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1
Peletiri, Suoton, Nejat Rahmanian, and Iqbal Mujtaba. "CO2 Pipeline Design: A Review." Energies 11, no. 9 (August 21, 2018): 2184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a need to accurately design pipelines to meet the expected increase in the construction of carbon dioxide (CO2) pipelines after the signing of the Paris Climate Agreement. CO2 pipelines are usually designed with the assumption of a pure CO2 fluid, even though it usually contains impurities, which affect the critical pressure, critical temperature, phase behaviour, and pressure and temperature changes in the pipeline. The design of CO2 pipelines and the calculation of process parameters and fluid properties is not quite accurate with the assumption of pure CO2 fluids. This paper reviews the design of rich CO2 pipelines including pipeline route selection, length and right of way, fluid flow rates and velocities, need for single point-to-point or trunk pipelines, pipeline operating pressures and temperatures, pipeline wall thickness, fluid stream composition, fluid phases, and pipeline diameter and pressure drop calculations. The performance of a hypothetical pipeline was simulated using gPROMS (ver. 4.2.0) and Aspen HYSYS (ver.10.1) and the results of both software were compared to validate equations. Pressure loss due to fluid acceleration was ignored in the development of the diameter/pressure drop equations. Work is ongoing to incorporate fluid acceleration effect and the effects of impurities to improve the current models.
2
Cui, Ying, Jun Fang, Zhan Qu, Meimei Song, and Junhai Zhao. "Research on Damage Assessment of Buried Standard and Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Petroleum Pipeline Subjected to Shallow Buried Blast Loading in Soil." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1459260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Buried petroleum pipelines may encounter threats from blast loading due to terrorist attacks, accidental explosions, and artificial blasting during in-progress construction. Carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is often used for the repair and reinforcement of buried petroleum pipelines. It is meaningful and necessary to distinguish the different responses and establish an effective damage assessment method for standard petroleum pipelines and CFRP-supported petroleum pipelines buried in soil under blast loading. In this study, under fixed end constraints, experimental analysis and numerical simulations were combined to assess the damage of a standard petroleum pipeline and a CFRP petroleum pipeline buried in soil under blast loading. The results showed that, for a scaled distance of 0.19 m/kg1/3, plastic deformation occurred on the surfaces of the two pipelines facing the explosive. The antiexplosion performance of the CFRP pipeline was better than that of the standard pipeline, and the CFRP sheets had a positive effect on the protection of the buried petroleum pipeline during the buried blast loading. Furthermore, based on pressure-impulse damage theory and with consideration of the feasibility under real circumstances, two pressure-impulse damage evaluation curves for standard and CFRP pipelines facing explosive loads were established separately based on a new critical ratio of the dent depth and length. Finally, based on the two pressure-impulse damage evaluation curves and the new critical ratio, two pressure-impulse damage criteria for these two buried petroleum pipelines were defined. Moreover, with the two pressure-impulse damage evaluation curves, mathematical formulae for the two different buried petroleum pipelines were established to generate pressure-impulse diagrams. With the established formulae, the damage to the standard buried pipeline and the CFRP pipeline could be evaluated effectively. Damage to other similar standard pipelines or CFRP pipelines buried in soil with different design parameters due to shallow buried blast loading could also be evaluated using this method.
3
Feng, Chunjian, Hang Wu, and Xin Li. "Buckling Analysis of Corroded Pipelines under Combined Axial Force and External Pressure." Metals 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020308.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Affected by a complex environment, corrosion is a common defect in steel pipelines. Moreover, steel pipelines are subjected to large axial forces during their installation and operation. Corroded deep-sea steel pipelines are prone to local buckling under complex loads. Therefore, in view of this problem, the collapse response of corroded steel pipelines under the combined axial force and external pressure is analyzed in detail. First, a formula for evaluating the collapse pressure of corroded steel pipelines under external pressure and axial force is proposed. Then, the factors affecting the collapse pressure of the steel pipeline are parameterized by using the finite element method. The accuracy of the finite element model is proved by collapse tests of the corroded steel pipeline. As shown in finite element results, the diameter-to-thickness ratio, initial ovality and corrosion defect size have significant effects on the buckling response of a steel pipeline. The collapse pressure of the steel pipeline decreases as the axial force increases. Finally, based on the finite element simulation results, the parameter variables in the evaluation formula are obtained.
4
Liu, Peng, Shi Yuan Wu, and Le Kang. "Upheaval Buckling Analysis of Buried Offshore Pipelines under High Temperature and High Pressure." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nonlinear finite element upheaval buckling model of buried offshore pipelines under HT/HP is built using ABAQUS. The petroleum is defined as uniform flow; temperature field of offshore pipelines produced in the process of petroleum transportation is obtained by heat transfer analysis; offshore pipelines are buried in trench of sandy seabed, interaction between seabed and offshore pipelines is defined as friction, seabed interaction with offshore pipelines will limit the movement of offshore pipelines; coupled fluid-structure analysis for three phase model of oil-pipe-soil is conducted to obtain stress under HT/HP. Initial imperfection of pipeline is introduced to calculate upheaval buckling of buried offshore pipeline under HT/HP. Through numerical analysis, the axial force of pipelines under HT/HP is obtained and thus resulted in upheaval buckling.
5
Li, Meng, Hong Zhang, Meng Ying Xia, Kai Wu, Jing Tian Wu, and Xiao Ben Liu. "Effect of Steel Properties on Buckling Pressure of Corroded Pipelines." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.741.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the harsh environment for submarine pipelines, corrosion damage of the pipeline steels is inevitable. After the corrosion damage, pipelines are prone to failure and may cause serious consequences. The analysis of the effects of different steel properties on the collapse pressure of pipelines with corrosion defects is of importance for the option of appropriate pipeline and avoiding accidents. Based on the finite element method, the finite element model of the pipeline with defects under external pressure was built. Firstly, the accuracy of the numerical model was validated by comparing with previous experimental results. The effects of yield strength and strain hardening exponent on collapse pressure of pipelines with different sizes of defect were discussed in detail. Results showed that the yield strength and strain hardening exponent have different influences on collapse pressure: the collapse pressure increases with the increasing yield strength, and the collapse pressure decreases with the increasing strain hardening exponent.
