid concentration and being temperature phased. The present work focuses on the performances of the different phases of the process in treating agricultural wastes. In a first time, the hydrolysis sector has been studied. The most influent parameters have been identified (temperature and retention time), using design of experience. They have been tested afterwards at a pilot scale in order to assess the influence on solubilization and later methane production. Then, tests have been conducted at the lab scale in continuous mode using serial reactors. The methanogenic compartment, composed by two to three sectors has been studied highlighting the efficiency of each sector. The effect of temperature has also been studied, with a strong impact. The two compartments being used in series enabled the study of the complete process. This allowed highlighting some risks linked with certain temperatures combinations. On the other hand, a comparison with a single step reactor has been made. Beside the analysis of the relative performances of each compartment, a major result of this work lies in the distinction between hydrolysis and solubilization. Eventually, we showed that the gain brought by the hydrolysis compartment is not only related to solubilization of organic matter, but also in the increase in kinetics in the downwards sectors. Interestingly, while temperature has a major role in solubilization, it is of less importance in improving the degradation kinetics, where the retention time becomes of higher importance
Guiga, Wafa. "Identification des inhibiteurs de la germination de l'orge et mise au point d'un procédé de traitement des eaux de trempe en malterie en vue leur recyclage." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL077N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is focused on the reuse of malting process wastewaters, especially steep-out waters. The negative impact of these waters on malt quality was demonstrated: their reuse results in a water uptake delay and a germination delay. Then, the characterisation of these steep-out waters allowed to identify germination inhibitors: they are intermediates of oxidation and polymerisation reactions of phenolic compounds. Finally, a membrane bioreactor treatment process of steep-out waters was developed. Studied at laboratory and pilot scales - with and without coupling to reverse osmosis or activated carbon step - this process was efficient for water treatment and for the removal of inhibitors. The reuse of these treated waters at the steeping step didn't have any negative impact on the process performances,and malts obtained allowed to prepare beers of comparable qualities
Gonçalves, Marques Gabriela. "Effet du recyclage mécanique sur la modification structurale et le comportement mécanique du PET vierge et renforcé choc." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10273.
Повний текст джерелаRecycling is today one of the possibilities for limiting the environmental impact of plastic wastes. In this context, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is in the spotlight, being the most recycled polymers in the word. Despite the efforts spent in recycling this material, many technical challenges still restrain its industrial development. This research work intends to better understand the limitations of the mechanical recycling of PET and to offer innovative technical solutions for these drawbacks. The ambition of this project is to extend the use of acrylic-based impact modifiers to boost the mechanical performances of PET while studying their recycling potential. The first experimental phase of this research focus on clarifying the relationship between structural modification caused by successive reprocessing cycles and the mechanical response of recycled PET (rPET). Then, the introduction of low concentration of additives is assessed. Two different reinforcement strategies based in impact modifiers, reactive or nonreactive, are investigated and their performances compared. Finally, the reprocessing potential of the produced blends is also identified. The contribution of the presence of impact modifiers on the different structural modifications observed previously can help to better understand their action and the different mechanisms taking place. Throughout this work, processing parameters and the rheological response of the blends are discussed. Thermal transitions and the morphology of the blends also guide their understanding. Finally, aspects such as the effect of the physical aging of the PET matrix are investigated. The main objective of this PhD work is, therefore, to expand the recycling possibilities of PET, facilitating it without affecting its ecological balance
Duterme, Amandine. "Estimation de l'état d'un procédé basée sur la réconciliation de données couplée à un simulateur : application à l'aide à la conduite d'une unité de recyclage du combustible nucléaire usé." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0122.
