Дисертації з теми "Pricing for the innovative products"
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1
Salah, El Din Florian [Verfasser], and C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weinhardt. "Intermediation in Future Energy Markets: Innovative Product Design and Pricing / Florian Salah El Din ; Betreuer: C. Weinhardt." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1147485186/34.
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2
Gunnarsson, Daniel, and Jonathan Axelsson. "Servitization and its Effects on the Business Model : The Transition from Hardware Products to Software Services in Manufacturing." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Companies within the manufacturing industry is undergoing changes in their business models to adapt to changing external environments and trends – whereas one general trend is toward servitization, the transition from hardware products to software services. These software services have shown to have an increasingly impactful role for former productbased firms to ensure future reliable profits and revenues. This thesis aims to contribute to the academical field of servitization and business model literature, within the context of a non-disruptive industry with a slow technological development rate. This is done by addressing the following purpose: to understand how hardware manufacturing companies can integrate software services in their existing business model. In order to fulfill this thesis’ purpose, the research questions answered address how a hardware manufacturing company’s business model can be affected by servitization, but also how the process of business model innovation can be facilitated in the organization. This master’s thesis is anchored in a qualitative, interpretive case study – where the empirical data has been gathered from semi-structured interviews and internal case company documents. The findings from this thesis show that servitization can affect company business model in several ways. The first one is the shift towards customercentricity, both in terms of the design of the value proposition and the way of working with the customers. However, the findings show that companies in this context may experience difficulties with designing a value proposition that is desirable to the customer. Problems with demonstrating the benefits of the servitized value proposition might also arise. Furthermore, this thesis also concludes that there can be issues in translating a manufacturing company’s value proposition into concrete revenue streams and moving from traditional cost-based pricing methods to value-based pricing strategies. Also, manufacturing companies in this context might struggle to realize its value proposition if there is not a sufficient amount of dedicated resources, competences and activities dedicated to completing the transition. This thesis also concludes that in order to facilitate the process of business model innovation within the organization, there needs to be a supportive culture to the innovation, but also clear goals and strategies that fits the overall strategies of the company. These strategies also need to be appropriately communicated within the organization. Companies might experience difficulties in rooting the business model in the overall strategy, and failing to do so can affect the internal perception of the innovation in a negative manner. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of the concepts of the business model and innovation of the business model in the context of servitization. This study is performed as a context-specific study within a non-disruptive industry with a slow technological development, which differs the study from earlier research within this research field.
3
Jonason, Andreas. "Innovative pricing." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3221.
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4
Таранюк, Леонід Миколайович, Леонид Николаевич Таранюк, Leonid Mykolaiovych Taraniuk, V. Y. Shimko, and T. Marchenko. "Benchmarking Innovative Products of Enterprises." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/50471.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Benchmarking as the direction of the modern economy is a fusion of methods
and technologies of management and marketing, and is one of the fundamental
business processes of modern companies, allowing a systemic approach to identify
key targets for its development and enhance the effectiveness of the corporate
management.
5
Davila, Luis A. "Government participation in pricing farm products." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9830.
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6
Zhang, Jin. "Some innovative numerical approaches for pricing American options." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080915.125545/index.html.
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7
Sood, Anshul 1978. "Competitive multi-period pricing for perishable products." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17724.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-165).
Pricing of a perishable product over a multi-period time horizon is a challenging problem under an oligopolistic market framework. We propose and study a model for multi-period pricing in an oligopolistic market for a single perishable product. Each participating seller in the market has a fixed inventory of the product at the beginning of the time horizon and additional production is not an available option. Any unsold inventory at the end of the horizon is worthless. The sellers do not have the option of periodically reviewing and replenishing their inventory. Such a model is appropriate for modelling competition in situations where inventory replenishment decisions are made over a longer time horizon and can be considered exogenous to the pricing decision process. This kind of a setup can be used to model pricing of air fares, hotel reservations, bandwidth in communication networks, etc. In this thesis, we study two issues related to multi-period pricing of a perishable product. First we study the competitive aspect of the problem. Second we study the setup where the demand function for each seller has some associated uncertainty. We assume that the sellers would like to adopt a policy that is robust to adverse uncertain circumstances. We discuss the challenges associated with the analysis for this model.
(cont.) We study non-cooperative Nash equilibrium policies for the sellers. We discuss why known results from the literature do not extend to this model. We introduce an optimization approach using results from variational inequality theory and robust optimization to establish existence of the pricing equilibrium policy and comment on the uniqueness of the pricing equilibrium policy. We also introduce an iterative learning algorithm for computing the equilibrium policy and analyze its convergence. We study how much is lost in terms of efficiency (in terms of total system profit) due to competition. Finally, we illustrate our results with some numerical examples and discuss some insights.
by Anshul Sood.
Ph.D.
8
Dickinson, Graham. "Performance measurement and performance management of innovative products." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503368.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increasing interest is being shown in performance measurement, in both the academic literature and by practitioners. When implementing innovative products, organisations are facing issues of how to measure and manage the performance of the products concerned and how to do so in a worthwhile way. Reviewing existing literature suggests that there has been limited research on the value of performance measurement and management processes and indeed little conceptual distinction has been made between performance measurement and performance management. A conceptual framework is developed, structured around concepts from the existing literature showing two ways of distinguishing performance measurement and performance management. Performance management processes are shown as broader than performance measurement processes and the influences of the processes on performance are also displayed, another way of differentiating between the two concepts. The framework provides a structure for a pattern matching analysis using empirical data. Empirical data collection involved four case studies, each focusing on a medical device being implemented in the UK public healthcare sector. Forty-six semi-structured interviews explored performance measurement and performance management processes in the implementation of the innovative products, as well as exploring the influences of those processes on performance of the innovative products. The findings from the thesis highlight key performance measurement and performance management processes that occur in the implementation of innovative products, finding that the two can best be distinguished by their influence, or lack of influence, on performance. Performance reporting is also highlighted as a key concept. The findings indicate that performance measurement and reporting processes alone cannot be expected to have an influence on performance, however if performance management processes occur too then they can.
