Статті в журналах: "Printing ink Absorption and adsorption"

1

Cheng, Yun, Hongjie Zhang, Xue Zhang, Wenhui Zhang, Chuanfei Shi, Rongyao Zhu, Ting Jiao, and Haiyan Zhang. "The adsorption mechanism of water-based ink particles onto cellulosic fibers." BioResources 15, no. 4 (October 23, 2020): 9375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.9375-9384.

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Water-based flexographic-printed ink has attracted much attention due to the reduced emission of volatile organic compounds in the printing process. However, it is difficult to remove water-based ink particles with small particle size and high hydrophilicity because they are easily reabsorbed onto cellulosic fibers during wastepaper recycling. In this paper, the absorption mechanism of water-based ink particles onto fibers was studied by using isotherm models and adsorption dynamic kinetics models at different temperatures. The adsorption process was fitted to the Freundlich isotherm, and the adsorption behavior was spontaneous and exothermic processes with an increase of entropy. It fitted well with the pseudo-second-order rate model, and the equilibrium adsorption amounts at three temperature conditions were 2.55, 2.34, and 2.21 mg/g, respectively. The B value was 9.20 g·mg−1·min−1, and the Ea value was 15.6 kJ·mol−1. The results showed that it was easier to remove the water-based ink particles from cellulosic fibers under shorter contact time and higher operation temperature during wastepaper recycling. It would be helpful to optimize the wastepaper recycling operation and to develop a novel deinking process.

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2

Li, Ying, Wen Juan Gu, and Bang Gui He. "Research on the Influence of Printing Pressure and Speed on Print Quality of Coated Paper." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.286.

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What happens in the paper surface about ink absorption is of great important for appearance of final printing. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influence of printing pressure and printing speed on ink layer thickness transferred onto coated paper through quantitative analysis by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Meanwhile, the influence of printing pressure and printing speed on print density and print gloss were obtained. The results implied that higher printing pressure resulted in higher ink layer thickness, print density and print gloss when printing pressure is less than 700N, but higher printing speed resulted in lower ink layer thickness, print density and print gloss when printing pressure is constant. It could be concluded that the coated paper with high printing speed compared with low printing speed resulted in lower ink absorption, lower print density, lower print gloss and worse printability on the condition of same printing pressure.

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3

Li, Ying, Wen Juan Gu, and Bang Gui He. "Describing the Influence of Ink Type on Ink Penetration and Distribution." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 1451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1451.

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Ink is transferred and sets onto the paper surface in the printing process, which affect printing quality and usage of ink. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of ink type on ink absorption and characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration by LSCM. Three-dimensional images of ink pigment penetration were obtained by reconstructing all XY plane images. It could be concluded Common offset printing ink compared with UV offset printing resulted in deeper ink penetration ,uneven ink distribution and lower print density. Because the composition and drying method of UV offset printing ink and common offset printing ink were significant different, penetration depth and distribution uniformity of these two types of offset printing ink in coated paper were distinct.

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4

Li, Jiehua, Chuanshan Zhao, Wenjia Han, and Yifei Jiang. "Study on color ink-jet printing paper coating with nano-SiO2 as pigment." E3S Web of Conferences 79 (2019): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197901002.

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With many years of research, color ink-jet printing technology has reached the requirements of color ink-jet printing. The significance of this experiment is to find a suitable method to improve the quality of color ink-jet printing paper. In this work, the dispersion effect and types of sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) on nano-SiO2 solution are discussed, and the most suitable PAAS dosage is selected. When the dosage of PAAS is 8%, the dispersibility of nano-SiO2 solution is much better, with an average color density of 1.60, a gloss of 59% and an ink absorption value of 10.2 cm. Adhesives also have a great influence on color ink-jet printing paper. When the amount of PVA is 30% of nano-SiO2, the average color density is 1.62. Glossiness and ink absorption are also the best.

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5

Zhu, Zhi Wei, Guang Xue Chen, Qi Feng Chen, and Ming Guang Yu. "Influence of Ink-Jet Paper Surface Characteristics on Color Reproduction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 151 (January 2012): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.151.373.

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With the rapid development of color science, especially the ink-jet printing, the evaluation of the color copy effectiveness become one of the most important evaluation parameters in the ink-jet printing. Meanwhile, it makes the evaluation of the effectiveness of color reproduction become more and more quantitative. This paper selects four ink-jet printing papers with different types and physical properties, according to measurement and analysis of the whiteness, gloss, roughness, absorption and other performance parameters of the papers, it shows the effect from the various performance parameters of ink-jet printing paper to color reproduction. At the same time, the study of this paper offers a certain practical guidance to the selection of ink-jet printing paper as well as the improvement of replication precision of ink-jet printing.

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6

Li, Zhi Jian, Qing Jun Meng, and Liang Liu. "The Impact of Offset Paper on Ink Transfer Rate and Ink Absorption Rate." Advanced Materials Research 560-561 (August 2012): 506–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.560-561.506.

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The ink transfer rate and ink absorption rate directly affects the quality of printing matter, so it is very important to know the influence factors of the ink transfer rate and ink absorption rate. This paper studied on the impact of offset paper smoothness and offset paper absorbency on the ink transfer rate, the impact of offset paper compactness and offset paper absorbency on the ink absorption rate. The results show that ink transfer rate is affected by offset paper smoothness within a certain range. The ink transfer rate is affected greatly by offset paper absorbency. The ink absorption rate is greatly affected by offset paper compactness and absorbency.

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7

Hu, Kai Tang, Ming Li, and Bing Hu. "The Impact of Paper Formation on Printability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.849.

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paper formation, smoothness, bulk, ink absorption, printability. Abstract. The impact of the paper formation on smoothness, compressibility, uniform of ink absorption is discussed in this paper. The experimental esults indicate that the paper with bad formation leads to higher apparent bulk, and the paper with bad formation shows nonuniform calendering and low compressibility. The bad formation of paper also results in deformation and omission of printing dots, which affects directly the reproduction of the printing images.

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8

Thorman, Sofia, Göran Ström, and Patrick A. C. Gane. "Impact of non-uniform water absorption on water-interference print mottle in offset printing." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 33, no. 1 (May 23, 2018): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-3011.