6
Chen, Peng Chao, Hong Zhang, and Hong Ju Wang. "Studies on MAaximum Hydrostatic Testing Pressure for New Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hydrostatic testing is an important step in pipeline construction. This test ensures the integrity of newly-constructed pipelines. Testing pressures used by Chinese construction contractors are lower than that in foreign countries. Nowadays, higher testing pressure is considered safer for pipeline operation. But what is testing pressure we should apply? Basing on fracture mechanics theory, this paper addresses the effects of testing pressure on pipeline materials, and calculates the maximum safe testing pressure. Also, experiments validate the theoretic conclusions.
7
Cherniuk, Volodymyr, Roman Hnativ, Oleksandr Kravchuk, Vadym Orel, Iryna Bihun, and Matvii Cherniuk. "The problem of hydraulic calculation of pressure distribution pipelines." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 7 (114) (December 21, 2021): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.246852.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most production technologies require a uniform flow path of liquid from pressure distribution pipelines. To achieve this goal, it is proposed to introduce polymer additives into the liquid flow or to use converging distribution pipelines with a continuous longitudinal slot in the wall. To reduce the uneven operation of the distribution pipeline during discrete liquid dispensing, it is proposed to use cylindrical output rotary nozzles with a lateral orthogonal entry of the jet into the nozzle. The problem is the lack of methods for accurate hydraulic calculation of the operation of distribution pipelines. Adequate calculation methods are based on differential equations. Finding the exact solution of the differential equation of fluid motion with variable path flow rate for perforated distribution pipelines is urgent, because it still does not exist. The available calculation methods take into account only the right angles of separation of the jets from the flow in the distribution pipeline. These methods are based on the assumption that the coefficient of hydraulic friction and the coefficient of resistance of the outlets are constant along the flow. A calculation method is proposed that takes into account the change in the values of these resistance coefficients along the distribution pipeline. The kinematic and physical characteristics of the flow outside the distribution pipeline are also taken into account. The accuracy of calculating the value of the flow rate of water distributed from the distribution pipeline has been experimentally verified. The error in calculating the water consumption by the method assuming that the values of the resistance coefficients are unchanged along the distribution pipeline reaches 18.75 %. According to the proposed calculation method, this error does not exceed 6.25 %. However, both methods are suitable for the design of pressure distribution pipelines, provided that the jet separation angles are straight. Taking into account the change from 90° to 360° of the angle of separation of the jets from the flow in the distribution pipeline will expand the scope and accuracy of calculation methods.
8
Malysheva, Anna. "Environmental justification of the distribution of pressure drop in a dead-end low-pressure gas network." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 08015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125808015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The gas supply system is determined by the classes of the elements of the gas transmission network associated with the pressure of the pumped natural gas. Laying gas pipelines in urban areas requires sufficient space around the pipes as a safety zone. The gas pipelines of the first level include gas communications in which the methane pressure is high or medium. To eliminate dead-end sections, gas pipelines are backed up (duplicating individual segments or ringing). The creation of a dead-end network is allowed only in small settlements. Dead-end network is a gas pipeline branching in various directions to gas consumers. Each section of the branched network has a one-way power supply.
9
Zhu, Bin, Yong Su, and Zhi Gang Li. "Simulation of Cavitation Erosion in Different Throttling Pipelines." Advanced Materials Research 499 (April 2012): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.499.288.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There often exists cavitation erosion, large energy loss and big noise in throttling pipelines. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) model of the secondary throttling pipeline was constructed according to the actual structure and parameters. Adopting the finite element method (FEM) for flow field calculation, the secondary and ordinary throttling pipelines have been calculated respectively under different working conditions, and the distribution maps of velocity and pressure fields in the pipelines have been constructed. The analyzed results demonstrate the applicability of the calculating model. It has also been shown that the cavitation erosion resistance of the secondary throttling pipeline is better than that of the ordinary throttling pipeline. Cavitations first appear at the entrance of throttling pipelines, and as the pressure difference between the two ends increases, the cavitations appears inwards. This result is significant for choosing and designing the throttling pipelines.
10
Li, Yan, Wen Wang, Zhanfeng Chen, Weipeng Chu, Huijie Wang, He Yang, Chuanyong Wang, and Yuxing Li. "Burst Pressure Prediction of Subsea Supercritical CO2 Pipelines." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 3465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103465.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To improve transportation efficiency, a supercritical CO2 pipeline is the best choice for large-scale and long-distance transportation inshore and offshore. However, corrosion of the pipe wall will occur as a result of the presence of free water and other impurities present during CO2 capture. Defects caused by corrosion can reduce pipe strength and result in pipe failure. In this paper, the burst pressure of subsea supercritical CO2 pipelines under high pressure is investigated. First, a mechanical model of corroded CO2 pipelines is established. Then, using the unified strength theory (UST), a new burst pressure equation for subsea supercritical CO2 pipelines is derived. Next, analysis of the material’s intermediate principal stress parameters is conducted. Lastly, the accuracy of the burst pressure equation of subsea supercritical CO2 pipelines is proven to meet the engineering requirement by experimental data. The results indicate that the parameter b of UST plays a significant role in determining burst pressure of pipelines. The study can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the design of subsea supercritical CO2 pipelines.
11
Ismayilova, F. B. "On the pressure distribution in multi-phase pipelines." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2021-2-58-61.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The results of investigations and measurements of actual pressure values carried out recently in technological-field pipelines show that the nature of pressure distribution in multi-phase pipelines differs from those in mono-phase ones. The paper analyzes the aspects affecting the pressure distribution in gas-saturated fluids in the presence of phase transformations. Considering the changes in compressibility of gas-saturated mixture, a mathematical model for pressure distribution through the length of pipeline has been developed. It was defined that depending on the compressibility ratio and flow regime, the pressure distribution in multi-phase pipeline decreases steadily at an exponential rate.