9
Caird, Sally Patricia. "Team approaches to developing innovative products and processes." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54174/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research aimed to identify the most appropriate team approaches for co-ordinating innovative products or process developments and for enhancing their success. Case studies were conducted in 25 UK companies, focusing on environmental technology projects. Research findings emphasised the diversity of organisational team approaches which were more complex when several departments, teams or companies were involved. Team approaches were broadly classified - 'single-disciplinary', 'multi-disciplinary' or 'multi-functional' - according to members' expertise and innovation function which could be more or less integrated. The results showed that: 1. Multi-tasking to meet all innovation functions reflected small firm limitations and small firms would benefit from more formal structures. Differences between medium- and large-sized firms were minimal since teams held more specialist expertise, However, the influence of firm size on innovation success was obscured and potentially negated by inter-company alliances. 2. Few differences in the management of minor and major company innovations applied since competitive pressures led to organisational innovation in each case, including integrated team approaches, inter-company alliances and company formations. 3. Multi-functional teams were important for achieving success in open markets because of their control over appropriate expertise, even though they did not guarantee commercial success or other benefits. Surprisingly, multi-functional teams were typically rated as unsatisfactory and ineffective by members which may have implications for staff morale and retention. 4. Inter-company teams represented opportunities for team learning and organisational development because company-based assumptions about organisational behaviour, expectations about inter-company operations and fears about inter-disciplinary teamworking were challenged. 5. Integrated teams were not sufficient for achieving team effectiveness and success outcomes, although most companies regarded their team as necessary for success. Complex team and innovation development processes emphasised the importance of the co-ordinator's role in managing unclear team and organisational boundaries associated with innovative developments. 6. Although the research supports the importance of teams for innovation success, team effectiveness had a more complex influence on success in open markets than on client-funded projects because of the nature of the teams and the influence of market and technological uncertainties.
10
Li, Yanzhi. "Joint pricing and inventory control for perishable products /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202006%20LI.
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11
Rana, Rupal. "Dynamic pricing for perishable products using reinforcement learning." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36855/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Revenue management is one of the successful applications of operations research. The area of revenue management we are concerned with, in this thesis is dynamic pricing. More specifically, we are concerned with establishing a pricing policy that maximises the revenue for a fixed number of products or services in a finite selling horizon. The characteristics of the industries considered are, the full inventory of items is available for sale at the beginning of the selling period, no re-ordering is allowed, and the items unsold by the deadline have a constant salvage value of zero.
12
Ye, Kelly (Kelly Yunqing). "Joint pricing and inventory decision for competitive products." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43094.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38).
We consider the joint pricing and inventory decision problem for a single retailer who orders, stocks and sells multiple products. The products are competitive in nature, e.g., these maybe similar products from multiple brands. Demand for a product depends on its price as well as the price of all competing products. We show that the optimal pricing and inventory policy is similar to the base-stock, list-price policy which is known to be optimal for the single product case. In addition, the base-stock level of each product is nonincreasing with the inventory level of other products. This structure suggests that one can improve profit by simultaneously managing all the products rather than managing each product independently of other products.
by Kelly (Yunqing) Ye.
S.M.
13
Katsura, Yuichi. "Efficient pricing and hedging of structured credit products." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7400.
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14
McCoy, Andrew P. "Commercialization for Innovative Products in the Residential Construction Industry." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28550.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work presents the development of a new framework for the commercialization of innovative products in the residential construction industry. It is the aim of this work to identify commercialization decisions, actions, risks, barriers and accelerators specific to the residential construction industry market that will increase the acceptance of product innovations for those developing them.
Commercialization is broadly defined as the process of developing a business enterprise from an idea, through feasibility and implementation, to its acceptance into a market (USDOE 1999, Goldsmith 2003). Commercialization frameworks describe the concurrent decisions and actions along the innovation development process, optimizing all of the technical and business decisions required for a successful introduction to the marketplace. Successful commercialization frameworks serve as a form of development plan, promoting solutions to questions and problems that arise along the development path.
This research derives such a framework for the commercialization of innovative products and makes it specific to residential construction through the following tasks:
1. Understanding standard terminology: defining innovation and commercialization as they relate to this work.
2. Creating a lens for the unique nature of commercialization in this industry: deriving a commercialization framework (matrix) from the research literature in business, construction, and concurrent engineering, capable of accepting later alterations.
3. Understanding the manufacturer's role and risks: conducting case study interviews for fifteen innovative residential construction products that specify important tasks, risks and benefits for commercialization.
4. Understanding the role, risks and benefits of builders, as users of innovation: comparing case studies and workshop surveys of many residential construction industry players that focus on the builder to establish parameters for the innovation commercialization matrix.
5. Linking both manufacturer and builder: comparing manufacturer commercialization best-practices with builder adoption patterns for innovative products over time.Ph. D.
15
Hayes, Thomas J. III. "The Creative Entrepreneurs Organization: Developing Innovative Products and Businesses." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35748.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Global socioeconomic trends are changing the nature of the American workplace. To address the challenges brought about by these changes, American engineering education must focus on developing students into future professionals, equipped to thrive in the fast-paced, technologically intense, globally competitive workplace of the future. One of the most effective ways to prepare students to face the future is by teaching them to innovate.This thesis presents the "Creative Entrepreneurs Organization: Developing Innovative Products and Businesses" (CEO) concept as a method by which Virginia Tech could help students learn innovation. The CEO concept is a student-involvement program intended to develop students into successful entrepreneurs as they work together in small teams to develop and market intellectual property. This Program is intended to produce revenue for the University by virtue of the successful commercialization of the intellectual properties it generates. Additionally, the CEO Program will allow faculty and students to share in the financial rewards associated with the intellectual properties they generate.
