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1
Vouleli, Vasiliki. "Sources et construction du principe de dignité humaine en droit allemand." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le principe du respect et de la protection de la dignité de l’être humain est consacré dans l’article premier de la Loi fondamentale allemande. L’emplacement tout à fait symbolique de cet article témoigne de l’attachement profond du droit allemand à cette valeur, la seule à bénéficier d’une protection absolue en toutes circonstances. La notion de dignité humaine n’est pas inconnue du droit français ; il n’existe pourtant en France aucune construction théorique cohérente du principe constitutionnel de la dignité de la personne humaine. Cette thèse propose de reprendre le thème de la dignité, de sa définition et de sa fonction dans un système juridique et constitutionnel, à partir de l’expérience allemande. En interrogeant spécialement le droit allemand, à partir de ses sources et dans le contexte européen qui est le sien, la thèse vise donc à contribuer à une théorie juridique générale de la dignitéThe first article of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany guarantees the respect and the protection of human dignity. The principle of human dignity has a particular significance in German law, since it is the only value therein to enjoy absolute protection under any circumstances. The concept of human dignity is not unknown to French law ; however, contrary to the German legal system, there is not, in French law, a coherent and unified theory of human dignity as an element of constitutional law. The present doctoral dissertation aims to study the concept of human dignity, its definition and its function within a legal and constitutional system by concentrating on the German paradigme. Though this core value of German constitutional law is currently under a lot of strain, as it is faced with new challenges such as those presented by the progress of biotechnology and the fight against terrorism, a study of human dignity in German law is indispensable in order to understand the importance – and the difficulty – of constructing a coherent constitutional theory of human dignity
2
Diani, Florian. "L'influence du principe de dignité humaine sur l'évolution du droit public de la vie en détention." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20002/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis le début des années 2000, la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme a donné un senset une portée juridique inédits au principe de dignité humaine appliquée à la détention, en se fondant notamment sur l’article 3 de la convention européenne des droits de l’homme qui proscrit la torture et les peines ou traitements inhumains ou dégradants. Cette évolution majeure, lui permettant de faire entrer largement sa jurisprudence dans les établissements pénitentiaires, a contraint le juge administratif français à revoir, de manière très profonde, sa jurisprudence consacrée aux mesures d’ordre intérieur et, sur le fond, à imposer la dignité humaine comme un principe matriciel à l’aune duquel l’ensemble desdroits fondamentaux des personnes détenues doit désormais être appréhendé. Elle a également influencé le législateur sur le vote de lois sur la privation de liberté, telles que la loi pénitentiaire de 2009. Sous inspiration européenne, mais également dans le cadre d’une dynamique interne de promotion générale des droits des administrés, la saisine de la vie en détention par le droit public a, dès lors, contribué au renforcement des droits accordés aux détenus (encadrement des sanctions et des mesures préventives de sécurité – mise à l’isolement et fouilles au corps notamment –, droit à la vie, droit au respect de sa vie privée et familiale, ou encore liberté de conscience et de religion...) et à uneréparation plus aisée des préjudices qui leur sont causés par l’activité pénitentiaire.Toutefois, de nombreux obstacles demeurent à la progression de l’état de droit en prison. En effet, la persistance de conditions de détention indignes et les limites à la mise en oeuvre de ces droits, à leur protection par le juge ou à leur application par l’administration posent la question de leur effectivité et de leur conformité aux standards européens établis par le juge de StrasbourgAs from the early 2000s, the European Court of Human Rights started to give unprecedentedlegal effect and meaning to the principle of human dignity applied to conditions of detention, drawing, when doing so, in particular on Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights prohibiting torture and inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment. This major development, which has enabled the Court to have its case law implemented to a significant extent in prisons, has forced French administrative courts to fully review their case law concerning internal measures and, in substance, to impose human dignity as a framework principle in the light of which all fundamental rights of detainees must henceforth be considered. This major development has also influenced the lawmaker when voting on laws concerning the deprivation of liberty, such as the Prisons Act of 2009.Under this European influence, but also as part of an internal movement concerning the general promotion of citizens rights, the referral, to courts of public law, of matters pertaining to prison life, has, since its inception, led to a reinforcement of the rights granted to detainees (framework for sanctions and preventive security measures - solitary confinement and body searches in particular - the right to life, the right to respect for privacy and family life, freedom of conscience and of religion, etc.) and facilitated compensation for damages caused to detainees by a penitentiary authorities.However, many obstacles remain to establishing constitutionality for detainees. Indeed, thepersistence of inhuman conditions of detention, and the limits applied on exercising detainees’ rights, and to ensuring that these rights are protected by a court of law or are implemented by Administration, raise the question of their effectiveness and of their compliance with European standards as set down by the Strasbourg Court
3
Carvajal, Sanchez Bernardo Andrés. "Le principe de dignité de la personne humaine en droit public colombien et français." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010279.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La dignité de la personne humaine est un principe constitutionnel en Colombie et en France. Sa juridicisation s'avère aussi nécessaire que problématique. Si la dignité humaine est une valeur d'origine extra-juridique, il n'en est pas moins vrai qu’elle constitue aussi une norme de droit fondamental, c'est-à-dire d'un principe matériel que tous les pouvoirs doivent optimiser au sein des ordres juridiques. Ce principe est indéterminé, mais déterminable. Il faut donc préciser son sens normatif pour le distinguer et concilier avec d'autres principes comme la liberté, l'égalité ou la solidarité. Les significations normatives qui en découlent assurent sa protection positive, de même que sa protection négative. La première se résume dans l'obligation générique de respecter la personne humaine et de considérer son humanité, alors que la deuxième s'explique par trois modalités d'atteinte à la dignité humaine (humiliation, réification, exclusion). L'analyse comparative du principe peut dès lors se prolonger dans la constitution sociale et dans la constitution politique, et dans sa mise en œuvre par l'administration et par les juges. Cette norme objective se retrouve dans la loi et le règlement, ainsi que dans la protection. De l'ordre public ou la prestation de certains services publics. Elle sert au juge constitutionnel de norme. . De référence, d'interprétation et d'inspiration d'autres normes. Elle est la source de droits subjectifs protégés par toutes les autorités juridictionnelles et peut devenir, sous certaines conditions, un droit fondamental subjectif.
4
Perera, Sandrine. "Le principe de liberté en droit public français." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette recherche sur le principe de liberté tend à interroger la liberté en tant qu'elle est un principe, pour tenter de déterminer son sens, sa valeur et sa portée. La première partie («Un principe positivement mal assuré») repose sur une observation du droit positif, spécialement sur la façon dont celui-ci pose la liberté comme principe, afin de saisir le ou les sens qu'il lui donne, tout en observant ses évolutions réelles ou possibles. D'une part, le principe est appréhendé en tant que fondement de l'ordre juridique. D'autre part, il est considéré en tant que norme qui prévaut par principe. Mais tout au long de cette première partie, l'observation et la réflexion s'attachent à déceler les raisons de l'absence de reconnaissance explicite du principe de liberté comme tel. Ces raisons tiennent certainement à certains contextes doctrinaux ou théoriques, à des craintes pratiques, et à une évolution du sens commun de la liberté, qui s'éloigne de son sens initial, celui donnée par la Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen de 1789. La seconde partie (« Le principe de liberté : un principe juridiquement nécessaire») entend d'abord démontrer la nécessité de pleinement reconnaître le principe de liberté comme principe de droit, c'est-à-dire comme norme de droit positif. Cette reconnaissance permettrait en effet une meilleure saisie du fonctionnement de l'ordre juridique, du fondement des normes, et de l'engendrement de nouvelles normes, notions ou mécanismes procéduraux. Cette reconnaissance assurerait également une reconsidération de l'encadrement du principe de liberté. Ensuite, et plus fondamentalement, cette seconde partie vise aussi à attester que la liberté est un principe du droit, c'est-à-dire qu'elle est, plus généralement, nécessaire à l'existence du droit en tant que tel et à la reconnaissance totale d'un principe positif de liberté. Le principe de liberté est alors considéré d'un point de vue ontologiqueThis research on the principle of freedom explores freedom as a principle, and endeavors to determine its meaning, value and scope. The first part ("A positively uncertain principle") draws on an observation of substantive law, particularly the way in which it lays down freedom as a principle, in order to grasp the meaning(s) this gives it, while observing its actual or possible developments. First, the principle is explored as a basis of the legal system. Second, it is considered as a standard that prevails on principle. But a series of observations and thoughts throughout the first part aim to explain why there is no explicit recognition of the freedom principle as such. The reasons for this certainly stem from various doctrinal or theoretical contexts, practical fears, and changes in the commonly-perceived meaning of freedom, which has moved away from the original sense given to it by the1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. The second part ("The principle of freedom : a legally necessary principle") sets out initially to demonstrate the need to acknowledge the freedom principle fully as a principle of law as it is laid down, i.e. as a standard of substantive law. This recognition would enable a better grasp of the way the legal system works, the rationale for standards, and the generation of new procedural standards, concepts and mechanisms. This recognition would also ensure a reappraisal of the framework of the freedom principle. Following this, the second part aims to show that, more fundamentally, freedom is also a principle of ontological Law, i.e. that it is necessary as a whole to the existence of law itself, and to the total recognition of a positive principle of freedom. The freedom principle is then examined from an ontological standpoint
5
Maurer, Béatrice. "Le principe de respect de la dignité humaine et la Convention Européenne des Droits de l'Homme." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les notions de dignité humaine, de respect , voire de principe, sont à la mode, mais leur conceptualisation ne paraît pas toujours assurée en droit. Ayant adopté pour voie de recherche la CEDH, le premier constat qui s'impose est l'absence du principe de l'écrit de la convention et la quasi absence de sa jurisprudence. Il convient donc d'élargir la recherche afin de démontrer la juridicité du principe mettant en oeuvre la convention, les organes chargés de son contrôle bénéficient en effet de multiples apports, matériels s'agissant des droits nationaux, formels s'agissant du droit international général. Le principe sera juridique si l'on parvient à répondre à la question de ses sources et à celle de son utilité du point de vue des sources, les apports matériels de l'histoire de la pensée se révèlent exceptionnels justifiant en particulier sa double dimension. Sa mise en oeuvre dans les ordres juridiques internes des états parties à la CEDH participe à l'enrichissement du contenu du principe et à son élaboration positive au niveau international. Car si le droit international écrit ne parvient pas à fonder la positivité du principe, la théorie des principes généraux de droit semble y parvenir. S'agissant de l'utilité, la recherche se révèle très riche. Le principe a une fonction interprétative déterminante. Expression du but de la CEDH, il constitue un principe matériel d'interprétation qui fonde une interprétation concrète et téléologique exceptionnelle de ce texte. Mais, la mise en oeuvre de ce principe ambivalent au cas d'espèce se révèle complexe, il convient de préciser ses différentes fonctions par l'examen concret des articles de la CEDH.
6
Lelieur-Fischer, Juliette. "La règle ne bis in idem : du principe de l'autorité de la chose jugée au principe d'unicité d'action répressive : étude à la lumière des droits français, allemand et européen." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010318.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La thèse montre que la règle ne bis in idem, aujourd'hui considérée comme un aspect du principe de l'autorité de la chose jugée, ne parvient pas à remplir ses fonctions de protection de la sécurité juridique individuelle et collective. En effet, le principe de l'autorité de la chose jugée a pour fonction première de veiller à la préservation du crédit de la justice, ce qui ne l'amène qu'incidemment à œuvrer en faveur de la sécurité juridique. Par conséquent, la règle ne bis in idem doit être détachée du principe de l'autorité de la chose jugée. Afin de redéfinir les contours de son application, il convient de l'asseoir sur un fondement juridique adéquat, le principe d'unicité d'action répressive envers la même personne pour les mêmes faits. Porteur du droit fondamental à l'unicité d'action répressive pour les mêmes faits, le principe d'unicité d'action répressive repose sur la dignité humaine. Il permet une application harmonieuse de la règle ne bis in idem dans l'Union européenne.
7
Gimeno, Cabrera Véronique. "Le principe de dignité de la personne humaine dans la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel français et du Tribunal constitutionnel espagnol." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Principe éthique, le principe du respect de dignité de la personne humaine a été intégré dans le Droit par les constitutions et les traités internationaux adoptés après la seconde Guerre Mondiale. La France s'en distingue car elle fait entrer le principe dans le droit positif seulement en 1994, lors de l'analyse de la constitutionnalité des lois de bioéthique. Depuis, le principe de dignité a été étendu à d'autres domaines suscitant, parfois, de vives réactions de la doctrine. L'étude des ordres juridiques français et espagnol met en valeur les différentes possibilités d'intégrer un principe philosophique dans le droit positif et les modes d'articulation du principe de dignité de la personne humaine avec les droits fondamentaux. En effet, la comparaison des jurisprudences du Conseil constitutionnel français et du Tribunal constitutionnel espagnol montre que le principe de dignité n'entre pas dans la catégorie des droits fondamentaux, mais dans celle des principes interprétatifs. La notion de dignité, une fois transposée dans le droit, devient alors un moyen de faire converger l'ensemble des droits fondamentaux vers l'idéal du respect de la personne humaine. Cependant, si ce principe est fort utile pour concilier les droits fondamentaux, il peut également se révéler dangereux. En outre, le caractère équivoque de la notion permet parfois au juge de dissimuler sous une forme juridique, une règle morale. La dimension polysémique de la dignité constitue à la fois sa principale force et sa principale faiblesse car cette notion permet de fonder tout et son contraire, au risque de semer le désordre dans l'ordre juridique.
