Дисертації: "Principle of comparison"

1

Santos, Telma João. "Some versions of the Strong Maximum Principal for elliptic integral functionals." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/9506.

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The Strong Maximum Principle (SMP) is a well-known property, which can be recognized as a kind of uniqueness result for solutions of Partial Differential Equations. Through the necessary conditions of optimality it is applicable to minimizers in some classes of variational problems as well. The work is devoted to various versions of SMP in such variational setting, which hold also if the respective Euler-Lagrange equations are no longer valid. We prove variational SMP for some types of integral functionals in the traditional sense as well as obtain an extension of this principle, which can be seen as an extremal property of a series of specific functions.

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2

Cavey, Marjorie R. "A COMPARISON OF NATIVE AND COLONIAL AMERICAN CONCEPTIONS OF SELF: IMPLICATIONS FOR COMPETING WORLD-VIEWS." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/601.

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Native and Colonial Americans had vastly different approaches to the world, and viewed nature and other people in quite dissimilar ways. The concept of self is central to this project because personal values and attitudes toward others are grounded in agency - actions that emerge from the self and define the way that one treats his or her surroundings and everyone or thing in it. The way that one's self is perceived is necessarily communicated within the context of social settings. Situation in a world of other people (and of nature) requires that actions be weighed in accordance with agency. The very concept of what it is to have self is a key way to understand a world-view, because the values that are central to cultural communities have their locus within self. As such, the importance of defining to what or to whom one is agent must be addressed. The concepts of self that were fostered in members of tribes and early settlement communities contributed greatly to the world-views of their members, and consequently the treatment of their surroundings. One aim of Native American religions was to cultivate within tribal members the worthiness of respect harbored within beings of all sorts. Native American oral traditions established in members, from early on, the skill of actively listening to nature and the mindset that the earth and its inhabitants should be approached with care and respect. This was apparent in the treatment of nature, for personhood was extended to living creatures of all kinds, and even what we might regard as inanimate objects. Native Americans viewed themselves as vitally related to all other living powers of the world. These approaches to interacting with nature, combined with a word-view that was willing to accept a wide array of entities as beings, instilled a broad concept of self within Native American peoples. In contrast, based on traditional Western thought - foundationally that of Descartes and highly influenced by John Locke - Colonial Americans developed a very different concept of self from which members of this culture saw the world as hierarchical. As a result, selves turned inward and understood personal existence as other than, or separate from, nature. Persons were manifestly cognitive beings with moral agency, and only other beings with the same attributes should be afforded equal respect or regarded as having rights, as such. The thematic that developed as a result was, and still is today, founded upon the value of property ownership and the utilization of property and natural resources for production. Why is it important to look at the individual Native American tribe member or Colonial American community member? Since the actions of each member contribute to the wellbeing of the whole group, and consequently of nature, it is important to grasp how self-conduct that is necessarily a product of the individual self, fits into the bigger picture and affects the attitudes and actions of the individual toward other people and the environment. This coincides with the purpose of this project to show how the concept of self for Native Americans can be illuminating in many ways, consequently casting light on how we might learn from their ways, rather than give the impression to readers that one concept of self is any better or worse than the other. It is my aim to illustrate the unique and intriguing way that Native Americans view the self as part of nature, and investigate how these differing concepts of self, in relation to nature, affect how the these groups act toward nature. My hope is that readers will be encouraged to reflect on their own values and the roles that those values play in modern America, including some of the implications that these concepts of self have had in the past and continue to have for the future.

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3

Liu, Weian. "Monotone method for nonlocal systems of first order." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2979/.

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In this paper, the monotone method is extended to the initial-boundary value problems of nonlocal PDE system of first order, both quasi-monotone and non-monotone. A comparison principle is established, and a monotone scheme is given.

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4

Li, Ying. "A Comparison Study of Principle Component Regression, Partial Least Square Regression and Ridge Regression with Application to FTIR Data." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Statistics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-127983.

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Least squares estimator may fail when the number of explanatory vari-able is relatively large in comparison to the sample or if the variablesare almost collinear. In such a situation, principle component regres-sion, partial least squares regression and ridge regression are oftenproposed methods and widely used in many practical data analysis,especially in chemometrics. They provide biased coecient estima-tors with the relatively smaller variation than the variance of the leastsquares estimator. In this paper, a brief literature review of PCR,PLS and RR is made from a theoretical perspective. Moreover, a dataset is used, in order to examine their performance on prediction. Theconclusion is that for prediction PCR, PLS and RR provide similarresults. It requires substantial verication for any claims as to thesuperiority of any of the three biased regression methods.

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5

Hals, Elisabeth. "IrRelevant and Chaotic or Indeed Relatively Cooperative? : A Gricean comparison of chatroom and face-to-face interaction." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-739.

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Chatroom conversations often elicit an initial impression of chaos. This is probably chiefly due to disrupted adjacency sequences, but also a result of the language being rich in non-standard linguistic forms and grammar. This study explores chatroom conversations with reference to Grice’s (1975) cooperative principle and the maxims that accompany it, and compares them to real life conversations. The aim is to see whether they differ from real life conversations to the extent expected, and whether these differences give rise to any compensational strategies to ensure successful communication. The results reveal a slightly higher amount of maxim undermining in the chat room than in the real life conversations, but not as high as expected. Accordingly, few compensational strategies need be adopted. It is suggested that the main explanation for these findings is that chatroom users have adapted their conversation patterns to the medium.

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6

Norheim, Stein. "Computer Support Simplifying Uncertainty Estimation using Patient Samples." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medicinsk informatik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68278.

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In this work, a practical approach to assessing bias and uncertainty using patient samples in a clinical laboratory is presented. The scheme is essentially a splitsample setup where one instrument is appointed to being the “master” instrument which other instruments are compared to. The software presented automatically collects test results from a Laboratory Information System in production and couples together the results of pairwise measurements. Partitioning of measurement results by user-defined criteria and how this can facilitate isolation of variation sources are also discussed. The logic and essential data model are described and the surrounding workflows outlined. The described software and workflow are currently in considerable practical use in several Swedish large-scale distributed laboratory organizations. With the appropriate IT-support, split-sample testing can be a powerful complement to external quality assurance.

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7

Ofei, Peace Gifty Sakyibea. "The International Criminal Court and the principle of complementarity: a comparison of the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the situation in Darfur." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8094.

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This dissertation seeks to explore the principle of complementarity, its advantages and its success so far through the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) self-referral to the International Criminal Court (ICC). It seeks also to investigate whether there are loopholes in the principle of complementarity, especially with regard to referrals by the Security Council involving states that are not parties to the Rome Statute. In particular the dissertation seeks to explore whether states can use this principle to hamper the efforts of the ICC to bring justice to victims of the most serious crimes of international concern and to end impunity
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.
A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Raymond Koen of the Faculty of Law, University of Western Cape, South Africa
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM

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8

Eriksson, Magnus, and Fredrik Richter. "Thin Capitalisation : A comparison of the application of article 9.1of the OECD model tax convention and the Swedish adjustment rule to thin capitalisation." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-396.

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This thesis answers the question “How does the application of the Swedish adjustment rule correspond to the OECD point of view regarding intragroup loans to thinly capitalised companies?” The question is answered by using the traditional legal method and by examining the way the adjustment rule is applied by the Supreme Administrative Court, the Swedish approach when using the arm’s length principle in Swedish law is then compared to the approach recommended by the OECD.

