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1
Han, J. H., and B. Ahn. "Multiple-regime price transmission between wheat and wheat flour prices in Korea." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 61, No. 12 (June 6, 2016): 552–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/47/2015-agricecon.
2
Weldesenbet, T. "Asymmetric price transmission in the Slovak liquid milk market." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 59, No. 11 (November 29, 2013): 512–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/150/2012-agricecon.
Анотація:
The divergence in liquid milk price trends has raised concern about the efficiency of the milk market price transmission in Slovakia. The paper provides empirical evidence on the price transmission among the producer, wholesale, and retail markets of liquid milk in Slovakia, using the monthly data from 1993 to 2010. The empirical analysis is based on the Granger causality and the Johansen cointegration tests and on the asymmetry tests (Houck approach and error correction model approach). The causality test results show that the changes in producer prices cause changes in the wholesale and retail prices; there is a feedback from the retail to producer prices. Moreover, the direction of causality between the wholesale and retail prices flows in both directions. The long-run elasticities of price transmission are, as expected, greater than the short-run elasticities. The cointegration results indicate that the wholesale and producer prices as well as the retail and producer prices are cointegrated, but there is no evidence of cointegration between the wholesale and retail prices. The results of an asymmetric error correction models suggest that the price transmission in the Slovakian liquid milk market is asymmetric both in the short- and long-runs.
3
Tan, Yanwen, and Huasheng Zeng. "Price transmission, reserve regulation and price volatility." China Agricultural Economic Review 11, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-04-2017-0062.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether Chinese pork reserve regulation policy fulfills its function in stabilizing market prices and simultaneously to theoretically and empirically analyze the causes leading to the failure of Chinese Government’s intervention in the market, especially in the context of asymmetric pork and hog price information transmission. Design/methodology/approach A modified Reserve-Cobweb model based on the competitive storage model developed by Muth in 1961 is employed to examine the transmission effect of hog and pork prices under the setting of Chinese Government’s pork reserve regulation policy, using the data on Chinese hog and pork prices from June 2009 to June 2015. Findings While the Reserve-Cobweb model provides theoretical insights, suggesting that the implementation of the government’s reserve policy tool to control price volatility actually leads to increased price volatility, the empirical results indicate that the policy induces hypercorrection and impels greater price volatility, especially in the context of existence of asymmetric price information transmission. Social implications The Chinese Government should reduce excessive pork price intervention and instead allow the market to play its role in the hog and pork markets. Originality/value This paper develops a modified Reserve-Cobweb model based on the price transmission effect on different links within the agricultural products supply chain, which is used to empirically validate the existence of asymmetric price information transmission between pork and hog price in China.
4
Dong, Xiaoxia, Colin Brown, Scott Waldron, and Jing Zhang. "Asymmetric price transmission in the Chinese pork and pig market." British Food Journal 120, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2017-0056.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze price transmission in the Chinese pork market between 1994 and 2016 and examine any incidence and causes of asymmetric price transmission. Design/methodology/approach The approach uses threshold autoregressive models, asymmetric error correction models and autoregressive moving average models to examine the price transmission using monthly pig and pork prices from 1994 to 2016. Findings While a symmetric price transmission between pork and pig prices was identified for the period between June 1994 and June 2007, an asymmetric price transmission response between pork and pig prices was found for the period July 2007 to June 2016. Key factors behind the asymmetric price transmission include the chicken price and China’s provisional purchasing and stockpiling policy which is having a counter-productive impact on prices. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature by examining price transmission in two different periods: 1994 to 2007 where prices are lower and more stable; and 2007 to 2016 where prices are higher and volatile. The paper examines the impact of production and market policies on price transmission in the Chinese pork and pig market, with several policy implications.
5
Sun, Guang Lin, and Jian Wang. "Price Transmission Mechanism of Transit Service in City." Advanced Engineering Forum 5 (July 2012): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.5.44.
Анотація:
Price transmission of transit service is a distinct mechanism with common characters. This paper aims to provide the nature and law of price transmission of transit service. The transmission of transit service prices is defined and transmission routes are classified into vertical and horizontal. The cost-push and demand-push are to drive the price carriers along transmission routes, which produces the price transmission network. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Granger co-integration test are used to measure the cost-push price transmission. For demand-push price transmission, the demand elasticity was used to model the relationship between transit demand and prices.
6
Babula, Ronald A., and David A. Bessler. "The Corn-Egg Price Transmission Mechanism." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 22, no. 2 (December 1990): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800001838.
Анотація:
Abstract A vector autoregression (VAR) model of corn, farm egg, and retail egg prices is estimated and shocked with a corn price increase. Impulse responses in egg prices, t-statistics for the impulse responses, and decompositions of forecast error variance are presented. Analyses of results provide insights on the corn/egg price transmission mechanism and on how corn price shocks pulsate through the egg-related economy.
7
Valdes Salazar, Rodrigo Andres. "The role of fuel prices in spatial price transmission between horticultural markets: empirical analysis from a developing country." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo 53, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.052.
Анотація:
This article aims to analyze how fuel prices impact spatial price transmission between two Chilean horticultural wholesale markets. We implement a regime-dependent VECM where price transmission parameters depend on dynamics imposed by a stationary exogenous variable (fuel price). We identified two price transmission regimes characterized by different equilibrium relationships and short-run adjustment processes. This implies that fuel prices affect price transmission elasticities and intermarket adjustment speeds. Our results show increasing marketing costs as farm to market distance grows. This impact depends on each product’s attributes. Highlights This article analyzes the effect of fuel prices on the price transmission mechanism between the most relevant Chilean horticultural wholesale markets. A regime-dependent Vector Error Correction Model where price transmission parameters depend on fuel price was implemented. Clear evidence of the role played by fuel prices for in horizontal price transmission between the wholesale markets considered in this study was found. This situation supports the idea that regardless of quantities traded in regional markets, the major effect of price adjustment is a result of the high demand, distances and market concentration of a central market. This impact depends on each product’s attributes.
8
Gangyi, Wang, Si Runxiang, Li Cuixia, Zhang Guitong, and Zhu Nengyue. "Asymmetric price transmission effect of corn on hog: evidence from China." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 4 (April 12, 2018): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/227/2016-agricecon.
Анотація:
In this study, we used monthly corn price and hog price data from January 2000 to June 2015 to conduct an empirical analysis based on a smooth transition regression (STR) model. The analysis confirms and explains the asymmetric transmission mechanism and process of the smooth transformation of corn prices to hog prices and measures the mechanism conversion threshold. Using the smooth transformation mechanism and its threshold as its foundations, this study breaks up continuous smooth transfer price volatility transmission effects into completely linear, not completely linear, and nonlinear mechanism states. Based on these states, the influence of corn price on hog price fluctuation is attributed to cost-push inflation, risk stabilisation effects, and the coexistence of cost-push and risk-stabilisation effects from the perspective of adaptive expectations.