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Abstract Print mottle is a serious and yet common print defect in offset printing. An imbalance between the feed of fountain solution and the ability of the paper substrate to absorb and transport this water away from the surface can cause moisture/water interference problems. In the study presented here, we have investigated the uniformity of aqueous absorption and coating structure of pilot-coated papers with different types and dosages of dispersants and linked this to print mottle and uncovered areas (UCA). In earlier studies, the print quality of these papers indicated that a moderate addition of excess dispersant caused ink refusal, ink-lift-off (ink-surface adhesion failure) and water-interference mottle when printing at elevated fountain feed. In the present study, we have shown that a majority of the samples with uneven water/moisture absorption and an uneven burn-out reflectance tended to have more severe printing problems related to surface-moisture/water.An aqueous staining technique was used to characterise the absorption non-uniformities. This method has been developed previously with focus on absorption of flexographic water-based inks but can clearly give relevant information also for offset printing, when it comes to moisture/water interference mottle.

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9

Li, Ying, Wen Juan Gu, and Bei Hai He. "Relationship between Binder Content and Ink Absorption of Coated Paper." Advanced Materials Research 650 (January 2013): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.650.206.

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The ink penetration behavior depends on the coating surface structure and surface properties of the coating layer in the papermaking process, which include coating recipes and coating conditions, etc. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between binder content and ink absorption using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution in coated paper by LSCM. The results indicated that higher binder content could result in higher amount ink absorption. With the increasing of binder content, ink penetration depth in coated paper increased. Sample G2 with 20 parts binder produced the most unevenness ink distribution. It could be concluded that the coated paper with 25 parts binder compared with the other samples resulted in higher ink usage and better printing quality.

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10

Zhao, Hongzhi, Kun Zhang, Kuanjun Fang, Furui Shi, Ying Pan, Fuyun Sun, Dezhen Wang, Ruyi Xie, and Weichao Chen. "Insights into coloration enhancement of mercerized cotton fabric on reactive dye digital inkjet printing." RSC Advances 12, no. 17 (2022): 10386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra01053d.

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Mercerization can control the crystallinity of cotton fiber, promote the absorption of ink droplets' wick into the fiber and inhibit ink droplets from penetrating the back of fabric. Therefore, the printing quality was extremely enhanced.

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11

Yang, Ling, Xian Fu Wei, Bei Qing Huang, Wan Zhang, and Yang Yue. "Effect of Solvent on the Property of the Infrared Absorbing Inkjet Ink." Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (December 2012): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.505.

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The infrared absorbing inkjet ink is composed of infrared absorbing materials, resin, assistant agent and solvent that has a great influence on the main performance of the ink. Based on the consideration of environmental factors, five alcoholic solvents were chosen and prepared into ink samples respectively. The effect of different solvents on the properties of the ink was discussed. Then the ink sample was prepared by the most optimal proportion of blends with solvent through the principle of formulating of recipe, the printing sample was attained and tested. The experiments showed that the solvents had a great influence on the properties of the viscosity, infrared absorption strength, surface tension of infrared absorbing ink, which directly affected the ink-jet printing eligibility and security effect. The developed ink has good performance and security effect.

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12

Li, Jian Guo, and Ying Li. "Investigation into the Influence of Drying on Backtrap Mottle of Coated Paper." Advanced Materials Research 904 (March 2014): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.904.373.

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Ink penetration and distribution affect the final appearance of printing and usage of ink, which are closely concerned by printer and paper maker. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between drying and back trap mottle. The different drying temperature was carried out to change the coating structure and properties. Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink distribution by LSCM. The results indicated that drying temperature affected ink distribution evenness. Higher and lower drying temperature could not contribute to ink absorption uniformity. Appropriate drying temperature could contribute to form the best printability of coated paper. Backtrap mottle was tightly linked with ink penetration evenness and uniform ink absorption leaded to little back trap mottle.

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13

Zhang, Zheng Jian, Ji Hui Xin, Li Ying Yang, and Bo Tao Liu. "Influence of the Coating Layer Characteristics on the Dynamic Permeability and Printing of Ink-Jet Paper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.447.

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In order to investigate the influence of coating layer characteristics on the dynamic permeability and printing of ink-jet paper, coating was prepared by the precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and white latex used as bottom coating (recipe label:A,B),and coating formula was made by silica (SiO2) and polyvinyl alcohol used as surface coating (recipe label:a,b,c).Then paper were coated respectively on single bottom, single surface and multilayer. Then the dynamic permeability and printing of ink-jet paper were analyzed systematically. The results showed that whether single layer or multilayer, the values of Ct, Ci were minimum when the ration of pigment and adhesive was 70:30, because the hole diameter of the coating layer was smallest, and the absorption was strongest, so the dynamic permeability was best, and the ability of ink absorption was best, color density and tone reproducibility were best. It concluded that when the proportion of SiO2 and PVA was 70:30, the dynamic permeability and printing ability of ink-jet paper were relative better.

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14

Abd El-Rahman Elsayed Saad, Ashraf, Cem Aydemir, Samed Ayhan Özsoy, and Semiha Yenidoğan. "Drying methods of the printing inks." Journal of graphic engineering and design 12, no. 2 (June 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/jged-2021-2-029.

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Accelerating the transition to post-print processes needed in the printing industry and shortening the time the product's release time is closely related to the drying time of the ink film. The drying of fluid ink on the surface of the print substrate, transforming from liquid to solid occurs physically and chemically in several ways. Drying systems can be functional alone on the surface of the printing substrate for an ink film or depending on the chemical content of the ink and the properties of the printing substrate, drying can be achieved at the same time with more than one system.Recently, in order to reduce climate, environmental and health impacts and with the development of technology, significant changes are also being experienced in the printing industry and preferences are changing. In this study, more environmentally friendly LED UV and microwave drying systems that save time and energy together with existing basic drying systems such as absorption, evaporation, oxidation-polymerization and conventional UV used in the printing industry are examined. The advantages of different drying systems to the printing industry, preferred drying systems and new studies on this issue have been evaluated.