8
EVAIN, STEPHANIE. "Le principe de sauvegarde de la dignite et le respect de l'identite de la personne humaine en droit public francais." Cergy-Pontoise, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CERG0068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La decision du conseil constitutionnel du 27 juillet 1994 relative aux lois dites de bioethique a conduit a constitutionnaliser le << principe de sauvegarde de la dignite de la personne humaine >>, et de maniere plus generale a << positiver >> la notion de dignite attachee a la personne dont les termes avaient jusqu'alors une connotation plus philosophique et theologique que juridique. Ayant ainsi franchi les limites de l'ordre ethique pour parvenir dans la sphere du droit, la notion de dignite a vocation a devenir la notion servant d'eclairage a la portee des droits et libertes dont la personne humaine peut jouir. L'exploration de la constitutionnalisation de la dignite de la personne humaine, et a fortiori de sa juridicisation, permet alors de rendre compte du processus d'elaboration du principe a valeur constitutionnelle d'une part et de sa portee juridique d'autre part. Les arrets du 27 octobre 1995 du conseil d'etat relatifs aux spectacles de << lancers de nain>> sont a cet egard une illustration d'une << transposition >> du principe constitutionnel. << degage >> comme principe commun aux regles impliquant le respect de l'identite physique commune aux etres humains ( respect de la vie et du corps humains), le principe de sauvegarde de la dignite de la personne est encore exploite comme principe fondateur d'une protection de l'etre dans sa dimension economique et sociale, notamment d'un droit d'obtenir des moyens convenables d'existence. Cette qualite de principe fondateur et federateur de l'ensemble des droits de l'homme est finalement affectee et soumise a la controverse des que l'invocation d'un << droit a la dignite >>, juridiquement inconcevable, prevaut sur celle d'un droit dont la dignite serait le fondement. L'exploitation de la dignite comme moyen de revalorisation de certains droits ( autrement dit comme principe de << dernier recours >>) est par ailleurs porteuse d'ambiguites, lorsque le droit positif s'efforce de l'employer comme instrument d'evaluation d'un seuil minimal de protection. Le << retour au sens du droit >>, promis par la juridicisation de la notion de dignite de la personne, risque d'etre altere par la multiplication des sens et des formes qui sont conferes a cette notion.
9
Genonceau, Cassandre. "Les droits du migrant en mer." Thesis, Brest, 2022. http://theses-scd.univ-brest.fr/2022/These-2022-SML-Droit_prive-GENONCEAU_Cassandre.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Alors que les flux migratoires « spontanés » sont en recrudescence depuis le début du XXIe siècle, la mer est devenue le théâtre d’un drame humanitaire qui semble sans fin. Sur toutes les façades maritimes européennes, les décès ou disparitions de migrants demeurent fréquents du fait de conditions de transport extrêmes, le plus souvent liées au trafic dont ils sont l’objet, ou de manoeuvres dangereuses opérées à l’occasion de leur arraisonnement. Au risque de perdre la vie en mer s’ajoutent des atteintes répétées à la dignité et à la liberté du migrant imputables à certains États côtiers de départ et de destination qui cherchent à interrompre sa navigation, y compris lorsqu’il manifeste un besoin de protection internationale. Si la lutte contre l’immigration irrégulière ou la criminalité organisée constitue un motif légitime d’interception en vertu du droit international de la mer, les actions (recours abusif à la force, refoulement, expulsion collective, privation arbitraire de liberté) et inactions (refus de coordonner un sauvetage ou de coopérer au débarquement des rescapés dans un lieu sûr) de certains États dans cet espace constituent une grave méconnaissance des droits de l’Homme, du droit des réfugiés et du droit relatif à la sauvegarde de la vie humaine en mer. Le comportement des acteurs privés du monde maritime peut également se révéler préjudiciable au migrant en détresse, rescapé ou passager clandestin. Le constat ainsi dressé impose de réfléchir à la manière d’assurer la jouissance et l’exercice effectifs des droits du migrant en mer. À cet égard, la présente thèse se propose de résoudre des problématiques insuffisamment ou non appréhendées par le droit positif : elles concernent la teneur et la portée du droit fondamental d’émigrer appliqué à l’espace maritime, la question de la licéité d’un refus de débarquement opposé à un migrant rescapé, ou encore l’incapacité apparente des juridictions supranationales à contrôler les pratiques d’États européens qui tentent de diluer leur responsabilité à l’égard du migrant en mer dans celle d’États tiersWhile “spontaneous” migratory flows are on the increase since the beginning of the 21st century, the sea has become the scene of a humanitarian drama that seems endless. On all the European seaboards, the deaths or disappearances of migrants remain frequent due to extreme transport conditions, most often linked to the smuggling in which they are the object, or dangerous maneuvers carried out during their boarding. In addition to the risk of losing their life at sea, there are repeated attacks on the dignity and freedom of the migrant attributable to certain coastal States of departure and destination which seek to interrupt his navigation, including when he requires international protection. The fight against irregular immigration or organized crime constitutes a legitimate reason for interception under the international law of the sea; however, the actions (abusive use of force, refoulement, collective expulsion, arbitrary deprivation of liberty) and inactions (refusal to coordinate a rescue or to cooperate in the disembarkation of the survivors in a place of safety) of some states in this space constitute a serious disregard for human rights, refugee law and the law relating to the safeguard of human life in sea. The behavior of private users of the sea can also be detrimental to migrants in distress, survivors or stowaways. This observation requires to think about how to ensure the effective enjoyment and exercise of the rights of migrants at sea. In this respect, the thesis proposes to resolve issues that are insufficiently or not apprehended by positive law and which concern the content and scope of the fundamental right to emigrate applied to the maritime space, the question of the legality of a refusal to disembark opposed to a surviving migrant, or the apparent inability of supranational jurisdictions to control the practices of European States which attempt to dilute their responsibility with regard to the migrant at sea in that of third States
10
Lagarde, Emmanuelle. "Le principe d'autonomie personnelle. Etude sur la disposition corporelle en droit européen." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU2003/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’autonomie personnelle a été consacrée par la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme comme principe interprétatif des garanties de la Convention, et tout particulièrement de l’article 8, qui protège le droit au respect de la vie privée. Dans ce domaine, le principe d’autonomie personnelle implique « le droit de disposer de son corps », incluant « des activités (…) d’une nature physiquement ou moralement dommageables ou dangereuses pour la personne ». Ce principe a été « emprunté » au droit nord-américain par le juge de Strasbourg, pour être opportunément intégré au corpus de la Convention. En effet, celui-ci souhaite marquer la libéralisation du droit au respect de la vie privée européen, justifiant une disposition corporelle absolutiste. Or, le droit interne est censé accueillir le principe d’autonomie personnelle, et donc, de loin en loin, admettre celle-ci, malgré son attachement à un encadrement strict des possibilités d’utiliser son corps. Toutefois, en dépit de ses virtualités, le principe d’autonomie personnelle est doublement limité. En effet, s’agissant du droit européen, ce principe conduit à fonder le droit au respect de la vie privée sur une conception subjective de la dignité, ontologiquement « a normative ». S’agissant du droit français, nonobstant les possibilités toujours plus nombreuses de disposer de son corps, la réception aboutie du principe semble compromise par un ordre public corporel pérenne. Au total, le principe d’autonomie personnelle ne semble menacer, pour l’heure, ni la stabilité de la Convention, ni l’équilibre jusque-là sauvegardé entre la disposition corporelle et l’ordre public y afférant en droit français. Néanmoins, ce constat invite à la modestie, au regard des enjeux scientifiques et politiques toujours plus pressants que suscite l’accès à l’humainThe personal autonomy was consecrated by the European court of human rights as an interpretation principle of the guarantees of the Convention, and especially the article 8, protecting the right to respect for private life. In this field, the principle of personal autonomy implicates « the right to use one’s own body » including « activities (…) physically or morally harmful or dangerous for the person ». This principle was « borrowed » from north american right by the judge of Strasbourg, to be integrated to the corpus of the Convention with opportunity. Indeed, he wants to mark the liberalization of the european right to respect for private life, justifying an absolutist body using. Yet, the french right is supposed to welcome the principle of personal autonomy, and so, admit this one, despite its severe supervision of the possibilities of body using. Nevertheless, in the face of its virtualities, the principle of personal autonomy is limited in two ways. Indeed, concerning european right, this principle leads to justify the right to respect for private life on a subjective conception of dignity, intrinsically « no normative ». Concerning the french right, in spite of the possibilities always more importants of body using, the reception with success of the principle seems impaired by a perennial public order. Finally, the principle of personal autonomy doesn’t seem to threaten, for now, nor the stability of the Convention, neither the balance safeguarded until now between the body using and the public order concerning it in french right. However, this constatation invites to self-effacement, regarding to scientific and political issues always more pressing that human access sparks off
11
Thériault, Yancey. "La pénalisation de l’exercice de la liberté d’expression et la portée du principe de dignité humaine quant aux infractions d’opinion : étude comparée des systèmes canadien et français." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67086.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thèse en cotutelle : Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Université de Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France)Cet écrit propose d’abord une analyse de l’évolution récente de la répression de l’expression par le droit pénal canadien et le droit pénal français. L’étude des changements relatifs aux infractions d’opinion révèle deux tendances générales, soit, d’une part, une augmentation de la portée de l’arsenal législatif en la matière et, d’autre part, une diminution de ses effets judiciaires. Constatant la recrudescence concomitante du principe de dignité humaine en matière de liberté d’expression, l’auteur s’intéresse ensuite à une potentielle relation causale entre ce phénomène et les tendances préalablement identifiées. Écartée en tant que limite autonome à la liberté d’expression, la dignité humaine fondamentale peut encore être prise en compte, en France, dans la balance des intérêts en présence et, au Canada, pour déterminer si le propos litigieux est susceptible de susciter la haine. Après une tentative nécessaire de clarification de la nature et de la portée du principe de dignité humaine, il s’avère que son inclusion dans une forme ou une autre de contrôle de proportionnalité ne parvient pas à dissoudre les problèmes inhérents à la notion même de dignité humaine, en particulier ceux relatifs à son caractère indéfini et absolu. Ce constat suggère qu’elle aurait mieux fait de demeurer ce qu’elle était initialement destinée à être, c’est-à-dire un principe fondateur de l’ordre juridique. Devant l’impossibilité d’établir un lien de causalité entre la résurgence du principe de dignité humaine en matière de liberté d’expression et la densification de l’arsenal répressif, l’auteur soumet, en fin d’analyse, l’hypothèse selon laquelle ces deux phénomènes sont plutôt des symptômes distinctifs d’un changement sociojuridique en faveur d’une protection plus étendue du pluralisme.
This paper first offers an analysis of recent developments in the repression of expression by Canadian criminal law and French criminal law. The study of changes in public opinion offences reveals two general trends, namely, on the one hand, an increase in the scope of the legislative arsenal in this area and, on the other hand, a decrease in its judicial effects. Noticing the concomitant upsurge of the principle of human dignity in matters of freedom of expression, the author then explores the potential causal relationship between this phenomenon and the trends previously identified. Disregarded as an autonomous limit of freedom of expression, fundamental human dignity can still be taken into account, in France, in the balance of interests and, in Canada, to determine whether the disputed statement is likely to arouse hatred. After a necessary attempt to clarify the nature and scope of the principle of human dignity, it turns out that its inclusion in some form of proportionality control fails to dissolve the problems inherent in the very notion of human dignity, particularly those relating to its indefinite and absolute essence. This finding suggests that it would have been better to remain what it was originally intended to be, namely a founding principle of the legal order. Facing the impossibility of establishing a causal link between the resurgence of the principle of human dignity in matters of freedom of expression and the densification of the repressive arsenal, the author submits, at the end of his analysis, the hypothesis that these two phenomena are rather distinctive symptoms of a socio-legal change in favour of a more extensive protection of pluralism.