9
Krawczak, Marcin. "PRICE TRANSMISSION IN SELECTED AGRI-FOOD CHAINS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 3 (August 22, 2017): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3239.
Анотація:
The method used to test the price transmission is the ARDL models for four pork products (pork chops, bacon, ham, and ham) at various stages of the marketing chain. The asymmetry in price transmission was also investigated using the Balke et al. Model. The strongest transmission occurred between the price of the processor and the price of the raw material. The most important thing in the evolution of product prices at any stage has been delayed by one month’s reaction to changes in prices. Asymmetry was present only for variable parts and their delays, generally positive.
10
Janda, Karel, Ladislav Krištoufek, Barbora Schererová, and David Zilberman. "Price transmission in biofuel-related global agricultural networks." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 67, No. 10 (October 26, 2021): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/223/2021-agricecon.
Анотація:
This article investigates the connections among the prices of biofuels, agricultural commodities and other relevant assets in Europe, the US, and Brazil. The analysis includes a comprehensive data set covering price data for 38 traded titles during the period from 2003 to 2020. We used the minimum spanning tree (MST) approach to identify price connections in a complex trading system. Our analysis of mutual price connections reveals the major defining features of world-leading biofuel markets. We provide the characteristics of the main bioethanol and biodiesel markets with respect to government policies and technical and local features of the production and consumption of particular biofuels. Despite a relatively long and dynamically evolving history of biofuels, the biofuel systems in the US, Brazil and Europe do not converge toward the same pattern of relations among fossil fuels, biofuels, agricultural commodities and financial assets.
11
Blažková, Ivana, and Pavel Syrovátka. "Price formation and transmission along the food commodity chain." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 4 (2012): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260040031.
Анотація:
The article is focused on analysis of price transmission along the wheat commodity chain in the Czech Republic, with the distinction on wheat products with low value added (wheat flour), respectively high value added (wheat rolls). The degree of vertical price transmission is measured to identify potential market failures, because asymmetric price transmission can be the result of existence of market power within the food commodity chain. The data basis is made up from monthly prices on partial markets of the analyzed commodity chain published by Czech Statistical Office and Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic. The monitored time period is from January 2000 till October 2009. The analysis is based on calculation of the price transmission elasticity coefficient (evaluation of price transmission along the chain) and the intensity of dependency of positive and negative inter-market price differences (evaluation whether positive or negative price changes are better transmitted among particular vertical markets). Time lag is tested as well. The assessment of price transmission along the wheat commodity chain confirmed the existence of market power especially on the retail stage and low impact of price changes of farm prices on final consumer food prices.
12
Yovo, Koffi, and Kokou Edoh Adabe. "Asymmetry and transmission of international price shocks of cocoa and coffee in Togo." African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53936/afjare.2022.17(1).5.
Анотація:
This study assesses the mechanism of the transmission of international price shocks to producer prices of coffee and cocoa in Togo. A threshold autoregressive (TAR) model was estimated using monthly series of international and producer prices of coffee and cocoa in Togo from 1994 to 2018. The results show that there is asymmetric transmission of international price shocks to producer prices. Domestic prices respond less quickly to international price increase than decreases. The asymmetric price transmission is similar in term of the speed of adjustment for the two commodities. In order to deal with this phenomenon, further investigations need to be done to detect the reasons for the asymmetry in price transmission between domestic and international coffee and cocoa markets.
13
Bekkers, Eddy, Martina Brockmeier, Joseph Francois, and Fan Yang. "Local Food Prices and International Price Transmission." World Development 96 (August 2017): 216–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.008.
14
Tifaoui, Said, and Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel. "Temporary Sales Prices and Asymmetric Price Transmission." Agribusiness 33, no. 1 (March 11, 2016): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agr.21465.
15
Jaramillo Villanueva, José Luis. "Transmisión vertical y espacial de precios en el mercado mexicano e internacional de ganado vacuno." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 13, no. 4 (September 9, 2022): 894–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v13i4.5839.
Анотація:
From 2000 to 2019, the Mexican beef subsector has undergone significant structural changes; the most important was the concentration of both production and marketing stages. In 2019, the Mexican Federal Commission of Competence revealed that, Mexican households’ income diminished between 16 and 31 % due to a lack of market efficiency. In the case of meat, the reduction may be up to 98 %. In this context, the objective of this study was to examine the degree of spatial price transmission between national and international live cattle prices and the vertical transmission between live cattle prices and carcass meat prices to evaluate market efficiency. The econometric approach consists of the estimation of a vector error correction model, using monthly beef real prices, for the period 1990-2019. Findings from this research provide information for decision-makers and stakeholders in this industry: these comprehend unidirectional transmission of international beef prices to domestic beef prices and from farm price to processor price. Also point to the existence of asymmetric price transmission, which is related to whether cattle and beef prices are increasing or decreasing. Results indicate that a long-run single cointegration relationship exists between international and farmer prices, and between processor and farm price. The direction of price transmission tends to go from producers to processors and from international price to farmer price. When the international price increases, the speed of adjustment tends to be significantly slower, in contrast to when the international price decreases, resulting in a significantly faster rate of adjustment.
16
Ben Abdallah, Marwa, Maria Fekete Farkas, and Zoltan Lakner. "Analysis of Dairy Product Price Transmission in Hungary: A Nonlinear ARDL Model." Agriculture 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10060217.
Анотація:
This paper addresses the assessment of the price transmission of dairy products in Hungary. Monthly prices are used in testing the hypothesis of asymmetric price transmission between farmers and retailers. The magnitude of short- and long-run asymmetric transmission between price levels is measured through a nonlinear autoregressive distributed model (NARDL). The cointegration of variables is validated through bounds test of the NARDL model. The estimated NARDL model proves the existence of long- and short-run asymmetric relationships between producer milk price and most retailer dairy product prices. Furthermore, the model confirms the presence of a significantly positive long-run price asymmetry for butter, buttercream, sour cream, and Trappista cheese. The positive long-run price transmission asymmetry results could be explained by the strong market power of milk processors, which are granted through their concentrations and the absence of competitiveness in the market. The short-run asymmetry of price transmission could be explained by implementing some policy interventions, such as the milk quotas, which limit milk production. Analyzing the asymmetric relationship between the producer milk price and the retailer dairy product prices could give a clear vision of the dairy sector and how prices move between market actors, highlighting the retailers’ purchasing power feature, and its role in determining the market price interaction.
17
NGUYỄN MINH, ĐỨC. "Price Transmission in the Value Chain of Hard Clam in Vietnam." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 219 (January 1, 2014): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2014.219.1.06.