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15

KOIVULA, HANNA, MIKKO JUUTI, DOUGLAS BOUSFIELD, JANET PRESTON, RAIMO SILVENNOINEN, KAI-ERIK PEIPONEN, and MARTTI TOIVAKKA. "Comparison of Dynamic Print Gloss Measurement Techniques." February 2009 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj8.2.19.

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Well-defined optical properties are essential in determining the quality of printed papers. The mea-surement of optical properties, such as print gloss, as a function of time provides a means of studying ink-setting behavior and paper-ink interactions. This study compares three different methods for measuring dynamic print gloss: a dynamic gloss meter, a diffractive-optical-element-based gloss meter (DOG), and a polarized-light reflec-tometer. Four double-coated papers were printed at varying ink levels. This paper compares and discusses the tech-nical details of the measurement techniques. Dynamic print gloss results are evaluated in the light of current ink-set-ting theories. Each of the methods is highly applicable to ink-setting studies. With low inking level, the paper properties, surface roughness, and absorption are important for gloss development. Printing conditions such as speed, nip geometry, and materials have significant influence. As the amount of ink used in printing is increased, the printing conditions start to influence the gloss dynamics considerably, especially on glossy papers.

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16

Li, Xin, Jiang Hao Liu, Xian Fu Wei, Bei Qing Huang, Fu Zhong Zhang, and Li Yang. "Research on the Permeability of Ink in Offset Paper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (November 2013): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.313.

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First, the study chooses ten kinds of offset paper. By using a dynamic penetration analyzer (HVL-PDA) and water as test fluid, the dynamic absorption characteristics of the ten kinds of offset paper are measured. At the same time, proofs of offset printing patterns of these ten kinds of offset paper are made by using a printability tester. Then the depths of ink penetration in ten kinds of offset paper are measured by the Three-dimensional video microscopy system and the study analyzes the effect of paper dynamic absorption property on penetration depth of ink. The results of the analyses show that the penetration depth of ink is closely related to dynamic liquid absorption, thus the permeability of ink in offset paper can be predicted from the dynamic liquid absorption of offset paper.

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17

MALMIRCHEGINI, KHODADAD, and FARSHAD SARKHOSH RAHMANI. "Effect of ink and paperboard characteristics on flexographic print quality based on print density." September 2011 10, no. 9 (October 1, 2011): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.9.7.

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Flexography is an evolving printing technology that is suitable for printing on coated and uncoated paperboard and board, nonporous substrates including metalized and paperboard foils, and plastic films used especially in the packaging industry. This study evaluated the effect of paperboard and ink characteristics on flexographic print density in paperboard. Three commercial paperboards from different companies were prepared: brown kraft from Thailand, white kraft from Spain, and test liner from Iran. Four samples of process print inks from Iran were used in this investigation. Paperboard properties, such as roughness and water absorption, and ink characteristics, including solids content, PH and particle diameter, were measured. The inks were printed on paperboards using a roll no.15 applicator with a blade metering device, and the print densities were measured. Results showed that solids content, pH, and particle diameter of printing inks influenced print density, while the roughness and water absorption of the three types of paperboard had no significant influence on print density. Results also illustrated that two levels of ink viscosity (25–30 and 50–55 mPa·s) were insignificant to print density.

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18

Zhi, Yun. "Research on Formula of Dye-Based UV-Curable Ink for Inkjet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (December 2012): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.537.

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With the development of ink-jet technology and digital proofing, the application of UV-curable ink for inkjet printing has increasingly been concerned. The characteristics of UV-curable ink, such as fast-curing, non-blocking of nozzles, no evaporation of solvent make it possess obvious development predominance in the field of inkjet printing. The purpose of this study is to obtain a formula of dye-based UV-curable ink used indoors through tests, thus it will promote the application of UV-curable ink in the digital inkjet field. Based on the characteristics of indoor inkjet printing, we confirmed the category of raw materials in formula of dye-based UV-curable ink, such as base materials of vehicles, dye and photoinitiator. In the vehicle formula experiments, by using three types of optically active monomer with even experimental design, viscosity and surface tension as the indicators, we obtained the three types of vehicle optimum ratio suitable for the requirements of inkjet printing. In the formula experiments, ultraviolet light transmittance of dyes was tested firstly. With the ultraviolet absorption characteristics of photoinitiator, we confirmed the matching design of dye and photoinitiator. Based on the indicators of curing rate and color density, we obtained the optimum formula of the CMYK four-color UV rays curing ink by orthogonal experimental methods.

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19

KUGA, Shigenori, Katsuhito MIZUSHIMA, and Fumihiko ONABE. "Quality of color ink-jet printing and liquid absorption behavior of ink-jet-grade papers." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 69, no. 12 (1996): 819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.69.819.

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20

Maknakorn, W., P. Jutaporn, and W. Khongnakorn. "Coagulation and adsorption as pretreatments of thin-film composite–forward osmosis (TFC-FO) for ink printing wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.100.

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Abstract This study investigated the performance of coagulation with ferric chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) and adsorption with activated carbon used as pretreatments prior to thin-film composite–forward osmosis (TFC-FO) filtration of ink printing wastewater. Wastewater samples were collected from a printing factory located in Chao Phraya river basin where zero liquid-discharge standards are regulated. The FO filtration unit was operated in co-current mode with the cross-flow velocity of 600 mL/min using 2 M NaCl as draw solution. The FO membrane achieved 83.9–91.0% chemical oxygen demand and 91.2–99.9% color rejections. FO filtration of raw wastewater, coagulation-treated wastewater, and coagulation and adsorption-treated wastewater resulted in 56.3%, 49.0% and 46.1% of flux decline in 150 min. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry results revealed that cake formation caused by colloidal particles and pore blocking from precipitation were the major fouling mechanisms. Cake-enhanced concentration polarization also promoted adsorption of color and pigments at the membrane surface. Both fouling mechanisms were successfully mitigated by adsorption following coagulation pretreatment. Overall, the combined pretreatments and FO have potential for the effective treatment and reuse of ink printing wastewater.