12
Shao, Bing, Xiang Zhen Yan, and Xiu Juan Yang. "Reliability Analysis of Locally Thinned Submarine Pipelines in ChengDao Oil Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1527.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Local thinning of submarine pipeline always exists due to the complexity and dynamic of marine environment loads. However, the location and extent of thinning areas are random. Mechanical research on the randomness of local thinning of submarine pipelines is significant for pipeline’s stress analysis and failure evaluation. In this paper, finite element model of locally thinned submarine pipeline is established and based on the Monte-Carlo method, the effect of input random variables on the submarine pipeline’s reliability is analyzed. Probability distribution ranges of equivalent stresses are got and further, relationship equation between confidence level and stress limit has been obtained. The result more accurately reveals the relationships of locally thinned pipeline and its elastic modulus with equivalent stress, which can provide foundation for safety analysis of locally thinned submarine pipeline with internal pressure.
13
Sun, Li, Xin Shou Zhang, Qian Qian Sun, and Bo Wen Chen. "Study on Failure Pressure of Corroded Submarine Pipeline under Earthquake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1703.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many marine oil pipelines are subject to varied degrees of corrosion, which gradually increases the leakage and fracture and other accidents. Because the marine pipelines are located in the complex environment and there are many forms of corrosion, the paper only studied parts of the corrosion. The finite element software was used to analyze the failure pressure of internal corroded pipeline under the earthquake, so as to provide the basis for appraisal of corroded marine pipeline.
14
Tam, C. K. W., and J. G. A. Croll. "Analysis of Buckle Initiation in Damaged Subsea Pipelines." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 109, no. 4 (November 1, 1987): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3257033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A rigid, perfectly plastic mechanism analysis, embodying interactive uniaxial membrane and bending plasticity, is used to predict the form of localized impact damage for tubulars. An extension of the model allows the pressure response of a pipe containing damage, and in particular the pressure at which buckling is initiated in a damaged pipeline. Test results are shown to confirm the validity of the mechanistic approach employed in predicting the damage process, while initiation tests based on a different initial imperfection configuration are shown to reproduce the trend of predicted initiation pressures. An attempt to improve the buckle performance through the use of spirally rib-reinforced pipelines is also described. Although propagation pressure buckle resistance is considerably enhanced, use of rib-reinforced pipelines is shown to have a less dramatic beneficial influence upon buckle initiation pressures.
15
Ahmad Azmy, Ariz, Saravanan Karuppanan, and Azmi Abdul Wahab. "Failure Pressure Estimation of Corroded Pipeline with Different Depths of Interacting Defects Subjected to Internal Pressure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 1005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.1005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pipelines are one of the most reliable and safest ways to transport oil and gas from one location to another. However, if not handled and maintained properly, they will cause major destruction should one of these pipelines burst. A pipeline which has oil or gas flowing through it will be subjected to internal pressure due to the flow of the oil or gas. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the oil and gas acts as a corrosive agent towards the pipeline. The corrosion eventually becomes defects thus compromising the pipeline integrity. In addition, if two defects are close enough, they are treated as interacting defects. In this work, the pipeline integrity was first calculated using DNV RP-101 codes. After calculating the maximum operating pressure for the pipeline using the codes, Finite Element Analyses using ANSYS were carried out to simulate and model the pipeline with the interacting defects. The maximum operating pressure given by the FEA was then compared to the DNV codes. We found that despite consistency between DNV codes, the FEA analysis showed that geometry plays an important part in determining the values of failure pressure. The FEA analysis showed that by increasing the ratio of depth between the interacting defects, the failure pressure decreases. This was likely because defects of larger depths are more likely to fail at lower pressures. This contradicts the results obtained from DNV codes where the failure pressure is constant for the same effective defect depth over thickness, (d12/t)*.
16
Pashentsev, A. I., and A. A. Garmider. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT OF ASSESSING RELIABILITY OF MEDIUM PRESSURE GAS PIPELINES." Construction economic and environmental management, no. 3 (2021): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2519-4453-2020-3-97-107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The author’s vision of the methodological aspect of assessing the reliability of medium pressure gas pipelines is presented. Analysis of existing methods for assessing the reliability of gas pipelines with the identification of positive and negative features was carried out, a methodological approach to assessing the reliability of medium pressure gas pipelines by gas flow rate and pressure was developed and tested, and a scale for identifying the results of reliability calculation was developed. The test conducted on the example of a really working gas pipeline with a test for reliability showed its promise.
17
Akintola, Sarah, Emmanuel Folorunsho, and Oluwakunle Ogunsakin. "FLOW ASSURANCE IN KUMUJE WET-GAS PIPELINE: ANALYSIS OF PIGGING SOLUTION TO LIQUID ACCUMULATION." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 9, no. 9 (September 25, 2018): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2018.09.09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Liquid condensation in gas-condensate pipelines in a pronounced phenomenon in long transporting lines because of the composition of the gas which is highly sensitive to variations in temperature and pressure along the length of the pipeline. Hence, there is a resultant liquid accumulation in onshore wet-gas pipelines because of the pipeline profile. This accumulation which is a flow assurance problem can result to pressure loss, slugging and accelerated pipeline corrosion if not properly handled.
18
Cong, Shen, Ke Tong, Dong Feng Li, Zhi Xin Chen, and Ke Cai. "Leakage Failure Analysis of the ERW Steel Pipeline." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 1224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1224.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper provides a thorough investigation on the leakage reason of the ERW steel pipeline in an oil field. Through appearance inspection, physicochemical inspection, metallographic inspection and scanning electron microscope (SEM), it was found that the main reason of corrosions was caused by residual liquid at the bottom of the pipeline and O2 and CO2 in the air pressure test. The corrosion medium was large volume of O2 and CO2 forming continuously saturated corrosive aqueous solution in small volume of residual liquid, and the corrosion type was the under-deposit corrosion. It is recommended to conduct hot air purging on the pipelined before pressure test for building pipelines in the future, and if the pipeline is not put into use in time, it is recommended to use nitrogen to maintain pressure.