Повний текст джерелаThe process state is defined by the flux diagram that reaches the required performances, built thanks to the knowledge of the phenomenon at stake. Characteristic measurements of the process state can be highlighted and form the state indicators. The availability of a process simulatorallows the operating data and the indicator values to be linked. The process operation support uses the available measurements, such as operating parameters and state indicators. The main goal of operation is to stay as close as possible to the targeted process state, which is characterized by the key performance indicators (KPI). It is therefore essential to follow in real time the gap between the targeted and the real state. However, takinginto account the measurement uncertainties and the potential biases on the sensors, the use of raw measurements is not satisfactory and it is of first importance to filter and reconcile the measured physical values. Within the framework of online model based application and data reconciliation (DR), we focused on software sensors for state estimation and process performances. The aim is to build a smart operation support tool for complex process, based on the knowledge of the process operations and available information through reconciled measurements. The inventory and analysis of available data from the industrial units (position and type of sensors) allows, depending on the model, the process observability and redundancy evaluation. The use of the redundancy thanks to the DR increases the confidence in operational information and generates a set of consistent data, at least with mass balance and, depending on the model, with fundamental laws that govern the behavior of matter in physics and chemistry. Two formulations to solve the optimization problem are offered and compared: the first one stands on a feasible path approach, using a knowledge-based simulator for the DR and estimating the model parameters in real time in order to exploit the maximum amount of information available through the sensors ; the second one lies on a surrogate model and an unfeasible path approach in order to prevent potential numerical challenges in feasible path approach such as complex derivative evaluation, optimizing tool and simulator interface, high calculating time and need of good initialization. The two tools aim to estimate, with maximum precision, measured or nonmeasured physical quantities, state and key performance indicators, and need to be reliable, even in the case of a missing measurement and biased sensors. The knowledge of process state and performance is of valuable assistance for operations and help in the estimation of operating margins to guarantee the safety. The suggested methodology has been validated on different scenarios carried out with industrial data from La Hague Plant, managed by Orano, recycling the spent nuclear fuel. The PUREX process achieves the co-decontamination and separation of uranium and plutonium through solvent extraction and purification cycles. The CEA has developed and validated a knowledge-based model included in the PAREX simulator. It is capable of simulating the extraction and stripping operations used in the PUREX process, in steady state and transient regime. Combining DR and PAREX simulator, the tool reduces the measurement uncertainty and helps to support decision to strive towards the optimal and safest process operation
David, Sébastien. "Altération de déchets amiantés par des bactéries et des sidérophores en vue du développement d’un procédé de bioremédiation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ087.
Повний текст джерелаConsidering its toxic effect on health, the use of asbestos has been banned in France since 1997. Currently, asbestos removal is a priority and we have to deal with huge amount of wastes. Only two treatments are in use, storage or transformation in glass by plasma technology. However, these methods do not eliminate the waste. The aim of this project is to explore various biological pathways in order to develop a biotechnical process to treat asbestos waste. This work showed for the first time that pyoverdines are able to solubilize iron from asbestos with various efficiency depending in pyoverdine structure. We highlighted that waste represent an iron and magnesium source for fluorescent Pseudomonas thanks to the use of siderophores for iron release and an unknown mechanism for magnesium. Moreover, the use of organic acids associated with bacteria allowed a huge extraction of iron and magnesium from asbestos waste, which is the best pathway to date
Le, Guern Cécile. "Séparation de déchets de plastiques par voie physico-chimique (flottation-moussage) en vue de leur recyclage : applicabilité au mélange PVC/PET bouteilles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_LE_GUERN_C.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKanari, Ndue. "Extraction des métaux de valeur des concentrés de chalcopyrite et de chromite par chloruration." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_KANARI_N.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Thanh Binh. "Valorisation des sédiments de dragage traités par le procédé NOVOSOL(R) dans des matériaux d'assises de chaussée : comportement mécanique et environnemental." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/704/.
Повний текст джерелаThe management of dredged sediments is a challenge for our society because of their huge volume. The contamination of heavy metals and organic micro pollutants make that the majority of dredged sediments are regarded as dangerous waste and are put in discharge. This isn't in the same point of view of the durable development policy: the French law supports the valorization so that only ultimate waste is put in discharge. In this context, Solvay Company has developed the process NOVOSOL(r) for the treatment of the dredged sediments polluted. The process comprises two stages: an immobilization of heavy metals by formation of apatite under a phosphatising reaction with acid phosphoric and a destruction of the organic matter by a calcination. The goal of this thesis is to use river sediments treated by the process NOVOSOL(r) in road base materials. Experimental studies in laboratory comprise two aspects: mechanical performance and leaching behaviour. The treated sediments by NOVOSOL(r) are introduced into road base mixes treated with cementitious binders as substitute for regular sand. The preparation of materials according to the normalized methodology in laboratory does not present any difficulty. As the treated sediments content increases, the water demand increases and the materials are less compact than reference material. This is due to the characteristics of treated sediments: important ratio of fines, friability and the porosity of granular. These characteristics have as a consequence to weaken the granular skeleton, which results in a reduction in the stiffness module of materials. On the other side, the reactivity of treated sediments NOVOSOL(r) in the matrix of cimentitious binder and a better homogeneity of materials lead to an improvement of the tensile strength. Mechanical performance of all the materials with of treated sediments NOVOSOL(r) evaluated by index of elastic quality is better than that of the reference material. .