From a tax point of view intragroup prices on commodities and services are of vital importance for multinational enterprises, since these prices in the end affects the total corporate taxation. Also the way of financing a company can have tax implications since it could be an advantage for an MNE to arrange financing of companies within the group through loans rather than contribution of equity capital. A company with a disproportionate debt to equity ratio is considered thinly capitalised and since interest payments are considered deductible expenses, which dividends are not, it provides a way to transfer untaxed profits within a group. This may be an incentive for MNEs to intentionally thinly capitalise companies by providing them with capital through loans instead of equity contributions.

The Swedish provision regulating transfer pricing between associated enterprises is the adjustment rule which expresses the arm’s length principle. The purpose of the rule is to adjust erroneous pricing between associated enterprises and it has four requisites that have to be fulfilled in order to be applicable. In the thesis it is concluded that nothing in the preambles to the adjustment rule points at the provision being applicable to thin capitalisation, on the contrary they indicate that it should have a narrow application. Through case law it has been established that the adjustment rule is not applicable to thin capitalisation situations in the sense that it can not be used to reclassify a loan into equity contribution. The provision is, in such a situation, only applicable to adjust interest rates that deviate from rates on the open market. The arm’s length principle expressed in article 9.1 of the OECD Model Tax Convention however seems to have a broader application than the adjustment rule. It is stated in the commentary to the article that it may be applied to prima facie loans, i.e. it can reclassify a loan into equity contribution if the surrounding circumstances points at it being the true nature of the transaction.

The conclusions drawn when comparing the reasoning of the Supreme Administrative Court with the OECD regarding the application of the arm’s length principle, is that the way the OECD reason regarding the true nature of a transaction is based on the same idea as the reasoning of the Swedish court. The Swedish Supreme Court however uses this type of reasoning when applying the substance over form principle and not when applying the adjustment rule. In other words, the difference is that the adjustment rule is not acknowledged the same scope of application as article 9.1.

Regarding the need to legislate against thin capitalisation in Sweden it is the authors’ opinion that since no examination of the problem has been performed, it is necessary to examine whether thin capitalisation in reality constitutes a problem for the Swedish revenue. Not until it is established if a problem exists should there be a discussion regarding the construction of such a provision.

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9

Porter, Michael. "Restitution in Chinese and American Tort Law: A Comparison of Historical Factors and Modern Cases." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1398901345.

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10

Maurini, Corrado. "ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING OF DISTRIBUTED PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS FOR PASSIVE DAMPING OF STRUCTURAL VIBRATIONS: COMPARISON OF NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS." Phd thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994396.

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In this work passive piezoelectric devices for vibration damping are studied. It is developed the basic idea of synthesizing electrical wave guides to obtain an optimal electro-mechanical energy exchange and therefore to dissipate the mechanical vibrational energy in the electric form. Modular PiezoElectroMechanical (PEM) structures are constituted by continuous elastic beams (or bars) coupled, by means of an array of PZT transducers, to lumped dissipative electric networks. Both refined and homogenized models of those periodic systems are derived by an energetic approach based on the principle of virtual powers. Weak and strong formulation of the dynamical problem are presented having in mind future studies involving the determination of numerical solutions. In this framework the effectiveness of the proposed devices for the suppression of mechanical vibrations is investigated by a wave approach, considering both the extensional and flexural oscillations. The optimal values of the electric parameters for a fixed network topology are derived analytically by a pole placement technique. Their sensitivities on the dimensions of the basic cell of the periodic system and on the design frequency are studied. Moreover the dependence of damping performances on the frequency is analyzed. Comparing the performances of different network topological configurations, the advantages of controlling a mechanical structure with an electric analog are shown. As a consequence of those results, new interconnections of PZT transducers are proposed. An experimental setup for the validation of the analytical and numerical results is proposed and tested. A classical experience on resonant shunted PZT is reproduced. Future experimental work is programmed.

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11

Šolar, Tomáš. "Srovnání možností objektových a relačních databází." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-19100.

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This thesis presents the theoretical description of relational and object-oriented databases, including the underlying basic concepts. The paper briefly describes the specific database systems according to various categories. Work tries to look at all the facts in general terms therefore does part of it explain other database principles. On the example of a small library the paper displays the strengths and weaknesses of both principles. Later the paper describes more thoroughly the Caché database system, which can be addressed by both principles. The difference between object and relational approach is then shown in this environment. The goal is therefore to provide side information about the various principles, define the differences in categories and then show the problems on a practical example. Further clarify the specific database system and try to demonstrate the previously defined categories in this environment. One's own contribution to the treated subject can be found in different approaches of the specific models, the comparison of the two approaches on particular examples, the examination of the selected database system and conducting a comparison of the principles in the Caché environment.

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12

Sörensen, Susanne. "Five English Verbs : A Comparison between Dictionary meanings and Meanings in Corpus collocations." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-6091.

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In Norstedts Comprehensive English-Swedish Dictionary (2000) it is said that the numbered list of senses under each headword is frequency ordered. Thus, the aim of this study is to see whether this frequency order of senses agrees with the frequencies appearing in the British National Corpus (BNC). Five English, polysemous verbs were studied. For each verb, a simple search in the corpus was carried out, displaying 50 random occurrences. Each collocate was encoded with the most compatible sense from the numbered list of senses in the dictionary. The encoded tokens were compiled and listed in frequency order. This list was compared to the dictionary's list of senses. Only two of the verbs reached agreement between the highest ranked dictionary sense and the most frequent sense in the BNC simple search. None of the verbs' dictionary orders agreed completely with the emerged frequency order of the corpus occurrences, why complementary collocational learning is advocated.

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13

Graewe, Paulwin. "Optimal liquidation problems and HJB equations with singular terminal condition." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17776.

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Gegenstand dieser Arbeit sind stochastische Kontrollprobleme im Kontext von optimaler Portfolioliquidierung in illiquiden Märkten. Dabei betrachten wir sowohl Markovsche sowie nicht-Markovsche Preiseinflussfunktionale und berücksichtigen den Handel sowohl im Primärmarkt als auch in Dark Pools. Besonderes Merkmal von Liquidierungsproblemen ist die durch die Liquidierungsbedingung induzierte singuläre Endbedingung an die Wertfunktion. Der Standardansatz für linear-quadratische Probleme reduziert die HJB-Gleichungen für die Wertfunktion - je nach Zustandsdynamik - auf (ein System) partielle(r) Differentialgleichungen, stochastische(r) Rückwärtsdifferentialgleichungen beziehungsweise stochastische(r) partielle(r) Rückwärtsdifferentialgleichungen (BSPDE). Wir beweisen neue Existenz-, Eindeutigkeits- und Regularitätsresultate für diese zur Lösung optimaler Liquidierungsprobleme verwendeten Differentialgleichungen mit singulärer Endbedingung, verifizieren die Charakterisierung der zugehörigen Wertfunktion anhand dieser Differentalgleichungen und geben die optimale Handelsstrategie in Feedbackform. Für Markovsche und nicht-Markovsche Preiseinflussmodelle wird eine neuartiger Ansatz basierend auf der genauen singulären Asymptotik der Wertfunktion vorgelegt. Für vollständig Markovsche Liquidierungsprobleme erlaubt uns dieser, die Existenz glatter Lösungen der singulären partiellen Differentialgleichungen zu zeigen. Für eine Klasse von Problemen mit Markovscher/nicht-Markovscher Struktur charakterisieren wir die HJB-Gleichungen durch eine singuläre BSPDE, für die wir die Existenz und Eindeutigkeit einer Lösung über einen Bestrafungsansatz herleiten.
We study stochastic optimal control problems arising in the framework of optimal portfolio liquidation under limited liquidity. Our framework is flexible enough to allow for Markovian and non-Markovian impact functions and for simultaneous trading in primary venues and dark pools. The key characteristic of portfolio liquidation models is the singular terminal condition of the value function that is induced by the liquidation constraint. For linear-quadratic models, the standard ansatz reduces the HJB equation for the value to a (system of) partial differential equation(s), backward stochastic differential equation(s) or backward stochastic partial differential equation(s) with singular terminal condition, depending on the choice of the cost coefficients. We establish novel existence, uniqueness and regularity results for (BS)PDEs with singular terminal conditions arising in models of optimal portfolio liquidation, prove that the respective value functions can indeed be described by a (BS)PDE, and give the optimal trading strategies in feedback form. For Markovian and non-Markovian impact models we establish a novel approach based on the precise asymptotics of the value function at the terminal time. For purely Markovian liquidation problems this allows us to establish the existence smooth solutions to singular PDEs. For a class mixed Markovian/non-Markovian models we characterize the HJB equation in terms of a singular BSPDE for which we establish existence and uniqueness of a solution using a stochastic penalization method.