19
Abbasi, Aijaz, and Fakhruldin Mohd Hashim. "Thermodynamic Effects on Hydrate Formation in Deepwater Pipeline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.607.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hydrate formation has long been a challenge for flow assurance in deepwater natural gas pipelines. Hydrates are formed when natural gas is brought into contact with water usually at low temperature and high pressure in deepwater pipelines. The pressure is relatively high in deepwater pipelines, so it is entirely possible to meet the hydrate formation conditions and pose a significant operational and security challenge. This study provides a means to ascertain the thermodynamic properties for hydrate formation in a deepwater gas pipeline. The thermodynamic properties are to be assumed between the similarity of the hydrate formation and the isothermal adsorption in a deepwater pipeline. The study aims to develop a correlation for calculating the hydrate formation pressure, temperature and fugacity of a gas mixture. The correlation is based on the gas hydrate formation temperature and pressure with and without inhibitors. This study also provides a hydrate prediction phenomena associated with gas condensation in deepwater pipelines and it will improve the ability to predict the thermodynamic properties of hydrate formation.
20
Zhang, Peng, Yihuan Wang, and Guojin Qin. "A Novel Method to Assess Safety of Buried Pressure Pipelines under Non-Random Process Seismic Excitation based on Cloud Model." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040812.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is necessary to conduct a safety assessment for pipelines which are regarded as important lifeline projects after an earthquake. Since the random process of loading in earthquake engineering requires a large amount of samples, this paper establishes a non-random vibration method based on convex model theory and applies it to small sample engineering. Moreover, a space–time analytical model of buried pipeline and a finite element model are established to solve the dynamic response of pipelines with non-random process seismic excitation. Furthermore, the randomness of the stress values of the pipeline subjected to earthquake and the fuzziness of the degree of damage to pipelines are considered. Therefore, a novel method for assessing damage to pipelines is proposed based on cloud model. The results indicate that an analysis of non-random vibration combined with the cloud inference method can solve the fuzziness and randomness of the quantitative description and qualitative concept conversion for damage evaluation of pipelines. The method is also an adaptive and effective assessment method for pipelines exposed to earthquake and is able to promote safety management of pipeline engineering.
21
Kershaw, Chris. "Pressure Testing of Pipelines." Measurement and Control 20, no. 9 (November 1987): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029408702000904.
Повний текст джерела
22
Liu, Chang Jun, Jun Ma, Xiao Qiang Li, and Yong Su. "Cavitation Erosion Behavior in Different Throttling Pipelines." Advanced Materials Research 710 (June 2013): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.710.302.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Throttling pipelines are adopted to improve their cavitation erosion resistance, while there often exists cavitation erosion, large energy loss and big noise in throttling pipelines. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) model of the secondary throttling pipeline was constructed according to the actual structure and parameters. It has been calculated that compared to the ordinary throttling pipeline, the secondary throttling pipeline makes the maximum velocity decreased from 19.827 to 19.168 m/s, and the minimum negative pressure increased from-2.02 to-1.77 MPa. The results is significant for choosing and designing the throttling pipelines.
23
Adegbola, A. A., I. I. Ozigis, and I. D. Muhammad. "Conceptual Design of Gas Distribution Pipeline Network for Estates in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Technology 40, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v40i1.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work presents the conceptual design of a gas distribution pipeline network for estates in Nigeria using the University of Abuja Staff Quarters as a case study. The problem statement was the aggressive consumption of cooking gas, referred to as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), without gas pipeline networks infrastructures to homes and estates across Nigeria but relies on cylinders with its attendant danger. The methodology includes the determination of the gas demand from the average monthly gas consumption in each of the households, the elevation head, diameter of the pipelines, gas velocity, gas mass flow rate, head losses and the pressure drop analysis of series (option 1), parallel (option 2) and grid (option 3) options. The results obtained indicate that the best gas distribution design option for the trunk, reticulation and service pipelines was the grid connections to minimize investment costs with equitable pressures at service outlets. In the selected design option, the total length of the 50.8 mm diameter trunk pipelines was 19.52 m, while the total length of the 12.7 mm diameter reticulation and service pipelines were 3,223.34 m and 1,648.46 m respectively. The quantities of fittings required for the pipeline network layout were determined for an estate of 124 houses. The mass flow rates of the LPG in the 3 pipeline sections were found to be 0.39 kg/s and total head loss based on local resistance coefficients was found to be lowest in option 3 (1,568.33 m), which also has the least pressure drop of 67.84 kPa in the trunk and reticulation pipelines. It can be concluded that the optimized design could be adopted for the gas distribution pipeline network of University of Abuja staff quarters and other estates in Nigeria, with similar elevation and buildings layout.
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Zhang, Yong Qiang, Li Liu, Zhi Gang Yang, and Chuan Ta. "Combination Application Strategy of Non-Metal Compound Pipe and its Verification." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.873.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The service environment of Yanchang oilfield was researched. The corrosion environment of the oil and gas area of Yanchang group is different, the summer rainstorm is frequent and the landslide debris flow is easy to occur. The theoretical analysis and pilot test of pipeline performance have been carried out. We suggest that the steel pipeline, t FRP pipeline and the flexible composite pipe for high pressure transmission can be used in Yanchang group. The combined application strategy of steel pipeline, FRP pipeline and flexible composite pipe for high pressure transmission was proposed and verified. The results show that the combined application strategy effectively slows down the pipeline corrosion problem, reduces pipeline leakage accidents caused by accidental landslides, and reduces environmental pollution accidents caused by accidents such as pipeline corrosion and leakage. The tracking and analysis of pipeline combined application strategy for up to 5 years, the results show that the pipeline combined application strategy is more economical. It is concluded that the combined application strategy of steel pipelines, FRP pipelines and Flexible Composite Pipe for High Pressure Transmissions can ensure smooth operation of pipelines and save costs in the development of oil and gas fields, and it is recommended to popularize.
25
Gadjev, Roumen. "ON THE PRESSURE FLOWS REGIMES FORMING IN THE PIPELINES FOR IRRIGATION." International Conference on Technics, Technologies and Education, no. 1 (2018): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ictte.2018.05.002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the agriculture, water transportation and distribution by pressure flows in pipelines is one of the main activities for irrigation of agro-cultures. Depending on the exploitation conditions, a differing flow regimes are formed - laminar, turbulent and transitional regime, according to the value of Reynold”s number, with lengthwise-variable water quantity. In view of surveillance and inspecting the efficiency of a given pipeline net for irrigation, it is necessary to describe and define the processes of pressure flows in pipelines in depending on flow velocity. The degree of efficiency of transportation and distributing the water for irrigation, realizing by pipelines, is dependent on the hydraulic resistance and from the flow regimes, as well as other factors. For this purpose, the paper proposes relationships for determination of the boundaries of the self-realizing flow regimes along the pipelines for irrigation.