The CEO Program concept is presented in light of current trends in the business and academic worlds. Various issues related to its implementation are addressed. The Program is evaluated for its expected value to students, to the University, to the State, and to the Nation. A survey is presented by which the success of the Program can be measured.
For the CEO concept to be successfully realized, several challenges must be overcome. First, the University must embrace this somewhat unorthodox Program in which both educational and financial motives play significant roles. Second, there must be a Program Advocate who will be able to effectively communicate the value and feasibility of the Program. Third, fiscal and physical resources must be available to ensure the successful start-up and operation of the CEO Program. Finally, the Program must find ways to nurture creativity in its participants.
I conclude that the effort required to implement the CEO Program is outweighed by its potential benefits to students, to the University, to the State of Virginia, and to the Nation. Therefore, I recommend that the Virginia Tech College of Engineering consider the CEO Program for implementation.
Master of Science
16
Bilovodska, Olena. "Integral evaluation of intermediaries during the innovative products commercialization." Thesis, Технодрук, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Author proposed an estimating criteria system for distribution channel participants which deepens the existing theoretical and methodological approaches for intermediaries evaluation within the framework of marketing distribution policy and improves the efficiency of the participants selecting process for the channel during the time of commercializing innovative products of industrial enterprises.
17
Wadhwa, Hitendra K. S. (Hitendra Kumar Singh). "Models for pricing and inventory management of seasonal products." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10800.
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18
Zhang, Lei Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. "Multi-period pricing for perishable products : uncertainty and competition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-109).
The pricing problem in a multi-period setting is a challenging problem and has attracted much attention in recent years. In this thesis, we consider a monopoly and an oligopoly pricing problem. In the latter, several sellers simultaneously seek an optimal pricing policy for their products. The products are assumed to be differentiated and substitutable. Each seller has the option to set prices for her products at each time period, and her goal is to find a pricing policy that will yield the maximum overall profit. Each seller has a fixed initial inventory of each product to be allocated over the entire time horizon and does not have the option to produce additional inventory between periods. There are no holding costs or back-order costs. In addition, the products are perishable and have no salvage costs. This means that at the end of the entire time horizon, any remaining products will be worthless. The demand function each seller faces for each product is uncertain and is affected by both the prices at the current period and past pricing history for her and her competitors. In this thesis, we address both the uncertain and the competitive aspect of the problem. First, we study the uncertain aspect of the problem in a simplified setting, where there is only one seller and two periods in the model.
(cont.) We use ideas of robust optimization, adjustable robust optimization, dynamic programming and stochastic optimization to find adaptable closed loop pricing policies. Theoretical and numerical results show how the budget of uncertainty, the presence of a reference price, delayed resource allocation, and feedback control affect the quality of the pricing policies. Second, we extend the model to a multi-period setting, where the computation becomes a major issue. We use a delayed constraint generation method to significantly increase the size of the problem that our models can handle. Finally, we consider the pricing problem in an oligopoly setting. We show the existence of solution for both the best response subproblem and the market equilibrium problem for all of the models we discuss in the thesis. We also consider an iterative learning algorithm and illustrate through simulations that an equilibrium pricing policy can be computed for all of our models.
by Lei Zhang.
S.M.
19
Li, Feng. "Optimal dynamic pricing for two perishable and substitutable products." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9630.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis presents a dynamic pricing model where a seller offers two types of a generic product to a random number of customers. Customers show up sequentially. When a customer arrives, he will ---depending on the prices---either purchase one unit of type 1 product or one unit of type 2 product, or will leave empty-handed. The sale ends either when the entire stock is sold out, or when the customers are exhausted. The seller's task is to post the optimal prices for the two product types to each customer to maximize the expected total revenue. We use dynamic programming to formulate this problem, and derive the optimal policy for special cases. For general cases, we develop an algorithm to approximate the optimal policy and use numerical examples to demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm.
Finally, we apply the results to a continuous-time model where customers arrive according to a Poisson process. We develop a heuristic policy and use numerical examples to show the heuristic policy is very effective.Master of Science
20
Mutlu, Özcan. "Determination of optimal pricing and warranty policies." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=900.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 147 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-113).
21
Hansson, Fredrik. "A pricing and performance study on auto-callable structured products." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102701.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract We propose an algorithm to price and analyze the performance of auto-callable structured _nancial products. The algorithm contains Monte-Carlo simulations in order to reproduce, as probable as possible, a future product. This model is then compared to other, previously presented models. The di_erent in-data parameters together with a time dependency study is then performed to evaluate what one might expect when investing in these products. Numerical results conclude that, the risks taken by the investor closely reect the potential return for each product. When constructing these products for the near future, one must closely evaluate the demand from the investors i.e. evaluate the level of risk that the investors are willing to take.
22
Zhang, Shengqiu, and 张盛球. "Dynamic pricing strategies for new products with extended warranty contracts." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209470.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An extended warranty provides consumers the opportunity to rectify product failures at little or no cost after the expiry of the base warranty. Empirical evidence has shown that the selling of extended warranty contract (EWC) has become a profitable business in many manufacturing and retail industries. This thesis investigates the dynamic pricing problem for a new product with the option of purchasing an extended warranty contract (EWC). The research simultaneously determines the pricing strategies for both the product and the associated EWC, and the production rate to maximize the manufacturer’s long-term total profit. The results show that the provision of EWC will significantly affect the optimal pricing strategy for the new product, and may also affect its optimal production plan.
The research establishes three mathematical models for making optimal pricing decisions under different operational settings. The first model considers a centralized selling system in which the manufacturer sells the product and offers the associated EWC to the consumer directly. The second model extends the first one by incorporating the production and inventory decisions in the analysis. The third model considers a decentralized system in which the manufacturer sells the new product to consumers through an independent retailer. The EWC can be offered either by the manufacturer or by the retailer. It is shown that each scenario leads to a differential Stackelberg game in which the manufacturer and the retailer are players.