Анотація:
Using data collected from 2007-2010, this study identifies price linkages and then forecasts vertical price transmission elasticities between markets (farm, wholesale, retail and export) in the value chain of hard clam (Meratrix lyrata) in Vietnam. After doing necessary tests to make sure that all price data are stationary, Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) and Error Correction Model (ECM) are employed to examine short-time and long-time effects of hard clam price in one market on the other market in its value chain. The seemingly unrelated regression results show that hard clam prices seem not depend on seasons. Farm price of hard clam is transmitted completely to wholesale price while the price in retail market causes negative effect on farm price in the short run. Wholesale price of hard clam is transmitted to both prices in farm and retail markets. The export price of hard clam is estimated not to be affected in the short run by prices in other markets except retail price in domestic markets. Error correction models confirm the independence of hard clam price on annual seasons. The transmission elasticities of prices between the markets are also identified based on model estimation.
18
Onegina, Viktoriya, Nikolay Megits, Olha Kravchenko, and Yuliia Kravchenko. "Price transmission in milk supply chain in Ukraine." Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal 8, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51599/are.2022.08.01.08.
Анотація:
Purpose. The purpose of the study, which results are submitted in the article, is to analyze the vertical price transmission along the milk supply chain in Ukraine and identify whether this price transmission is symmetric or asymmetric in terms of direction, magnitude, speed.
Methodology / approach. To achieve the purpose of the study, we used the following research methods: logical operations (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) – to determine the structure of the milk supply chain, to make conclusions about main findings; the correlation analysis – to identify the tightness of links between farm’, processors’ and retailers’ prices; the trend modelling – to build the functions of the trend of prices of different levels of the milk supply chain; the regression modelling – to construct the regression functions of prices of downstream sectors of the milk supply chain; graphic – for visual presentation of main tendencies, pricing and price dynamics in the milk supply chain. The research was performed on the basis of the statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2013–2020.
Results. This paper presents the empirical evidence of asymmetric price transmission along the milk supply chain in Ukraine. The results of modelling proved asymmetric magnitudes of price growth at the organizational and technological stages of the milk supply chain: in the case of the farm prices of raw milk increase the processors’ and retailers’ prices grow up by a much bigger magnitude. There is no leg in price transmission in the milk supply chain, the price shocks at the farm level instantly pass to processors’ and retailers’ prices. The evidence of asymmetry of price transmission testifies the weaknesses of the market positions of farmers and consumers in the milk supply chain in Ukraine, points out the threats for the food security and sustainable development of all agents of this chain.
Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, the quantitative assessments of the magnitude and speed of the price changes in the process of price transmission in the milk supply chain in Ukraine were obtained. The asymmetry of the magnitudes of the vertical price transmission in the milk supply chain in Ukraine was identified. The hostage position of farmers in the case of price shocks was further proved.
Practical value / implications. This paper provides a better understanding of arrangements of market forces in the milk supply chain, the consequences of price chocks in the upstream sector of the milk supply chain. The practical value is the methodological and empirical support for the development of regulative measures to improve the milk supply chain’s functioning and sustain food security. Assessment and analysis of the mechanism of price transmission reveals the weak parts of the food supply chain, contributing to the scientific foundation of elaborating the necessary policy actions for harmonization of relations between producers of different stages of the milk chain.
19
Sylvie, Eza Soumaley, and N’Goran Koffi Celestin. "Price Transmission in Yam Markets in Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 10 (September 15, 2021): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n10p152.
Анотація:
Many studies have shown that rising prices are not transmitted in the same way as falling prices and vice versa. There is an asymmetry in price transmission between agricultural commodity markets that is an important issue in household food security. The main objective of this study is to examine the nature of price transmission in yam markets in Côte d’Ivoire. To do so, two regression models were used, namely the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method and Vector autoregressive (VAR) model. The results revealed that a variation in prices on Abengourou and Korhogo markets affects the price on the Abidjan market even though trade between these markets is not direct. Similarly, the price one month later on Abidjan market is affected by its past price and that of Korhogo market one month earlier. As recommendation, the study suggests that the government should strengthen and improve road infrastructure as well as communication networks to enhance trade between markets.
20
Vargova, Lucia, and Miroslava Rajcaniova. "Spatial Price Transmission of Milk Prices Among the Visegrad Countries." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 6, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vjbsd-2017-0014.
Анотація:
Abstract When trading with homogenous goods, consumers are not able to distinguish between individual goods and thus not willing to pay a higher price, if the same product is available for lower price. This leads to an interesting effect, when prices of homogenous goods in different locations in an open market tend to get closer. It is the result of the so-called Law of One Price. Because of the Law of One Price, producers are affected not only by vertical price transmission, but also horizontally. The aim of this paper is to assess the linkage and patterns among the prices of cow’s raw milk in the V4 countries. We apply the price transmission methodology, such as unit root tests, cointegration tests, error correction models, and Granger causality tests. Monthly data for producer prices of raw milk are used, covering the period from January 2005 to June 2017. Our results confirm the existence of the Law of One Price when milk producer prices in different locations are co-integrated.
21
Hassouneh, Islam, Teresa Serra, and Štefan Bojnec. "Nonlinearities in the Slovenian apple price transmission." British Food Journal 117, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 461–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2014-0109.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess price linkages and patterns of transmission among producer and consumer markets for apple in Slovenia. Design/methodology/approach – Non-linear error correction models are applied. Non-linearities are allowed by means of threshold and multivariate local linear regression estimation techniques. Monthly prices over the period 2000-2011 are used in the empirical application. Findings – Both techniques provide evidence of non-linearities in price adjustments. Findings suggest that producer and consumer prices tend to increase rather than decrease. Results also indicate that parametric threshold approaches may have difficulties in adequately representing price behavior dynamics. Originality/value – The main contribution of this work to the literature relies on the fact that this is the first attempt to assess vertical price transmission in the apple sector in Central and Eastern European Country markets. Further, it is the first attempt to use multivariate local linear regression techniques in this context.
22
Andiojaya, Agung. "TRANSMISI HARGA GABAH TERHADAP HARGA BERAS: TINJAUAN ARAH, BESARAN DAN LAMA PERUBAHAN." JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 14, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v14i2.24304.
Анотація:
Policies to maintain rice prices are a sensitive policy in Indonesia so that the government controls the rice price tightly in every level of the rice market. To make sure it runs well, the government needs to take into account the magnitude, direction, and speed of transmission of the rice price changes. When these three things can be monitored and controlled well, the success rate of controlling prices is in hand. This study investigates the direction and speed of transmission of changes in grain prices at the farm level to changes in rice prices at various levels of trade. The empirical results utilizing Granger Causality Test and VAR indicate that changes in the price of grain at the farm level significantly cause changes in rice prices at the milling and wholesale levels in a unidirectional way. Meanwhile, there is a piece of additional information where changes in the retail price of rice significantly cause changes in the price of grain at the farm level rather than vice versa. By implementing the IRFs method reveal the transmission’s duration of price change takes place in the short term and long term. Considering these findings, the policy of stabilizing rice prices at the mill and wholesale levels should be implemented immediately when the price of farmers' grain begins to change.