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21

Seo, Jeong Wook, Gyu Min Kim, Yejin Choi, Jae Min Cha, and Hojae Bae. "Improving Printability of Digital-Light-Processing 3D Bioprinting via Photoabsorber Pigment Adjustment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 5428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105428.

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Digital-light-processing (DLP) three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, which has a rapid printing speed and high precision, requires optimized biomaterial ink to ensure photocrosslinking for successful printing. However, optimization studies on DLP bioprinting have yet to sufficiently explore the measurement of light exposure energy and biomaterial ink absorbance controls to improve the printability. In this study, we synchronized the light wavelength of the projection base printer with the absorption wavelength of the biomaterial ink. In this paper, we provide a stepwise explanation of the challenges associated with unsynchronized absorption wavelengths and provide appropriate examples. In addition to biomaterial ink wavelength synchronization, we introduce photorheological measurements, which can provide optimized light exposure conditions. The photorheological measurements provide precise numerical data on light exposure time and, therefore, are an effective alternative to the expendable and inaccurate conventional measurement methods for light exposure energy. Using both photorheological measurements and bioink wavelength synchronization, we identified essential printability optimization conditions for DLP bioprinting that can be applied to various fields of biological sciences.

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22

Yang, Jian She, and Liang He. "Integrated Processing Effects on Ink Wastewater of 500t/Day." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 340–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.340.

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By adopting chemical coagulation + efficient sedimentation tank + hydrolysis acidification composite reactor + biological contact oxidation tank + Biological Aerated Filter + adsorption filter integrated processing design, the wastewater from ink production and printing ink application has been treated here. The testing results shown that the effects of the integration treatment process on Ink Wastewater of 500 tons per day are reasonable. The cost of the process is not more than 1.8 Yuan/t, and it can be a better integrated process.

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23

Li, Ying, and Bei Hai He. "Investigation into the Coating Surface Topography and Properties of Paper Related to Drying Condition." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1614.

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The physical structure and chemical properties of coating layer have an important influence on transferring and setting of the printing ink. The typical objective of coating is to improve the appearance and printing properties of paper. In this study, the effect of drying condition on coating layer structure, surface properties, and print quality was investigated. The relationship between surface topography and drying condition was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The conclusions were drawn that high and low drying temperature were not good to the paper properties, which resulted in high roughness, low paper gloss, high ink absorption, low print gloss and paper surface efficiency. The findings indicated that the coating drying temperature affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. Moderate temperature was benefit to pigment particles and binder arranging orderly, which made the coating surface had high smoothness, gloss, paper surface efficiency, and modest ink absorption.

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24

Lundberg, Anna, Jonas Ö. Örtegren, Elisabeth Alfthan, and Göran Ström. "Paper-ink interactions: Microscale droplet absorption into paper for inkjet printing." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2011-26-01-p142-150.

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25

Li, Jian Guo, and Ying Li. "Study on the Effect of Calender on Coating surface structure and Printability of Coated Paper." Advanced Materials Research 904 (March 2014): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.904.46.

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Анотація:

The structure of the coating layer has a strong influence on the optical and physical properties of paper as well as on the print quality. Ink is transferred and sets onto the paper surface in the printing process, which affect printing quality and usage of ink. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of calender on coating surface structure and Printability. The surface structure was explored in the method of numerical and visual analysis using mercury porosimetry measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings indicated that the calender treatment affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. It could be concluded that Calender could increase the smoothness, gloss and paper surface efficiency of coated paper, which resulted in lower amount of ink usage, lower amount of ink absorption and higher print density.

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HAMADA, HITOMI, and DOUGLAS W. BOUSFIELD. "Nanofibrillated cellulose as a coating agent to improve print quality of synthetic fiber sheets." November 2010 9, no. 11 (December 1, 2010): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj9.11.25.

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To determine the potential of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) for use as a coating material, we studied the characteristics of several NFC-coated samples on a synthetic fiber sheet. We used two water-based printing methods to characterize the change in print quality and prepared two types of NFC by two different physical treatment methods. Various coat weights were applied onto synthetic fiber sheets, and the printability of the coated sheets was evaluated by ink absorption rates and print density. Ink pigment penetration was characterized with a confocal laser scanning microscope and a scanning electron microscope, with chemical analysis of samples using focused ion beam. The contact angle and the ink penetration rates decreased with increased coat weight of NFC. This result is the opposite of what the Lucas-Washburn equation would predict. For pigment-based flexographic inks, ink pigments were captured at the NFC layer. For dye-based inks, the ink components penetrated and moved through the NFC-coated layer. For ink-jet printing, the print quality improved with the NFC coating.

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Plazonić, Ivana, Maja Rudolf, Valentina Radić Seleš, Irena Bates, and Katja Petric Maretić. "Potentials of lignocellulosic agricultural residues in paper production." Holistic approach to environment 11, no. 3 (June 17, 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33765/thate.11.3.1.

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Анотація:

Surface characteristics of printing substrates are of the utmost importance to all types of paper that interact with ink. During all types of printing processes, the behaviour of the liquid phase (ink or dye) on the paper is directly defined by the paper cellulose-based surface. The printed ink spreads and penetrates more into paper fibres when the paper surface is rougher and more permeable. Contact angle measurements by sessile drop method are considered the most appropriate for determining the paper sheet surface energy. Paper as hydrophilic material has a high absorption rate resulting in a low contact angle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the surface free energy of laboratory-made papers containing straw pulp obtained from residues after the harvest of the most cultivated cereals in Croatia (wheat, barley and triticale). The obtained surface free energy results are promising for straw pulp usage in the manufacture of printing paper.

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28

Haslija Abu Bakar, Ayu, and Veni Elvira. "COD Treatment of Printing Ink Wastewater by Column Adsorption using Activated Carbon." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 778 (May 1, 2020): 012125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/778/1/012125.

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29

Pudas, M., J. Hagberg, and S. Leppavuori. "The absorption ink transfer mechanism of gravure offset printing for electronic circuitry." IEEE Transactions on Electronics Packaging Manufacturing 25, no. 4 (October 2002): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tepm.2002.807728.

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30

Li, Zhi Jian, Qing Jun Meng, and Bao Hong Yang. "Study on Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Art Paper Printability." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 3282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.3282.