For the first model, the Pontryagin maximum principle is used to derive the necessary condition for the optimal pricing strategies for both the new product and the associated EWC. Some properties for pricing the new product optimally are then studied. Apart from analysing the characteristics of the optimal pricing strategy under general demand conditions, closed-form solutions for the problem are also derived for some specific demand functions. In cases where closed-form solutions cannot be found, a gradient algorithm is applied to solve the problem numerically. In the second model, the production rate becomes a decision variable because the unit production cost depends on the chosen production rate. Results of the analysis show that the optimal selling price for the EWC remains the same as that in the first model, while the optimal selling price for the new product are affected by the production rate. The results also show that the gradient algorithm fails to converge, thus is no longer suitable for the second model due to the complexity caused by the boundary conditions. A more robust control vector parameterization method is then developed to compute the numerical solution. Analysing the third model theoretically indicates that some necessary conditions related to the optimal wholesale price and the optimal retail price must be satisfied for the existence of an open-loop Stackelberg equilibrium. Some important managerial insights are derived on the basis of the properties characterizing the optimal solution. The control vector parameterization method is then further developed to solve the differential game problem. Numerical experiments are then carried out to demonstrate which distribution channel results in the largest profit.published_or_final_version
Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
23
Frias-Peña, Julio. "The strategic role of industrial designers in developing innovative products." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416315.
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Lobasenko, Valeriia. "Consumer behavior towards innovative products : which methodologies for which values?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE002/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser les différents types de valeurs qui déterminent et expliquent les choix et comportements des consommateurs avec une attention particulière pour les produits innovants. Plus particulièrement, on cherche à déterminer leurs consentements à payer pour des produits innovants avec des caractéristiques durables d’une part, et comment les préférences du consommateur et les caractéristiques du produit interviennent dans le processus de la prise de la décision d’autre part.Dans le premier chapitre, nous affirmons que les préférences individuelles sont reflétées dans leurs consentements à payer pour un produit / service et sont basées sur les valeurs individuelles. Ces valeurs sont stables pour chaque individu, guident ses préférences et ses actions en tant qu'individu (valeurs personnelles) et en tant qu'agent économique (valeurs client et consommateur). En se focalisant sur la consommation de produits innovants et durables, cette thèse aborde également les valeurs environnementales et innovantes.L'analyse des valeurs pour les produits innovants est d'une grande importance pour les entreprises, car elle permet d'anticiper les préférences et leurs changements, et par là même, elle contribue à la définition des priorités dans les processus de développement de nouvelles offres de produits.Les systèmes complexes de ces valeurs entraînent des défis particuliers pour l'estimation, qui sont discutés dans le chapitre 2. Notamment, l'exactitude des estimations du CAP dépend du choix de la méthode utilisée par le chercheur.Les résultats obtenus montrent que les consommateurs ont une valorisation positive de produits innovants avec des caractéristiques durables. Ces valorisations sont basées sur les préférences des consommateurs et ses valeurs personnelles et de consommateur. Les études empiriques présentées dans les chapitres 3 et 4 proposent deux approches expérimentales qui contribuent à la compréhension des comportements des consommateurs à l'égard de produits innovants et à la compréhension des difficultés et défis des méthodes expérimentales d'élicitation de préférences pour ces produits/services. En outre, ils démontrent la validité du concept des valeurs dans le comportement des consommateursThe general purpose of this thesis is to analyze the different types of values that determine and explain the choices and behavior of consumers with a particular focus on innovative products. Specifically, we want to know whether consumers are willing to pay for innovative products with sustainable features and how consumer preferences and characteristics of the product are involved in the process of the decision-making. In addition, we test new methods for such estimations.In the Chapter 1 we claim that individual preferences are reflected in willingness to pay for a product/service and are based on individual’s values. These values are stable for each individual, guide his/her preferences and actions as an individual (personal values) and as an economic agent (customer and consumer values). With the focus on the consumption of innovative and sustainable products, this thesis discusses also environmental and innovative values.The importance of value analysis for innovative products is of a high importance for companies, because it allows to anticipate preferences and their changes, and by this, helps to define the priorities of new product development processes.The complex systems of these values result in particular challenges for the estimation, discussed in Chapter 2. Therefore, the accuracy of WTP estimates depends on the choice of the method used by the researcher.The obtained results show that consumers have positive valuations of innovative products with sustainable characteristics. These valuations are based on consumers preferences and values inherent to him/her are an individual and as a consumer. The empirical studies presented in Chapters 3 and 4 offer two experimental approaches, which contribute to the understanding of consumer behavior towards innovative products and to the understanding of the difficulties and challenges for experimental methods of preference elicitation for these products/services. In addition, they demonstrate the validity of value theory in consumer behavior
25
Cuthbert, David S. (David Scott). "Innovative ordering and distribution of grocery products using advanced telecommunications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12102.
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26
Osman, Abdelghafour Mohamed. "Structured products: Pricing, hedging and applications for life insurance companies." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-119969.
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Neven, D. J. "On the pricing and selection of differentiated products in oligopoly." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371709.
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28
Liou, Ching-Pin. "The lattice approaches for pricing path-dependent mortgage-related products." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057678646.
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29
Philipps, Jörg [Verfasser]. "Pricing and Hedging of Unit-Linked Life Insurance Products / Jörg Philipps." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025821246/34.
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30
Chu, Chi Chiu. "Pricing models of equity-linked insurance products and LIBOR exotic derivatives /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MATH%202005%20CHU.