23
Xue, Huidan, Chenguang Li, and Liming Wang. "Spatial Price Dynamics and Asymmetric Price Transmission in Skim Milk Powder International Trade: Evidence from Export Prices for New Zealand and Ireland." Agriculture 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090860.
Анотація:
A fast-changing global landscape highlights the importance of understanding spatial price dynamics in key international markets such as China, especially in the era of COVID-19 pandemic with international food trade and food system experiencing an unprecedented challenge. Nowadays, New Zealand’s dominant position in China’s dairy import market is being challenged by European Union (EU) dairy exporters leading to intensified market competition. Using monthly export data of skim milk powder (SMP), we applied threshold cointegration models along with asymmetric error correction models to examine spatial price dynamics and price transmissions of New Zealand and Ireland in Chinese and global markets. We found that New Zealand’s export prices retain their leadership position in China, Ireland’s export prices are well more aligned with those in international markets. In terms of own-country price transmission, Ireland’s relatively symmetric and swift adjustments were found to contrast with New Zealand’s SMP export prices, which displayed more asymmetric price transmissions.
24
Paul, Ranjit Kumar, and Tanmoy Karak. "Asymmetric Price Transmission: A Case of Wheat in India." Agriculture 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030410.
Анотація:
In the present paper, horizontal and vertical integration was carried out on the wholesale and retail prices of wheat in the major markets of India. On confirming cointegration between the wholesale and retail prices of wheat in all needs, the vector error correction model (VECM) was applied to find the speed of adjustment in the corresponding price channel. The results revealed that price signals are transmitted across regions, indicating that price changes in one market are consistently related to price changes in markets and can influence the prices in other markets. In addition to studying cointegration, threshold autoregressive (TAR) and Momentum TAR (MTAR) models were applied to test for asymmetric cointegration. Hasen and Seo’s test was used to test for the presence of threshold cointegration. It revealed a significant presence of asymmetric and nonlinear cointegration in many markets. Accordingly, a threshold VECM (TVECM) model with two regimes was applied. The results indicate that the retail price significantly responds to the deviations from the long-run equilibrium compared to the wholesale price.
25
Atozou, Baoubadi, Kotchikpa Gabriel Lawin, Aristide Bonsdaouende Valea, and Sirine Aouini. "Short and Long-term Asymmetric Farm-Retail Price Transmission Analysis in the Canadian Agri-food Industry: Evidence from Dairy and Pork Sectors with Threshold Cointegration Models." Journal of Food Research 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v8n2p66.
Анотація:
Empirical studies show that market concentration and pricing policies regulation have an important impact on price transmission. These factors lead to an asymmetric price transmission, particularly in agricultural commodities markets. This paper investigates farm-retail price transmission along the Canadian dairy and pork values chains using Threshold Autoregressive, Momentum Threshold Autoregressive, Error Correction Models and Granger causality test. Using monthly price data, we found that farm-retail price transmission is asymmetric in short and long-term between raw milk and butter price while it is symmetric in the cheese case. In the pork sector, price transmission is asymmetric in long-term and symmetric in short-term between farm price and respectively pork chops and bacon prices. Because of processor and retailer concentration, consumer prices respond more quickly to upward than downward of farm prices. The processors, retailers and distributors concentration along the value chain in Canadian dairy and pork sectors and the supply management regulation policies as well as income stabilization insurance program are the main factors generating this market structure. Consideration of the characteristics of farmers, processors, and retailers in the value chain and the actors’ potential reactions to the agricultural policy could better protect consumers and producers from market distortion.
26
da Cunha, C. A., and A. E. Wander. "Asymmetry in farm-to-retail dry bean price transmission in Sāo Paulo, Brazil." Journal on Chain and Network Science 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2014.0233.
Анотація:
The objective of this paper is to verify the existence of asymmetric price transmission in the farm, wholesale and retail dry bean market in Sāo Paulo, Brazil. The dry bean market is characterised by high price volatility, mainly due to harmful interference from informal actors. Consequently, the prices being practiced at different chain levels have asymmetric transmission, which can be explained by failures in coordination, opportunistic behaviour of farmers and intermediaries, and the asymmetry of information amongst actors within the chain. Our findings confirm those of the existing literature - in situations of asymmetric price transmission, price increases at farm level are more intensely transmitted to wholesalers and retailers than price decreases. Consequently, the common bean market shows inefficiencies in price transmission along the chain, as price increases at farm level generate higher impacts on retail prices, violating the absolute form of purchasing power parity.
27
Rudinskaya, Tamara, and Iveta Boskova. "Asymmetric price transmission and farmers' response in the Czech dairy chain." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 67, No. 5 (May 20, 2021): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/22/2021-agricecon.
Анотація:
The standard economic price theory of working with efficient source allocation is being confronted with a series of empirical findings of asymmetric price responses. The objective of the research was to examine whether the distribution of prices within the dairy chain in the Czech Republic was fair and whether farmers progressed in a collective approach to strengthen their position in the supply chain. We used the pre-cointegration and cointegration approach to test for asymmetry in the transmission of farm milk prices throughout the supply chain. Furthermore, we measured the development of market concentration by means of the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and discussed the background of the figures with producer organisation representatives. The results proved there were asymmetric price transmissions. In response, farmers consolidated and concentrated their milk sales. The concentration should not yet be understood as a goal but as a means to the next steps.
28
Wu, Lifan, and Asani Sarkar. "Price Transmission and Market Openness." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 01, no. 02 (June 1998): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091598000168.
Анотація:
This paper studies the degree of impact of stock prices listed on the New York Stock Exchange and Tokyo Stock Exchange regarding price behavior in Asian stock markets. Our evidence shows that the pattern and magnitude of impact varies. Returns in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia are more sensitive than those in Taiwan, Korea and Thailand. The response patterns in the Asian markets suggest that foreign influence is significantly correlated to the degree of market openness.
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Stewart, Hayden, and P. Blayney Don. "Retail Dairy Prices Fluctuate with the Farm Value of Milk." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 40, no. 2 (September 2011): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500008017.
Анотація:
Farm milk prices tend to be volatile. Dairy farmers, industry pundits, and policymakers further tend to react to price volatility with alarm. One point of concern is the response of retail prices. This study investigates farm-to-retail price transmission in the 2000s for whole milk and Cheddar cheese. Results show that price shocks at the farm gate are transmitted with delay and asymmetry to retail. Differences in the nature of price transmission for whole milk and Cheddar cheese prices are also identified.
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Wang, Xiudong, Zhonghua Yin, and Ruohan Wang. "Price Volatility Transmission in China’s Hardwood Lumber Imports." Forests 12, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091147.