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Hussain, Dr Mohammad Nasir, Huda Khalil Ibrahim, Ahmed kareem Hasan, and Ahmed Abdul Jaleel Haddar. "Surge Pressure Effect on Crude Oil Export Pipelines to Petroleum Ports." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v5i1.141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pressure surges in pipelines are created by a change in momentum of the moving stream (e.g. valve closure). The occurrence of pressure surges should be determined by transient pressure analysis .Surge pressures are particularly critical for pipelines transporting liquid fluids, because of the high density and lower compressibility compared to gaseous fluids. Although damping of the pressure wave initiated at the point of blockage occurs as it travels upstream, surge may in some cases result in the highest pipeline pressure at a location well upstream of the point of origin. This may occur in particular for liquid pipelines in hilly terrain.
Methods of preventing the generation of unacceptably high surge pressures including valve closure speed reduction or special fast-response pressure relief systems close to the point of surge initiation. If not sufficient, strict adherence to well formulated operating procedures should be implemented.
In our research we presented the factors that may contribute in the happening of surge phenomenon and with the use of computer calculations and experimental work we gave some solutions to prevent it. Depending on Joukowsky equation we noticed that for crude oil that each time when decreasing the valve opening the pressure will increase .in experimental part we also made tests on gas oil by using a system in petroleum research and development center the results showed that as the valve closed the pressure increase where we get maximum pressure of 42 psi.
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Li, Xing Gao, and Chao Jie Duan. "Determining Range of Saturated Ground around Leakage Pipeline Using Unsteady Seepage Numerical Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.609.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is of great significance to estimate the range of saturated ground around leakage pipelines when tunneling near the pipelines. The range of saturated ground can be determined from the distributions of the water content and pore-water pressure in ground around the leakage pipelines. The leakage pipeline being modeled as an injection well, a series of unsteady seepage numerical analysis is performed to understand the effects of the internal water pressure of pipelines on the range of saturated ground surrounding the pipelines, and computation results show the exponential relationship between them. In the unsteady seepage analysis, the hydraulic conductivity function and the volumetric water content function must be determined beforehand to get reasonable results of the range of saturated ground.
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Hu, Yanhua, Yukun Wang, Pengyu Jia, Jianyu Lv, and Mingchao Wang. "Research on Development and Test Analysis of Full-Scale Fatigue Test System of X65 Submarine Pipeline." E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125301055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The fatigue performance of welded joints of submarine pipelines is directly related to the safety and economic benefits of welded structures. Considering the limitations of fatigue calculation, anti-fatigue design and small-scale fatigue test in the evaluation and analysis of pipeline fatigue life, this paper demonstrated the feasibility, scientificity and advancement of submarine pipeline full-scale fatigue test technology in engineering applications. Consequently, a full-scale fatigue test system and its test analysis technology applied for ZY-PFS2000 pipelines have been first developed in China, in which the effects of welding residual stress, stress concentration, initial welding defects, pipeline internal pressure shutdown and internal medium fluctuations on the fatigue life of full-scale pipelines were comprehensively taken into account. Through the full-scale fatigue test (four-point bending + internal pressure) of the X65 submarine pipeline, the fatigue cycles of different specifications of pipelines under different stress amplitudes were obtained. Moreover, the fatigue loading results were evaluated and analyzed in accordance with the international standard of BS 7608 and DNV C203. The research in this paper is conducive to accumulating full-scale fatigue performance data for submarine pipelines in China, not only offering a quantitative basis for the subsequent full-scale fatigue life evaluation and the safety operation cycle, but also providing a reference direction for the future development of submarine pipeline full-scale fatigue test technology.
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Muginov, Roman R., Sergey N. Peshcherenko, and Anatoliy V. Perminov. "Dynamics of movement of a smart pig in a low pressure gas pipeline." ВЕСТНИК ПЕРМСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. ФИЗИКА, no. 2 (2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-3598-2021-2-36-47.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, diagnostics of gas pipelines is carried out by in-line smart pigs driven by the pumped gas without changing the operating mode of the pipeline. A necessary condition for high-quality diagnostics is the constant velocity of the pig. If the pipeline does not contain inhomogeneities (plugs), then the steady movement of the smart pig occurs at a constant speed. However, in the presence of inhomogeneities, the movement becomes uneven, and the lower the pressure in the pipeline, the greater the inhomogeneity of the pig movement. From experience, it is known that to ensure a constant velocity of the pig, the required pressure inside the pipeline must be at least 30 atm. In pipelines for associated petroleum gas, the pressure usually does not exceed 10 atm. With the tightening of environmental regulations for the operation of oil fields in Russia, several thousand kilometers of gas pipelines for associated petroleum gas have appeared, and the problem of their diagnosis is urgent. In this article, the analysis of the physical processes accompanying the smart pig’s movement allowed us to obtain equations describing its movement, and to make estimates of the interaction of the pig with the plugs inside the gas pipeline. The concept of a new pig for a low-pressure associated petroleum gas pipeline is proposed, and the main methods of controlling its movement are established and justified.