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14

Elliott, Sarah. "The 'pay now argue later' principle in South African Tax Law: its development, operation, comparison to South African civil debt enforcement and consistency with the constitutional right of access to courts." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25267.

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Section 164 of the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011 (the TAA), previously contained in section 88 of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 (the Income Tax Act) and section 36 of the Value-Added Tax (VAT) Act 89 of 1991 (the VAT Act), provides that the payment of tax will not be automatically suspended until the resolution of a dispute regarding the liability for the said tax debt. This is known as the 'pay now argue later' principle. The objectives of this research were to analyse the development of the 'pay now argue later' principle in South African tax law, to provide an overview of the content and operation of section 164 of the TAA, to compare the principle and its purpose with civil debt enforcement procedures and, lastly, to test the principle against the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution), specifically the right of access to courts. The underlying theme of this research is the recognition of taxpayers' rights in South Africa, specifically the interplay between the powers of the fiscus and the rights of taxpayers. In order to achieve the abovementioned objectives, this research examined the development of the 'pay now argue later' principle from its first appearance in section 88 of the Income Tax Act and section 36 of the VAT Act to its subsequent incorporation into the Tax Administration Bill 11 of 2011 and, ultimately, into section 164 of the TAA. It was concluded that the development of the 'pay now argue later' principle, from its first appearance in the Income Tax Act in 1962 and the VAT Act in 1993 until their repeal in 2011, was relatively minor save for in 2009, during which year there was a marked change in the structure of this principle with the inclusion of the so-called 'suspension rule'. This research provided a practical overview and understanding of the operation of the 'pay now argue later' principle in terms of section 164 of the TAA, specifically focusing on the suspension rule. This research further compared the 'pay now argue later' principle with civil debt enforcement procedures, specifically provisional sentence and summary judgment. It was concluded that the 'pay now argue later' principle is an exception to the ordinary rules governing civil debt enforcement proceedings. Lastly, this research placed the 'pay now argue later' principle under constitutional scrutiny, specifically whether its application infringes on the right of access to courts of taxpayers. It was found that the 'pay now argue later' principle infringes a taxpayer's right of access to courts, but this limitation is justified in terms of section 36 of the Constitution.

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15

Mosler, David. "Reconciliation Through Truth? - A Comparison of the Judicial Approach of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the Amnesty Principle of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21615.

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Throughout the past three decades the world has witnessed an increased transition of states from autocratic systems to liberal democracies. During such transitions the reconciliation of societies fractured by previous human atrocities is an integral part for success. This article explores the impacts of principles of truth and justice on reconciliation of fractured societies during the process of transitional justice. Throughout the process it will provide an insight on different aspects and levels of the terminology of reconciliation. To illustrate the difference between a judicial approach and the process of amnesty giving, it will contrast the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa. Furthermore, it will provide an analytical account on the impact of internal actors versus external actors on reconciliation of fractured societies. This analysis will provide an understanding of the factors at work during reconciliation as a process and an outcome.

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16

George, Robert H. "Reassessing relocation : a comparative analysis of legal approaches to disputes over family migration after parental separation in England and New Zealand." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e0b7e3d4-f7de-41b4-8215-6a5f00cb733b.

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Relocation cases are disputes between separated parents which arise when one proposes to move to a new locality with their child and the other objects. Relocation disputes are increasingly common and are becoming a topic of international concern. This thesis takes a comparative socio-legal approach to examining the legal responses to relocation cases in England and New Zealand. In England, Payne v Payne [2001] 1 FLR 1052 continues to apply principles first enunciated in Poel v Poel [1970] 1 WLR 1469, and generally sees children’s welfare as being promoted by allowing primary carers to relocate, so long as such moves are bona fide and well-considered. New Zealand rejected this approach in the mid-1990s, and now places more emphasis on children having strong relationships with both parents. Consequently, where England is characterised as ‘pro-relocation’, New Zealand is ‘anti-relocation’. Qualitative interviews with legal practitioners in both countries suggest that these characterisations are reflective of the law in practice. Looking at hypothetical case-studies, English practitioners are more likely to support proposed relocations than New Zealanders. Many English practitioners think their law to be outdated, and in particular that it gives too much weight to applicants’ well-being and too little to the value of children having strong relationships with both parents. However, in New Zealand, where an approach similar to that favoured by many English participants is applied, practitioners have the opposite concern, that applicants’ well-being is given insufficient weight, and promoting strong relationships with both parents has become overly dominant when assessing children’s welfare. It is suggested that the current variation in approaches to relocation may fit broader trends in post-separation parenting in different countries. However, given the current ‘search for common principles’ which can be applied to relocation cases internationally, this thesis raises questions about the likelihood of international agreement being reached.

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17

Jonasson, Anna, Ben Kneppers, and Brendan Moore. "Principles-Based Comparison Framework for Renewable Electricity Options." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4154.

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Electricity generation is both a major contributor to the root causes of environmental unsustainability and an energy source that will likely play an important role in the transition to a sustainable society. Because renewable sources of electricity generation are seen as sustainable as a group, there is a danger that investments will be made in renewable technologies that do not effectively move society towards sustainability. We propose the use of a scientific, principles-based definition of sustainability to compare current and future renewable electricity options on their sustainability potential. This study presents a pilot decision-support comparison tool, Guide for Sustainable Energy Decisions (GSED), designed to give investors, policy makers, and manufacturers strategic guidance on the most effective renewable technologies to invest in for sustainability. The tool is based on a modified version of life cycle assessment (LCA) that allows comparisons of the upstream and downstream effects of generation technologies from a whole-systems sustainability perspective. Early feedback by experts suggests that the tool has strong potential to serve as an effective comparison tool and help decision-makers make strategic investments for sustainability.

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18

Carlton, Alan Mark. "A Comparison of Principal and Teacher Perceptions of Principal Leadership Skills." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/460.