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Brillat, Manuela. "Le principe de non-discrimination à l'épreuve des rapports entre droits européens." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Appréhendée aussi comme un idéal, l’égalité se décline juridiquement à travers le principe de non- discrimination. Étudié par le prisme du droit européen, il se révèle être un exemple significatif des difficultés mais aussi des potentialités des relations entre les deux principaux espaces juridiques européens : le Conseil de l’Europe et l’Union européenne. La Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, le Comité européen des droits sociaux ainsi que la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne affichent une apparente homogénéité derrière laquelle se cachent des réalités différentes qui fragilisent le principe de non-discrimination et affaiblissent son rôle pourtant central dans le renforcement du droit européen des droits de l’homme. Ce principe doit ainsi être redéfini afin de retrouver une pleine efficacité en tenant compte du fait que son interprétation ne peut différer d’un espace européen à l’autre. Ce défi majeur conduit à analyser en quoi consiste précisément, pour l’Europe, le caractère axiologique du principe de non-discriminationAlso perceived as an ideal, equality finds its legal incarnation in the non-discrimination principle. When examined through the European prism, it reveals its full meaning in terms of difficulties, but also of potential, for the relations between the two main European legal systems : the Council of Europe and the European Union. The European Court of Human Rights, the European Committee of Social Rights as well as the Court of Justice of the European Union, behind the apparent similarity displayed, harbour different realities, thus underming the non-discrimination principle and weakening its key role in the defence of European human rights law. In order to restore its full effectivness, this principle should be redefined, bearing in mind that its interpretation cannot change from one European legal system to another. This major challenge leads to the analysis of the exact implications, for Europe, of the cornerstone function played by the non-discrimination principle
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Poudensan, Isabelle. "Essai sur l'évolution de l'ordre public à partir de son application en matière médicale et biomédicale ou vers un ordre public de gestion ?" Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU2017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La révolution médicale et biomédicale engagée sur fond de globalisation et mondialisation des échanges oblige notamment à repenser l'homme en tant qu'individu et membre de l'espèce humaine. Elle produit un droit nouveau à la croisée des logiques républicaine et marchande, le droit médical et biomédical, une démocratie nouvelle, la démocratie sanitaire. L'ordre public constitue l'instrument privilégié par les pouvoirs publics pour cette redistribution politique et juridique du pouvoir sur le vivant. Il y parvient d'autant mieux qu'il se voit enrichi des composantes de dignité, de sécurité et de précaution (Partie I) à la base d'obligations déontologiques puis jurisprudentielles qu'elles soient civiles ou administratives à l'origine de nouveaux droits subjectifs du malade. L'ordre public s'avère politiquement correct car dénué de connotations morales ou religieuses et juridiquement efficace car apte à concilier des intérêts d'ordre général, local mais aussi particulier, universel, d'actualité et à venir auxquels la société accorde de l'importance. Cette potentialisation inédite et non stabilisée conduit à s'interroger sur le mode gestionnaire de cet ordre public à valeurs ajoutées (seconde partie) dont la cohérence, l'efficacité et la légitimité relèvent moins du sens directif ou protecteur que de la recherche de consensus, par ajustements successifs. Il s’ensuit un ordre public plus doux, plus consensuel, opérationnel au secteur d'activité médicale ou biomédicale qui mieux accepté voire attendu va dans le sens voulu par la gouvernance à l'œuvre, portée par la démocratie sanitaire, sorte de partenariat entre malades, professionnels de santé et pouvoirs publicsThe medical and biomedical revolution engaged on a background of globalisation and mondialisation notably, obliges to rethink man as an individual and a member of the human race. It produces a new right at the intersection of the civil and administrative rights and a new democracy, the sanitary democracy. The public orderconstitues the instrument privilegied bye the autorities for this legal and political redistribution of the power on the alive. It does succeed since it gets enriched bye the principles of dignity, safety and precaution (first part) implying ethical, then jurisprudential obligations whether they are civil or administrative then at the origin of new subjective rights for the patient. The public order so strengthened turns out to be both politically correct as it is deprived of moral or religious connotations and legally effective as it is able to reconciling the general, local but also peculiar, universal, current or yet to come interests, to which the society attaches importance. This new and unstabilised potentialisation forces to wonder about the emergence of a management public order (second part), softer, more consensual, operationnal in the sector of medical and biomedical activity, which coherence, efficiency and legitimacy come less from protection than from the search of a consensus. The public order, then better accepted, or even expeted, goes in the direction wanted by the gouvernance, helped bye the sanitary democracy, sort of partnership between the tree actors, the patients, the professionals of health and the public authorities
14
Kadem, Sabine. "Le droit du plus faible comme principe d'interprétation judiciaire en droit civil de la personne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La faiblesse est partout et touche tout le monde. Lorsqu’elle se trouve dévoilée serévèle la vulnérabilité. Et c’est dans ce moment là que la faiblesse doit être qualifiéejuridiquement. Or comme toute qualification, elle doit obéir à des règles. Ces règles s’imposentà la présente étude comme premier fondement analytique. C’est en effet en partant du droitprivé, celui de la personne, que de premières règles garantissant les droits de « l’Homme »peuvent être identifiées. Celles-ci ont pour objet ce qui fait l’être humain, dans sa faiblesse.Elles en donnent une forme de définition, juridique, mais sans toute la profondeur d’uneapproche autrement que systémique, voire parfois systématique, au sens d’une régulationadministrativiste des droits. C’est aux entrecroisements théoriques, qui fondent la règle dedroit, que l’on peut saisir des hypothèses faisant être la règle de droit. Toutefois, c’est dans lapensée sous-jacente, que seul un langage de philosophie du droit saura révéler, le lieu où lafaiblesse trouvera sa correspondance la plus exigeante. Là elle rejoint les langagesontologique et métaphysique, qui font qu’elle « existe » au-delà de toute qualification juridique.D’une approche de philosophie du droit on retiendra donc que le droit du plus faible obéit àplusieurs règles communes, relevant d’une forme d’universalité, et que celles-ci peuventtrouver une véritable traduction en droit positif. C’est une forme de typologie de la faiblesseque l’on retrouve le plus souvent en pratique dans le discours du juge. C’est en invoquant lasentence du juge, dans sa souveraine interprétation judiciaire, que la faiblesse prend sadernière forme, celle que la personne se doit d’accepter pour faire valoir un droitThe weakness is everywhere and affects everybody. When she is revealed, showsitself the vulnerability. A this moment she must be legally qualified. Yet, as any qualification,her has to obey rules. So these impose upon the present study as first analytica l foundation.Indeed while leaving of the private law, that of the person, of first rules guaranteeing the rightsof " the Man " can be identified. These have for object what makes the human being, in hisweakness, in a way gives a shape of definition, legal, but without all the depth of an approachthan what systematism, even sometimes systematic, in the sense of a regulation“administrativiste” rights. It is in the theoretical intertwinings, that base the legal rule, whichwe can seize with hypotheses making the legal rule be. However, it is in the underlyingthought, that only a language of philosophy of the right/law will know how to reveal, that theweakness will find its most demanding correspondence. There she joins the ontological andmetaphysical languages, which make that she "exists". Of an approach of philosophy of theright/law we shall thus retain that the right of the weakest obeys several common rules, andbeing of a shape of universality, and that these can find a real translation in substant ive law. Itis a shape of typology of the weakness that we find most of the time in practice in the speechof the judge. While calling upon the judgment of the judge, in his ruler judicial interpretation,the weakness take its last shape, the one that the person owes accept to assert to right a“right”
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Papanikolaou, Chryssi. "Le principe de l'État social : étude sur les limites de l'activité législative en droit comparé français et hellénique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La Constitution française consacre la « République sociale » et la Constitution hellénique reconnaît « l’État de droit social ». Si le principe de l’État social a jusqu’à aujourd’hui été amplement appréhendé par les études doctrinales dans les deux États analysés en tant que principe indéterminé au « contenu normatif faible », l’intérêt de l’étude porte sur la possibilité de l’envisager autrement. Étudié́ dans le cadre du normativisme, qui nous impose d’envisager toutes les normes en tant que normes obligatoires, il convient de ne plus contester la force normative du principe en question mais de déterminer son sens. C’est ainsi qu’on sera finalement en position de savoir quel niveau matériel de vie les constituants de ces deux États ont garanti aux individus lorsqu’ils ont qualifié́ les États de sociaux. L’étude part du postulat selon lequel un État est social à partir du moment où il dispose en son sein de fondements qui habilitent, obligent et interdisent des actions spécifiques au législateur. Les normes constitutives de l’État social posent ainsi des limites à la production législative. Envisagées d’un point de vue positif, les normes fondatrices de l’État social habilitent le législateur à améliorer les conditions matérielles de vie des individus, sans nullement le contraindre. Le législateur concrétise le principe de l’État social dans un sens positif, tout en étant libre d’obligations positives. Le seul « obstacle » à la création de nouvelles prestations est, ainsi, l’impossibilité de contrôler l’inaction législative ; un élément qui constitue une limite intrinsèque au principe de l’État social. Vues d’un point de vue négatif, les normes constitutives de l’État social permettent au législateur de restreindre l’accès aux prestations, mais lui interdisent de neutraliser le principe. Les actions de concrétisation négative qui équivaudraient à une suppression de l’État social sont prohibées. Il s’ensuit qu’un minimum de législation sociale doit toujours être préservé tant que la Constitution qualifie l’État de social. De ce point de vue, les fondements normatifs de l’État social protègent le noyau essentiel du principe ou, autrement dit, garantissent ses contre-limitesFrench Constitution guarantees the “Social Republic,” the Greek constitution recognizes the « Social Rule of law ». If the principle of the Social State is to this day apprehended by the authors of both states as an undetermined principle of “low content of normativity,” this study’s focus offers a different perspective on the matter. If we study this principle in the context of normativism, we will be forced to view all norms as obligatory, and we will no longer contest its normative value but focus on determining its meaning. Only in this way we will be in the position of knowing what material level of life the constituents of the two states reserved for the individual, when they qualified the states as social. The study assumes that a state is social when it possesses the foundations that habilitate, oblige and prohibit the legislator from specific actions. The constitutive norms of the social state impose limits at the legal production. Seen at a positive perspective, the fundamental norms of the social state allows the legislator to improve the material conditions of life of the individuals without any constraints. The legislator concretizes the principle of the social state in a positive sense while being free from positive obligations. The only obstacle to the creation of new benefits is the impossibility to control legal inactivity; it constitutes an intrinsic limit to the principle of the social state. Seen from a negative perspective, the constitutive norms of the social state allow the legislator to limit the access to benefits but prohibit the neutralization of the principle. The actions of negative concretization that would lead to the annulation of the social state are prohibited. It follows that a minimum of social legislation should be maintained as long as the Constitution qualifies the state as social. At this angle, the normative foundations of the social state protect the essential core of the principle or, in other words, its counter- limits
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VARELA, FILOMENO ESPIRITO SANTO GOMES. "HUMAN DIGNITY AS A CATALIZER PRINCIPLE OF CONSTITUTIONAL UNITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3984@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORSuperado está o paradigma metodológico positivista, que chegava à norma tomando como pressuposto tão só o Direito posto validamente, segundo a lógica de cima para baixo. Face às plúrimas, e cada vez mais complexas, demandas suscitadas pelas sociedades nacionais, e pelo próprio Direito, e também em atenção aos impactos dos fatos e forças regionais, supranacionais e internacionais, surge no âmbito do pensamento jurídico o movimento denominado póspositivismo, o qual incorpora outros elementos ao Direito, como, v. g., valores, princípios, políticas, diretrizes, procedimentos e argumentos. Concebidos assim o Direito Constitucional e o Direito da Constituição (formal e conteudisticamente), impõe-se uma sua material interpretação - i. é., uma interpretação comprometida com a realização de valores -; uma leitura também de baixo para cima, uma leitura que enxerga o Direito Constitucional não só na perspectiva ab intra, mas também, naquela outra: ab extra. Isto se justifica no fato de a Constituição ser concebida como ordem de valores. Nesta platéia ocupam um assento de destaque as Cortes Constitucionais, às quais cabe, por último, decidir sobre a constitucionalidade das leis e atos outros dos poderes públicos; se tais atos são assimiladores das aspirações e valores individuais e compartilhados intersubjetivamente. No que especificamente toca aos Direitos Fundamentais, impende reconhecer que o princípio da dignidade da Pessoa Humana, com todo o seu vigor deôntico nos articulados 1°, III, da Constituição da Rep. Fed. do Brasil de 1988, e 1°, da Constituição da Rep. Portuguesa de 1976, além da dicção do artigo 1° da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos de 1948, tornou-se o epicentro do extenso catálogo de direitos com status de fundamentalidade, na sua dualidade: direitos, liberdades e garantias, e direitos sociais, econômicos e culturais; e, também, outros conceitos constitucionais de conteúdo aberto ou 0 indeterminado, os quais irradiam seus efeitos para toda ordem jurídica subconstitucional. Mesmo em situações de colisão ou conflito de interesses e pretensões nas quais se impõe a aplicação do catálogo tópico dos princípios de interpretação constitucional, máxime a proporcionalidade, o princípio dos princípios, é um imperativo ético e de consciência impor àquele que sofre limitação ou restrição quanto ao gozo e exercício dos direitos o menor sacrifício humano possível.
The positivist methodological paradigm is overcome. It used to get to the norm taking as a presupposition solely the Law validly observed, according to the logics of head to bottom. Since we have many, and each time more complex, discussions demanded by national societies, and by the Law science itself, and also with attention to the impact of facts and regional powers, supra and international, arises related to the juridical thought the movement called postpositivism, which incorporates other elements to the Law science, such as, e.g., values, principles, politics, directions, procedures and arguments. Conceived like that, the Constitutional Law and the Law of the Constitution (both in form and content), impose a material interpretation - that is, an interpretation concerned with values accomplishment -; a reading which is also done from head tobottom, a reading which sees the Constitutional Law not only from the ad intra perspective, but also from the ab extra one. This is justified by the fact that the Constitution is conceived as an order of values. In this audience, a distinguished seat is held by the Constitutional Courts, which are supposed, at last, to decide about the constitutionality of laws and other acts related to public powers, and if such acts assimilate individual longings and values and are shared intersubjectively. Concerning Fundamental Rights, it is important to realize that the human dignity principle, with all its deonthic values in the articles 1st, III of the Brazilian Federative Constitution of 1988, and 1st of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic of 1976, together with the article 1st of the Human Rights Universal Declaration, became the epicentre of the large catalogue of rights with fundamentality status, in its duality: rights, liberties and warranties, and social, economical and cultural rights; and, also, other open or indeterminate contents constitutional concepts, which irradiate their effects to every sub-constitutional juridical order. Even in collision situations or interest conflicts and pretensions in which the application of the topic catalogue of the constitutional interpretation principles, mainly the proportionality, the principle of principles, is an ethic imperative and of consciousness to impose to the one who suffers limitation and restriction concerning freedom and exercise of rights with the lesser possible human sacrifice.
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Cuss, Stephen Andrew. "Dignity, solidarity, empowerment principles for working among the poor /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Atienza, Rodríguez Manuel. "Human Dignity and Rights of Persons with Disabilities." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123464.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, the author analyzes the impact of the Kantian concept of human dignity in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Likewise, the author elaborates a critique of the principle which argues that persons with disabilities’ individual autonomy and capacity to make decisions must be respected, regardless of the particular circumstances of the case, and finally proposes an interpretation of this principle based on the principle of equality.En el presente artículo, el autor analiza la incidencia del concepto kantiano d e d ignidad h umana e n l a C onvención I nternacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de la ONU. Asimismo, el autor realiza una crítica al principio que sostiene que deben respetarse siempre, sin importar las circunstancias particulares del caso, la autonomía individual y la capacidad de las personas con discapacidad de adoptar decisiones, y, finalmente, propone una interpretación de este principio con base al principio de igualdad.
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Van-Rompu, Brigitte. "La dignité de la personne humaine dans les relations de travail." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL20016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Né, le 27 juillet 1994, de l 'examen des lois dites bioéthiques, le principe de sauvegarde de la dignité humaine est devenu un principe tentaculaire. Il irrigue toutes les branches du droit. Le droit du travail pouvait-il échapper au phénomène ? Répondre à cette question supposait, au préalable, de cerner cette notion que d'aucuns qualifient d'insaisissable. Qu'est-ce que la dignité humaine ou plutôt qu'est-ce qu'une atteinte à la dignité humaine ? L'étude des textes et de la jurisprudence, se référant explicitement à cette notion, nous a permis de dégager les trois critères finalistes constitutifs de l'atteinte à la dignité humaine. Si le principe de sauvegarde de la dignité humaine apparaît avant tout comme un principe protecteur instaurant une éthique de la relation, nous avons pu observer également que celui-ci ne se résume pas à une fonction protectice. C'est aussi un principe directeur qui influe l'orientation générale du droit positifBorn, on July 27, 1994, of the examination of the laws known as bioethics, the principle of safeguard of humen dignity became a tentacular principle. It irrigates all the branches of the right. Could the law the labour escape the phenomenon ? To answer this questtionsupposed to determine this concept that as no the imperceptible one describes. What human dignity or rather what an attack with human dignity ? The study of the texts and jurisprudence, referring explicitly to this concept, enabled us to release the three finalists criteria constitutive of the attack to human dignity. If the principle of safeguard of human dignity appears before just like a protective principle founding an ethics of the relation, we could also observe that this one is not summarized with a protective function. It is also a guiding principle which influences the general orientation of the substantive law
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Lewis, Matthew. "A Conception of Human Dignity : A study about human dignity as a guiding moral principle in the implementation and conflict of human rights." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411680.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to develop a fruitful conception of human dignity, a conception that can be used as a guiding moral principle when trying to resolve the conflict of rights. Specifically, the question that this study attempts to answer is what is a fruitful conception of human dignity and how can it be used to deal with concrete issues pertaining to human rights? Two reports from special rapporteurs propose two different courses of action regarding the implementation of the right to protection of property, and this is the conflict that the proposed conception of human dignity tries to resolve. To develop a conception of human dignity a broad conception of human dignity is initially developed, through the usage of a Rawlsian reflective equilibrium, and it is further developed through a combination of a reflective equilibrium, examination of the conception in relation to overall coherence with the human rights tradition, and a consequence analysis. The latter is done by utilizing a consequence analysis with the aforementioned courses of action being applied in a specific case, the case of Tanzania. By using a consequence analysis, a proposed conception of human dignity and a reflective equilibrium the conception of human dignity could be developed further and contribute to resolve the specific conflict of rights that could be found in the reports of the special rapporteurs. The conclusion drawn was that both of the proposed courses of action, regarding the implementation of the right to the protection of property and in relation to the proposed conception of human dignity, had desirable and less desirable consequences. Therefore, a third way was proposed that sought to bridge the gap between both courses of action, by combining elements of both, and to strengthen the condition-dignity for the parties affected.