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Bi, Yalin. "Estimation and pricing for substitutable products in choice-based revenue management." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/420666/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
-It has been proved that choice-based Revenue Management can result in significant increases in revenue in situations where a seller is pricing a set of substitutable products. This is particularly applicable to the transport industry and we present an example of train ticket sales. Estimating customer choice models is difficult, particularly in situations where the data file is incomplete. We use the Multinomial Logit (MNL) model to describe customer preferences, and a two-step algorithm to jointly estimate the parameters of this model and the customer arrival rate. A simple Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is also applied to update our belief of arrival rate and customer choice model. The dynamic programming model for the choice-based pricing problem suffers from the “curse of dimensionality ”. The computational time increases dramatically and makes it impossible to solve the problem with exact solutions. Approximate dynamic programming methods can be used to solve the problem. We propose a new approximation method that reduces the running time. The thesis will describe the complete methodology that we have implemented and provide some numerical results. As these are live sales systems, it is important that the system continues to earn revenues while the parameters are being estimated. A decision-making problem is needed to maintain a balance between the learning of customer preference (exploration) and earning (exploitation) in choice-based Revenue Management. In order to maximise the total revenue, the seller must decide whether to choose the current optimal price (exploitation) or to set prices that help to better estimate customer choice behaviour (exploration). We propose two pulling policies in a Multi-armed Bandit (MAB) experiment to balance the trade-off between exploration and exploitation.
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Ferrer, Juan-Carlos O. 1970. "Pricing bundles of products and services in the high-tech industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8528.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-172).
The High-Tech industry faces tremendous complexity in product design because of the large number of different products that can be offered and the mix of products and services that exists. Information Technology (IT) products and services available in the market are increasing exponentially. Bundling appears in this industry as a natural mechanism to reduce complexity for sellers and buyers and to reduce variability on the customer's valuation of individual products. The first chapter of this dissertation discusses these issues. Chapter Two addresses the real-world problem of pricing bundles of IT services and products contracts when there is a high setup cost. Customers pay a fixed monthly fee. The company finances the hardware (HW) and software (SW) while the services and support are paid in a monthly basis out of the fee. The solution approach computes the monthly fee to be charged for every offered bundle, taking into account that customers may defect before the end of the contract. The dynamics of the system account for defection of current customers and arrival of new ones, at each period. Optimal pricing policies and equilibrium points of the system are characterized. Chapter Three addresses the determination of the optimal bundle's composition and price while maximizing total expected profits. The setting is a high-tech company in a highly competitive environment that must build a bundle and put it out in the market. Bundles are built from a set of components that meet technical constraints. The customers' choice among competitors' bundles (not under the company's control) and the company's bundle (under its control) is modeled in a random utility framework. A nonlinear mixed integer programming formulation of the company's decision problem is presented and solved.
(cont.) Chapter Four analyzes telecommunications networks for broadband services. The network consists of several regions whose connecting links have a given bandwidth capacity at each point in time. Bandwidth is an intangible perishable commodity that has to be sold in advance. The network owner faces the problem of selling the available bandwidth capacity of the delivery period from the present to the last selling period. In the analysis, the network owner faces an external demand for each market or product (capacity between two cities) that can be fulfilled by assigning capacity of the corresponding arc (direct link) or by assigning capacity of an alternative path (indirect link), incurring a higher cost. Customers do not distinguish between routings as long as the requested connection between the pair of cities fulfills the specified Quality of Service. The goal is to maximize the network owner's revenues while deciding on each period whether or not to bundle links.
by Juan-Carlos O. Ferrer.
Ph.D.
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Trottier, Denis-Alexandre. "Essays on modeling, hedging and pricing of insurance and financial products." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29926.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse est composée de trois articles abordant différentes problématiques en relation avec la modélisation, la couverture et la tarification des risques d’assurance et financiers. “A general class of distortion operators for pricing contingent claims with applications to CAT bonds” est un projet présentant une méthode générale pour dériver des opérateurs de distorsion compatibles avec la valorisation sans arbitrage. Ce travail offre également une nouvelle classe simple d’opérateurs de distorsion afin d’expliquer les primes observées dans le marché des obligations catastrophes. “Local hedging of variable annuities in the presence of basis risk” est un travail dans lequel une méthode de couverture des rentes variables en présence de risque de base est développée. La méthode de couverture proposée bénéficie d’une exposition plus élevée au risque de marché et d’une diversification temporelle du risque pour obtenir un rendement excédentaire et faciliter l’accumulation de capital. “Option pricing under regime-switching models : Novel approaches removing path-dependence” est un projet dans lequel diverses mesures neutres au risque sont construites pour les modèles à changement de régime de manière à générer des processus de prix d’option qui ne présentent pas de dépendance au chemin, en plus de satisfaire d’autres propriétés jugées intuitives et souhaitables.This thesis is composed of three papers addressing different issues in relation to the modeling, hedging and pricing of insurance and financial risks. “A general class of distortion operators for pricing contingent claims with applications to CAT bonds” is a project presenting a general method for deriving probability distortion operators consistent with arbitrage-free pricing. This work also offers a simple novel class of distortions operators for explaining catastrophe (CAT) bond spreads. “Local hedging of variable annuities in the presence of basis risk” is a work in which a method to hedge variable annuities in the presence of basis risk is developed. The proposed hedging scheme benefits from a higher exposure to equity risk and from time diversification of risk to earn excess return and facilitate the accumulation of capital. “Option pricing under regime-switching models: Novel approaches removing path-dependence” is a project in which various risk-neutral measures for hidden regime-switching models are constructed in such a way that they generate option price processes which do not exhibit path-dependence in addition to satisfy other properties deemed intuitive and desirable.