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This study examined principals' and teachers' perceptions regarding both the importance of certain leadership skills and the ratings of principals' actual skills. There are strong theoretical bases for the use of principals' and teachers' perceptions in this study. The analysis of perceptions of leadership skills can lead to: (1) an increased awareness of principals' strengths and weaknesses; (2) greater communication between principals and teachers; and, (3) hopefully, increased productivity on the part of principals and teachers. The population for this study included a group of twenty-eight principals who participated in the Confederation of Oregon School Administrators Assessment Center, and teachers in those principals' schools. These principals represented the total number of Assessment Center participants who were promoted to their positions subsequent to their participation in the Center. Assessment Center predictions ratings of these principals' skills were compared to teachers' ratings of the same principals' skills. Research questions sought information in the following areas: (1) principals' perceptions of their own skills; (2) principals' perceptions of the importance of given skills; (3) principals' predictions of teachers' ratings of the importance of skills; (4) principals' predictions of teachers' ratings of principals' actual skills; (5) teachers' perceptions of principals' skills; (6) teachers' perceptions of the importance of given skills; and, (7) Assessment Center predictions ratings of principals' skills. The methodology for this study combined survey research with information provided by the COSA Assessment Center. Mailed surveys were used to collect data regarding principals' and teachers' perceptions of leadership skills. The results of this study suggested that there is a general agreement between principals and teachers regarding principals' leadership skills. Additionally, the predictions made regarding principals' skills by the Assessment Center accurately reflected teachers' perceptions of the same principals' skills in the field. The area of greatest difference in this study was in principals' perceptions of teachers' ratings. Principals generally predicted that teachers would rate the importance of skills lower than teachers actually rated them. Because teachers' perceptions of principals' skills are generally accurate, it can be concluded that teachers' ratings of their principals can play an important role in the total process of principals' evaluations.

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19

Thomys, Oliver. "Asymptotic Behaviour of Capillary Problems governed by Disjoining Pressure Potentials." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-20100412-072001-8.

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20

Winkert, Patrick. "Comparison principles and multiple solutions for nonlinear elliptic problems." Tönning Lübeck Marburg Der Andere Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997031131/04.

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21

Holub, Martin. "Nepříspěvkové doby v důchodovém systému ČR ? opomíjený prvek transformace důchodového systému." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77207.

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Non contributory periods is one of the key issues in the public discussion on the planned reform of the pension system in the Czech Republic and is being widely discussed by economists, social scientists and political representatives. The PhD thesis focuses on a detailed analysis of non-contributory periods in the Czech pension system and their impact on pension system balance and micro and macro economic connections. It includes an international comparison of non contributory periods and a minute description of one selected non contributory period -- child care in selected European countries. The extent of non contributory periods considered in the pension system represents one of the theoretical possibilities of parametric changes to the pension insurance system. Non contributory periods are taken into account in pension schemes either because the individual is carrying out a non-wage-earning activity beneficial to society or because the individual through no fault of their own finds themselves in an (adverse) social situation which from a humanitarian perspective justifies their participation in pension insurance without making insurance payments. The institution of non contributory periods helps to secure the universality of the pension system, which enables the participation of economically inactive persons in the pension insurance system. The amount of non contributory periods or the proportion between non contributory periods and years worked, or the proportion between paid insurance and non contributory periods (potential loss of insurance contributions) has, to date, merely been estimated in the Czech Republic. This PhD thesis presents the first accurate figures, based on unique individual data on insured persons; methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, simulations were used and statistical methods were applied. The analysis reveals that non contributory periods are a significant element of the Czech pension system amounting to 22.4% of the total insurance period which is unacceptable especially as regards the principle of equivalence. The average duration of non-contributory periods for current pensioners is 8.7 years. The proportion of hypothetical insurance calculated from the average wage at potential total income from insurance was in the observed year 30% or 13% (calculation based on the minimum wage). Non contributory periods in the Czech pension system have a significant impact on its balance. Paying premiums for non contributory periods (included in pension law) would cause a decrease in the contribution rate to 18% (calculation based on the average wage). If non contributory periods were not considered, the potential savings on pensions paid out would be almost CZK 35 billion in the observed year. That represents 16.5% of expenditure on pension payments and more than twice the deficit of the pension insurance account for the observed year. Therefore the author recommends in the thesis the restriction of non contributory periods and the introduction of payments for such non-contributory periods from those people who will be entitled to a pension from such non contributory periods in the future.

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22

Bowden, Brian E. "First principles used in orbital prediction and an atmospheric model comparison." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA284636.

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23

Wang, Chao. "Analyse de quelques problèmes elliptiques et paraboliques semi-linéaires." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809045.

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Cette thèse est divisée en deux parties. Dans la première partie, on considère le système de réaction-diffusion-advection (Pε), qui est un modèle d'haptotaxie, mécanisme lié à la dissémination de tumeurs cancéreuses. Le résultat principal concerne la convergence de la solution du systeme (Pε) vers la solution d'un problème à frontière libre (P0) qui est bien défini. Dans la seconde partie, on considère une classe générale d'équations elliptiques du type Hénon:−∆u = |x|^{α} f(u) dans Ω ⊂ R^N avec α > -2. On examine deux cas classiques : f(u) = e^u, |u|^{p−1} u et deux autres cas : f(u) = u^{p}_{+} puis f(u) nonlinéarité générale. En étudiant les solutions stables en dehors d'un ensemble compact (en particulier, solutions stables et solutions avec indice de Morse fini) avec différentes méthodes, on obtient des résultats de classification.

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24

Altuwaijri, Anas. "A COMPARISON BETWEEN SAUDI AND AMERICAN SCHOOL PRINCIPAL PREPARATION PROGRAMS." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1182.

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Saudi educators are increasingly concerned over whether principal preparation programs in Saudi Arabia are accomplishing their goal of developing qualified leaders who are prepared to take on the tasks of school principals. Thus, Saudi researchers recommend that the school principal preparation programs undergo evaluation. This study examines American school principal preparation program components to determine their applicability to Saudi programs. Data analysis focused on Title 23 Illinois Administrative Code 30 and the Saudi School Principal Preparation Program Guidelines with a specific focus on their general program requirements, internship requirements, coursework requirements, and staffing requirements. This research uncovers several similarities and differences between the Saudi and Illinois principal preparation programs. Both programs establish regulations and instructor qualifications as well as requirements for a program coordinator, accreditation, and completion of a supervised internship. The differences between the two include the areas of program structure, course requirements, and educational standards. The study’s findings encourage future research in two areas to improve principal preparation programs in Saudi Arabia: principal performance before and after program participation and study replication using Gulf Region, Middle East, European, or Asian countries as comparable.

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25

Grande, Marcia J. "Comparison of Principals' Leadership Practices by Methods of Professional Development." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1007.

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Although the roles of instructional leader and lead learner have become central in the work of 21st century principals, their professional development has garnered little attention. This quantitative, non-experimental, comparative survey study investigated differences in the self-reported leadership behaviors of principals who identified themselves as using either supported or unsupported professional development. Brain based learning, constructivist learning, and adult learning theories, together with professional development standards, created the conceptual framework for this study. Participants were obtained through a purposive national sampling of 7,000 of 230,600 U.S. principals, delimited to leaders in their school for 2 years or more. The voluntary, anonymous online survey yielded 186 usable surveys. The Principals Instructional Management Rating Scale was used to measure leadership behaviors. The t-test of means was used to compare the means of responses from supported and unsupported principals for each leadership domain. Supported principals' means of responses were higher for Domain 1 (defining the school's mission). The difference in means, however was not statistically significant when subjected to the Bonferroni correction adjustment for potential family wise errors. Research suggests the strongest link between student achievement and leadership practices is Domain 1 leadership behaviors, thus warranting further investigation of the use of principals' professional learning communities and trained mentors/coaches. Implications for positive social change include further understanding of the importance of high quality professional development for school leaders to support their work in defining the school's mission.