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Анотація:

Paper printability directly affects the printing process and the final quality of printing matter. Therefore, it is significant to establish accurate, scientific, reasonable comprehensive evaluation model of the paper printability. Five art paper samples were researched in this paper. Different paper properties including whiteness, opacity, smoothness, ink absorption, tensile strength and burst strength were tested. The comprehensive evaluation model of art paper printability was obtained by using SPSS software. Then printing dot gain rate, printing density, printing glossiness and overprint rate were measured for verifying predicted results. Results show that the evaluation model can provide a practical and quantitative method for rapid evaluation of comprehensive printability of art paper.

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Mass, Mijal, Lionel S. Veiga, Octavio Garate, Gloria Longinotti, Ana Moya, Eloi Ramón, Rosa Villa, Gabriel Ybarra, and Gemma Gabriel. "Fully Inkjet-Printed Biosensors Fabricated with a Highly Stable Ink Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Enzyme-Functionalized Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071645.

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Enzyme inks can be inkjet printed to fabricate enzymatic biosensors. However, inks containing enzymes present a low shelf life because enzymes in suspension rapidly lose their catalytic activity. Other major problems of printing these inks are the non-specific adsorption of enzymes onto the chamber walls and stability loss during printing as a result of thermal and/or mechanical stress. It is well known that the catalytic activity can be preserved for significantly longer periods of time and to harsher operational conditions when enzymes are immobilized onto adequate surfaces. Therefore, in this work, horseradish peroxidase was covalently immobilized onto silica nanoparticles. Then, the nanoparticles were mixed into an aqueous ink containing single walled carbon nanotubes. Electrodes printed with this specially formulated ink were characterized, and enzyme electrodes were printed. To test the performance of the enzyme electrodes, a complete amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor was fabricated by inkjet printing. The electrochemical response of the printed electrodes was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in solutions containing redox species, such as hexacyanoferrate (III/II) ions or hydroquinone. The response of the enzyme electrodes was studied for the amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide. Three months after the ink preparation, the printed enzyme electrodes were found to still exhibit similar sensitivity, demonstrating that catalytic activity is preserved in the proposed ink. Thus, enzyme electrodes can be successfully printed employing highly stable formulation using nanoparticles as carriers.

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Comroe, Marisa L., Kurt W. Kolasinski, and Dipendu Saha. "Direct Ink 3D Printing of Porous Carbon Monoliths for Gas Separations." Molecules 27, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 5653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175653.

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Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is the advanced method of manufacturing monolithic adsorbent materials. Unlike beads or pellets, 3D monolithic adsorbents possess the advantages of widespread structural varieties, low heat and mass transfer resistance, and low channeling of fluids. Despite a large volume of research on 3D printing of adsorbents having been reported, such studies on porous carbons are highly limited. In this work, we have reported direct ink 3D printing of porous carbon; the ink consisted of commercial activated carbon, a gel of poly(4-vinylphenol) and Pluronic F127 as plasticizer, and bentonite as the binder. The 3D printing was performed in a commercial 3D printer that has been extensively modified in the lab. Upon 3D printing and carbonization, the resultant 3D printed porous carbon demonstrated a stable structure with a BET area of 400 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.27 cm3/g. The isotherms of six pure-component gases, CO2, CH4, C2H6, N2, CO, and H2, were measured on this carbon monolith at 298 K and pressure up to 1 bar. The selectivity of four gas pairs, C2H6/CH4, CH4/N2, CO/H2, and CO2/N2, was calculated by Ideally Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST) and reported. Ten continuous cycles of adsorption and desorption of CO2 on this carbon confirmed no loss of working capacity of the adsorbent.

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33

Kim, Youngyoon, and Wook-Bae Kim. "Enhancing the Surface Hydrophilicity of an Aluminum Alloy Using Two-Step Anodizing and the Effect on Inkjet Printing Characteristics." Coatings 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020232.

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Aluminum alloy anodizing is widely used in the surface treatment industry to provide surface protection and decoration. The resulting anodic aluminum oxide film enables durable printing and dyeing of metals owing to its nanoporous structure, which easily absorbs ink. Conventional one-step anodizing of Al 1050 using sulfuric acid was observed to form a surface with small pore diameters less than 10 nm and lead to an average contact angle of 30°, whereas two-step anodizing yielded a regular pore pattern with significantly larger pores, reducing the contact angle to less than 20°. This change in pore structure and the corresponding enhanced hydrophilicity directly impacted inkjet printing characteristics; inkjet printing of 13 pL droplets on the one-step and two-step anodized surfaces showed that the average dot diameter varied from 72.2 μm to 48.0 μm according to applied voltage and anodizing time. The ink dot diameters on the two-step film were smaller than those on the one-step film produced under the same conditions, and the dot diameters decreased as the average pore diameter increased under an increasing anodizing voltage up to 20 V, indicating improved hydrophilicity. The pore volumes produced by two-step anodizing were larger, facilitating ink droplet absorption during spreading, which was examined by elemental analysis of cross-sections of the ink-filled porous specimen.

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34

Liang, Fei, and Jun Feng Zhou. "Synthesis and Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane Emulsions Using in Printing Ink." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.115.

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Taking polyether dihydroxy alcohol, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and dimethylolpr- opionic acid (DMPA) as raw materials, aromatic polyether waterborne polyurethane emulsion was synthesized. And then the effects of isocyanate/macroglycol molar ratio(R value), amount of DMPA, neutral degree and temperature on the properties of emulsion such as appearance, viscosity, water absorption and stability were studied. The experimental results showed that when R value is 2~2.5, amount of DMPA used is 5.0%, reaction temperature is 80°C and neutral temperature is 40°C, the waterborne polyurethane emulsion synthesized meet the requirement of printing ink.

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35

Rodes-Carbonell, Ana María, Josué Ferri, Eduardo Garcia-Breijo, Ignacio Montava, and Eva Bou-Belda. "Influence of Structure and Composition of Woven Fabrics on the Conductivity of Flexography Printed Electronics." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 3165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183165.