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DUARTE, TACIANA NOGUEIRA DE CARVALHO. "HUMAN DIGNITY AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES OF ADVERSARIAL PROCEDURES AND SPEEDY TRIAL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13488@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA dignidade da pessoa humana - qualidade intrínseca do ser humano que o define como tal - foi recepcionada em vários textos constitucionais contemporâneos, como na Constituição pátria de 1988, com o destaque de princípio inspirador de todo ordenamento jurídico. A partir do fim da segunda guerra mundial, o referido princípio foi aclamado e passou a constar em textos constitucionais de diversos países, tendo sido o marco, a inserção na Constituição Alemã de 1949. A estreita relação do aludido princípio com os direitos fundamentais, especificamente, dos princípios processuais do contraditório e celeridade merece uma investigação, que é o objeto de pesquisa do presente trabalho. O cerceamento a qualquer dos direitos fundamentais, como no caso dos princípios processuais em destaque, implica na inobservância de um princípio norteador do ordenamento - que é o da dignidade da pessoa humana. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a consulta a doutrinadores pátrios e estrangeiros. Em relação especificamente ao princípio da celeridade processual, buscou-se o levantamento sucinto, apenas a título ilustrativo, de decisões proferidas pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça acerca da matéria, bem como, de dados da Comissão de Direitos Humanos da Assembléia Legislativa do Estado de Minas Gerais. Chega-se a conclusão de que obviamente a dignidade não é concedida pelo Direito, mas as condições para sua garantia perpassam pela conquista e exercício dos direitos fundamentais, tais como o contraditório e a celeridade processual.
Human dignity, the underlying quality of the human being as thus defined, has been embodied in several contemporary constitutional texts, such as in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, setting off as the inspiring principle of the entire legal system. As of the end of World War II, this principle has been acclaimed and has been included in the constitutional texts of several countries, whose insertion in the German Constitution of 1949 became a milestone. The close relationship of this principle with fundamental rights, especially the principles of adversarial procedures and speedy trial is worth investigating, and that is the purpose of the research for this paper. The curtailment of any of the fundamental rights, such as in the case of the procedural principles brought forth herein, implies the failure to observe a guiding principle of the legal system, that is, the dignity of the human being. The research methodology for this paper was to consult doctrine-framers both from Brazil and from other countries. Specifically in regard to the principle of speedy trial, only an over-all survey was made for purposes of illustration with an overview of the decisions issued by the National Justice Council as well as data from the Human Rights Commission of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Minas Gerais. The conclusion has been reached that obviously human dignity is not set forth in Law, but the conditions for its guarantee pass through the conquests for the exercise of fundamental rights such as adversarial procedures and speedy trial.
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Orlandin, Premaor Gullo Candice <1978>. "La donazione d'organi da neonati anencefalici e il principio di dignità in giurisprudenza." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/548/.
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23
Chouaibi, Meriam. "Droits du patient : étude comparée entre la France et la Tunisie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le système juridique français accorde une grande importance aux droits du patient, essentiellement à travers la loi du 4 mars 2002. Ce texte a été construit de manière à placer le patient au centre du dispositif et à lui attribuer des droits liés à sa qualité de sujet de droit. Cette idée est quasiment absente dans la législation tunisienne. En Tunisie, la législation relative aux droits des patients est insuffisante. Il est vrai que le législateur tunisien a défini certains droits pour le patient. Cependant, ces consécrations législatives ne nous permettent pas de confirmer l’idée selon laquelle le patient est le centre de la relation médicale, particulièrement parce que le paternalisme médical trouve encore une consécration en Tunisie. L’étude comparative a montré certaines convergences entre les deux systèmes juridiques mais aussi d’importantes divergences. Ainsi, pour un pays, comme la Tunisie, dont le système sanitaire confronte des difficultés intenses non seulement sur le plan infra-structurel mais également législatif, le code de la santé publique en général et la loi du 4 mars 2002 pour les droits des malades, en particulier, peuvent constituer une source efficace pour des changements en profondeur. Cependant, si en France la loi du 4 mars 2002 occupe une place primordiale dans le corpus des règles du droit de la santé, on ne peut nier que les droits du patient confrontent aujourd’hui des difficultés de mise en œuvre. En effet, même si le souci du législateur français était de protéger au maximum les droits des patients, certaines failles restent à signalerThe french legal system attaches great importance to patient rights, mainly through the law of 4 March 2002. This text was constructed to place the patient at the center of the device and assigning the rights to as a subject of law. This idea is almost absent in tunisian law. In Tunisia, legislation on the rights of patients is inadequate : the rights of patients are devoted so scattered in several legal texts. It is true that the tunisian legislature has defined certain rights for patients. However, these legislative consecrations do not allow us to confirm the idea that the patient is the center of the medical relationship, particularly because medical paternalism still finds consecration in Tunisia. The comparative study showed some convergence between the two legal systems but also important differences. Thus, for a country like Tunisia, whose health system confronts severe difficulties not only its infrastructure but also the legislative, the code of public health in general and the law of 4 March 2002 for the rights of patients, particular, can be an effective source for in-depth changes. However, if in France the Law of 4 March 2002 occupies a prominent place in the corpus of rules of health law, there is no denying that the patient's rights today facing implementation difficulties. Even if the concern of the french parliament was to maximally protect the rights of patients, some flaws still to report
24
Grabarczyk, Katarzyna. "Les principes généraux dans la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les principes généraux du droit sont des sources non écrites du droit, exprimées ou non dans les textes, mais appliquées par la jurisprudence et dotées d'un caractère suffisant de généralité. Ils constituent un concept vigoureusement débattu, critiqué, voir contesté dans la doctrine. L'analyse de la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme invite à s'interroger sur le fait de savoir si la catégorie des « principes généraux du droit» existe également dans le système de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme. La jurisprudence de la Cour de Strasbourg ne permet pas conclure à l'existence de « principes généraux du droit» au sein de sa jurisprudence. En revanche, elle permet de mettre en exergue l'existence d'une autre catégorie, celle des « principes généraux ». Les caractéristiques propres et les spécificités de cette technique au sein de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme peuvent être mis en évidence suite à sa comparaison avec celle des « principes généraux du droit» connue dans les jurisprudences des autres juridictions et suite à la comparaison des différents ordres juridiques avec le système européen de protection des droits de l'homme.
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Razé, Laetitia. "L'âge en droit social : étude en droit européen, français et allemand." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G025/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’allongement de la durée de la vie humaine et le déficit du rapport démographique constituent de véritables défis pour les systèmes sociaux des États membres. Pour y faire face, les législateurs doivent à la fois développer une politique de protection des plus jeunes dans le cadre des relations professionnelles, tout en revisitant les logiques des seuils d’âge notamment au regard de la fin de ces relations. Cette étude a vocation à s’interroger sur l’existence d’un concept de l’âge. Fort d’une histoire culturelle, confortée par une analyse du phénomène physiologique du vieillissement par le législateur, le critère de l’âge entretient des liens particuliers avec les principes généraux du droit de l’Union, tel que le principe de la dignité humaine et le principe de l’égalité de traitement. Malgré tout, le critère de l’âge conserve une ambivalence certaine, mise en exergue à travers le principe général du droit de l’Union de non-discrimination à raison de l’âge. Cette ambivalence se manifeste plus fortement encore à l’issue des relations professionnelles, posant ainsi la question de la place de l’âge à la fin de la vie active. Ce curseur au soutien du pacte intergénérationnel, conditionnant le bénéfice de la liquidation de la pension, connaît actuellement un renouveau, dépassant les frontières des États membres. Une convergence dans le traitement de la vieillesse se crée, tendant au développement de nouvelles solidarités dans le cadre de l’entreprise (régimes professionnels d’entreprise). Il s’agit en outre de favoriser la poursuite de l’activité à un âge élevé (relèvement de l’âge légal de la retraite, décote, surcote, encadrement des régimes dérogatoires, prohibition des ruptures de la relation de travail fondée sur l’âge…) et de repenser les rapports entre les relations de travail et l’âge (cumul emploi - retraite, retraite progressive…). Ce faisant, les législateurs promeuvent un traitement de l’âge qui s’inscrit dans la problématique générale de la longévité humaine en EuropeDealing with longer life expectancy and demographic deficit is currently a huge challenge for the social system of European member states. To face this challenge, it is necessary for legislators to develop a dedicated protection policy for the young people in a business relationship context and, at the same time, to redefine age limits policy especially in business relationship termination situation.. The presented study focuses on the factuality of the « age » concept. Based on cultural history, confirmed by the legislator analysis of the physiological aging, « age » criterion is closely linked to general principles in E.U. legislation like, for example, the human dignity and the equal treatment. However, the « age » criterion still remains ambivalent which is underlined by the non-discrimination principle. This ambiguity is emphasized in business relationships which leads to the influence of the « age » in an ending working life situation. This intergenerational pact support, which influence the proceed of the pension liquidation, is currently experiencing a revival beyond E.U. member state boundaries. A converging point is achieved in old-age treatment which leads to new solidarity development schemes inside companies (like for example the company occupational scheme). An important objective is to promote the pursuance of a professional activity in order to retire later (increasing in the statutory retirement age, increment or reduce of the retirement pension, restriction of derogations, proscription of business relationship breaches if they are based on age, …) and to redefine the connection between age and business relationships (combined work and retirement, phased retirement, …). By this way, legislators promote a human longevity based age treatment in Europe
26
ALVAREZ, YAIMARA PEREZ. "THE MORAL DAMAGE AS AN INJURY TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLE OF THE HUMAN DIGNITY: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE BETWEEN THE CUBAN AND BRAZILIAN SYSTEMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32678@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A dignidade da pessoa humana é um dos fundamentos que todo Estado deve resguardar e preservar. A violação injusta de seus elementos gera irremediavelmente um dano moral que conduz ao ressarcimento da vítima, com o intuito de restabelecer a situação anterior à ocorrência do dano, colocando-a novamente no pleno desfrute dos direitos que lhe foram lesionados. No caso do Brasil, o dano moral tem reparação econômica constitucionalmente regulada, mas sua interpretação e aplicação judicial, em alguns casos, não respondem aos critérios doutrinários e constitucionais existentes, diante dos altos valores fixados a título de compensação e a inobservância dos elementos que compõem a responsabilidade civil, ressarcindo-se economicamente a maioria das demandas apresentadas. Em Cuba, encontra-se reconhecida constitucionalmente a dignidade humana como fundamento do Estado, sendo a lei primeira no sistema; não obstante, quando ocorre a ofensa de seus elementos, sua reparação se limita à retratação pública do ofensor, não se encontrando o reparo econômico como opção legítima para ressarcir o dano moral ocasionado, tornando, assim, escassas a proteção do indivíduo e a aplicabilidade do dano moral. As dificuldades que apresentam os dois países podem ser superadas a partir da valoração dos ordenamentos jurídicos como um todo, visando a reparação do dano extrapatrimonial desde a perspectiva do direito civil-constitucional, sendo possível em Cuba a reparação econômica do dano extrapatrimonial justificada nas leis e instituições que conformam o sistema; e no caso do Brasil, além da reparação pecuniária, pode-se adotar a retratação pública do ofensor como possibilidade inserida no direito de resposta.
The dignity of the human person is one of the foundations that every State must safeguard and preserve. The unjust violation of its elements irrevocably results in moral damage that leads to reimbursement of the victim, with the purpose of restoring the situation prior to the occurrence of the damage, putting him or her again in full enjoyment of the rights that were injured. In the case of Brazil, moral damages have regulated economic reparations constitutionally, but their interpretation and judicial application, in some cases, do not respond to the existing doctrinal and constitutional criteria, given the high values set as compensation and the nonobservance of elements that make up liability. In Cuba, human dignity is constitutionally recognized as the foundation of the state, being the first law in the system; nevertheless, when the offense of its elements occurs, its reparation is limited to the public retraction of the offender, not finding the economic repair as a legitimate option to reimburse the moral damage occasioned, thus making scarce the protection of the individual and the applicability of the moral damage. The difficulties presented by the two countries can be overcome by assessing the legal systems as a whole, seeking the reparation of extra-judicial damages from the perspective of civil-constitutional law, and in Cuba it is possible to obtain economic reparation for the off-balance-sheet damage justified by the laws and institutions that make up the system; and in the case of Brazil, in addition to pecuniary reparation, it is possible to adopt the public retraction of the offender as a possibility inserted in the right of reply.