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26

Herding, Jan [Verfasser]. "Principles of perceptual decision making: insights from a somatosensory comparison task / Jan Herding." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/114167842X/34.

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27

Allemang, Matthew R. "Comparison of Automotive Structures Using Transmissibility Functions and Principal Component Analysis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367944783.

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28

De, Sousa Silva Jouciane <1984&gt. "Comparison of affinity chromatography supports for separation of protein." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6090/.

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Chromatography is the most widely used technique for high-resolution separation and analysis of proteins. This technique is very useful for the purification of delicate compounds, e.g. pharmaceuticals, because it is usually performed at milder conditions than separation processes typically used by chemical industry. This thesis focuses on affinity chromatography. Chromatographic processes are traditionally performed using columns packed with porous resin. However, these supports have several limitations, including the dependence on intra-particle diffusion, a slow mass transfer mechanism, for the transport of solute molecules to the binding sites within the pores and high pressure drop through the packed bed. These limitations can be overcome by using chromatographic supports like membranes or monoliths. Dye-ligands are considered important alternatives to natural ligands. Several reactive dyes, particularly Cibacron Blue F3GA, are used as affinity ligand for protein purification. Cibacron Blue F3GA is a triazine dye that interacts specifically and reversibly with albumin. The aim of this study is to prepare dye-affinity membranes and monoliths for efficient removal of albumin and to compare the three different affinity supports: membranes and monoliths and a commercial column HiTrapTM Blue HP, produced by GE Healthcare. A comparison among the three supports was performed in terms of binding capacity at saturation (DBC100%) and dynamic binding capacity at 10% breakthrough (DBC10%) using solutions of pure BSA. The results obtained show that the CB-RC membranes and CB-Epoxy monoliths can be compared to commercial support, column HiTrapTM Blue HP, for the separation of albumin. These results encourage a further characterization of the new supports examined.

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29

Holacka, Karin V. "A Comparison of Principals’ Perceptions of Preparedness Based on Leadership Development Opportunities." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84217/.

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This research study identified the frequency in which six public school districts in Texas provided principals with effective development opportunities prior to the principalship excluding university or certification programs. A purposive sample of over 200 principals from six school districts in the Dallas/Fort Worth area were asked to participate in the study yielding a response rate of 41%. Respondents identified through a questionnaire their leadership development opportunities and perceptions of preparedness on nine standards common to the profession. Principals were nominally grouped for comparison. The perceptions of preparedness for principals who received effective leadership development opportunities were compared to those who did not receive these same opportunities using an independent samples t-test to determine statistical significance (p < .05). Peer coaching yielded the most statistically significant results in three standards. This finding indicates principals who receive peer coaching prior to the principalship compared to those who did not perceive themselves as more prepared in the areas of community collaboration, political, social, economic, legal, and cultural context, and curriculum, instruction and assessment. Effect size was measured for the statistically significance standards to determine practical significance. Each of the five statistically significant standards yielded a medium effect size indicating that the leadership development methods received by participants explained approximately 30% of the difference.

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30

Baer, Dirk E. "A comparison of role expectations of bilingual education principals in selected Indiana schools." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/487344.

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The purpose of the study was to identify differences in role expectations held by selected referent groups of the bilingual education principal in Indiana. Referent groups in the study included:1) Bilingual education program directors.2) Non-bilingual education program directors.3) Bilingual education principals.4) Non-bilingual education principals.5) Bilingual education teachers.6) Non-bilingual education teachers.A twenty-three item questionnaire containing functions important to the role of the bilingual education principal was used to gather perceptions from the six educational referent groups. The null hypothesis was tested using Chisquare. The .05 level of significance was established as the critical probability level for the nonacceptance of the hypothesis.Findings1. The six referent groups were found to be in general agreement when the role of the bilingual education principal was treated generically.2. Several areas of significance appeared when bilingual groups versus non-bilingual groups were examined.3. Major differences appeared as non-bilingual groups expected more principal involvement in planning, directing, and managing while bilingual groups expected more involvement by the principal in the change agent function.4. The demographic factor of national origin produced a significant difference. Respondents of Hispanic origin expected more from the principal in areas of direct responsibility to bilingual education.ConclusionsThe findings supported much of the previous research on role expectations, role conflict, and leadership. Membership in a particular referent group can be considered a reasonable predictor of certain expectations of the role of a bilingual education principal.Recommendations1. Graduate schools of educational administration should include bilingual education theory, curriculum, and program models in their course requirements.2. Bilingual education principals must have some understanding both of their professional responsibilities for the operation of a school and also for the demands made of them by different referent groups.

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31

Staples, Caron. "A COMPARISON OF THE LEADERSHIP ROLES OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2316.

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Public school principals' role requirements have undergone changes during standards-based reform and accountability (Copland, 2001; Daresh, 1998; Jones, 1999; Lashway, 2003a). This study was designed to identify the leadership role focus and behaviors of public school principals who were attempting to meet the challenges of this movement and to provide valuable information about the effects of accountability reforms on school leadership. Public school principals were subject to the mandated policy initiatives associated with the accountability movement. Private school principals, or lower school heads, were not subject to these federal and state policy reforms. The leadership role and behaviors of public and private elementary school principals working under these two distinctly different circumstances were compared. Accountability reforms called for public school principals to focus the principal's role on instructional leadership as the priority rather than managerial leadership. There was a need to understand if there were any significant differences in roles and behaviors of public and private school principals: (a) to inform public and private school policymakers and representatives who impact the educational system through local, state, and federal legislation; (b) to inform educational leadership training programs and licensing systems; and (c) to assist those who lead schools (Lashway; Portin, 2000). Public and private school principals in the state of Florida reported self-perceptions of their leadership role focus and behaviors using the Instructional Leadership Inventory (ILI), an instrument obtained from MetriTech, Inc. The data collection was conducted according to the elements of Dillman's (2000) Tailored Design Method for mailed surveys. The survey instrument was distributed to a sample of 501 public and private elementary school principals in the state of Florida. The data collection process resulted in a total of 263 returned surveys, a 52.5% total response rate. The public school response rate was 48.0%, or 168 returned surveys out of the 350 mailed surveys. The private school response rate was 62.9%, or 95 returned surveys out of the 151 mailed surveys. Comparison of the two groups, public and private, demonstrated that principals and lower school heads reported being similar in many ways in relation to the demographics and the work environment of the two groups. The differences in personal and professional characteristics were minimal. There were very few statistically significant differences between public elementary school principals and private lower school heads when looking at the ILI instructional leadership criteria. However, the findings revealed that there were considerable statistically significant differences between public elementary school principals and private lower school heads when reviewing the ILI managerial leadership criteria. Implications derived from these analyses support two areas of change in the leadership behaviors of public school principals. A significant number of public school principals reported that they spent considerable time on the managerial leadership behaviors of Monitoring Student Progress, Supervising Teaching, and Managing Curriculum, behaviors related to assessment and accountability. Public school principals reported using achievement test results in multiple ways to gauge the progress of the school toward school goals. These findings contributed to existing knowledge and provided new knowledge about principals' leadership role focus and behaviors based on data gathered during the age of the accountability movement. Recommendations include adjusting staffing to prioritize instructional leadership in the face of managerial demands, reducing public school populations through alternative strategies, enhancing the strength of community interest and support for the school, and furthering research aimed at a better understanding of the influence of external social and political goals, standards, and accountability on the middle management role of the school principal.
Ed.D.
Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership
Education
Educational Leadership