Djona, Maurice. "Nouveau procédé pour la récupération de Co, Ni, Mo et V à partir des catalyseurs usés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL001N.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Yun. "Catalyseurs d'oxydation en conditions de chimie verte : métaux non toxiques, eau oxygénée, transformation de la biomasse, recyclage par greffage." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30241.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to develop a chemistry more respectful of the environment, access to sustainable processes is mandatory. More specifically, in the field of oxidation chemistry, use of toxic oxidants has to be banished, use of solvents limited and reusable catalysts developed. In this context, two types of greener approaches have been explored. The first approach concerns removal or replacement of acetic acid, an additive - in association with H2O2, favoring exclusive formation of epoxides with Mn and Fe metal complexes as catalysts. For this objective, two strategies have been explored. The first one consists in introducing fluoroalcohol functions in the second coordination sphere of metal complexes with pyridinophane-based ligand to easily activate H2O2. Those complexes did not enhance the catalytic activity for cyclooctene oxidation reactions in comparison to analogous Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes with unmodified ligands. However, Ni(II) and Co(II) metal complexes with unmodified ligands display interesting catalytic activity for H2 photoproduction. The second strategy aimed to replace acetic acid. Using silica beads functionalized with COOH pendant arms (SiO2@COOH) as additive and H2O2 as oxidant, catalytic epoxidation reactions catalyzed by Mn(II) and Fe(III) metal complexes with BPMEN ligand displayed significant selectivity towards epoxide. The second approach concerns organic-solvent free (ep)oxidation processes with catalysts based on polyoxometalates (POMs). Catalysts SiO2@PMo and SiO2@PW, respectively obtained by ionic grafting of H3PMo12O40 or H3PW12O40 on silica beads functionalized with NH2 pending functions (SiO2@NH2), have been fully characterized. With low catalyst loading, both catalysts displayed efficient oxidation activity and better selectivity than the free POMs. Moreover, recovered beads gave similar conversion and selectivity after two recycling processes
Roiron, Coline. "Contribution à la caractérisation thermomécanique d’un polyéthylène auto-renforcé et de ses « recyclats » : Effet des paramètres du procédé de moulage par compression." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ESMA0004.
Повний текст джерелаReducing energy consumption is an essential issue for today's society. In order to achieve a sustainable energy transition, especially in the field of transportation, new and more demanding regulations are being implemented. The keywords are to increase the proportion of recycled and recyclable materials and lightening structural parts.The use of polymers can be a solution. However, to guarantee good mechanical resistance, the use of self-reinforced composites(SRP) is a lever for action. They are composed of a polymer or a family of polymers in two physical states, one to form the matrix and the second for the reinforcement. They present a low density, interesting mechanical behavior, and increased recyclability. To understand the behavior of a self-reinforced polyethylene and to be able to consider the use of this material for a given application,it is essential to understand the behavior of each of its components. If the behavior of more conventional composites, such as glass or carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites, is well understood, using thermoplastic reinforcements such as UHMWPE (Ultra-High Molecular Weight PolyEthylene) within the composite makes the understanding of the behavior of SRP more complex. The impact of temperature and time on the mechanical response of the reinforcements is then examined in a first step, and the observations are related to microstructural considerations. A test protocol has been proposed and validated before hand. A solid-phase transition is highlighted around 49°C and generates an abrupt behavior change.These UHMWPE reinforcements are integrated into composites. A compression molding process is suggested to process them in a single step from a matrix in granular form. The effect of different process parameters is evaluated to propose an optimal combination.The short and long-term mechanical response in tension and creep is then analyzed, and the interest of the SRPE thus designed is highlighted. Indeed, the benefit of its use is evident, especially at low temperatures. Moreover, the presence of thermoplastic reinforcements seems to introduce additional parameters that affect the behavior of the composites and, in particular, in creep. The precise characterization and the knowledge of the transition temperatures of the latter appeared then determining, mainly since the transitions depend on the microstructure of the reinforcement and thus on the type of stretching and the applied conditions. Finally, the recyclability of the implemented composites is studied since it constitutes a driving force for the development of SRP on the market
Benyahya, Sofia. "Immobilisation de ligands par voie sol-gel pour l'arylation de nucléophiles oxygénés catalysée au cuivre." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690537.
Повний текст джерела