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Esanov, Nuriddin Kurbonovich. "FREE OSCILLATIONS OF PIPELINES LIKE THIN CYLINDRICAL SHELLS WITH REGARDS TO INTERNAL PRESSURE." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2019/3/1/3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals with the free oscillations of pipelines as thin cylindrical shells with regard to internal pressure. The pipeline is presented in the form of a closed cylindrical shell with a radius of the midline of the cross section. The material is considered isotropic with density, modulus of elasticity, and Poisson’s ratio
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Seth, Debtanu, Bappaditya Manna, Jagdish Telangrao Shahu, Tiago Fazeres-Ferradosa, Francisco Taveira Pinto, and Paulo Jorge Rosa-Santos. "Buckling Mechanism of Offshore Pipelines: A State of the Art." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The buckling analysis of an offshore pipeline refers to the analysis of temperature-induced uplift and lateral buckling of pipelines by analytical, numerical, and experimental means. Thus, the current study discusses different research performed on thermal pipe-buckling and the different factors affecting the pipeline’s buckling behaviour. The current study consists of the dependency of the pipe-buckling direction on the seabed features and burial condition; the pre-buckling and post-buckling load-displacement behaviour of the pipeline; the effect of soil weight, burial depth, axial resistance, imperfection amplitude, temperature difference, interface tensile capacity, and diameter-to-thickness ratio on the uplift and lateral resistance; and the failure mechanism of the pipeline. Moreover, the effect of external hydrostatic pressure, bending moment, initial imperfection, sectional rigidity, and diameter-to-thickness ratio of the pipeline on collapse load of the pipeline during buckling were also included in the study. This work highlights the existing knowledge on the topic along with the main findings performed up to recent research. In addition, the reference literature on the topic is given and analysed to contribute to a broad perspective on buckling analysis of offshore pipelines. This work provides a starting point to identify further innovation and development guidelines for professionals and researchers dealing with offshore pipelines, which are key infrastructures for numerous maritime applications.
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Kravchuk, O. "TO THE HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF PRESSURE DRAINAGE PIPELINES, OPERATING IN DISTRIBUTION REGIME." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 163 (June 29, 2021): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-3-163-68-74.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A system of two differential equations which describes the movement of fluid in a pipe with a variable flow rate and the conditions for the fluid outflow through the walls of drainage pipelines into the surrounding soil is considered. It is reasoned that the second term in the original equation, which takes into account energy losses associated with a flow rate variation along the length, can be neglected without a substantial error. The considered system is reduced to dimensionless form by introducing original variables. The coefficient of collecting drainage pipeline resistance «ζl» and the generalized parameter «A», which take into account the structural and hydraulic characteristics of the considered flow, are two main parameters used in the analysis. The concept of an infinitely long drainage pipeline (a pipeline with an infinite walls filtration capacity) is introduced in the article. Also it is noted that such pipeline will have a maximum throughput comparing to pipes of the same diameter but limited length. Quite simple and practical calculated dependencies for the determination of the nature of flow rate variation and pressure drop along the length of the pipeline were received on the basis of the conducted analysis. Important characteristics of pressure distribution pipelines were calculated on the basis of offered formulas. Corresponding graphical dependencies were built for visibility. In particular, graphs of the flow rate variation at the end of the distributor, depending on the design and filtration characteristics of the «soil-drain» system, are presented. Graph that shows the dependence of the variation in the flow rate distribution unevenness along the length of the drainage pipe at various hydraulic conductivity values of the surrounding soil is important for understanding the drainage pipelines particularity. The necessity to take into account the nature of the flow rate connection unevenness along the length for obtaining reliable results for real drainage pipelines calculation is demonstrated.
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Uzoma, Shadrack Mathew. "Development of Optimization Sensitivity Equation by Multiple Linear Regression and Correlation Analysis." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 12 (December 26, 2019): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.12.1564.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gas pipeline pressure-flow problem are affected by varieties of factors notably frictional pressure drop and other pressure drops components. These problems inevitably result in the reduction of the operating efficiency of gas pipelines by virtue of reduction in the line throughput and increased pressure drop along the line. It has been established that increased pressure drop will ultimately lead to increased pump power as well as higher cost of design, construction and operations of gas pipelines. These prevailing factors prompts the need to ascertain the stability and reliability of the optimal flow results. The develop sensitivity model prediction was hinged around ∆L/L (%) being zero. It invariably confirmed that the results of optimal flow capacity are more sensitive to changes in upstream and downstream pressures. It was least sensitive to pressure gradients. The governing conditions being that changes in pipe diameter, ∆D/D (%) and flow capacity, ∆Q/Q (%) were in the order of 5%.
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Uzoma, Shadrack Mathew. "Development of Optimization Sensitivity Equation by Multiple Linear Regression and Correlation Analysis." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 12 (December 26, 2019): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.12.1564.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gas pipeline pressure-flow problem are affected by varieties of factors notably frictional pressure drop and other pressure drops components. These problems inevitably result in the reduction of the operating efficiency of gas pipelines by virtue of reduction in the line throughput and increased pressure drop along the line. It has been established that increased pressure drop will ultimately lead to increased pump power as well as higher cost of design, construction and operations of gas pipelines. These prevailing factors prompts the need to ascertain the stability and reliability of the optimal flow results. The develop sensitivity model prediction was hinged around ?L/L (%) being zero. It invariably confirmed that the results of optimal flow capacity are more sensitive to changes in upstream and downstream pressures. It was least sensitive to pressure gradients. The governing conditions being that changes in pipe diameter, ?D/D (%) and flow capacity, ?Q/Q (%) were in the order of 5%.
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Makharadze, Leon. "Lifting Non-Return Valves and Pipe Fittings for Pressure Main Hydraulic Transport Systems." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 1(523) (March 25, 2022): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2022-1-173-182.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of lifting non-return valves and pipe fastening devices for pressure main hydraulic transport systems (for water pipes, pulse pipelines, oil pipelines, oil product pipelines) is to provide restraints during transient modes and hydraulic shocks in similar systems. The lift of the retractable valve is a hollow connected to a damping device, and the demodulator is made in the form of telescopically interlocked cylinders, the central cylinder of which is rigidly mounted on a hollow chord. The device for fixing the pressure main pipeline, which contains a concrete support, with a part partially recessed into the ground, is different. Its aboveground part is made in the form of horizontal and vertical openings with covers, while in the openings along the perimeter of the pipeline near the opening cover, arcuate bobbins are connected by means of springs, in which damping elements of spherical shape having different masses are freely located.