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SPRICIGO, BIANCAMARIA. "La "riflessione critica" sull'illecito commesso alla luce dei principi costituzionali e della teoria generale del reato: problemi e prospettive." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1797.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La tesi si occupa del concetto di “riflessione critica” dell’autore di reato sull’illecito commesso. Secondo l’art. 27 d.P.R. 30 giugno 2000, n. 230, essa consiste in una riflessione dialogica concernente le condotte antigiuridiche e colpevoli, le correlate motivazioni, le conseguenze che discendono per l’autore medesimo e le possibili azioni di riparazione attuabili nella fase di esecuzione. La ricerca si sviluppa in cinque momenti: il primo capitolo focalizza l’attenzione sullo studio di un fondamento costituzionale del concetto di “riflessione critica”, anche al fine di una rinnovata lettura del finalismo rieducativo; il secondo capitolo mette in luce i punti di intersezione tra “riflessione critica” sull’illecito commesso e “teoria generale del reato”; il capitolo successivo offre una panoramica degli ostacoli e dei problemi operativi che impediscono la piena predisposizione di un modello responsabilizzante e che sollecitano ipotesi di riforma del sistema penale e penitenziario; nel quarto capitolo ci si sofferma sull’approfondimento delle premesse di un modello dialogico e riparativo di giustizia; quindi, il capitolo conclusivo si dedica a un’esplorazione dei confini e delle congruenze dei concetti di “rehabilitation” e “restorative justice”, per muovere oltre verso la considerazione di un modello di giustizia ispirato all’idea di “responsività” [John Braithwaite] e di “restorative justice dialogue” [Mark S. Umbreit]. In sostanza, lo studio mira a proporre un modello che faciliti, in modo dialogico e inclusivo, forme di responsabilità attiva nel settore penale.The dissertation examines how offenders deal with “critical rethinking” on their crimes. According to art. 27 d.P.R. 30 June 2000, n. 230, it consists in a dialogical reflection on the wrongdoings they committed, their motivations, the consequences that follow on for the offenders themselves, and the possible reparations during the post-sentencing phase. The study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter focuses on the research for a constitutional basis of the “critical rethinking” and for a renewed understanding of the “finalismo rieducativo” (equivalent to the rehabilitative goal). The second chapter highlights the points of intersection between the “critical rethinking” and the “general theory of crime”. The third chapter summarizes the obstacles and the operative problems that hamper the implementation of this dialogical reflection and describes hints for a possible reform of the criminal justice system, particularly with regard to the post-sentencing phase. The fourth chapter proposes an in-depth analysis of some of the basic key-concepts for the introduction of a dialogical-restorative model of justice. Finally, the fifth chapter investigates the relationship between “rehabilitation” and “restorative justice” and takes into consideration a justice model that is inspired by “responsivity” [John Braithwaite] and “restorative justice dialogue” [Mark S. Umbreit]. By means of that, the study aims at providing a framework for an active assumption of responsibility in a more dialogical and inclusive culture.
28
Villard, Erick Jacques Michel. "Essai sur l'ambivalence de l'institution hospitalière à l'aube du 21ème siècle entre humanisme et principes de réalité." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A deux siècles d'intervalle, l'hôpital est en crise. Au cœur de la Révolution française tout d'abord, des Etats Généraux à Thermidor, la "question hospitalière" s'impose entre charité et assistance mais c'est finalement la naissance de la clinique qui lui confère un régime de vérité médical structurant au cours du siècle de l'hygiénisme. Au crépuscule du 20ème siècle ensuite, une autre révolution dite biomédicale oblige le droit à rappeler à la main de la science quelle ne peut agir sans consentement. Fragment d'un régime de vérité juridique à l'origine d'un "thermidor sanitaire" qui réactive la tension critique historique entre médecine et droit quand les repères classiques des deux disciplines sont remis en cause par une dignité de la personne humaine introduite dans la loi civile. Dans ces conditions, comment "penser" l'hôpital du siècle qui s'ouvre ?Two centuries apart, crises beset the hospital. In the midst of the French Revolution first of all, from the Estates-General to Thermidor, the “hospital issue” was raised in terms of charity and social services; only with the emergence of nursing homes in the age of hygienism did it acquire a structuring set of regulations centred on medical truth. Then, on the eve of the 21st century, another revolution called biomedical compelled the legislator to remind the scientist that he cannot act without his consent. This is an insight into a regime of legal truth giving rise to a ”Thermidor of Health” which reactivates the historically critical tension between medicine and law as the conventional points of reference of the two disciplines are challenged by the introduction of the dignity of the human being into civil law. In this context, how might the hospital of this opening century be conceived ?
29
Arjoon, Surendra. "Ethics of the good : an Aristotelian-Thomistic approach to corporate governance and ethical decision-making." Thesis, Teesside University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/251433.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This integrating essay is based on an Aristotelian-Thomism in exploring ethical decisionmaking and corporate governance mechanisms to address issues of corporate deviant behaviour, and ultimately, human flourishing. Eight (8) peer-reviewed journal articles analyse the causes of moral failings of corporate governance and ethical decision-making mechanisms, and propose to address these ethical deficits: (1) Virtue Theory as a Dynamic Theory of Business proposes a meta-theory of business that links the concepts of virtues, the common good, and the dynamic economy, (2) A Communitarian Model of Business: A Natural Law Perspective offers a communitarian view of business in defining the business organisation as one that incorporates its social purpose that acknowledges the primacy of people over profits, (3) Corporate Governance: An Ethical Perspective makes the distinction between ethical and legal compliance approaches to corporate governance in arguing the necessity and importance of the former approach as a basis for an effective legal compliance culture, (4) Striking a Balance between Rules and Principles-Based Approaches for Effective Governance: A Risks-Based Approach highlights the drawbacks of an excessively heavy reliance on rules-based approaches to corporate governance, (5) Ethical Decision-Making: A Case for the Triple Font Theory offers a comprehensive, systematic, practical approach to ethical decisionmaking that attempts to integrate virtue ethics into act-oriented normative ethical theories, (6) Reconciling Situational Social Psychology with Virtue Ethics attempts to reconcile the virtue ethicssituational social psychology debate, (7) Slippery when Wet: The Real Risk in Business identifies factors that contribute to corporate deviant behaviour from both an individual and organisational perspectives, and (8) An Aristotelian-Thomistic Approach to Management Practice argues that an Aristotelian-Thomistic humanism better promotes human dignity as it corrects the dysfunctional aspects and ethical deficits than its utilitarian naturalistic humanism counterpart. The failure to integrate an Aristotelian-Thomistic understanding of the virtues and natural law ethical principles of subsidiarity, solidarity, human dignity, and the common good into business practice threatens the stability and survival of the firm since they are required to correct the dysfunctional aspects and ethical deficits of certain aspects of market behaviour.
30
CARVALHO, VALDENIA GERALDO DE. "THE LAW OF TORTURE AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: CHALLENGES THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PRINCIPLE OF HUMAN DIGNITY OF THE PERSON AND OF A DEMOCRATIC STATE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13429@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA presente pesquisa enfoca a Lei nº 9.455 de 07 de abril de 1997, popularmente conhecida como Lei de Tortura, que é investigada sob o prisma da sua eficácia para prevenir, coibir e punir os atos praticados por agentes do Sistema de Justiça Criminal contra supostos criminosos. O objeto de estudo foi selecionado por força da recorrência do fenômeno da tortura na sociedade brasileira e delimitado temporalmente entre a data da promulgação da lei, abril de 1997, até o ano de 2007, marco celebratório de uma década de vigência do aludido instrumento legal. Adotou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, como também a pesquisa de campo, para fins de aferição dos objetivos demarcados. No bojo da pesquisa está incluída a análise de processos que tramitaram perante as Varas Criminais da Comarca de Belo Horizonte e denúncias oferecidas pela Promotoria de Defesa dos Direitos Humanos pela prática de tortura por policiais. Os dados sinalizam que a eficácia da Lei de Tortura está em xeque, visto que no período de tempo investigado, não houve punição de servidores públicos acusados de tal crime. Constatou-se perante os órgãos públicos, que vigora uma certa ditadura do esquecimento, eis que nem o Ministério Público e nem a Magistratura dispõem de dados sistematizados acerca da questão.
This study focuses on the law number 9455 of 07 April 1997, popularly known as the Law of Torture, which is investigated under the prism of their effectiveness to prevent, curb and punish acts committed by agents of the Criminal Justice System against alleged criminals. The object of study was selected by the recurrence of the phenomenon of torture in Brazilian society and limited time between the date of promulgation of the law, in April 1997, by the year 2007, Marc that celebrated a decade of existence of the aforementioned legal instrument. Adopted to search Bibliographic but also to search the field, for the measurement of goals demarcated.In the midst of search is included analysis of the processes that tramited (were) before the court of Criminal District of Belo Horizonte and complaints offered by the Promoter of Human Rights by the practice of torture by police. The data indicate that the effectiveness of the Law of Torture is in check, since the time period investigated, there was no punishment of Public Servers accused of this crime. It was, before public bodies, which runs a dictatorship of oblivion, this is that neither the Public Ministry and even the judiciary have systematic data about the issue.
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Njoku, Stanislaus Ikenna. "An Exposition of The Morality of Abortion (A Catholic Church Position)." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2918.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this modern period, societal and religious groups are strongly divided regarding the acceptability of abortion. Despite so many attempts by various groups to find a middle ground, the debate on abortion still remains largely polarized, at its most dramatic point with the extreme conservatives claiming abortion to be the moral equivalent of murder and the extreme liberals see it as devoid of moral import. And this polarization is due to the legal battle that continues to shadow moral discussions. An acceptance of an ethical nuance will here play as a concession on the deeply contested question of whether abortion should be a legally protected option for a woman, and to an extent blame for the continued crudeness which can be laid at the doorstep of a moral theory itself. Apparently, the ethical literature on abortion has focused almost exclusively on the tiniest moral assessment on whether and when abortion is morally permissible. This question is a crucial one indeed and its answer is desperately sought in this thesis by exposing the position of the Catholic Church.
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Passos, Júnior Vicente da Cunha. "A tutela jurídica contra o superendividamento como aplicação do princípio da dignidade humana nas relações de crédito." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10733.
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A tutela jurídica contra o superendividamento como aplicação do princípio da dignidade humana nas relações de crédito O tema da presente pesquisa é a tutela jurídica contra o superendividamento como aplicação do princípio da dignidade humana nas relações de crédito. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é demonstrar se há uma tutela jurídica no direito brasileiro para proteger as situações do superendividamento com fundamento no princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi dividida em quatro partes. Na primeira discorreu-se sobre as mudanças ocorridas no Direito Civil devido ao processo de constitucionalização e sua influência sobre matérias de cunho privado. Na mesma parte foi demonstrado como o princípio da dignidade humana influencia a legislação ordinária e em que extensão ela pode interferir nos acordos particulares. Na segunda parte foi estudado, especificamente, o crédito, sua regulamentação na legislação, as taxas de juros. No passo seguinte, houve uma discussão sobre as transformações que ocorreram nos elementos da teoria geral dos contratos e os novos princípios decorrentes do princípio da boa-fé. Na terceira parte, a pesquisa centrou-se no superendividamento propriamente dito, seu conceito, seus elementos caracterizadores, sua classificação, regulamentação legal em países estrangeiros e a quais institutos ele está associado no direito brasileiro. Finalmente, no último capítulo, foi mostrado que é assegurada uma tutela jurídica, embora não haja um dispositivo legal específico concernente ao superendividamento, carecendo, portanto, de uma adequada proteção jurídica através de uma legislação específica.
Salvador
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Rocha, Marina Cristina Schmaltz. "O PRINCÍPIO DO EQUILÍBRIO CONTRATUAL COMO EXERCÍCIO DE JUSTIÇA NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2753.
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-17With the neoliberal system that brings economic and financial instability, it is necessary to analyze the principle of contractual balance as a way of social interpretation of contractual relations so that legal businesses are guided by dignity and contractual justice. In 2015, Brazil is experiencing times of crisis, which further encourages the consolidation of the principle of contractual balance, to try to keep still alive contracts as sources of generation assets and jobs. The work aims to study the emergence of the concept, the applicability of the principle of contractual balance doctrine and Brazilian jurisprudence. The principle of contractual balance came to bring fairness, balance, solidarity contracts, so they are not surrounded by abuse and discrepancies. The reasoning of building model used is the hypothetical-deductive. The method will be the conceptual abstractionism and jurisprudential method. The research will be literature. At the end of the work it will be to demonstrate that the Constitutional Democratic State comes relativize the will of autonomy at the expense of application of the dignity of the person, situation that implies significant incidence of constitutional principles in contractual harvest, which corroborates the theory general contract, which entails the application of the principle of contractual balance in business relationships as a way to make up a balanced and stable business in numerous types of contracts and legal forms.
Com o sistema neoliberal, que traz instabilidade econômico-financeira, faz-se necessária a análise do princípio do equilíbrio contratual como maneira de interpretação social das relações contratuais para que os negócios jurídicos sejam pautados pela dignidade e justiça contratual. No ano de 2015, o Brasil vive período de crise, o que incentiva ainda mais a consolidação do princípio do equilíbrio contratual, para tentar manter os contratos ainda vivos, como fontes de geração de bens e empregos. O trabalho objetiva estudar o surgimento, o conceito, a aplicabilidade do princípio do equilíbrio contratual quanto à doutrina e jurisprudência brasileira. O princípio do equilíbrio contratual veio para trazer probidade, balanceamento, solidariedade aos contratos, para que não sejam envoltos por abusos e discrepâncias. O modelo de construção de raciocínio utilizado será o hipotético-dedutivo. O método será o abstracionismo conceitual e o método jurisprudencial. A pesquisa será bibliográfica. Ao final do trabalho, demonstrar-se-á que o Estado Democrático Constitucional de Direito vem relativizar a autonomia de vontade em detrimento da aplicação da dignidade da pessoa, situação que implica na relevante incidência dos princípios constitucionais na seara contratual, o que corrobora na teoria geral contratual, a qual enseja a aplicação do princípio do equilíbrio contratual nas relações negociais, como maneira de se perfazer um negócio equilibrado e estável nos inúmeros tipos de contratos e figuras jurídicas.
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Fernandes, Elizabeth Alves. "Bioética e direitos humanos: a proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana na era da genética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-07072010-150239/.
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A bioética e o direito constituem braços de proteção da pessoa humana e dos direitos humanos quando afrontados por questões relacionadas à genética. O primeiro capítulo aborda a afirmação da máxima da dignidade humana e sua importância como princípio estruturante de todo o sistema ético e jurídico. O segundo capítulo introduz a bioética. São expostos os princípios proclamados pela bioética: autonomia, beneficência, não-maleficência e justiça e estabelecida a relação necessária entre a bioética e os direitos humanos, determinando a consubstancialidade entre eles. Uma vez definida a importância da proteção da dignidade humana e a relação existente entre essa, a bioética e os direitos humanos, o trabalho expõe de forma analítica, nos capítulos sucessivos, os dois braços de salvaguarda de tal base. No primeiro deles, a ética é abordada como instrumento de proteção da sociedade que deve ser manejado segundo uma perspectiva universalista e dialógica, pois inserida em contexto democrático. No segundo deles, o direito é exposto no seu âmbito internacional, que tem consagrado declarações de direitos humanos específicas aos temas de bioética, e nacional, seja em relação ao substrato constitucional quanto ao infraconstitucional de proteção dos princípios envolvidos nas discussões bioéticas.Bioethics and Law are two complementary ways to protect the human being dignity and the human rights, when faced by questions related to genetics. This study discuss about the affirmation of the human dignity as well as its importance as structuring principle to the whole ethical and legal systems. The second chapter introduces the bioethics as well as its principles: autonomy, beneficence and justice, determining the necessary relationship between them and their consubstantiality. Once defined the human dignity importance as well as the relationship between it, bioethics and human rights, this study exposes, in an analytical way, the safeguard basis: ethics and Law. Ethics is exposed as a relevant instrument to protect the society in a universal and dialogic perspective, since inserted in a democratic context. The Law is seen on its international and constitutional spheres of human being protection.