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Passalidou, Eudokia. "Optimal premium pricing strategies for nonlife products in competitive insurance markets." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2033901/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Non-life insurance pricing depends on different costs including claim and business acquisition costs, management expenses and other parameters such as margin for fluctuations in claims experience, expected profits etc. Nevertheless, in a competitive insurance market environment, company's premium should respond to changes in the level of premiums being offered by competitors. In this thesis, two major issues are being investigated. Primarily, it is explored how a company's optimal strategy can be determined in a competitive market and secondly a connection between this strategy and market's competition is established. More specifically, two functional equations for the volume of business are proposed. In the first place, the volume of business function is related to the past year's experience, the average premium of the market, the company's premium and a stochastic disturbance. Thus, an optimal premium strategy which maximizes the total expected linear discounted utility of company's wealth over a finite time horizon is defined analytically and endogenously. In the second place, the volume of business function is enriched with company's reputation, for the first time according to the author's knowledge. Moreover, the premium elasticity and reputation elasticity of the volume of business are taking into consideration. Thus, an optimal premium strategy which maximizes the total expected linear discounted utility of company's wealth over a finite time horizon is calculated and for some special cases analytical solutions are presented. Furthermore, an upper bound or a minimum premium excess strategy is found for a company with positive reputation and positive premium elasticity of the volume of business. Thirdly, the calculation of a fair premium in a competitive market is discussed. A nonlinear premium-reserve (P-R) model is presented and the premium is derived by minimizing a quadratic performance criterion concerns the present value of the reserve. The reserve is a stochastic equation, which includes an additive random nonlinear function of the state, premium and not necessarily Gaussian noise which is independently distributed in time, provided only that the mean value and the covariance of the random function is zero and a quadratic function of the state, premium and other parameters, respectively. In this quadratic representation of the covariance function, new parameters are implemented and enriched further the previous linear models, such as the income insurance elasticity of demand, the number of insured and the inflation in addition to the company's reputation. Interestingly, for the very first time, the derived optimal premium in a competitive market environment is also depended on the company's reserve among the other parameters. In each chapter numerical applications show the applicability of the proposed models and their results are further explained and analyzed. Finally, suggestions for further research and summary of the conclusions complete the thesis.
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Natcheva-Acar, Kalina [Verfasser]. "On numerical pricing methods of innovative financial products / Kalina Natcheva-Acar." 2007. http://d-nb.info/982612087/34.
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"Innovative Insurance Products in Food Safety: Pricing Revenue Insurance in the Fresh Spinach Industry." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.18133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
abstract: The lack of food safety in a grower's produce presents the grower with two risks; (1) that an item will need to be recalled from the market, incurring substantial costs and damaging brand equity and (2) that the entire market for the commodity becomes impaired as consumers associate all produce as being risky to eat. Nowhere is this more prevalent than in the leafy green industry, where recalls are relatively frequent and there has been one massive E. coli outbreak that rocked the industry in 2006. The purpose of this thesis is to examine insurance policies that protect growers from these risks. In doing this, a discussion of current recall insurance policies is presented. Further, actuarially fair premiums for catastrophic revenue insurance policies are priced through a contingent claims framework. The results suggest that spinach industry revenue can be insured for $0.02 per carton. Given the current costs of leafy green industry food safety initiatives, growers may be willing to pay for such an insurance policy.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Agribusiness 2013
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Vitorino, Tomás Miguel Marques. "Riberalves consulting lab on innovation - the new codfish products´ pricing strategy recommendations." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/122972.
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Chen, Jian You, and 陳建佑. "The research of innovative product pricing strategy: Take intelligent interact equipment on elder health care“Dr. e”as a study case." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74630308822180310211.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士長庚大學
企業管理研究所
97
This study focused on investigated and planed a suitable price on long distance health care system “Dr.e”. In order to find the optimal price between supply and demand, we calculated the target population income situation and product cost on software and hardware during the process of developing “Dr.e” system. According to the market survey about society structure changes in Taiwan area: population after The Second World War toward to agedness, the trend of fewer children, and people who were above 65 years old at lease have two chronic disease. Therefore, there existed a huge business opportunity in elderly care market. To cooperate with government policy, we composed an interdisciplinary collaborate innovation design team, which included hospital clinical experience area, engineering technology area, and innovative design area. By interdisciplinary collaborate and user-centered approach, we tried to create the highest value on R&D and marketing for long distance health care system “Dr. e”. The study accomplished product position: average price but provided with very useful functions than other types in the market. Target population can divided into four parts: home, community, institution, and people who were not reach 65 years old but they regarded their health condition and wanted to have some device that can measure or consult to maintain their health on body and mentality. By interviewing with experts, this study found four “Dr. e” system values: database value, information value, device value, and value added. Hence, we could more clearly found product opportunity gap and calculate the maximum profit on “Dr. e” care system. So, these works would be very helpful in the process of planning an optimal and reasonable price on “Dr. e”. We would especially like to thank the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Republic of China, Taiwan for financially supporting ‘The research and Development of Intelligent Clinical Device for Elders’ Healthcare’ under Contract, No. 96-EC-17-A-19-S1-055.
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Nguyen, Thang Quang 1977. "Quality innovation: driving forces and implications for production, trade, and consumption." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dissertation has three main chapters on product quality innovation. First, we compare innovation effort and social welfare between monopoly, duopoly, and the social planner in a dynamic model with quality dependent on a continuous know-how stock. The technology frontier--the largest reachable know-how socks--does not always positively depend on competitiveness, i.e. a duopoly may technologically surpass the social planner. However, social welfare is always positively tied to competitiveness. Second, with a general equilibrium model, we derive a relative price function expressing productivity and quality effects, and develop a method for inferring relative quality changes. An application to services versus goods of the US from 1946-2006 provides evidence on aggregate quality changes and suggests us to incorporate quality variations when explaining relative prices. Third, we build a two-product model where productivity changes lead to reallocations of labor between quantity production and quality innovation. The correlation between relative productivity and relative quality is negative for low-range substitutability and positive for medium-range substitutability between two products. Looking at services versus goods of the US, the correlation is negative and productivity-driven quality can play a significant role in general quality development.