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The work is framed within Printed Electronics, an emerging technology for the manufacture of electronic products. Among the different printing methods, the roll-to-roll flexography technique is used because it allows continuous manufacturing and high productivity at low cost. Nevertheless, the incorporation of the flexography printing technique in the textile field is still very recent due to technical barriers such as the porosity of the surface, the durability and the ability to withstand washing. By using the flexography printing technique and conductive inks, different printings were performed onto woven fabrics. Specifically, the study is focused on investigating the influence of the structure of the woven fabric with different weave construction, interlacing coefficient, yarn number and fabric density on the conductivity of the printing. In the same way, the influence of the weft composition was studied by a comparison of different materials (cotton, polyester, and wool). Optical, SEM, color fastness to wash, color measurement using reflection spectrophotometer and multi-meter analyses concluded that woven fabrics have a lower conductivity due to the ink expansion through the inner part of the textile. Regarding weft composition, cotton performs worse due to the moisture absorption capacity of cellulosic fiber. A solution for improving conductivity on printed electronic textiles would be pre-treatment of the surface substrates by applying different chemical compounds that increase the adhesion of the ink, avoiding its absorption.

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36

Saini, Komal, Varinder Singh, Manpreet Kaur, and Seema Sharda. "A study of the effect of substrate on dot-matrix printing." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 44 (December 29, 2017): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.44.2.

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A study related to Dot-matrix printers has been carried out in order to analyze the effect of change of substrate on its printing characteristics. Twenty Dot-matrix printers and five types of substrates or white pages have been selected for the study. The printouts have been taken on all the five types of white papers from each of the twenty Dot-matrix printers. These printouts have been examined using stereomicroscope 4x40magnification and VSC 2000 C to examine the features such as change in colour of ink, lustre of printing text, impact of printing, spreading of ink, background noise, UV fluorescence and absorption spectra. It has been concluded that the physical characteristics of dot-matrix printing gets changed by changing the type of substrate even in case of the same printer. Thus, the results of this study would definitely help the forensic document examiners to give an accurate opinion on the cases related to Dot-matrix printouts, specifically in the examination of multiple documents consisting of different types of papers.

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Dong, Cong. "The Silver Ion and Nanocrystalline Pattern in the Glass Substrate, the Electric Field-Induced Thermal Transfer and Ink Absorption Layer Structure and Printing Performance." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 11, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4272294.

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People’s research on nanocrystals is getting more in-depth with the development of science and technology, and the patterned arrangement of nanocrystals can greatly improve the performance of our equipment in related fields, allowing people to control the patterning of nanocrystals. Research on thermal transfer is also increasing. Glass materials doped with patterned metal nanocrystals have great application potential, and the search for a simple and efficient patterned preparation method has attracted great attention of many researchers. Using the directional induced migration effect of the high temperature and high voltage DC electric field, combined with the subsequent heat treatment process, the distribution of silver nanocrystals corresponding to the surface silver film pattern can be formed in the silicate glass substrate, to realize the electric field-induced thermal transfer of the nanocrystal pattern print. This article aims to study the patterned thermal transfer of silver ions and nanocrystals on the glass substrate by applying an electric field to induce and analyze the ink absorption layer structure and printing performance. On this basis, an electron beam-induced thermal transfer method and Maxwell’s equation are proposed to investigate and calculate the structure of the ink absorption layer. The experimental structure shows that using this method increases the success rate of the preparation of silver ions and nanocrystal patterns on the glass substrate by 30%, which improves the ink absorption layer and printing performance to different degrees.

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38

Vadillo, Julen, Izaskun Larraza, Tamara Calvo-Correas, Loli Martin, Christophe Derail, and Arantxa Eceiza. "Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Waterborne Polyurethane-Urea and Cellulose Nanocrystal Scaffolds through Crosslinking." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 4999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224999.

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In this work, shape-customized scaffolds based on waterborne polyurethane-urea (WBPUU) were prepared via the combination of direct ink writing 3D-printing and freeze-drying techniques. To improve the printing performance of the ink and guarantee a good shape fidelity of the scaffold, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were added during the synthesis of the WBPUU and some of the printed constructs were immersed in CaCl2 prior to the freeze-drying process to promote ionic crosslinking between calcium ions and the polyurethane. The results showed that apart from allowing the ink to be successfully printed, obtaining scaffolds with good shape fidelity, the addition of the CNC resulted in a greater homogeneity of the porous structure as well as an increase of the swelling capacity of the scaffolds. Additionally, the CNC has a reinforcement effect in the printed systems, presenting a higher compression modulus as the CNC content increases. In the case of samples crosslinked by calcium ions, a rigid shell was observed by scanning electron microscopy, which resulted in stiffer scaffolds that presented a lower water absorption capacity as well as an enhancement of the thermal stability. These results showed the potential of this type of post-printing process to tune the mechanical properties of the scaffold, thus widening the potential of this type of material.

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39

Leks-Stępień, Janina. "Effects of the Coating Mixture on the Penetration of Liquids into Paper." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 5(137) (October 31, 2019): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2909.

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The pigment coating of paper is usually performed to enhance the physical properties of paper and its printability. The coating generally makes paper whiter, brighter and more opaque. The properties of the coated paper depend, among others, on the porous structure of the coating developed, which is determined by the pigments, binders and their reactions. The influence of the type and quantity of coating components and ink absorption into the coating layer was studied in this work. Printing ink penetration was measured using a Penetration Dynamic Analyser with an HVL module (High Viscous Liquid). The evenness of liquid penetration into paper was measured using a Penetration Dynamic Analyser with a PEA module (Print Evenness Analyser). Results obtained indicate that all three variables – coating pigment type, latex dose and ink type – may have an equally strong influence on liquid and ink penetration,and thus on print quality.

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40

Chen, YiFan, Bo Jiang, Li Liu, Yunzhe Du, Tong Zhang, LiWei Zhao, and YuDong Huang. "High ink absorption performance of inkjet printing based on SiO2@Al13 core-shell composites." Applied Surface Science 436 (April 2018): 995–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.12.071.

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41

Aydemir, Cem, Semiha Yenidoğan, Arif Karademir, and Emine Arman Kandirmaz. "The examination of vegetable- and mineral oil-based inks’ effects on print quality: Green printing effects with different oils." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 16, no. 3 (April 4, 2018): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800018764761.