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32

Skinner, Colleen. "A COMPARISON OF MENTORED AND NON-MENTORED NOVICE ELEMENTARY PRINCIPALS IN RESPECT TO JOB SATISFACTION." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2309.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if mentoring programs had an impact on job satisfaction for beginning elementary principals in the state of Florida. It also examined if the following factors impacted job satisfaction: (a) length of the mentoring program, (b) frequency of meetings, (c) selection process for the mentor, (d) the position of the mentor, or (e) age and gender of the beginning principal. The population for the study consisted of 108 elementary principals with more than six months and less than fours years of experience in the state of Florida. Twenty-four districts participated in the study, covering all five regional areas in Florida. An online questionnaire, consisting of Bowling Green State University's Job Description Index and Job in General, was administered. The Job Description Index contained five subcategories of Work, Pay, Opportunities for Promotion, Supervision, and People at Work. The instrument Job in General provided an overall job satisfaction rating. An analysis of the Pearson Correlation found there was no statistically significant relationship for those who were in a mentor program compared to those who were not in a mentor program as a beginning principal. However, a Pearson Correlation found a statistically significant relationship between the frequency a mentor met with the beginning principal and job satisfaction in four subcategories: (a) Supervision, (b) Promotion, (c) Pay and (d) People at Work. There was also a significant relationship between the frequency of meeting with a mentor and the Job in General score. Additional analysis showed no statistically significant difference based on the length of the mentoring program, age and gender of the beginning principal, and the position held by the mentor. Recommendations based on this study include providing a formal mentoring program with established guidelines for the frequency of meetings. A school district may design mentor programs to meet the needs of their beginning principals, but close attention should be given to guidelines ensuring regular contact between the mentors and beginning principals. Future studies may continue the research into other factors of mentoring, such as whether a reporting system is in place or follow-up is required by the mentor. Also, this study may be replicated with secondary principals or expanded beyond the state of Florida.
Ed.D.
Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership
Education
Educational Leadership

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33

Chen, Howard. "AZIP, audio compression system: Research on audio compression, comparison of psychoacoustic principles and genetic algorithms." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2617.

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The purpose of this project is to investigate the differences between psychoacoustic principles and genetic algorithms (GA0). These will be discussed separately. The review will also compare the compression ratio and the quality of the decompressed files decoded by these two methods.

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34

Howell, Patricia Ann. "A Comparison of Assistant Principal and Principal Perceptions of the Assistant Principalship as a Training Ground in the Secondary School." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1373.

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Although the assistant principalship has been an important part of American secondary schools for over thirty years, the educational establishment has yet to arrive at a formal definition of the assistant principal's role in that institution. Researchers have tended to find the assistant in a role defined by procedures. At the same time, they have called for a new definition of the assistant based on policy-making activities. This outcome has had several important consequences, not the least of which has been failure to provide formal guidelines for training assistants in their role and preparing them for future administrative assignments. This study has investigated the relationship between fourteen areas of responsibility connected with secondary school administration and the role of the assistant principal in meeting these responsibilities. Unlike previous studies, it has emphasized, not the areas themselves, but the perceptions of principals and assistants who rated the value of each area as a training ground for the principalship. By classifying the areas perceived to be most valuable for training, the study contributes to the emerging definition of the assistant principalship. Also, by explaining the relationship between the administrators' backgrounds and their influence on the ratings given, this study has attempted to account for the factors that affected the respondents' perceptions. The study was organized around three research questions: (1) Do principals and assistant principals differ in the extent to which they perceive the assistant principalship as an adequate training ground for the principalship? (2) What factors affect the perceptions of assistant principals? (3) What factors influence the perceptions of principals? In order to address these questions, secondary school administrators who were members of the Confederation of Oregon School Administrators (COSA) were surveyed. They rated fourteen areas of responsibility for their training value and for the extent to which assignments to the areas were made on the basis of gender stereotyping. In addition, the areas to which the respondents were currently assigned were reported. The respondents also supplied background information concerning the years of experience in their current position and size of the administrative staff of which they were a part. Of the 454 members surveyed, 373 returned completed questionnaires, yielding a response rate of 71%. Assistant principals comprised 57% of the sample, while principals comprised 43%. Females comprised 16% of the sample and males 84%. Major findings suggest that while principals and assistants differed in the amount of value they awarded each area of responsibility they consistently identified the same areas as valuable. Assistants' perceptions were found to be influenced by staff size and gender. Principals' perceptions were related to their length of tenure as assistant principals, how long they had been principals, number of assistant principals they supervised, and gender. These findings have implications for the future definition of the assistant principalship and improved training for assistants because they showed that principals believed in the value of the assistant principalship as a training ground. Thus, they also suggested the feasibility of combining the leadership of the principal and the concept of teamwork in both the definition and training of Assistant.

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35

Geroukis, Asterios, and Erik Brorson. "Predicting Insolvency : A comparison between discriminant analysis and logistic regression using principal components." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-243289.

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In this study, we compare the two statistical techniques logistic regression and discriminant analysis to see how well they classify companies based on clusters – made from the solvency ratio – using principal components as independent variables. The principal components are made with different financial ratios. We use cluster analysis to find groups with low, medium and high solvency ratio of 1200 different companies found on the NASDAQ stock market and use this as an apriori definition of risk. The results shows that the logistic regression outperforms the discriminant analysis in classifying all of the groups except for the middle one. We conclude that this is in line with previous studies.

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36

Little, David A. "Geochemical Comparison of Ancient and Modern Eolian Dune Foresets Using Principal Components Analysis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6187.

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Geochemistry has been used to determine the provenance and diagenetic history of eolian sandstone deposits. However, the grain size, sorting, cementation, and detrital composition of eolian units can change along dune foreset laminae. The purpose of this study was to test for consistent trends of compositional change along dune foresets. Such trends could increase the quality of geochemical sampling of eolian sandstones and possibly aid in estimating the original height of ancient sand dunes. XRF data was gathered for both major and trace elements from the Pennsylvanian to Permian Weber Sandstone, Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, and modern Coral Pink Sand Dunes of southern Utah. Data was plotted using both 2-dimensional scatter plots and 3-dimensional principal components analysis (PCA) plots. The PCA plots proved to be the most informative and suggest that there are no consistent, statistically significant geochemical trends within or between the three units sampled. However, this study found that PCA was able to show significant geochemical differences between the three units sampled, even when they are all dominated by a single mineral (>90% quartz). The Weber Sandstone had the most varied composition, and dunes within the unit could be highly dissimilar to each other. The Navajo Sandstone had less overall geochemical variability than the Weber Sandstone, and individual dunes were similar to each other. The modern Coral Pink Sand Dunes had much less compositional variation than either of the other two units, and dunes in this unit were very similar to each other.