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Souza, Manuela Gatto Santa Rita de. "A importância da aplicabilidade do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana nas atuais decisões judiciais frente à inefetividade das regras jurídicas inexistentes." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/767.
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The present study has the objective of limit the basic content of the human dignity principle, with the analysis of the dogmatic, doctrin and the jurisprudence about the theme. From a historic research about the constitucional principle, the writer will limit it s content and specifications in the brazilian constitucional law. We will study the limits, specially from the jurisprudence, when in confrontation with other principles. At this point, the possibility of considerate the human dignity has the important function of strenght the juridical caracter and not only programatic of the human dignity and it s content. We will also focus on the minimal content of human dignity that, if not observed, the Judiciary shall act. After all, the study will approach possibilities to the effectiveness of the principle at it s maximum point, specially face of the costs of rights, that, many times, are only frivolous argument used by state, trying to justify it s unlawful breach of the Constitution.O presente estudo tem por objetivo delimitar o conteúdo básico do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, mediante as análises dogmática, doutrinária e da casuística no tocante ao tema proposto. A partir de um esboço histórico acerca do princípio constitucional, traçaremos seu conteúdo e especificações no seio da ordem constitucional brasileira. Serão estudados os limites, especialmente decorrentes da práxis jurisprudencial, quando em confronto com outros princípios. Neste ponto, a possibilidade de se ponderar a dignidade da pessoa humana tem o importante mister de fortalecer o caráter jurídico e não meramente programático do princípio constitucional bem como de seu conteúdo. Frisaremos, ainda, o mínimo intangível da dignidade humana, que, se descumprido, não poderá ser tido como aplicado o preceito constitucional, devendo o Judiciário intervir para a proteção do cidadão no caso concreto. Ademais, serão abordadas possibilidades para a efetivação do princípio em seu grau máximo, mormente frente à reserva do possível, que muitas vezes não passa de um argumento frívolo utilizado pelo Estado na tentativa de justificar seu ilegítimo descumprimento aos preceitos mais caros à Constituição.
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Braga, Karen Costa. "A (im)possibilidade de extensão do adicional de 25% do artigo 45 da Lei 8.213/91 para as demais espécies de benefícios previdenciários." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20415.
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The objective of this study is to demonstrate that Social Security, as it is governed by the values of the dignity of the human person, social solidarity and equality and in view of the constitutional norms of the universality of coverage and service (Art. 94, I) and Prohibition of the adoption of differentiated criteria in the granting of pensions in the RGPS (art.201, paragraph 1), can not restrict the additional 25% of the value of the benefit provided for in article 45 of Law 8213/91 only to insured persons retired due to disability. In this sense, the work examines the legal hermeneutics that should be used by the legislator in the formulation of social security legislation as well as the form of interpretation of the applicators of the law. Finally, it maintains that the existing social security conflict would only be remedied if there were a legislative reformulation that expressly stated in the Benefit Law (Law 8,213 / 91) the possibility of extending the additional 25% for other types of social security benefits, if there was proof of fulfillment of the requirements in the event of incidence of the norm (work incapacity and the need for permanent assistance of a third party)
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar que a Previdência Social, ao ser regida pelos valores da dignidade da pessoa humana, da solidariedade social e da igualdade e diante das normas constitucionais da universalidade da cobertura e do atendimento (art.194,I) e da proibição da adoção de critérios diferenciados na concessão de aposentadorias no RGPS (art.201, parágrafo 1o), não pode restringir o adicional de 25% do valor do benefício previsto no artigo 45 da Lei 8.213/91 somente aos segurados aposentados por invalidez. Neste sentido, o trabalho examina a hermenêutica jurídica que deve ser utilizada pelo legislador na formulação da legislação previdenciária bem como a forma de interpretação dos aplicadores do direito. Finalmente, sustenta que o conflito previdenciário existente somente seria sanado caso houvesse uma reformulação legislativa que fizesse constar, expressamente, na Lei de Benefícios (Lei 8.213/91) a possibilidade de extensão do adicional de 25% para as demais espécies de benefícios previdenciários, caso houvesse a comprovação do preenchimento dos requisitos constantes na hipótese de incidência da norma (incapacidade laborativa e a necessidade de assistência permanente de um terceiro auxiliador)
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Aymard, Stephane. "Les principes de solidarité et d'autonomie à l'aune de la dépendance des personnes âgées." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1016.
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Est-il possible d’empêcher par un mécanisme solidaire que la dépendance médicale, soit le fait d’avoir besoin d’une aide pour effectuer les actes de la vie quotidienne, ne se transforme en dépendance sociale? Est-il possible que dans le même temps l’on parvienne à préserver l’idéal d’autonomie pour les personnes âgées dépendantes? Dans le contexte actuel, l’autonomie des personnes âgées dépendantes apparaît comme un véritable enjeu puisque celui-ci porte avec lui la possibilité pour ces personnes de rester maîtres de leur vie, aptes à prendre des décisions. Cette thèse examine la question de l’autonomie tant sous un angle théorique que pratique et montre sous quelles conditions son effectivité est possible. Plus particulièrement, cette thèse met en évidence (i) les conditions de réalisation de l’autonomie décisionnelle: disponibilité des aidants et aménagement de l’espace architectural, (ii) les enjeux notionnels autour du concept de dépendance: différenciation du concept d’autonomie, rapprochement avec celui de handicap, mise en avant de situations de dépendance (iii) les caractéristiques de la relation aidant-aidé qui oscille entre relation asymétrique et relation réciproque, (iv) l’importance du rôle joué par les acteurs individuels et institutionnels dans la réalisation de l’autonomie, (v) l’analyse des situations qui mettent à mal la liberté comme non-domination: consentement à l’entrée en institution, refus de soins, contention, attitude paternaliste, (vi) une éthique de la solidarité. Pour prémunir les personnes âgées contre des situations de domination sociale, il nous semble important d’appréhender celles-ci avant tout comme des personnesIs it possible to avoid, through a solidarity mechanism, that medical dependence (needing help to perform daily activities) be converted into social dependence? Is it possible to do so in such a way that we preserve the ideal of autonomy for the dependent elderly? In the present context, the autonomy of the dependent elderly appears as a real challenge because it conveys the notion of an opportunity for these people to remain in control of their lives, able to make decisions. This thesis examines the question of autonomy both in theoretical and practical terms, and shows the conditions under which its effectiveness is possible. Specifically, this thesis highlights (i) the conditions of implementation for decision-making autonomy: the presence of caregivers and developments in architectural space, (ii) the notional issues surrounding the concept of dependency: differentiation of the concept of autonomy , connections with disability and, especially, situations of dependence (iii) the characteristics of the caregiver-relationship that oscillates between asymmetrical and reciprocal relationship, (iv) the important role played by individual and institutional actors in the achievement of independence, (v) the analysis of situations that undermine freedom as non-domination such as consent-giving (in connection with nursing homes), denial of care, coercive restraint, paternalism, (vi) the ethics of solidarity. In order to protect the elderly against social domination situations, it seems that our apprehension of them as individuals first is crucial
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Queiroz, Francisco Soares de. "Efetividade dos direitos trabalhistas e os princ?pios constitucionais concretizadores da prote??o laboral." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13980.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-27The Brazilian Constitution aims to regularize the broadest possible the fundamental grounded in the value and supreme principle of human dignity, supporting a Democratic State of Law, to essentially give basic rights to all for a dignified existence. As the result of a historical development, fundamental rights incorporated by legal order represents a real reaction against acts that ignored the dignity of each person in one of these scenarios, especially inserted into the labor relationship, the principle of protection comes to balance and compose such relationship between employers and workers, raising this principle as axiological essence of this subject, based especially on the protection and guarantee of fundamental rights of the worker. For this study, was developed a literature research using books, legislation, legal websites and articles related to the subject, in order to analyze the principle of protection insert in the legal order, properly authoritative on the principle of equality, the social value of the work of human dignity to confer protection to the most vulnerable and admittedly weak of the labor relationship in order to serve the specific regulations legal practical tools and effective protection, against the employer hierarchical power and steering that can not change into abuses and attacks on the fundamental rights of the worker. In conclusion, is not enough, recognizing the vulnerability of the worker, it is necessary to carry out protective legal instruments in line with the the human dignity, consect?rio logical fundamental rights of workers, to be held in a proportional manner and sometimes flexible, depending on the case. Protection has a beginning and end to ensure that the human dignity that must presuppose a working relationship achieved by orderly and normative power of constitutional norms, with the aim of designing that labor is not an end in itself, but a means to the achievement of the economic advancement by promoting social development and providing necessary support for the increasingly marked impairment of fundamental rights of the worker
A Constitui??o brasileira busca regularizar da maneira mais ampla poss?vel os direitos fundamentais alicer?ados no valor e princ?pio supremo da dignidade da pessoa humana, fundamentando um Estado Democr?tico de Direito, para essencialmente conferir direitos b?sicos a todos para uma exist?ncia digna. Como fruto de uma evolu??o hist?rica, os direitos fundamentais incorporados pelo ordenamento representam uma verdadeira rea??o contra os atos que ignoravam a dignidade de cada ser e, em um desses cen?rios, especialmente inserido na rela??o trabalhista, o princ?pio da prote??o surge para equilibrar e compor tal rela??o entre empregadores e trabalhadores, elevando o princ?pio tuitivo como ess?ncia axiol?gica desse ramo do Direito, fundamentado especialmente no amparo e garantia dos direitos fundamentais do trabalhador. No presente estudo, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica atrav?s de livros, legisla??o, sites jur?dicos e artigos relacionados ao assunto com o objetivo de analisar o princ?pio da prote??o inserido no ordenamento jur?dico, devidamente abalizado no princ?pio da igualdade, do valor social do trabalho e da dignidade humana para conferir amparo ? parte reconhecidamente hipossuficiente e mais vulner?vel da rela??o de trabalho, a fim de que os regramentos legais sirvam de instrumentos pr?ticos e efetivos de prote??o, diante do poder hier?rquico e diretivo do empregador, e que n?o podem traduzir em abusos e ataques aos direitos fundamentais do obreiro. N?o basta assim o reconhecimento da vulnerabilidade do obreiro, ? preciso efetivar instrumentos legais protetivos em conson?ncia com a dignidade humana, consect?rio l?gico dos direitos fundamentais do trabalhador, a ser realizado de maneira proporcional e, por vezes, flex?vel, a depender do caso concreto. A prote??o tem por in?cio e fim a garantia de que a dignidade humana deve pressupor uma rela??o de trabalho regrada e alcan?ada pelo poder normativo das normas constitucionais, com o fito de conceber que o labor n?o ? fim em si mesmo, mas um meio para que se alcance o avan?o econ?mico, promovendo o desenvolvimento social e fornecendo subs?dios necess?rios para o comprometimento cada vez mais acentuado dos direitos fundamentais do trabalhador
2020-01-01
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Prata, Mirela Fernandes Celestino. "A juridicidade das relações homoafetivas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5375.
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Previous issue date: 2010-10-19This study herein aims to analyze the development of the family before the society, history and the laws. The modern society has brought up new family structures which require protection from the State. Therefore, the legal norms that deal with family relationships and which are constantly changing are analyzed in order to support the needs of the society. Nevertheless, this does not always happen. In this context we find homo-affective relationships, which in spite of prejudice and discrimination are formed with the same objective of traditional family structures, that is, the pursuit of happiness and personal fulfillment of its members. To what concerns this subject, the books of authority and jurisprudence are divided; part of the jurists and judges consider that homo-affective relationships are family entities and must be treated as such. On the other hand, another group understands that homoaffective relationships are not family entities and recognize them, to what concerns asset interest, as actual companies. Homo-affective relationships are supported by neither the Federal Constitution nor the infra-constitutional laws. By analyzing the principles that rule Family Law, mainly the Principles of Equality and Human Dignity, under the specific interpretation of constitutional principles, we understand that homo-affective relationships are ruled by family law, and that the laws applicable to stable relationships are the ones applicable to such relationships, by similarity
O presente estudo tem o objetivo de analisar o desenvolvimento da família perante a sociedade, a história e as leis. A sociedade moderna faz surgir novas configurações familiares que demandam proteção do Estado. Sendo assim, são estudadas as normas jurídicas que tratam das relações familiares, as quais estão em constante mutação, procurando atender às necessidades da sociedade, o que nem sempre acontece. Neste contexto se inserem as relações homoafetivas, que a despeito de preconceitos e discriminações, se formam com o mesmo objetivo das configurações familiares tradicionais, ou seja, a busca pela felicidade e realização pessoal de seus membros. Quanto ao tema, doutrina e jurisprudência se dividem, parte dos doutrinadores e juízes posicionam-se no sentido de que as uniões homoafetivas são entidades familiares e devem ser tratadas como tal. Já a outra parte, entende que as uniões homoafetivas não são entidades familiares, reconhecendo-as, no que tange ao direito patrimonial, como sociedades de fato. Frente ao fato de que as uniões homoafetivas não encontram previsão expressa nem na Constituição Federal, nem nas leis infraconstitucionais, através da análise dos princípios norteadores do direito de família, em especial dos Princípios da Igualdade e Dignidade Humana, sob a ótica da interpretação específica dos princípios constitucionais, é que se entende estarem as relações homoafetivas albergadas no âmbito do direito de família, aplicando-se a estas, analogicamente, as normas atinentes às uniões estáveis
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Passos, Júnior Vicente da Cunha. "A possibilidade de aplicação do princípio da solidariedade para a ampliação do conceito de superendividamento." Faculdade de Direito, 2018. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/25877.
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O tema da presente pesquisa é a possibilidade de aplicação do princípio da solidariedade para a ampliação do conceito de superendividamento. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi perquirir se o princípio da solidariedade extraído da Constituição Federal de 1988 seria capaz de ampliar o conceito de superendividamento, diante da importância dessa situação e pela constância desse problema em tempos de crises econômicas. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi dividida em três partes. Na primeira discorreu-se sobre as modificações ocorridas na teoria geral dos contratos, abordando o atual papel dos princípios contratuais na sociedade, tendo em vista que o superendividamento é significativamente causado por relações contratuais, especialmente as de fornecimento de crédito ou, até mesmo em outros tipos de contrato que comprometam sua capacidade de honrar seus compromissos. Na segunda parte, analisou-se a situação do hiperconsumo e o superendividamento, com o objetivo de demonstrar quais as relações que existem entre tais figuras, e apresentando qual o posicionamento doutrinário sobre o superendividamento, já que será proposta a ampliação do conceito deste instituto. Por fim, no último capítulo, buscou-se demonstrar que o princípio da solidariedade, com amparo no princípio da dignidade humana e preocupado com a preservação do mínimo existencial, pode servir de fundamento para a ampliação do conceito de superendividamento, para que outras pessoas possam receber a tutela legal protetiva de seus direitos em situações ainda não admitidas pela doutrina nem pelo Projeto de Lei 3.515/2015 que trata do tema, razão pela qual sugerimos a ampliação do conceito para o superendividamento.