Анотація:
Hardwood lumber is the principal part of the global hardwood timber trade. China has become the largest importer of hardwood lumber in the world. However, China’s hardwood lumber imports are affected by price volatility. Thus, we investigated the price volatility transmission of China’s hardwood lumber imports. We aimed to detect the source, path, and intensity of the volatility transmission in China’s hardwood lumber imports, and reveal the intrinsic interactions between price volatilities. To date, there is little research on the price fluctuations of forest products. This paper provides an empirical analysis on the volatility transmission in China’s forest product imports. We selected four types of major hardwood lumber imports to China; that is, teak (Tectona grandis L.F.), merbau (Merbau), sapele (Entandrophragma), and casla (Terminalia spp.) (The Latin names of tree species are given in parentheses), and used their daily prices from 4 August 2010 to 15 April 2020. The Baba–Engle–Kraft–Kroner (BEKK) multivariate models and dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) models were employed. The empirical results indicate that there is an intrinsic relationship between the price fluctuations in China’s hardwood lumber imports. The volatility transmission chain originates from casla; it is transmitted along the casla→sapele→merbau→teak pathway. The direction of transmission is from lower prices to higher prices. The dynamic conditional correlation of each link in the chain does not exhibit any particular time trend. This suggests that volatility transmission is a crucial price mechanism in China’s hardwood lumber imports. Our findings have important policy implications for hedging timber price risks and designing timber trade policies.
31
Ridha, Ahmad, Raja Masbar, Aliasuddin Aliasuddin, and Vivi Silvia. "Asymmetric Price Transmission in the Cocoa Supply Chain in Indonesia." Economia agro-alimentare, no. 1 (June 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2022oa12888.
Анотація:
This study investigates the asymmetric price transmission (APT) of global cocoa beans and cocoa pasta prices to farm prices. The cocoa pasta variable is a proxy for Indonesian processed cocoa industry products. We use monthly time series data from January 2007 to December 2020. The NARDL model was used to estimate the APT response behavior. The dummy variable (export cocoa bean tax) explains fluctuations in farm prices before and after the policy implementation. The results showed asymmetric cointegration between the global cocoa market and cocoa pasta prices moving towards farm cocoa prices in Indonesia. APT occurs in the short and long term with different significant levels for each variable. The increase (decrease) in the global market and cocoa pasta prices were transmitted asymmetrically in the short and long terms, except for the variable (PA-pos), which is not significant in the long term. We observe strong evidence of negative asymmetric price transmission. Negative price shocks (decreases) in global markets and cocoa pasta are more rapidly transmitted to farmer prices than positive price shocks. Adjustment prices occur in magnitude, speed, and sign. The high coefficient of negative asymmetric price transmission indicates the uncompetitive of Indonesia's supply-demand cocoa chain. At the same time, the cocoa bean export tax harms farm prices. The export tax policy has reduced farm prices by approximately 2.3%.
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Lechanová, I. "The transmission process of supply and demand shocks in Czech meat commodity chain ." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 9 (February 17, 2012): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5046-agricecon.
Анотація:
Based on the results of price transmission analysis, the paper aims to explain the asymmetry of price transmission in Czech meat commodity chain, in the supply as well as in the demand direction. The transmission asymmetry in supply direction, i.e. e. from farmer to consumer (especially in case of price growth); can imply the existence of market power exercised by individual links of the chain, especially by processors or retailers. The transmission asymmetry in demand direction, i.e. from the final consumer to farmer, is treated as well, although the possible reasons behind the asymmetry are definitely not the same. Demand shock (rapid decline in consumer demand), which is often followed by price fall at the consumer level, can be caused by food safety hazards. They play very important role in the meat commodity chain, where higher risks of threatening the food safety standards are presupposed, especially in connection with the frequent distribution of animal diseases (such as the mad cow disease (BSE), the avian flu, the foot-and-mouth-disease), which is the main reason for demand-oriented price transmission analysis. Price transmission analysis is carried out in three steps. First, the extent of the transmitted price changes is measured by the coefficient of elasticity of price transmission (EPT), the results are presented in the form of matrix, which represents supply as well as demand direction. Second, the analysis of price differences is carried out in both directions. Positive as well as negative price changes are treated separately. As the last step, the impact of time delay on the price transmission process is assessed in both directions. The data used represent monthly prices (resp. their differences) in the period of 1997–2005 with the distinction on poultry, pork and beef branch of the chain.
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Purwasih, Rati, Muhammad Firdaus, and Sri Hartoyo. "TRANSMISI HARGA JAGUNG DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG." Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 5, no. 1 (February 14, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jai.2017.5.1.75-88.
Анотація:
<em>Corn is one of the leading commodities in Lampung Province. The average corn price received by farmers (producers) from January 2009 to December 2014 amounted to Rp 1.820 per kilogram, while the average price of corn at the consumer level was at Rp 3.205 per kilogram. Corn prices at the consumer level are more volatile when compared with the price of corn at the producer level. The purpose of this study are to analyze the transmission of corn prices from the consumer level to the producer level in Lampung Province. The data used was a monthly time series data from January 2009 to December 2014 (72 month). Asymmetric Error Correction Model (AECM) developed by von Cramon-Taubadel and Loy (1996) was used to analyze corn price transmission from the consumer level to the producer level. Causality test results indicate that corn prices at the consumer level affect the formation of corn prices at the producer level. From AECM estimates obtained, the short run corn price transmission from the consumer level to the producer level was asymmetric. However, the long-run transmission of corn prices from the consumer level to the producer was symmetric. After the Wald test, results obtained showed that there was no prove of asymmetric price transmission from the consumer level to the producer level in the long run.</em>
34
Yan, Yunxian, Lu Tian, and Yuejie Zhang. "Is Chinese or American maize price effective for trading and policy-making reference?" China Agricultural Economic Review 6, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 470–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-05-2013-0080.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discover an effective maize price for trading and policy-making reference by assessing the price transmission of the US spot and futures maize prices to Chinese counterparts. Design/methodology/approach – The authors apply a systematic, quantitative method to analyze the integration between US and Chinese maize markets. Based on the residuals of the variables through error correction model, the directed acyclic graph (DAG) among six price variables is conducted. With consideration of the dependence on and direction of six price variables, the variance decomposition of each variable is calculated. Findings – This paper shows that the vertical price transmission passes from wholesale price to farm-gate price. The horizontal price transmission ranges from spot price to futures price at the domestic market and from the American spot price to domestic spot price, from the American spot price to domestic futures price and from the American futures price to domestic futures price. The American maize spot and futures prices, and in particular the spot price, have greater effects on domestic maize prices contemporaneously. It also indicates that the American spot price is the leader price in the long run at both maize markets. Originality/value – This paper contributes by using the DAG method in this paper. It also contributes by helping policy makers and market participants find the leading prices and offers insight into ways of gaining power of price setting in the maize market.
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Xue, Huidan, Chenguang Li, Liming Wang, and Wen-Hao Su. "Spatial Price Transmission and Price Dynamics of Global Butter Export Market under Economic Shocks." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 9297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169297.