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Zhang, Zewei, Hongyong Yuan, Ming Fu, Tao Chen, Yan Gao, and Guoliang Feng. "Theoretical Investigation on the Characteristics of Leak Noise for Natural Gas Pipelines." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics 28, no. 03 (September 2020): 2050005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s259172852050005x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is concerned with the spectral characteristics of leak noise at the source relevant to fluid dynamics for natural gas pipelines. Comparison is made between the flow field characteristics for the buried and above-ground pipelines to demonstrate the differences in aero-acoustics generation mechanism. The fundamental spectral parameters including the sound pressure level (SPL) and power spectral density (PSD), are extracted to characterize the leak noise under different pipeline conditions of operation pressure and leak orifice diameter. Numerical results show that the leak noise of buried pipelines has less energy and are more concentrated at lower frequencies, compared with that of above-ground pipelines. It is demonstrated that leak noise is predominantly governed by the dipole and the quadrupole sources, generated from the gas–solid interaction and turbulent disturbance, respectively. It is shown that the dipole source is attenuated and the quadrupole source is amplified with the leak orifice diameter for buried pipelines whereas both are amplified for above-ground pipelines. Moreover, it is suggested that the feature parameters of fluid dynamics, such as the average dynamic pressure and turbulent kinetic energy, can be used to characterize the leak noise mechanism for natural gas pipelines.
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Hao, Yongmei, Yifei Ma, Juncheng Jiang, Zhixiang Xing, Lei Ni, and Jian Yang. "An Inverse Transient Nonmetallic Pipeline Leakage Diagnosis Method Based on Markov Quantitative Judgment." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (April 22, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9527836.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aiming at the problems of early leakage monitoring of urban nonmetallic pipelines and the large positioning error, an inverse transient urban nonmetallic gas pipelines leakage location method based on Markov quantitative judgment was proposed. A Markov flow state transition probability matrix was established based on the flow data under different pressures obtained by experiments to quantitatively determine the pipeline leakage status. On this basis, an inverse transient leakage control equation suitable for urban nonmetallic gas pipeline leakage location was constructed according to the actual. The difference between the pressure and the calculated pressure was sought for the objective function. Finally, the objective function was optimized in conjunction with the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method to obtain the actual leakage parameters and calculate the size and location of the leakage source. The results show that the inverse transient leakage localization method based on Markov’s quantitative judgment can more accurately determine the leakage status of the pipeline and calculate the early leakage parameters and leakage location of the gas pipeline, which improves the positioning accuracy.
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Chen, Yonggui, Ping Tang, Jiang Zhong, Sunting Yan, Nanhui Jin, and Lintao Liu. "Stress Calculations Adopted Finite Element Method of Pressure Steam Pipeline Containing Defects." MATEC Web of Conferences 353 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202135301003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The stress behavior of defects is the key factor in the safety assessment of pressure steam pipeline containing defects. For achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, high-parameter pressure steam pipelines are widely designed in the recent years. It makes the safety assessment based on defect stresses become significantly important. A combined FEA method of stress calculations was proposed in the present study for calculating film stress and bend stress of defects located in a pressure steam pipeline from a certain power plant. An efficient program code with graphical user interface was designed to automatically generate FEA models of defect part pipelines. It is truly an innovative highlight of the present work attributed to convenient operation and outstanding efficiency. This paper provides an available way to obtain the stress state of defects in the safety assessment of pressure steam pipeline containing defects.
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Wang, Shengshi, Lianyong Zuo, Miao Li, Qiao Wang, Xizhen Xue, Qicong Liu, Shuai Jiang, Jian Wang, and Xitong Duan. "The Data-Driven Modeling of Pressure Loss in Multi-Batch Refined Oil Pipelines with Drag Reducer Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Network." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 5871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185871.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the addition of the drag reducer in refined oil pipelines for increasing the pipeline throughput as well as reducing energy consumption, the classical method based on the Darcy-Weisbach Formula for precise pressure loss calculation presents a large error. Additionally, the way to accurately calculate the pressure loss of the refined oil pipeline with the drag reducer is in urgent need. The accurate pressure loss value can be used as the input parameter of pump scheduling or batch scheduling models of refined oil pipelines, which can ensure the safe operation of the pipeline system, achieving the goal of energy-saving and cost reduction. This paper proposes the data-driven modeling of pressure loss for multi-batch refined oil pipelines with the drag reducer in high accuracy. The multi-batch sequential transportation process and the differences in the physical properties between different kinds of refined oil in the pipelines are taken into account. By analyzing the changes of the drag reduction rate over time and the autocorrelation of the pressure loss sequence data, the sequential time effect of the drag reducer on calculating pressure loss is considered and therefore, the long short-term memory (LSTM) network is utilized. The neural network structure with two LSTM layers is designed. Moreover, the input features of the proposed model are naturally inherited from the Darcy-Weisbach Formula and on adaptation to the multi-batch sequential transportation process in refined oil pipelines, using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for network hyperparameter tuning. Case studies show that the proposed data-driven model based on the LSTM network is valid and capable of considering the multi-batch sequential transportation process. Furthermore, the proposed model outperforms the models based on the Darcy-Weisbach Formula and multilayer perceptron (MLP) from previous studies in accuracy. The MAPEs of the proposed model of pipelines with the drag reducer are all less than 4.7% and the best performance on the testing data is 1.3627%, which can provide the calculation results of pressure loss in high accuracy. The results also indicate that the model’s capturing sequential effect of the drag reducer from the input data set contributed to improving the calculation accuracy and generalization ability.
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Амерханов, Артур Анович, Семен Николаевич Масликов, Дмитрий Евгеньевич Бурундуков, Александр Александрович Сергаев, and Виталий Александрович Пилит. "Improvement of allowable working pressure calculation methodology for process pipelines." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2021-11-6-604-613.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Рассмотрены особенности методики определения допустимого рабочего давления длительно эксплуатируемых технологических трубопроводов площадочных объектов магистральных нефте- и нефтепродуктопроводов с учетом результатов расчета несущей способности. Выполнено сравнение методик расчета несущей способности технологических трубопроводов и трубопроводов линейной части магистральных трубопроводов, приведен пример расчета по фактической толщине стенки с использованием результатов толщинометрии и с учетом коэффициента несущей способности соединительных деталей. Отмечена возможность уточнения расчетов несущей способности в связи с использованием современных методов и средств диагностики и защиты трубопроводов, которые позволяют снизить или исключить факторы неопределенности, заложенные нормами проектирования в коэффициентах запаса прочности (коэффициентах надежности по нагрузке и по материалу). Полученные авторами алгоритмы расчетов позволяют адаптировать методики уточняющих расчетов, разработанные для линейной части магистральных трубопроводов, к применению на бездефектных технологических трубопроводах. Приведены примеры применения уточненных расчетов несущей способности без снижения нормативного запаса прочности. Specific features of the allowable working pressure evaluation methodology for durable operated process pipelines of on-site main oil- and oil-products pipelines are considered with account of bearing capacity calculation results. Bearing capacity calculation methodologies for process pipelines and pipelines of a linear portion of main pipelines are compared; an example of the calculation by the actual wall thickness using thickness gauging results and with account of a bearing capacity factor is presented for connecting parts. There is a possibility to refine bearing capacity calculations due to the use of up-to-date methods and pipeline diagnostic and protection facilities. The calculation algorithms obtained by the authors permit to adapt refining calculation methodologies developed for linear portions of main pipelines to application for defect less process pipelines. Examples of bearing capacity refined calculations practical application without normative safety margin decrease are given in the paper.