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"Sequential Innovation and Hybrid Seed Pricing: The Lessons from Canola Industry in Canada." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2015-10-2339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study attempts to fill a gap in the literature by exploring the physical and economic forces that influence the dynamic path of hybrid seed pricing for a broad acre crop over time. Of the physical and economic forces influencing the dynamic path of hybrid development, the sequential and cumulative nature of crop development is particularly discussed. Specifically, the canola hybrid seed industry in Canada is studied. This study will have particularly important implications for industries that are considering stronger intellectual property rights inside and outside Canada.
The model presented in Chapter 2 makes a significant contribution to the “product variety” literature. While Chamberlinian models are confined to one representative consumer and location models are not very helpful in analysis of more than two characteristics, the model developed in Chapter 2 incorporates differentiated buyers and multiple characteristics. Schumpeter’s temporary market power can be derived from new characteristics embodied in old products. Results show that more progressive industries are likely to have a smaller equilibrium number of firms and shorter product cycles, ceteris paribus.
Chapter 3 endogenizes rate of yield potential growth as a function of firms’ initial investment. Results show that greater investment productivity results in fewer varieties in the market, shorter product cycles, higher prices, higher profit levels, lower optimal investment, and higher consolidation. Also, it is shown that if increased differentiation creates enough space in the market for a new entrant, then entry of a new rival will increase competition and may result in a decrease in the incumbents’ profit.
Chapter 4 uses data from Canadian canola industry to empirically test some of the propositions discussed in Chapter 2. Results confirm that as a variety becomes more specific its market share decreases. It is also shown that degree of specificity is a proper measure of adaptability for seed varieties as it provides high explanatory power in the regression models and also can be used to make direct economic interpretation.
Chapter 5 presents a conclusion, policy implications, and potential approaches for future research.
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Chen, Yen-Chih, and 陳彥志. "Innovative Insurance Products in Aged Society." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48t84p.
Повний текст джерела
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Liao, Yi-Xiang, and 廖益祥. "Optimal Pricing Policy for Warranted Products." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6h4w63.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
博士國立臺灣科技大學
資訊管理系
100
In a competitive market environment, the main strategic decision for a seller is determining a price schedule with respect to a specific marketing feature of the product. This paper investigates how a monopolistic seller can optimally determine the price schedule for a product with different warranty plans. By incorporating buyers' heterogeneous preferences on product warranty length, the pricing problem of a product for the seller is mathematically formulated. Four different pricing scenarios of warranted products under varies optimization objective are developed to specify the pricing problems for the seller. In each scenario, the optimal price schedule is derived such that the optimization objective is maximized by employing an optimal control approach. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the features of the proposed problem in each scenario and the sensitivity analyses of the parameters on the optimal solutions are also performed.
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Hsieh, Chien-Yu, and 謝見侑. "Two-Stage Pricing of Seasonal Products." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11887976559357748730.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中央大學
工業管理研究所
97
We consider that a decision maker determines the production quantity and the selling price of a seasonal product to maximize profit. Generally, seasonal products have two features, a fixed inventory of product and a limited sale period. Lee (2001) developed a single period model to study how the decision maker of a seasonal product production system to determine the appropriate cost in forecasting. And Shao (2007) studied optimal pricing strategies for seasonal products by using Dynamic programming. In our study, the decision maker based on the prior information can determine the best production quantity and the best selling price of a seasonal product. With the sales data obtained from the first sale period, we propose a Bayesian method to determine a better pricing strategy for the decision maker.
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Lan, Liang-Yu, and 藍亮宇. "Innovative Online Business Model of Dairy Products." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/984x56.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
105
2008 China Toxic Milk Powder Incident and 2014 Food Safety Storm led to people’ losing trust of dairy products and looking forward to safer and inartificial ones. Thus, the purpose of this study is to create a new business model, to meet the balance between supply and demand, and to provide a linking platform to market. In Taiwan’s current dairy products market, the producer and the consumer are too far away; the risk of damage, product delivery and refrigeration costs are high as well. There are some companies who do the purchase and shipment business, we call them middleman. For small farmers, due to the need of manufacturing and selling the products through middleman, who tend to reduce the purchase price to reach economies of scale, or the establishment of its own brand and finding their own new channel, both these ways are not easy. Based on the above problems, this paper designs a new platform, through online and offline interaction, to manage community business. In addition, the platform further calculates the food mileage so as to emphasize environmental protection. Establishing a fair and transparent verification mechanism to ensure that consumers buy fresh and non-toxic high-quality dairy products is another goal. The business model’s future will be fantasized and positioned as farms full of happiness.
45
Kao, Hao Hsuan, and 高顥軒. "Conflict-based Systematic Identification of Innovative Products." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77325084322781303628.
Повний текст джерела
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Liu, Chung-Kai, and 劉仲凱. "Innovative Electronic Commerce Model of Fresh Products." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03397447085564226228.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
104
Compare to industrial agriculture, local agriculture is not only more sustainable for the environment but also can improve the profit of small farmers, instead of letting the money earned by agriculture enterprises. The products of local agriculture are healthier and tasty to human and its will bring business to the local country. In Taiwan''s traditional fresh products industry, producers and consumers are located in the southern and northern regions so it’s a long way to transport fresh products. There are some companies who do the purchase and shipment business, we call them middleman. On the way of shipment, in addition of shipping fee costs, because fresh products are easier to rot, another cost is damage cost. Therefore, middleman should consider these two costs when they purchase fresh products. Because of these two costs, the purchase price is very low, so only industrial agriculture can meet the condition of economic scale. For local agriculture, the amount of product is relatively much lower than industrial agriculture, so it can’t meet the condition of economic scale, therefore, the farmers of local agriculture should find another way to sell their products. Recently, there are many new e-commerce companies who sell fresh products. Compare to traditional fresh products industry, these companies let consumers easily connect with producers by internet so they don’t need middleman to deal with the transaction. Therefore, the profits which originally earned by middleman can transfer to producers. But for consumers, they need to make order early and will receive shipments after many days. Compare to traditional purchasing process, consumers need to wait for a long time, this kind of process is not consistent with consumer behavior. In order to fulfill the unmet needs of consumers and small size farm, this paper develops a new business model to help small size farm to sell their products, consumers to buy healthy and tasty food materials and change the structure of fresh products industry.