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37

Winkert, Patrick [Verfasser], Siegfried [Akademischer Betreuer] Carl, and Dumitru [Akademischer Betreuer] Motreanu. "Comparison principles and multiple solutions for nonlinear elliptic problems / Patrick Winkert. Betreuer: Siegfried Carl ; Dumitru Motreanu." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1024874400/34.

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38

Deckard, Allan Paul. "Potential motivational effects of altered compensation rates in comparison to other type incentives on building principal performance." PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/588.

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The effective schools research has repeatedly concluded that effective schools are characterized by effective administrators. The desire, then, of local school boards to improve administrator performance has emerged, based upon the assumption that as building principal performance improves, so does teacher performance, and ultimately, student performance. Merit pay has received a great deal of attention in education recently as a means to motivate administrators towards improved performance. Merit pay is supported by the "physical-economic" school of thought which believes that individuals are "economically motivated". In contrast, the "work itself" or "job satisfaction" school of thought believes that individuals are best motivated by factors which affect job meaningfulness. Merit pay is viewed as a "hygiene" factor which may decrease job "dissatisfaction" but does not necessarily result in increased motivation. This dissertation compared the "physical-economic" concept of altered compensation rates or merit pay, to the "job satisfaction" or "work itself" concept of increased job meaningfulness as a means to motivate principals towards improved performance. When given a list of incentives, principals were asked to choose between merit pay and other type incentives. Of the 312 principals surveyed, 244 responded for a 78% return rate with the following results: 28% preference for merit pay at the 5% level; 47% preference for merit pay at the 10% level; 63% preference for merit pay at the 15% level; and, 68% preference at the 20% level. Frequencies tallied and percents derived indicated a consistent preference for merit pay at the 15% and 20% levels irrespective of demographics. These results would seem to indicate that "work meaningfulness" incentives are desirable to principals, but when paired against ever increasing levels of "potential monetary compensation", they lose their attractiveness. Even though merit pay received a popular response from the principals surveyed at the higher levels offered, merit pay's track record is so poor as to suggest that better measurement methods need to be devised before such a program is initiated. According to the literature reviewed, it is doubtful that such an objective and equitable means of measurement is feasible without interfering in a principal's daily routine, thus reducing the principal's effectiveness.

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39

Mills, Helen H. "A Comparison of Values Between Public School Principals and Middle Managers in Manufacturing Industries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1987. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2752.

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This study compares the value systems of public school principals and middle managers in manufacturing industries in four counties in Upper East Tennessee. The purpose of the study is to provide information for persons involved in planning policies and providing funds for public school education programs. This is a descriptive study which uses data gathered from the administration of the Rokeach Value Survey to principals and managers selected for the study. The data presented include comparisons of median scores of individual values in terms of their relationships and differences by main research groups as well as sex and age subgroups. With a few exceptions, the value systems of principals and managers were found to be similar and overlapping. Conclusions of the study indicate a need for cooperative planning for and implementation of educational programs which relate to the common value systems of the leaders of educational and manufacturing institutions.

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40

Carpenter, Douglas J. "A comparison of supportive and opposing teachers' ideal and real perceptions of their principals /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487678444256558.

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41

Robinson, Carol Cressa. "Women in High School Principalships: A Comparison of Four Case Studies from a Virginia Public School District from 1970 - 2000." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11166.

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Four case studies were developed of women who were promoted to high school principalships in a public school district in Virginia, 1970 __ 2000. Using qualitative research methods, data were obtained through interviews, school system documents, and written media. The software package Ethnograph was used to code and analyze interview data. Three themes resulted from cross-case analysis: school district policies, school district culture, and women's career aspirations. Grounded in data from coding and analysis, a theory evolved that changes that occurred over time opened leadership opportunities for these four women, changes that emerged from society's pressure to the institution of education, then the individual. Further research is needed to corroborate this theory of change that impacted women's careers in education administration.
Ed. D.

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42

Pambou, Renestine Itoumba. "A comparison of public relations principles applied by political parties in campaign communication during a democratic election." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3093.

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Анотація:

Thesis (MTech (Public Relations Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017
In popular opinion political public relations practitioners have long been regarded as spin doctors. Their lane of actions is mostly viewed as propaganda and they are perceived as spin doctors who manipulate power-relations. The pervasive role of public relations in political campaigns cannot be denied as political actors rely on communication to reach their key stakeholders. While it can be used as an important tool that can mediate in these power relations, the facts remain in the case of this study that the political party campaign communication was rather reactive than strategic. The answer lays in the accurate application of the strategic nature and role of public relations. I believe that there is a strategic public relations role that is evident and has to be played in political party campaign communication. As a matter of fact, public relations strives to ensure an effective and efficient communication on behalf of its organisation. The purpose of this study was to explore the application of public relations principles in political parties’ campaign communication of the Democratic Alliance, in the context of three other political parties in a regional newspaper during the build-up to the 2014 South African general elections. Four distinct political parties were at the centre of this research, namely African National Congress, Democratic Alliance, Economic Freedom Fighters and Agang. Particular attention was given to the elite parties, African National Congress, and Democratic Alliance; the main environment of the study. It is true that political parties ‘communication with stakeholders reflects in essence public relations. Managing communication to promote the organisational agenda is to talk about issues important to both the public and the political party. This suggests that an effective political organisation will act on a two-way operation to build a common political position that influences public attitudes. Hence, a comparative case study was used as the strategy of inquiry. I conducted a content analysis of the political party campaign communication of the Democratic Alliance, covered in the Cape Times newspaper; as well as their election manifesto, to identify the public relations principles and strategies that were used. The daily newspapers were surveyed from January 8 to May 7, 2014. An overall of one hundred and forty-four related newspapers articles were analysed and formed the data for analysis. A close reading and counting of frequencies of varieties of themes in the newspaper revealed that the Democratic Alliance, as well as the African National congress, took a tactical and responsive approach, rather than a strategic and proactive approach, to their political party campaign communication. News coverage indicated that there was extensive counterpunching to other political parties ‘statuses, but very little promotion or management of the issues included in their election manifesto. Nkandla was the most controversial issue covered in the pre-election media coverage; while the proposed merger with AGANG; and the subsequent fall out was damaging to both political parties ‘reputation and relationship with voters. Therefore, more research on this topic needs to be undertaken, as public relations is crucial in translating public opinions to the organisation. In the political scope, this can serve as an attempt to adjust the socio-political environment to suit the political principles, as well as to help the political principles adjust to the environment by creating the right balance to mutual benefit an organisation and its publics that further ensures a real participatory democracy. Further studies should be done to investigate whether, the advocacy of the two-way symmetrical, as a way to central route to persuasion, along with the dialogical approach can impact on more effective decisions making, and ultimately create a more dynamic public sphere that seeks the resolution of socio-political conflicts. This new knowledge will lead to guidelines for public relations practitioners and can provide useful insights for political communication specialists.

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43

Gonder, Ozkan. "A Comparison Of Subspace Based Face Recognition Methods." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605291/index.pdf.