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Introduction: Printing inks oil selection is related to the desired nature of the varnish in the ink production. Petroleum-derived mineral oils and vegetable oils can be used in offset inks. Methods: In this study, the behaviors of vegetable- and mineral oil-based inks on uncoated and coated paper surfaces were investigated in terms of printability. Solid tone test prints were done with offset printing of these inks. Print gloss of the printed samples was measured and a light fastness test was implemented on these samples in order to determine the resistance to fading. Absorption behavior and contact angles of the ink-printed films on the test papers were measured with the sessile water drop method depending on time, and surface energies were calculated. Results: On both paper types, linseed–soybean oil-based vegetable ink gave the highest brightness value. The lowest print gloss results on the paper were obtained from soybean oil-based inks. The lowest color change was recorded with mineral oil-based inks on gloss-coated papers. According to the ink-film–surface relation, when the contact angle is high, surface energy decreases and the absorbency of the ink-film is lower. Conclusions: In this study, the behaviors of vegetable- and mineral oil-based inks on different paper surfaces, and the effect on the quality of printability as well as differences, have been evaluated, taking environmental and health factors into consideration.

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42

Li, Ying, and Bei Hai He. "Study on Coating Surface Topography and Properties of Coated Paper Related to Pigment." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.504.

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The physical structure and chemical properties of coating layer have an important influence on transferring and setting of the printing ink. In this study, the effect of pigment on coating layer structure and surface properties was investigated. The surface topography was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings indicated that the pigment affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. The conclusions were drawn that coating could improve coating surface topography and calcium carbonate pigment compared with kaolin pigment was not good to the paper surface properties, which resulted in high roughness, low paper gloss, high ink absorption and low paper surface efficiency.

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43

Auxilio, Anthony R., Philip C. Andrews, Peter C. Junk, and Leone Spiccia. "Adsorption of Ink-Jet Inks and Anionic Dyes onto Mg-Al-NO3 Layered Double Hydroxides of Variable Mg:Al Molar Ratio." Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 1 (2010): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09362.

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Layered double hydroxides are materials that show promise as adsorbing media for ink-jet printing. In this work, layered double hydroxides with nitrate as interlayer anions and with variable Mg:Al molar ratios ranging from 2.2 to 8.1 have been synthesized at constant pH by the coprecipitation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and helium pycnometry techniques. The ability of these materials to adsorb ink-jet inks (BCI-Cyan, BCI-Yellow, and BCI-Magenta) and anionic dyes (CI Acid Blue 9 (AB9), CI Acid Yellow 23 (AY23), and CI Acid Red 37 (AR37)) were investigated. BCI-Yellow was found to have high affinity for material with an Mg:Al molar ratio between 2.2 and 4.0, whereas BCI-Cyan and BCI-Magenta showed a high affinity when the Mg:Al molar ratio was between 4.8 and 5.5. The adsorption isotherms for AB9, AY23, and AR37 on the material with Mg:Al molar ratios 2.2–5.5 exhibited H-type curves, indicating a very strong interaction between the adsorbate and adsorbent. Although there was no clear systematic correlation between the MgsAl molar ratio and the Cm (dye capacity) and Ka (dye affinity), the optimum Mg:Al molar ratio was 4.0, and this material has the potential to be used in Ink-Receptive Layer formulation.

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44

Anh, Nguyen Phuong, Pham Xuan Ky, Dao Viet Ha, Le Ho Khanh Hy, Doan Thi Thiet, and Phan Bao Vy. "Antioxidant activity of extract from some squid species in Khanh Hoa." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 20, no. 4A (April 11, 2021): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/15660.

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The antioxidant activities against DPPH free radical of crude extracts using ethyl acetate and methanol from ink sac, muscles, and bones of 5 squid species (Uroteuthis chinensis, Uroteuthis sibogae, Uroteuthis duvaucelii, Sepia esculenta, Sepioteuthis lessoniana) collected in Khanh Hoa waters were investigated. These activities ranged from 4.21% (ethyl acetate extract from ink of U. chinensis) to 54.51% (methanol extract from muscle of S. esculenta.). The functional group analysis by infrared adsorption spectrum (FTIR) in these crude extracts revealed the absorption peaks of melanin in ink, polysaccharide in bone and protein in muscle extracts. In addition, the SDS-PAGE result of some methanol extracts showed the presence of proteins with a molecular weight of 30-150 kDa.

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45

Yang, Yan Zhao, Chuan Shan Zhao, Jing Jing Wang, and Jian Tong Cui. "The Effects of the Hollow Plastic Pigment on the Print Properties of High Light Ink_jet Paper." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1160.

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Traditional cast coated glossy photo paper production process due to its characteristics that the water evaporates from non-coated cast side, so the coating speed is slow, ground paper is non-waterproof paper, therefore the paper products are easy to transmutative, as the cast shows that the formation of dense coatings membrane, the lower ink absorption. To solve such the problems, a novel porous ink receiving layer constituted by a litter amount of a hydrophilic binder(PVA) and a cross-linking agent, a large amount of inorganic pigment(SiO2) and a hollow structural plastic pigment. In this paper, the effects of the hollow structural plastic pigment rheological properties of the color and the printing and preservation properties of ink jet paper were investigated. Because of the thermoplasticity of the plastic pigment the calendering and dry technology were also studied. From the viewpoint of water-fastness and preventing the penetration of binder, the resin coated paper(being so-called RC paper) is selected as the substrate.

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46

Jiao, Liyong, Mengnan Zhang, and Houbin Li. "Preparation of 1, 3, 6, 8-Pyrenesulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Salt Dye-Doped Silica Nanoparticles and Their Application in Water-Based Anti-Counterfeit Ink." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 4074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184074.