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Sarmento, Miguel da Fonseca Botelho Rodrigues. "Exploration of innovative products in airline services." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21409.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the fierce competition inherent in the aviation industry combined with low profitability and high operating costs, airlines are called upon to pursue additional revenue in order to be financially sustainable. This research work examines the offer of the airlines seeking to understand the needs of passengers and the opportunities that potentially arise from them. In collaboration with TAP Air Portugal, the path is to innovate in the areas of ancillary services by improving the value proposition offered to passengers and by selling more through direct channels.
Passenger’s travelling journey is analyzed trying to understand passenger preferences along this process. The relationship between the passenger and the airline specifically on passenger trust, airline reliability and acceptance of new products and services are explored. Lastly, it is also analyzed the possibility of airlines in reselling the airplane tickets.
Through the design and execution of an online survey, primary data was collected from the responses of 300 air passengers in order to explore passenger needs and the potential of innovative airline products and services. Therefore, through statistical analysis, it was found the reasons that make passengers not to acquire their airplane ticket directly with the airline. It was found that passengers are not satisfied with the information obtained and that they feel the need of being well advised to properly plan and make their trips. It was also found that passengers demonstrate a positive acceptance to exchange their airplane ticket, to a similar date, as long as they are refunded for doing so.Devido à forte concorrência inerente à indústria da aviação, combinada com baixos lucros e custos operacionais significativos, as companhias aéreas necessitam captar receitas adicionais para serem financeiramente sustentáveis. Este trabalho de pesquisa examina as companhias aéreas procurando perceber as necessidades dos passageiros e as oportunidades que daí surjam. Em colaboração com a TAP Air Portugal, o caminho passa pela inovação na venda de "ancillaries" aumentando a proposta de valor ao cliente e vendendo mais nos canais diretos. Assim, a jornada de viagem do passageiro é analisada tentando perceber as suas preferências ao longo deste processo. A relação do passageiro com as companhias aéreas nomeadamente aos níveis de confiança, fiabilidade e aceitação de novos produtos e serviços são explorados. Por último, foi também analisada a possibilidade de as companhias aéreas revenderem os bilhetes de avião. Através da criação e execução de um inquérito online foram obtidos dados relativamente a 300 passageiros que usualmente viajam de avião de modo a explorar as suas necessidades e potenciais inovações em produtos e serviços. Assim, através de analises estatísticas, foram apuradas as razões que levam os passageiros a não adquirir o seu bilhete de avião diretamente com a companhia aérea. Foi apurado que os passageiros não estão satisfeitos com a informação que obtêm e que sentem a necessidade em serem devidamente aconselhados ao fazerem as suas viagens. Foi também apurado que os passageiros demonstram um nível positivo de aceitação para trocarem o seu bilhete de avião, para uma data próxima, se forem reembolsados para o fazer.
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Huang, Sin-Huei, and 黃欣慧. "Pricing Analysis on Structured Products: An example of equity linked products." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k4aa87.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
財務金融系
103
This study separately applies the historical and implied volatility to estimate the prices of the single equity-linked structured products and basket equity-linked structured products. And, it analyzes the performance of equity-linked structured products. The price samples of equity-linked structured products are extracted from the contracts of transaction in the market and simulative structured products of this study. The performance criterion is the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the relative error of the estimated and the sample prices. For the single equity-linked structured products, the historical volatility performs better than the implied volatility. However, the implied volatility performs better than the historical volatility for pricing the basket equity-linked structured products. Since the single equity-linked structured products had shorter time to maturity, and the basket of equity-linked structured products had longer time to expiration, thus, the historical volatility is considered to price the single equity-linked structured products and the implied volatility is considered to price the basket equity-linked structured products. The research results can provide reference information to investors while choosing customized structured products.
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Cheng, Hsiu-Fang, and 鄭秀芳. "On the Strategies of Leisure Products Pricing." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99632494613293763735.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立嘉義大學
休閒事業管理研究所
94
The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of leisure products purchasing intention between price discount and discount level, the changes of discount levels to revisit willingness, and the effects of pricing sensitivity to purchasing intention. The research models are based on theories in the following areas: leisure products, price promotion strategies, and market segments. Convenience sample sampling method is used to survey the tourists in the Sontenkan Leisure Farm as an example. Questionnaires have been collected in this farm as well. The results of this study show that the pricing discount and discount level would affect leisure products purchasing intention. Different discount levels may raise revisiting willingness, and price sensitivity will influence the purchasing intention. Pricing strategies and discount levels of different market segments play an important role in the purchasing intention.
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Lin, I.-Chen, and 林奕成. "The Pricing and Analysis of Structured Products." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99058011819445657488.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北大學
統計學系
100
This study is mainly in view of the Principal Guaranteed Linked Notes, namely foreign currency linked notes and multi-asset notes constructed by financial engineering methods, in hopes to enable investors and distributors to understand the characteristic and risks of the structured products. This paper not only applies Monte Carlo simulations methods to calculate the price of an Asian option from foreign currency structured notes, but also Multivariate Monte Carlo simulations methods to simulate stock price. This study analyzes the profit rates and stock price of structured products, and discusses weather its value would vary by the volatility of the underlying asset or should other factors be accounted for as well. By taking a closer look at structured notes, we hope to provide a guideline for those who need decision-makings.