The present research's theme is the possibility of expansion of the concept of over-indebtedness by the application of the principle of solidarity. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to inquire if the principle of solidarity extracted from Brazil's Constitution of 1988 is apt to extend the concept of over-indebtedness, considering the importance of the situation and the constancy that it occurs during economic crisis. To archive so, the research was divided in three parts. The first discussed about the modifications that happened to the contract theory, approaching the current role from the contractual principles in society, contemplating that the over-indebtedness is significantly caused by contractual relations, especially as credits supply or, even by contracts that compromise the ability to honor its obligations. At the second part, was analyzed the hyperconsumerism and the over-indebtedness, aiming to demonstrate the relation between the figures, and displaying what is the doctrinal position about over-indebtedness, since there will be proposed a extension of its concept. Lastly, in the final piece, was attempted to show that the principle of solidarity, as an assistance in the principle of the human dignity and the concern about the preservation of the minimum existential, can be used as foundation for an expansion of the concept of over-indebtedness, so that other people can receive the legal protection of their rights in situations not yet admitted not even by Bill nº 3515/2015 that contains the theme, reason that suggests extends the concept for over-indebtedness.
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Pereira, Joaquim Eduardo. "Paradoxos das noções jurídicas de pessoa e liberdade: o princípio da proporcionalidade e a época das imagens dos Direitos Humanos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6782.
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-27The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the result of a joint effort, at least with regard to the West, to give a response to the atrocities committed in the Second World War and to the trivialization of violence there reached its peak. We intend to show how the need for such response may not correspond necessarily to concern for others, with the lives of others. And also like the notions of personality and freedom, while the subjectivity structures, is insufficient not only to correct the law and give it a foundation, as it is not suitable as a means to achieve a true understanding of what is properly the humanity of man. It is not, however, simply reject the Human Rights Declaration, but understand his fictional character and as a real possibility to deal with the law and violence should not stand in the dignity of the human person, but on the principle of proportionality
A Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos é resultado de um esforço comum, pelo menos no que diz respeito ao Ocidente, para dar uma resposta às atrocidades cometidas na segunda Guerra Mundial e à banalização da violência que aí alcançou seu ápice. Pretendemos mostrar como que a necessidade desta resposta pode não corresponder, necessariamente, à preocupação com os outros, com a vida das outras pessoas. E, também, como que as noções de pessoa e liberdade, enquanto estruturas da subjetividade, é insuficiente não só para corrigir o Direito e servir-lhe de fundamento, mas não é adequado como meio para se atingir uma compreensão autêntica do que é, propriamente, a humanidade do ser humano. Não se trata, porém, de rechaçar simplesmente as Declarações de Direitos Humanos, mas compreender seu caráter ficcional e como que uma possibilidade autêntica para lidar com o Direito e a violência deve repousar não na dignidade da pessoa humana, mas no princípio da proporcionalidade
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Cedano, Sérgio. "A função administrativa e a proteção constitucional do direito de moradia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8920.
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Previous issue date: 2010-04-13The administrative function is eminently teleological, since it is related to satisfying primary interests, and as such, finds itself supported by two basic principles: the supremacy of public interest over the private and the inalienability of public interests. In order to be valid, all administrative actions must follow the human being s principle of dignity, whether in its negative sense, aiming at stopping the State s arbitrary actions, or in its positive perspective, in which the State must have as permanent objective the protection of life in all its connotations. In the exercise of the administrative function, the State realizes activities such as intervention on social domain, by means of public policies and activities to support the administration, the management of public assets and the power of the police. The state inaction is considered illegitimate and an illegal practice, in such a way as providing individuals who had their rights violated the right to make demands on the State. The Federal Constitution, paragraph 9 or article 23, defined as common administrative competence of the Union, the States, Federal District and Municipalities, the promotion of programs to build homes and to improve the living conditions and basic sanitation. Therefore, it is observed that the issue of having a residence is inserted in the context of the right-power of the State, included in the scope of the minimum vital space or existential minimum for the execution of the subjective right of a dignified life (art. 6, CF). The Constitutional Text, establishing expressly that property must have its social function (art. 5, 23) and, especially when it is considered everyone s existence with dignity as a principle of the economic order, according to the social justice (art. 170, 2 e 3), resulted in the emergence of a new internal structure of the concept of property. The inclusion of the social function principle modifies the structure of the right of ownership, in that to own leaves the condition of a mere observer of erga omnes respect, as a mere universal passive subject, and starts to consider subjective rights, following the superior constitutional consideration of the social right of residence and the consequent access to minimum vital assets, including in the relation with the State
A função administrativa é eminentemente teleológica, porquanto está adstrita a satisfazer interesses públicos primários e, para tanto, encontra-se lastreada em dois princípios basilares, quais sejam: supremacia do interesse público sobre o privado e o da indisponibilidade dos interesses públicos. Toda a atuação administrativa, para ser válida, deve obediência ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, seja na sua acepção negativa, objetivando impedir a atuação arbitrária do Estado, seja na perspectiva positiva, em que o Estado deverá ter como meta permanente a proteção da vida em todas as suas acepções. No exercício da função administrativa, o Estado realiza atividades como a intervenção no domínio social, por meio das políticas públicas e atividades de fomento administrativo, a gestão de bens públicos e o poder de polícia. A inação estatal reveste-se de ilegitimidade e configura-se como prática ilegal, de modo a conferir direitos públicos subjetivos aos administrados lesados. A Constituição Federal, no inciso IX do art. 23, definiu como matéria de competência administrativa comum da União, dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Municípios promover programas de construção de moradias e a melhoria das condições habitacionais e de saneamento básico. Percebe-se, portanto, que a questão da moradia está inserida no contexto do dever-poder do Estado, eis que incluída no âmbito do piso vital mínimo ou do mínimo existencial para a efetividade do direito subjetivo a uma vida digna (art. 6º, CF). O Texto Constitucional, ao estabelecer expressamente que a propriedade deverá atender a sua função social (art. 5º, XXIII) e, especialmente, quando reputou como princípio da ordem econômica a existência digna de todos, conforme os ditames da justiça social (art. 170, II e III), provocou o surgimento de uma nova estrutura interna do conceito de propriedade. A inclusão do princípio da função social modifica a estrutura do direito de posse, na medida em que o possuir deixa a condição de mero observador de respeito erga omnes, como mero sujeito passivo universal, e passa a titularizar direitos subjetivos, em atenção à superior previsão constitucional do direito social de moradia e o conseqüente acesso aos bens vitais mínimos, inclusive na relação com o Estado
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Ferreira, Lúcio Alberto Eneas da Silva. "O princípio da igualdade e as obrigações constitucionais do Estado na tutela penal /." Franca : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89875.
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Orientador: Paulo César Corrêa BorgesBanca: Antonio Milton de Barros
Banca: Fernando Andrade Fernandes
Resumo: A presente pesquisa aponta o Estado como co-responsável pela desigualdade social, estigmatização e marginalização ao aplicar o Direito Penal de forma seletiva e desigual, atingindo com maior intensidade a população pobre. Adverte o leitor sobre o papel da ideologia na determinação dos conceitos; nas escolhas dos agentes políticos e na ausência de percepção pela maioria da população sobre a aplicação desigual da lei penal. Ressalta as obrigações constitucionais do Estado Democrático e Social de Direito na criação dos tipos penais, na aplicação da lei penal e na execução das penas e medidas de segurança, em busca da igualdade material e da erradicação da pobreza, visando a construção de uma sociedade livre, justa e solidária. Expõe a evolução da teoria do bem-jurídico e as bases para a formação de um direito penal mínimo, garantista e legitimado na escala de valores e princípios previstos na Constituição Federal. Faz uma crítica ao positivismo jurídico e apresenta as bases de uma nova hermenêutica jurídica fundada no compromisso social do juiz com os valores e princípios constitucionais. Apresenta os sintomas da crise da pena privativa de liberdade, seu efeito estigmatizante, sua aplicação desigual e seletiva e sua promessa ilusória de recuperação do criminoso. Ressalta a importância de valores como a tolerância, a solidariedade e a conciliação na solução do conflito criminal.
Riassunto: La presente ricerca indica lo Stato come corresponsabile della disuguaglianza sociale, stigmatizzazione e emarginazione nell'applicare il Diritto Penale in forma selettiva e disuguale, attingendo con maggiore intensità la popolazione povera. Avverte il lettore sul ruolo dell'ideologia nella determinazione dei concetti; nelle scelte degli agenti politici e nell'assenza di percezione da parte della maggioranza della popolazione dell'applicazione disuguale della legge penale. Risalta gli obblighi costituzionali dello Stato Democratico e Sociale di Diritto nella creazione dei tipi penali, nell'applicazione della legge penale e nell'esecuzione delle pene e misure di sicurezza, alla ricerca dell'uguaglianza materiale e dello sradicamento della povertà, mirando alla costruzione di una società libera, giusta e solidale. Espone l'evoluzione della teoria del bene giuridico e le basi per la formazione di un diritto penale minimo, garantista e legittimato dalla scala di valori e principi previsti nella Costituzione Federale. Fa una critica al positivismo giuridico e presenta le basi di una nuova ermeneutica giuridica fondata sull'impegno sociale del giudice con i valori e principi costituzionali. Presenta i sintomi della crisi della pena privativa di libertà , il suo effetto stigmatizzante, la sua applicazione disuguale e selettiva e la sua promessa illusoria di recupero del criminale. Risalta l'importanza di valori come la tolleranza, la solidarietà e la conciliazione nella soluzione del conflitto criminale.
Mestre
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Soares, Marcele Carine dos Praseres. "O dever de motivação na despedida coletiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-30082017-144038/.
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O trabalho trata da despedida coletiva e de seu dever de motivação. Embora não haja tratamento legal no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, a conjugação de normas principiológicas constitucionais e infraconstitucionais permite afirmar que a despedida coletiva é instituto jurídico distinto da despedida individual e, como tal, requer consequências jurídicas também diversas. A fim de compreender os limites dessa figura jurídica e buscar solução genuína e adequada ao quadro nacional, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica em autores nacionais e estrangeiros e estudo de casos jurisprudenciais. No primeiro capítulo, buscou-se conceituar o instituto, distinguindo-se entre as despedidas individuais plúrimas e a despedida coletiva. No segundo capítulo, recorreu-se ao estudo do Direito Comparado e das normas de organismos internacionais que tratam do tema. No terceiro capítulo, destacam-se princípios constitucionais, como a dignidade da pessoa humana e a função social da propriedade, e princípios infraconstitucionais, como a boa-fé objetiva e a vedação do abuso de direito. No quarto capítulo, analisam-se as decisões judiciais paradigmáticas envolvendo as empresas Embraer e Usiminas destacando-se, de forma breve, o papel do Poder Judiciário. Ao final, pudemos concluir que a despedida coletiva tem importância crescente na realidade social e, como tal, requer que se tome posse de sua complexidade para seu desvendamento.The paper deals with collective dismissal and its duty of motivation. Although there is no legal treatment in the Brazilian legal system, the combination of infra-constitutional and constitutional norms related to principles allows us to state that collective dismissal is a legal institution different from individual dismissal and, as such, it also requires different legal consequences. In order to understand the limits of this legal concept and seek a genuine and appropriate solution to the national framework, a bibliographical research was conducted using national and foreign authors as well as jurisprudential study cases. In the first chapter, the aim was to conceptualize the institute, distinguishing between multiple individual dismissals and collective dismissals. In the second chapter, we resorted to the study of comparative law and norms from international bodies dealing with the theme. In the third chapter, constitutional principles such as human dignity and the social function of property and infra-constitutional principles such as objective good faith and the prohibition of abuse of rights are highlighted. In the fourth chapter, the paradigmatic judicial decisions involving the companies Embraer and Usiminas are analyzed briefly stressing the role of the Judiciary Power. At the end, we could conclude that the collective dismissal has increasing importance in social reality and, as such, it requires that possession of its complexity is taken so that it is unveiled.
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Almeida, Fernanda Leao de. "A garantia institucional do Ministério Público em função da proteção dos direitos humanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-26012011-151013/.