Анотація:
Recently, the world has experienced striking economic and policy changes, and subsequent uncertainties have impacts on dairy trade price fluctuations. The Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) methodology was established in this paper to better understand international butter export prices transmission, the feedback between the economic context changes and price fluctuations, and the link between the global butter market, energy market, and other commodity markets. We assessed which key factors are typically associated with butter export price movements with regards to shocks to crude oil price, palm oil price, farm-gate raw milk price, exchange rates, and consumer price index (CPI) for food of the EU, New Zealand, the U.S., and the rest of world (RoW), respectively. Using generalized impulse response functions, this study found that decreases in farm-gate raw milk price could be swiftly transmitted to butter export prices of not only a home country but other foreign countries. However, palm oil price and crude oil price merely affects global butter export prices. We also found that U.S. dollar depreciations against the Euro will cause a decline in U.S. butter export price. It is concluded that butter export markets are not well-integrated, yet butter export prices of New Zealand and the U.S. are highly linked.
36
Yang, Fan, Kirsten Urban, Martina Brockmeier, Eddy Bekkers, and Joseph Francois. "Impact of increasing agricultural domestic support on China’s food prices considering incomplete international agricultural price transmission." China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 535–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-01-2016-0001.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a modelling approach that enables the analysis of long-term food security policies. Specifically, the authors explore the effect of China’s agricultural domestic support on its agricultural and food market by also considering the impact of incomplete price transmission. Design/methodology/approach The authors extend the standard Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) modelling framework. First, the authors incorporate incomplete price transmission into the GTAP model by generating tariff-equivalent price transmission elasticities. Second, the authors improve the current representation of China’s agricultural domestic support in the GTAP model and the underlying database by considering the production requirements and the trade-distorting effect of different policy instruments. Running a set of simulations, the authors examine first how the incorporation of incomplete price transmission affects the model’s results and second how increased agricultural domestic support affects China’s agricultural and food market accounting for incomplete price transmission. Findings Considering incomplete price transmission mitigates the domestic price increases as responses to high international agricultural prices, which also lead to an increase in China’s trade deficit and prohibits net food sellers from receiving high prices. In the long term, an increase in China’s agricultural domestic support to its World Trade Organisation de minimis commitment level would increase domestic agricultural production and reduce its demand pressure on the international market. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by examining the impact of increased agricultural domestic support on the domestic market while innovatively accounting for incomplete food price transmission. The authors combine econometric estimated price transmission elasticities and an extended GTAP framework to underscore the importance of enhancing the model’s ability in accounting for incomplete price transmission when analysing the impact of agricultural policies.
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Yami, Mesay, Ferdi Meyer, and Rashid Hassan. "Should traders be blamed for soaring food prices in Ethiopia? Evidence from wholesale maize markets." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 1 (January 2020): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0140.
Анотація:
The prevalence of imperfect price transmission in the agricultural food markets continues to be an important policy concern for most countries in Africa. Motivated by the coexistence of soaring food prices and high domestic food production, this article investigates the performance of wholesale white maize markets in Ethiopia during the post-agricultural market liberalization period. The presence of price manipulation in the grain market structure has important welfare implications as it impedes the full transmission of price reductions and increases among marketing intermediaries. Results indicate that regional maize markets adjusted more quickly to price decreases than price increases to the central Addis Ababa wholesale maize market prices, suggesting the absence of positive asymmetric price transmission. Our findings are in contrast with existing studies conducted in southern, western and eastern Africa major food commodity markets.
38
Huffaker, Ray, Garry Griffith, Charles Dambui, and Maurizio Canavari. "Empirical Detection and Quantification of Price Transmission in Endogenously Unstable Markets: The Case of the Global–Domestic Coffee Supply Chain in Papua New Guinea." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 9172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169172.
Анотація:
Price transmission through global–domestic agricultural supply chains is a fundamental indicator of domestic market efficiency and producer welfare. Conventional price-transmission econometrics test for a theory-based spatial-arbitrage restriction that long-run equilibrium prices in spatially distinct markets differ by no more than transaction costs. The conventional approach is ill-equipped to test for price transmission when endogenously unstable markets do not equilibrate due to systematic arbitrage-frustrating frictions including financial and institutional transaction costs and biophysical constraints. We propose a novel empirical framework using price data to test for market stability and price transmission along international-domestic supply chains incorporating nonlinear time series analysis and recently emerging causal-detection methods from empirical nonlinear dynamics. We apply the framework to map-out and quantify price transmission through the global-exporter–processor–producer coffee supply chain in Papua, New Guinea. We find empirical evidence of upstream price transmission from the global market to domestic exporters and processors, but not through to producers.
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Lim, Heesun, and Byeong-il Ahn. "Asymmetric price transmission in the distribution channels of pork: Focusing on the effect of policy regulation of Sunday sales by hypermarkets in Korea." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 11 (November 27, 2020): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/254/2020-agricecon.
Анотація:
In this paper, we investigate whether there exists market inefficiency in the distribution channel of pork by estimating a developed partial adjustment model that captures the asymmetric price transmission from wholesale to retail prices. The estimation results show that market efficiency exists for the wholesale and two types of retail markets in the distributional channel of pork in Korea. The government's regulation on Sunday sales by hypermarkets plays a significant role in increasing market efficiency, forcing more competition among hypermarkets, and changing the structure of asymmetric price transmission from wholesale to traditional market prices. The results suggest that the policy goal has been achieved in the traditional market by leading to a more efficient price forming due to a lessened degree of asymmetric price transmission from the wholesale price. Although market inefficiency has been maintained in the distribution channel between wholesale market and hypermarket, the behavior of price setting by hypermarkets has not been influenced by the policy.
40
Čechura, L., and L. Šobrová. "The price transmission in pork meat agri-food chain." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, No. 2 (February 22, 2008): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/272-agricecon.
Анотація:
The paper deals with the analysis of price transmission in pork meat agri-food chain. The analysis is aimed at the determination of the type of market structure in the chain based on the derived theoretical model and fitted reduced model of price transmission in the form of VECM. Then, impulse-response analysis and decomposition of variance of fitted VECM show the system’s reaction to innovations and the interaction between variables for longer forecast horizons. The results imply that processing stage may exercise oligopsonic power, i.e. the market structure has the type of oligopsony. Impulse-response analysis shows that the system approaches relatively fast the equilibrium and all responses are positive. Moreover, decomposition of variance informs about the increasing role of the wholesale price in the explanation of forecast error variance of agricultural price. Then, it follows from the obtained results (among other) that the pork meat agri-food chain may be characterised as demand-driven. The type of market structure implies that the agricultural support is in this case shared within the vertically related markets and thus is less efficient.
41
Elvina, Elvina, Muhammad Firdaus, and Anna Fariyanti. "TRANSMISI HARGA DAN SEQUENTIL BARGAINING GAME PERILAKU PASAR ANTAR LEMBAGA PEMASARAN CABE MERAH DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 5, no. 2 (July 17, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jai.2017.5.2.89-110.