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Different approaches to the face recognition are studied in this thesis. These approaches are PCA (Eigenface), Kernel Eigenface and Fisher LDA. Principal component analysis extracts the most important information contained in the face to construct a computational model that best describes the face. In Eigenface approach, variation between the face images are described by using a set of characteristic face images in order to find out the eigenvectors (Eigenfaces) of the covariance matrix of the distribution, spanned by a training set of face images. Then, every face image is represented by a linear combination of these eigenvectors. Recognition is implemented by projecting a new image into the face subspace spanned by the Eigenfaces and then classifying the face by comparing its position in face space with the positions of known individuals. In Kernel Eigenface method, non-linear mapping of input space is implemented before PCA in order to handle non-linearly embedded properties of images (i.e. background differences, illumination changes, and facial expressions etc.). In Fisher LDA, LDA is applied after PCA to increase the discrimination between classes. These methods are implemented on three databases that are: Yale face database, AT&
T (formerly Olivetti Research Laboratory) face database, and METU Vision Lab face database. Experiment results are compared with respect to the effects of changes in illumination, pose and expression. Kernel Eigenface and Fisher LDA show slightly better performance with respect to Eigenfaces method under changes in illumination. Expression differences did not affect the performance of Eigenfaces method. From test results, it can be observed that Eigenfaces approach is an adequate method that can be used in face recognition systems due to its simplicity, speed and learning capability. By this way, it can easily be used in real time systems.

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44

Michael, Simon. "A Comparison of Data Transformations in Image Denoising." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-375715.

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The study of signal processing has wide applications, such as in hi-fi audio, television, voice recognition and many other areas. Signals are rarely observed without noise, which obstruct our analysis of signals. Hence, it is of great interest to study the detection, approximation and removal of noise. In this thesis we compare two methods for image denoising. The methods are each based on a data transformation. Specifically, Fourier Transform and Singular Value Decomposition are utilized in respective methods and compared on grayscale images. The comparison is based on the visual quality of the resulting image, the maximum peak signal-to-noise ratios attainable for the respective methods and their computational time. We find that the methods are fairly equal in visual quality. However, the method based on the Fourier transform scores higher in peak signal-to-noise ratio and demands considerably less computational time.

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45

Charabati, Mohamad. "Le problème de Dirichlet pour les équations de Monge-Ampère complexes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30001/document.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la régularité des solutions des équations de Monge-Ampère complexes ainsi que des équations hessiennes complexes dans un domaine borné de Cn. Dans le premier chapitre, on donne des rappels sur la théorie du pluripotentiel. Dans le deuxième chapitre, on étudie le module de continuité des solutions du problème de Dirichlet pour les équations de Monge-Ampère lorsque le second membre est une mesure à densité continue par rapport à la mesure de Lebesgue dans un domaine strictement hyperconvexe lipschitzien. Dans le troisième chapitre, on prouve la continuité hölderienne des solutions de ce problème pour certaines mesures générales. Dans le quatrième chapitre, on considère le problème de Dirichlet pour les équations hessiennes complexes plus générales où le second membre dépend de la fonction inconnue. On donne une estimation précise du module de continuité de la solution lorsque la densité est continue. De plus, si la densité est dans Lp , on démontre que la solution est Hölder-continue jusqu'au bord
In this thesis we study the regularity of solutions to the Dirichlet problem for complex Monge-Ampère equations and also for complex Hessian equations in a bounded domain of Cn. In the first chapter, we give basic facts in pluripotential theory. In the second chapter, we study the modulus of continuity of solutions to the Dirichlet problem for complex Monge-Ampère equations when the right hand side is a measure with continuous density with respect to the Lebesgue measure in a bounded strongly hyperconvex Lipschitz domain. In the third chapter, we prove the Hölder continuity of solutions to this problem for some general measures. In the fourth chapter, we consider the Dirichlet problem for complex Hessian equations when the right hand side depends on the unknown function. We give a sharp estimate of the modulus of continuity of the solution as the density is continuous. Moreover, for the case of Lp-density we demonstrate that the solution is Hölder continuous up to the boundary

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46

Anderson, James. "A comparison of four change detection techniques for two urban areas in the United States." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2371.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 61 p. : col. ill., col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-42).

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47

Crouse, Tricia Lynn. "Comparisons of the Educational Outcomes from Distance Delivered versus Traditional Classroom Instruction in Principles of Microeconomics." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10138.

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Recent advancements in the speed and availability of the Internet have catapulted distance education into the forefront of possible economic education alternatives. Distance learning courses are taught exclusively over the Internet. Economics distance courses provide alternatives for economics students to traditional classroom instruction, and also invite new students to the discipline who may not have otherwise enrolled. An increase in the number of distance courses in the economics field has sparked a debate over the ability of distance courses to provide equivalent educational outcomes as traditional in-class courses. This study evaluates educational outcomes from a traditional section and two distance sections of introductory agricultural microeconomics courses, Economics of the Food and Fiber System (AAEC 1005), taught at Virginia Tech. The study compares student learning, attitudes and interests in economics, and perceptions of instructor effectiveness between traditionally taught students and those taught through distance education. Average exam scores, and common exam questions given to students in both course types, are the measures of student learning used in this study. Attitudes and interest are measured by student survey, and perceptions of instructor effectiveness are measured by student course evaluations. A variety of statistical tests are conducted comparing distance and traditional students in order to determine the influence of delivery method on educational outcomes. Results indicate that traditional students generally obtain higher grades on tests, and have a higher opinion of course instruction than distance students, suggesting that distance education is not an equivalent educational alternative to traditional classroom instruction.
Master of Science

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48

Commendatore, Pasquale, and Ingrid Kubin. "Source versus Residence. A comparison from a New Economic Geography perspective." SFB International Tax Coordination, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/538/1/document.pdf.

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Recently, issues of international taxation have also been analysed from a New Economic Geography perspective. These discussions show that agglomerative forces play a non negligible role. In the paper, we introduce explicitly taxation into a Footloose Capital Model and compare implications of taxation according to the residence principle and the source principle from a New Economic Geography perspective. We confirm that agglomerative effects change the results substantially compared to the standard analysis and that the two taxation principles have different implications for industry agglomeration. (author's abstract)
Series: Discussion Papers SFB International Tax Coordination

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49

Crounse, Shane. "The fair information principles : a comparison of U.S. and Canadian privacy policy as applied to the private sector /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/8638.

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50

Lee, Peter T. (Peter Taeyun). "Comparison of various media in teaching engineering principles : design of a D.C. motor torque/speed curve display mechanism." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49680.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998.
Improving product development education depends on finding effective media with which to teach. In my thesis, I focused on a comparison between the physical intimacy with a mechanical system and a computer simulation of the same system - specifically DC motors and their torque/speed characteristics. I built a fully mechanical dynamometer that draws the torque/speed curve of a DC motor as a student grabs the motor shaft. I also designed an interactive dynamic computer simulation of the same device using a modeling and animation software package. The design of the mechanical mechanism was a task that required engineering analysis, industrial design, human factors, and a focus on the education of students. There were a number of design challenges in this device that led me to build a fairly sophisticated mechanical mechanism that draws a torque/speed curve while being simple enough to understand. The design approach and analysis method was heavily stressed in creating this model. The computer simulation was modeled directly from the mechanical model. In order to compare the teaching effectiveness of the models, I ran experiments with students comparing the mechanical device, the computer simulation, and a control, a written textbook explanation of DC motor torque/speed characteristics. From the experiments, I found that the mechanical model was most effective in teaching students, followed by the computer simulations, and finally the control test. Students felt that the hand-on aspect of the mechanical model was the most important feature that distinguished it from the others. The results from this thesis can help to guide how media might be used more effectively in education.
by Peter T. Lee.
S.M.

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