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In order to improve the luminescent stability of water-based anti-counterfeit ink, a new fluorescent material is prepared by doping dye into silica nanoparticles. Water soluble anionic dye 1, 3, 6, 8-pyrenesulfonic acid sodium salt (PTSA) is selected as the dopant. In this work, PTSA is successfully trapped into silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) by the reverse microemulsion method using cationic polyelectrolyte poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride; PDADMAC) as a bridge. The UV absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectra and fluorescent decay curves are used to describe the luminescent properties of the PTSA-doped silica nanoparticles (PTSA-SiNPs). In addition, the as-prepared PTSA-SiNPs and polyurethane waterborne emulsion are used to prepare water-based anti-counterfeit ink, and fluorescent patterns are successfully printed through screen-printing. The samples printed by the ink exhibit desirable fluorescence properties, heat stability, robust photostability, and a fluorescent anti-counterfeit effect, which makes the PTSA-SiNPs promising luminescent materials for anti-counterfeit applications.

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47

Cao, Hongmei, Li Ai, Zhenming Yang, and Yawei Zhu. "Application of Xanthan Gum as a Pre-Treatment and Sharpness Evaluation for Inkjet Printing on Polyester." Polymers 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2019): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091504.

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Анотація:

Inkjet printing on polyester fabric displays versatile environmental advantages. One of the significant benefits of inkjet printing is a dramatic enhancement of the printing quality. In this study, xanthan gum—a bio-based thickening agent accompanied by several salts—was adopted for the pretreatment of polyester fabric aiming at improving the sharpness and color depth of inkjet printed patterns. The influences of four metal salts (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2) on inkjet printing performance were studied. More importantly, a quantitative method for evaluating the sharpness of an inkjet printed pattern was established according to the characteristics of anisotropy and isotropy of diffusion and adsorption of ink droplets on a fiber surface. Results showed that xanthan gum along with a low dosage of bivalent salts can significantly improve the color depth (K/S value) and sharpness of the printed polyester fabrics. It is feasible to evaluate the sharpness of inkjet printed polyester fabrics using a five-stage system, selecting the inkjet ellipse coefficient (T) and inkjet ellipse area (S), which can provide a quantitative and rapid evaluation method for defining inkjet printing.

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Hu, Xueyan, Yuan Man, Wenfang Li, Liying Li, Jie Xu, Roxanne Parungao, Yiwei Wang, et al. "3D Bio-Printing of CS/Gel/HA/Gr Hybrid Osteochondral Scaffolds." Polymers 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2019): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101601.

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Cartilage is an important tissue contributing to the structure and function of support and protection in the human body. There are many challenges for tissue cartilage repair. However, 3D bio-printing of osteochondral scaffolds provides a promising solution. This study involved preparing bio-inks with different proportions of chitosan (Cs), Gelatin (Gel), and Hyaluronic acid (HA). The rheological properties of each bio-ink was used to identify the optimal bio-ink for printing. To improve the mechanical properties of the bio-scaffold, Graphene (GR) with a mass ratio of 0.024, 0.06, and 0.1% was doped in the bio-ink. Bio-scaffolds were prepared using 3D printing technology. The mechanical strength, water absorption rate, porosity, and degradation rate of the bio-scaffolds were compared to select the most suitable scaffold to support the proliferation and differentiation of cells. P3 Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were inoculated onto the bio-scaffolds to study the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. The results of SEM showed that the Cs/Gel/HA scaffolds with a GR content of 0, 0.024, 0.06, and 0.1% had a good three-dimensional porous structure and interpenetrating pores, and a porosity of more than 80%. GR was evenly distributed on the scaffold as observed by energy spectrum analyzer and polarizing microscope. With increasing GR content, the mechanical strength of the scaffold was enhanced, and pore walls became thicker and smoother. BMSCs were inoculated on the different scaffolds. The cells distributed and extended well on Cs/Gel/HA/GR scaffolds. Compared to traditional methods in tissue-engineering, this technique displays important advantages in simulating natural cartilage with the ability to finely control the mechanical and chemical properties of the scaffold to support cell distribution and proliferation for tissue repair.

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Gregor-Svetec, Diana, Mirela Rozic, Tadeja Muck, and Branka Lozo. "PRINTING.Natural zeolite as filler in base ink jet paper sheet." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 27, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-04-p721-728.

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Abstract The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of natural zeolite clinoptilolite used as a filler on the printabi1ity of paper and its print quality. Paper handsheets were prepared with the addition of 20% of fillers, where natural zeolite was added to calcium carbonate in different u.w.% (i.e. 20, 40, 60). Zeolite originates from the sedimentary deposit in Donje Jesenje, Croatia. Zeolite tuff is mainly composed of clinoptilolite. lts particle size distribution is broad and the structure is micro- and mezzo-porous. The addition of natural zeolite as a filler resulted in higher bulk of paper sheets and a more porous structure. Moreover, the absorption capacity and the absorption rate slightly increased. The surface roughness increased, leading to a more hydrophobic surface. Natural zeolite with its broad particle size distribution, higher amount of large particles and yellowgreen colour resulted in slightly lower opacity and ISO brightness of sheets. When used for ink jet printing, the increased amount of zeolite showed a positive influence on the print quality. Smaller wicking and bleeding effects were noticed. Paper hue did not influence the colour density of CMYK prints.

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Ovaska, Sami-Seppo, and Kaj Backfolk. "The versatility of the Bristow absorption tester – a review." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 33, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-3040.

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Abstract This paper reviews the use of the Bristow Absorption Tester (known also as the Bristow wheel) in the characterization of fiber-based substrates. The Bristow wheel is a laboratory-scale instrument that has been designed for studying substrate wettability and dynamic liquid absorption properties in short time intervals, which are important in many converting and printing processes of paper and paperboard. The tester also gives information about substrate roughness. The Bristow wheel has shown great usefulness in predicting print quality especially in inkjet applications, in which a good correlation between print quality (letter area) and ink penetration rate has been found by several researchers. The apparatus is particularly useful in dynamic wetting studies, but it has also been successfully used in numerous other research purposes such as the determination of the degree of sizing, evaluation of material glueability, and various coatability studies. Modifications of both the testing principle and the tester structure have also been reported. These include e. g. equipping the apparatus with a corona unit that makes it possible to mimic a printing process on a relevant time-scale. This review summarizes the reported applications of Bristow wheel with a special focus on tester performance and versatility.

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