Анотація:
<em>Red chili is known as a very high commodity price fluctuation. High price fluctuation will make market inefficiency and cause a disincentive for market actors. One indicator of market efficiency is symmetric price transmission in integrated market. This paper aimed to analyze vertical price transmission along the marketing chanel of red chili (produsen, wholesale and retail) and analyze the market behavior of market actors. Vertical price transmission was analyzed with the Asymmetric Error Corection Model (AECM) approach using weekly data over Januari 2012 to October 2014. While, the market behavior was analized using descriptive analysis with sequentil bargaining game. The results showed that price transmission along marketing channel of red chili is symmetric and the price in wholesale is a reference for produsen dan retail prices.</em>
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Kopp, Thomas, Bernhard Brümmer, Zulkifli Alamsyah, and Raja Sharah Fatricia. "Welfare implications of intertemporal marketing margin manipulation." British Food Journal 119, no. 8 (August 7, 2017): 1656–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2016-0572.
Анотація:
Purpose In Indonesia, rubber is the most valuable export crop produced by small scale agriculture and plays a key role for inclusive economic development. This potential is likely to be not fully exploited. The observed concentration in the crumb rubber processing industry raises concerns about the distribution of export earnings along the value chain. Asymmetric price transmission (APT) is observed. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This study investigates the price transmission between international prices and the factories’ purchasing prices on a daily basis. An auto-regressive asymmetric error correction model is estimated to find evidence for APT. In a subsequent step the rents that are redistributed from factories to farmers are calculated. The study then provides estimations of the size of this redistribution under different scenarios. Findings The results suggest that factories do indeed transmit prices asymmetrically, which has substantial welfare implications: around USD3 million are annually redistributed from farmers to factories. If the price transmission was only half as asymmetric as it is observed, the majority of this redistribution was re-diverted. Originality/value This study combines the approaches of non-parametric and parametric estimation techniques of estimating APT processes with a welfare perspective to quantify the distributional consequences of this intertemporal marketing margin manipulation. Especially the calculation of different scenarios of alternative price transmissions is a novelty. The data set of prices on such a disaggregated level and high frequency as required by this approach is also unique.
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Wiranthi, Puspi. "TESTING FOR INDONESIAN AND VIET NAM PRICE TRANSMISSION IN THE UNITED STATES TUNA MARKETS." Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.2021.009.01.7.
Анотація:
This study aims to analyze Indonesia and Viet Nam price transmission as the main exporters of frozen yellowfin tuna to the United States (US) assuming that the market structure is oligopoly. Using monthly time series data of Indonesia, Viet Nam and US frozen yellowfin tuna prices with harmonized system code 03034200 from January 2006 to December 2018 and analyzed through an Asymmetric Error Correction Model (AECM), this study finds that both prices of Indonesia and Viet Nam are integrated to the US prices. Additionally, there are two-way causality relationships between both exporting countries as well as Viet Nam and the US. The short-term price transmission of Viet Nam has an asymmetrical effect on Indonesian prices while on the long-term, the price transmission among three countries occurs symmetrically which indicates that a competitive international market exists. Indonesia’s policy in increasing its market share in the US is not independent, but it is influenced by the price of Viet Nam as its main competitor. The findings of this study are relevant to fill the gap in the literature by providing a supporting evidence regarding price transmission between two main exporters to the US frozen yellowfin tuna market.
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Ruslan, Januar Arifin, Muhammad Firdaus, and Suharno . "TRANSMISI HARGA ASIMETRI DALAM RANTAI PASOK BAWANG MERAH DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN IMPOR DI INDONESIA: STUDI KASUS DI BREBES DAN JAKARTA." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 10, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v10i1.33.
Анотація:
Disparitas harga bawang merah di tingkat petani dan konsumen sangat besar. Penelitian ini menganalisis transmisi harga dalam rantai pasok bawang merah dan menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi transmisi harga serta menganalisis hubungan antara harga bawang merah impor terhadap harga produsen dan harga konsumen bawang merah. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Houck dan Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) serta uji kointegrasi dan kausalitas jangka panjang. Data yang digunakan merupakan data bulanan pada petani, pedagang grosir, pengecer di Kabupaten Brebes dan Kota Jakarta serta harga bawang merah impor selama Januari 2008 sampai Desember 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam hubungan petani-grosir terjadi asimetris harga dalam jangka pendek karena terkait dengan biaya penyesuaian, sedangkan grosir-pengecer terjadi asimetris dalam jangka panjang karena terkait dengan penyalahgunaan kekuatan pasar. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan pentingnya peran dari harga impor bawang merah dalam penentuan harga bawang merah di tingkat produsen dan konsumen. Kebijakan harga plafon (ceiling price) dan harga dasar (floor price) diharapkan dapat menghindari perilaku eksploitasi yang dilakukan pedagang perantara. Shallot, as a potential commodity in Indonesia, has a large price disparity between the farmer and the consumer prices. The price disparity is also linked to the price of shallots import. This research analyzes the price transmission of shallots during its supply chain, discusses the factors influencing the price transmission, and also investigates the relationship between the price of import and the price of producer-and-consumer.This research uses the Houck Model, Error Correction Mechanism (ECM), cointegration test and longrun causality test.The data were monthly price data of farmers, wholesalers, and retailers in Brebes regency and Jakarta; and prices of shallot import during January 2008 to December 2014.The results showed that the relationship between farmer and wholesale was asymmetric in the short term of price transmission, even in the long term of transmission wholesalers and retailers was also having asymmetric relationship. The asymmetric price transmission in the short term was related to adjusment cost while the asymetric price transmission in the long term indicated the abuse of market power. This study reveals the important role of price import in the farm and retailer prices. It is suggested to set up ceiling price and floor price in order to avoid the exploitative behavior of middlemen.
45
Javid, Muhammad, and Kashif Munir. "The Price Puzzle and Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism in Pakistan: Structural Vector Autoregressive Approach." Pakistan Development Review 49, no. 4II (December 1, 2010): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v49i4iipp.449-460.
Анотація:
The prime objective of economic policies is to increase the welfare of the general public and the monetary policy supports this broad objective by focusing its efforts to promote price stability. The growing importance of monetary policy stabilisation efforts may reflect both political and economic realities. Understanding the transmission mechanism of monetary policy to inflation and other real economic variables is imperative for central bankers to conduct monetary policy effectively. High inflation reduces growth by reducing investment and productivity growth which reduces the welfare, gives a theoretical foundation for the choice of price stability as an objective of monetary policy. These arguments about monetary policy objectives lead to the choice of price stability as the single or primary objective of monetary policy. Monetary policy is one of the important tools with the monetary authorities to achieve the objectives of price stability. There is extensive theoretical as well as empirical literature available on the effects of monetary policy shocks on the real economic aggregates and prices.
46
Sitanggang, Miranda Romaully Br, and Firdaus Firdaus. "Elastisitas Transmisi Harga Daging Kerbau Rawa di Desa Sapala Kecamatan Paminggir Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara." RAWA SAINS : JURNAL SAINS STIPER AMUNTAI 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36589/rs.v5i1.45.