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Esta tese volta-se à análise crítica da garantia institucional de independência do Ministério Público brasileiro sob dois aspectos: de um lado, a sua independência em relação às esferas organizacionais dos poderes clássicos do Estado; e, de outro, os limites da independência funcional que visa a assegurar, para os seus membros, o livre desenvolvimento das funções institucionais. Sob o influxo do processo de reconhecimento universal dos direitos humanos a partir da Declaração de 1948, o valor da dignidade da pessoa humana representa o fundamento central do Estado Democrático de Direito da Constituição Federal de 1988, constituindo a fonte jurídica do vasto conjunto de direitos fundamentais dela constante. A proteção dos direitos fundamentais da pessoa humana é indissociável de um regime político democrático, que não pode prescindir de um sistema eficaz de controle do exercício do poder político para a persecução de tal desiderato. Daí a importância da efetividade dos mecanismos de controle recíproco entre os órgãos estatais, no comando do princípio fundamental projetado por Montesquieu que, atualmente, não mais se reduz à formula tríplice de distribuição das funções legislativa, executiva e judicial. É nesse contexto que se pretende introduzir a análise da garantia institucional de independência do Ministério Público, à luz, especificamente, de determinadas funções que lhe foram atribuídas para o controle de decisões de outros órgãos estatais, sobretudo do Executivo, envolvendo a tutela dos direitos fundamentais de proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana. A hipótese é a da existência de aspectos organizacionais condicionando o funcionamento do Ministério Público em dissonância de sua plena afirmação como novo ator político; quais sejam: a) a ausência de limites precisos à garantia de independência funcional no desenvolvimento de suas atividades; b) um sistema autocrático de gestão orientando as decisões sobre todas as políticas institucionais; c) a manutenção dos vínculos que prendem a instituição ao Executivo do Estado, concebido como o ramo hegemônico do regime político brasileiro. O trabalho pretende investigar as causas das incorreções, correlacioná-las e apontar os seus equívocos, para a identificação dos pontos relevantes sujeitos a uma pronta alteração de cunho organizacional, de modo a serem reproduzidos no funcionamento do Ministério Público brasileiro os valores republicanos e democráticos que devem informar um regime político como Estado Democrático de Direito.This thesis offers a critical analysis of the institutional guarantee of independence of the Brazilian Public Attorney\'s Office regarding two aspects: on one hand, its independence concerning the organizational spheres of the classical branches of the State; on the other hand, the limits of the functional independence that aims at securing free development of the institutional functions to the members of the Public Attorney\'s Office. Due to the process of universal acknowledgement of human rights since the Declaration of 1948, the value of a human being\'s dignity represents the central basis of the Democratic Rule of Law of the 1 988 Federal Constitution, establishing a legal source for the vast set of fundamental rights contained in it. The protection of the fundamental rights of a human being is intrinsic to a democratic political system, which cannot dispense with an efficient procedure to control the use of political power for pursuing such desideratum. Hence the importance of the efficiency of the mechanisms of checks and balances among state agencies, in carrying out the fundamental principle proposed by Montesquieu that is no longer limited nowadays to the triple distribution formula of legislative, executive and judiciary functions. It\'s in this context that the present work intends to introduce the analysis of the institutional guarantee of independence of the Public Attorney\'s Office, specifically examining certain functions attributed to it for the control over decisions by other state agencies, particularly in the executive branch, that involve the safeguarding of the fundamental rights of protection of a human being\'s dignity. The hypothesis is the existence of organizational aspects stipulating the operation of the Public Attorney\'s Office in discordance with its full role as new political agent, such as: a) absence of precise limits to guarantee functional independence in the development of its activities; b) an autocratic ruling system guiding decisions on all institutional policies; c) maintenance of the bonds linking the institution to the executive branch, which is conceived as the hegemonic branch of Brazil\'s political system. This work intends to investigate the causes of those problems, correlate them and pinpoint mistakes, in order to identify the relevant points that would be subject to a swift alteration in terms of organization, so the republican, democratic values that ought to conduct a political regime as a Democratic Rule of Law may be reproduced in the operations of the Brazilian Public Attorney\'s Office.
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Cante, Vanderlei Bonoto. "Sou professora e fui agredida : a formação do professor para enfrentar a violência da escola." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2014. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/420.
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CAPES
A pesquisa busca aprofundar a discussão a respeito do processo de formação do professor para o enfrentamento da violência na escola e objetiva compreender as várias formas de violência simbólica, em especial a violência da escola, que vitimiza, também, os professores. Procurando entender as situações provocadoras das infrações e, principalmente, como auxiliar o professor em sua formação para o enfrentamento da violência escolar, questiona-se: Qual a natureza das agressões sofridas pelo professor no espaço escolar? Com que frequência e intensidade tais atos atingem o professor no Estado de Mato Grosso? O que apontam o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e o Código Penal sobre esse tipo de violência? A violência simbólica passa por discussões no campo da ética, fraternidade, moral e dignidade humana? Qual a formação do professor para atuar, nos casos de violência? A pesquisa alicerçou-se na abordagem qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso e foi desenvolvida contando com os dados das escolas públicas estaduais de Rondonópolis/Mato Grosso. Para atingir tal objetivo, investigaram-se as propostas pedagógicas curriculares (PPCs) dos cursos de licenciatura em Letras-português, Matemática e Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso/UFMT, Campus Rondonópolis e os programas de formação continuada vigentes nas escolas onde se deram as agressões. E, por último, procedeu-se às entrevistas com as professoras agredidas - os sujeitos da pesquisa. Os resultados apontaram que os PPCs analisados não contemplam tal componente na formação inicial e os programas de formação continuada também não abordam, em suas propostas, tal tema. Observou-se, ainda, a falta de conhecimento dos professores em relação aos seus direitos e, decorrente disso, a inércia quanto à tomada de iniciativa para o ato infracional, ocasionando–lhes doenças e elevadas situações de estresse, fatores estes evidenciados pela maioria dos profissionais agredidos, sendo com as mulheres os casos de maior incidência. O estudo revelou, ainda, a necessidade de se investir mais na formação voltada para os princípios da ética, fraternidade, moral e dignidade humana.
The research seeks to deepen the discussion about teacher training to deal with violence at school and aims to understand the various forms of symbolic violence, in particular violence of the school, which also victimizes, teachers process. Trying to understand the provocative situations of violations and mainly as assisting the teacher in his training for the fight against school violence, the question is: What is the nature of the aggression by the teacher at school? Frequency and intensity with which such acts hit the teacher in the State of Mato Grosso? The point that the Statute of Children and Adolescents and the Criminal Code on this kind of violence? Symbolic violence goes through discussions in ethics, brotherhood, moral and human dignity? What teacher training to act in cases of violence? The research its foundations in the qualitative case study approach was developed type and relying on data from state schools Rondonópolis/ Mato Grosso. To achieve this goal we investigated the pedagogical curriculum proposals (PPCs) of degree courses of letters-Portuguese, mathematics and pedagogy of the Federal University of Mato Grosso/UFMT Campus Rondonópolis and existing continuing education programs in schools where they have aggression. And lastly proceeded to interviews with teachers, battered-the research subjects. The results showed that the PPCs analyzed do not include this component in the initial training and continuing education programs do not address this issue in their proposals. We also observed the lack of training of teachers in relation to their rights and, due to her inaction as to take the initiative for the offense causing them illness and high stress situations, these factors evidenced by most professionals assaulted, being women have the highest incidence. The study also highlighted the need to invest more in training focused on the principles of ethics, brotherhood, moral and human dignity.
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Bertini, Junior José Geraldo. "O princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana e a contribuição das serventias extrajudiciais para a desjudicialização." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154536.
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O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de demonstrar a importância das funções das Serventias Extrajudiciais na concretização do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana e na sua contribuição à desjudicialização. Ditos Cartórios, como também são conhecidos, por meio de seus oficiais delegados, passaram a ter suas atribuições ampliadas, máxime após a Constituição Federal de 1988. Com o advento da Reforma do Poder Judiciário promovida pela Emenda Constitucional n. 45, de 30 de dezembro de 2004, foi reforçada a onda de desjudicialização, ou seja, buscou-se instrumentais de materialização dos direitos básicos do cidadão sem a necessidade inexorável de se bater às portas do já assoberbado Poder Judiciário. Neste cenário, as Serventias Extrajudiciais representaram, e representam cada vez mais, um importante aliado na tomada de medidas desjudicializadoras capazes de assegurar direitos básicos dos cidadãos de forma célere e menos onerosa. A metodologia utilizada no presente trabalho foi a bibliográfica e jurisprudencial dedutivas. Com efeito, pudemos concluir que as principais atividades tabelioas e registrais praticadas pelo Registro Civil das Pessoas Naturais, pelo Tabelião de Notas e pelo Tabelião de Protestos foram capazes de contribuir sobremaneira na desjudicialização e no desafogo do Poder Judiciário, representando um reforço ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana
The present research aims to demonstrate the importance of Extrajudicial Measures in materializing the principle of human person dignity and its contribution to de-judicialization. Said Notary’s office’s, as they are also known, through its officials, were given amplified atributions, specially after the Federal Constitution of 1988. With the rise of Judiciary Power Reform in the Constitucional Amendment n. 45, of december 30th, 2004, the wave of de-judicialization was reinforced, that is to say, instruments of materializing basic human rights without necessity of judicialization were created. In this scenario, the Extrajudicial Measures represented, and still represent more and more an important ally in the persuit of juridic means to secure basic human rights in a fast and less expensive way. The method used in this research is deductive, bibliographic and jurisprudencial. We can stablish that most of Notary’s Office’s activity are capable of contributing significantly in de-judicializing and therefore decreasing Judiciary Power’s overload of work, which means an inforcement to the principle of the human person dignity.
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Rocha, Francisco Ilídio Ferreira. "Do valor da vida humana e da vida humana sem valor." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6357.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-04This thesis has the purpose of analyzing the current state of the constitutional protection of human life and, from this, specifies the axiological dimension of the vital existence of the human being. In this sense, it pursues the goal to establish, legally, what is life as a constitutional and legal interest worthy of protection, stating its definition and separating it by differentiation of those so called life related rights. These conceptual foundations are indispensable to the attainment of what is intended as a legal-axiological study of human life, which allows to recognize that, despite the imperatives derived from the principle of human dignity, the legal protection of human life realizes in different degrees of intensity and from arbitrary criteria in a way that allows the deduction that human life is considered more or less valuable in certain circumstances and, in some cases, one can even say that the biological life of the human being does not have any value at all. Identification of thecritical circumstances implying varying degrees of protection of life, as well as those authorizing the abandonment and denial of its value, constitutes the core of this thesis
A presente tese tem como objeto a análise do atual estado da tutela constitucional da vida humana e, a partir dessa premissa, precisar a dimensão axiológica da existência vital do ser humano. Nesse sentido, persegue-se a pretensão de determinar, juridicamente, o que é a vida como um bem jurídico constitucional e penalmente protegido, precisando sua definição e apartando-o, adequadamente, daqueles assim designadosdireitos concernentes à vida. Tais bases conceituais são indispensáveis para a realização do escopo desta tese, a saber, um estudo jurídicoaxiológico da vida humana, no qual se reconhece que, a despeito dos imperativos derivados do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, a proteção jurídica da existência vital do ser humano realiza-se em diferentes graus de intensidade e a partir de critérios arbitrários que permitem deduzir que a vida humana é considerada mais ou menos valiosa em determinadas circunstâncias, e que, noutros casos, podese mesmo dizer que a vida biológica do ser humano não possui valor qualquer. A identificação de circunstâncias críticas que implicam em graus variáveis de proteção da vida, bem como aquelas que autorizam o abandono e a negação de seu valor, constitui-se no cerne desta tese
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Blanc-Fily, Charlotte. "Les valeurs dans la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme : Essai critique sur l'interprétation axiologique du juge européen." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10022/document.
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Partout présentes au cœur de la jurisprudence européenne des droits de l'homme, les valeurs fondamentales des sociétés démocratiques constituent un sujet d'étude pertinent pour apprécier dans quelle mesure ces valeurs sont mobilisées et si elles participent d'une interprétation axiologique de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme. Simple rappel rhétorique ou véritable outil argumentatif, le recours aux valeurs dans la jurisprudence de la Cour EDH mérite ainsi d'être analysé au travers du prisme de l'interprétation de la Convention. A côté de l'interprétation téléologique, des interprétations évolutive et consensuelle, aucune étude n'a jusqu'alors recherché à systématiser la référence aux valeurs des sociétés démocratiques pour tenter d'en déduire une interprétation axiologique. Mais alors que le juge européen multiplie les références aux valeurs dans ses décisions, il y a néanmoins lieu de constater que l'utilisation de ces valeurs est concurrencée par d'autres politiques jurisprudentielles plus contemporaines et soucieuses des attentes actuelles des populations, de la revendication libertaire individualiste de plus en plus prégnante, et du nécessaire respect du principe de subsidiarité. Phénomènes qui s'accommodent difficilement d'une protection conservatrice de valeurs communes aux Etats parties à la Convention européenne des droits de l'hommeEverywhere in the legal precedents of the European court of human rights (ECHR), fundamental values of democratic societies are a relevant study subject to understand in which part the values are used and if they participate of a specific interpretation of the European convention based on axioms defense's. Simple rhetoric use or true argumentative tool, values resort's in the legal precedents of the ECHR need to be appreciated as an isolate interpretation method. Next to teleologic, evolutive, and consensual interpretative methods, none study try until then to systematize the resort of fundamental values of democratic societies by the judge and deduct of the European court case law the existence of a specific interpretation based on values defense's. If the European judge multiplies the resorts of values in case law, we have to notice that utilization of values competes with others interpretative methods, more contemporary, and respectful of actual societal expectations, individual claims and to enforce the subsidiarity principle. All social facts and jurisdictional necessities which are difficult to conciliate with requirement of a conservative protection of common values of the contracting States
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Lopes, Junior Vianey Mreis. "A vítima no processo penal e a reparação do dano pelo juízo criminal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5982.
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Previous issue date: 2012-10-17The present paper intends to demonstrate the victim´s historical position in the penal process and their evolution as a character in the penal process, starting at the time of their greatest protagonism, with the revenge, up to their present situation at the time of the State´s monopoly, where the victim must be supported by the State and compensated by the delinquent for the crime. We intend to demonstrate that the victim, under the protection of the Rule of Law and the Principle of the Dignity of the Human Being, which are eternity clauses in the federal Constitution of 1988 and guiding lines of this study, in face of the moral and material damages suffered as a result of the crime needs to have those damages, both moral and material, repaired, the delinquent being required to do so as well as the State, which must provide the conditions for their total rehabilitation. The study of the legislative reform introduced by Law 11.719/2008, interpreted under the constitutional realm, supported by principles and jurisprudence, still incipient, proves those aspects with their clear re-valuation, in this context. Furthermore, we point out the need for extensive action by the Criminal Court, which had added to its scope of actions the ascertainment of the defendant´s responsibility as related to the victim´s damages, with no offense to the already accomplished constitutional principles of the penal process, and the need for the consequent determination of an effective compensation so that the victim´s claims can be satisfied, so that the international treaties can be validated, and so that the civil court can be released of the extra burden of unnecessary filing for new requests of compensation
O presente trabalho analisa a posição da vítima ao longo da história, ora como principal protagonista do processo, ora afastada e substituída pelo Estado Juiz. A Constituição Federal de 1988, ao eleger o Estado Democrático de Direito sob a luz do Princípio da Dignidade Humana após estabelecer inúmeras garantias, revalorizou a vítima da criminalidade violenta, trazendo explicitamente a obrigação de amparo e assistência. A vítima foi revalorizada por extensa legislação ordinária posterior à Constituição e finalmente com a Lei 11.719/2008 de 11/06 de 2008 que tratou de sua indenização em sede do Juízo Criminal, na busca por reparação de danos sofridos em virtude do crime. A reparação agora determinada pelo Juízo Criminal com evidente intenção de celeridade e eficiência, aferindo o dano e estipulando a indenização, com evidente alargamento de sua competência. Neste diapasão ainda estuda-se a forte corrente que gradativamente propõe ser o Estado concorrente e solidário na responsabilidade pela reparação dos danos decorrentes dos danos sofridos pela vítima oriundos da criminalidade violenta