Анотація:
This study evaluating the marketing aspect swamp buffalo meat is held in the Sapala village Paminggir District of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. This village was chosen because there were many swamp buffalo traders and breeders. The research goal is to identify the elasticity of price transmission swamp buffalo in the study area. The elasticity of price transmission on buffalo meat marketing in the village Sapala Paminggir Hulu subdistrict North River is 3,089. Elasticity of price transmission represents less than one (Et < 1), meaning that a 1% change in the price at the consumerlevel will lead to a change in price by 0.281% at the producer level. This shows the price is relatively inelastic transmission. So the price changes at the consumer level will provide a little change in farmer prices it’s mean that marketing of buffalo swamp meat is not efficient.
47
Liu, Xing. "Price transmission analysis between Finnish and selected European broiler markets." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 23 (January 31, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75831.
Анотація:
The import of poultry meat in Finland has been growing since 2000, mostly in broiler. Because of the avian flu scare, there has been a ban on importing poultry from Asia for the past two years, so Finland imported broiler mostly from European 25 countries, such as Denmark, Germany and France. The market share of broiler from foreign countries is growing, so is the competition on the price. Allowing for price signals to be transmitted spatially in different markets and market integration is the key premises in economics. One of the main goals of the EU’s common agricultural policy is to get spatially integrated agricultural commodity markets within and between all member states. In an integrated market, price information should be efficiently transmitted between the member states. EU commission claims that also domestic policies and regulations applied in the member countries, should support (or at least not to distort) the goal of achieving the informational efficient single European market. Particularly in Finland, with small and remote domestic market, the issue of market efficiency and transmission of market information have significant implications for the first is actions taken in accordance of the antitrust legislation on regulating the domestic food industry structures. The second is permission for domestic agricultural subsidy programs that supplement the CAP. The main purpose of the paper is to estimate the price transmission relationship between the Finnish broiler market and selected its major exporting partners using the wholesale prices, i.e. the prices in front of the slaughterhouses in each countries. The result implies that the price level of Finnish broiler market is rather stable in comparison to the most of other EU countries, and the domestic demand and supply mostly decide the wholesale price in Finland. Finnish broiler price is not cointegrated with the price of the selected countries, indicating that there is no significant long-run relationship between them. The findings show, however, the unidirectional causality between Finnish broiler price and the prices in the other EU countries in the short run. That is, the broiler price shock of Finland appears to be driven partly by the prices of imported countries, but the reverse is not true.
48
Juliaviani, Noratun, Sahara Sahara, and Ratna Winandi. "TRANSMISI HARGA KOPI ARABIKA GAYO DI PROVINSI ACEH." Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 5, no. 1 (February 14, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jai.2017.5.1.39-56.
Анотація:
<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><em>The objective of this study is to analyze the price transmission of Gayo Arabica coffee from farmers to exporters. This study utilizesECM (error Correction Model) to investigate price transmission based on monthly price data in farmer and exporter level from Januari 2008 until December 2014. The result showed that price transmission test ECM-EG model showed that in short term, the price transmission is assymetric and symetric in long term.The symmetrical price transmission between farmers and exporters in the long term, showed that there was no misuse of market power, Therefore, price changes that occur at the farmer level in the long term were transmitted perfectly towards exporter. Asymmetric price transmission in the short term is commonly caused by cost adjustment factors and marketing agency behaviors in the pricing mechanism and the performance of each level / marketing agencies. Therefore, the need for setting prices of Gayo Arabica coffee, especially at the producers (farmers) level and the government's role in monitoring the price according to the quality of coffee, and inform the development of the market price (the local and the world) to the farmers.</em>
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Syrovátka, P., and I. Lechanová. "Price transmission and estimations of price elasticity of secondary demand functions: application on commodity market for food grains." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 7 (February 20, 2012): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5110-agricecon.
Анотація:
The paper is focused on the quantitative analysis of the price transmission and on its use for the estimations of the direct price elasticity of the vertical-derived demand functions. The price transmissions were examined between the commodity markets for the food grain and the consumer markets for the bakery products and flour. The data (1995–2002) were taken over from the Czech Statistical Office (CSO), the Price Statistics (PS) and the Statistics of Family Budgets (SFB). The intensity of the inter-market price transmission was assessed by means of the coefficients of the price transmission elasticity (EPT). For enumerating of EPT, the regression linear models were developed. The explicit as well as the implicit time-definition in the models was tested. The explicit dynamic construction was carried out on the basis of the stationary process with the parabolic trend. After the determination of trend functions, the seasonal component in used time-series was thoroughly investigated by means of the harmonic analysis (G-tests of the individual extremes of the developed periodograms). The implicit dynamization of the linear models was solved on the basis of the first differences of appropriate commodity prices, respectively price levels on the consumer market. For the quantification of the price transmission elasticities, directly dynamized models there were only used only because the model unambiguously achieved better values of characteristics of the statistic verification (correlation index, F-test, T-test). These models also satisfied the economic assumptions in the sense of the vertical price transmissions between the observed market levels and the preservation of the law of diminishing demand. Based on the linear models of the price transmission with parabolic-trend stationarization, it was found out that within the observed period (1995–2002) EPT between commodity market with the food wheat and consumer market with the bakery products and flour reached the average level of +0.1602%. Within the same period, the value of EPT between commodity market with the rye and consumer market with the bakery products and flour reached the average level of +0.1067%. These coefficients were subsequently used together with coefficients of the own price elasticity of consumer demand for the bakery products and flour (ε) to the estimations of the own price elasticity of the commodity demand for food wheat and rye (e). In accordance with the construction of these estimations: e = ε × EPT, it was found out that the average level of the own price elasticity of the demand for food wheat (respectively rye) is about –0.0659% (respectively –0.0441%). Both observed secondary demand functions are therefore strongly inelastic with respect to the reaction on the direct price changes. The commodity demand for the rye seems to be more inelastic.
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Cha, Kyungsoo, and Chul-Yong Lee. "Rockets and Feathers in the Gasoline Market: Evidence from South Korea." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 20, 2023): 3815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043815.
Анотація:
This study analyzes how changes in oil prices are transmitted to gasoline prices in Korea. We attempt to identify the main causes of the observed price asymmetry and offer plausible theories by investigating price transmission at different levels of the distribution process. Retail prices react faster to increases in the Singapore spot market prices than decreases. We also find asymmetry in the price transmission from spot gasoline to wholesale gasoline, but in the opposite direction. Additionally, there is little evidence of asymmetry in the pass-through from wholesale prices to retail prices. Therefore, the observed asymmetry of retail prices is due mainly to the transmission of prices from spot gasoline to retail gasoline, and theories related to the cost of search for consumers seem to be the most relevant in explaining the asymmetry. Finally, the results indicate that the asymmetric pricing results in a substantial loss to consumers.