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Huang, Bo, Jingwen Liu, Peng Lin, and Daosheng Ling. "Uplifting Behavior of Shallow Buried Pipe in Liquefiable Soil by Dynamic Centrifuge Test." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/838546.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Underground pipelines are widely applied in the so-called lifeline engineerings. It shows according to seismic surveys that the damage from soil liquefaction to underground pipelines was the most serious, whose failures were mainly in the form of pipeline uplifting. In the present study, dynamic centrifuge model tests were conducted to study the uplifting behaviors of shallow-buried pipeline subjected to seismic vibration in liquefied sites. The uplifting mechanism was discussed through the responses of the pore water pressure and earth pressure around the pipeline. Additionally, the analysis of force, which the pipeline was subjected to before and during vibration, was introduced and proved to be reasonable by the comparison of the measured and the calculated results. The uplifting behavior of pipe is the combination effects of multiple forces, and is highly dependent on the excess pore pressure.
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Zhang, J., Z. Liang, C. J. Han, and H. Zhang. "Numerical simulation of buckling behavior of the buried steel pipeline under reverse fault displacement." Mechanical Sciences 6, no. 2 (September 22, 2015): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-6-203-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Reverse fault movement is one of the threats for the structural integrity of buried oil-gas pipelines caused by earthquakes. Buckling behavior of the buried pipeline was investigated by finite element method. Effects of fault displacement, internal pressure, diameter-thick ratio, buried depth and friction coefficient on buckling behavior of the buried steel pipeline were discussed. The results show that internal pressure is the most important factor that affecting the pipeline buckling pattern. Buckling mode of non-pressure pipeline is collapse under reverse fault. Wrinkles appear on buried pressure pipeline when the internal pressure is more than 0.4 Pmax. Four buckling locations appear on the buried pressure pipeline under bigger fault displacement. There is only one wrinkle on the three locations of the pipeline in the rising formation, but more wrinkles on the fourth location. Number of the wrinkle ridges and length of the wavy buckling increase with the increasing of friction coefficient. Number of buckling location decreases gradually with the decreasing of diameter-thick ratio. A protective device of buried pipeline was designed for preventing pipeline damage crossing fault area for its simple structure and convenient installation. Those results can be used to safety evaluation, maintenance and protection of buried pipelines crossing fault area.
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Athanasopoulos, Nikolaos, Evangelos Gavalas, and Spyros Papaefthymiou. "Prediction of pipeline collapse due to hydrostatic pressure." International Journal of Structural Integrity 10, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-06-2018-0033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a finite element method (FEM) model that predicts the collapse pressure of the majority of the gas/petroleum pipelines worldwide. More specifically, it refers to pipelines with diameter to wall thickness (D/t) ratios between 15 and 45. The model’s results were evaluated on the basis of the DNV-OS-F101 offshore pipeline design code. Design/methodology/approach A series of FEM simulations were conducted using a 2D model created in the ANSYS’ software environment considering both the plane strain and the plane stress approach. The corresponding values of the collapse pressure for pipes with different value sets of D/t and ovality were calculated in Python (programming language) according to the DNV equations. Given that the pipeline’s resistance to collapse is governed by geometric imperfections and material properties, amongst others, the influence of other crucial factors, such as ovality, eccentricity, hardening modulus and the chemical composition (pipe’s steel grade) was examined. Findings The FE model approaches very closely the DNV calculations. Although the effect of the hardening modulus and pipe’s steel grade, respectively, was found to be insignificant on the pipeline’s collapse, it turned out that the lower the D/t ratio was the bigger the influence of these factors appeared. The D/t ratio does not affect the pipe’s sensitivity in eccentricity, because for a pipe with the same characteristics and eccentricity, but with higher ovality, the decrease in collapse pressure was found to be lower. Originality/value A 2D FEM which estimates collapse pressure and simultaneously takes into account the effect of various factors is less time-consuming and costly than the full-scale pipe collapse tests in pressure chambers.
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Pismenny, A. A., R. S. Gubatyuk, A. S. Prokofiev, A. F. Muzhichenko, and A. S. Shinkarenko. "Braze-welded tubular billets for pipelines and high-pressure vessels." Paton Welding Journal 2014, no. 10 (October 28, 2014): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2014.10.08.
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Akhmedov, F. "Pressure reduction in «Guneshli» crude oil pipelines by new reagents." SOCAR Proceedings, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5510/ogp20190300400.
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Arifjanov, Aybek. "Hydraulic Friction Coefficient at Hydraulic Mixing Movement in Pressure Pipelines." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP7 (July 25, 2020): 1332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp7/20202233.
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Ulusarslan, Deniz. "Research of Spherical Capsule Feeding System in Hydraulic Pipelines." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 13, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21817/ijet/2021/v13i3/211303009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Feeding the material to be transported in the hydraulic pipelines to the system is a subject open to research. The shape, size and density of the material gain importance in the selection of feeding systems. Finding the pressure drops that occur in the flow of spherical ice capsules with water is the basis of the research. However, before the measurements were made, preliminary research was carried out on feeding the capsules to the system during the installation of the experimental set-up. In the experimental study with solid particles with the diameter ratios (0.8) and densities (960 kg/m3) with smaller dimensions (d=0.014m), a pipe construction was obtained in which the solid particles are easily fed into the hydraulic pipeline. Experimental study revealed that lower than predicted pressures occur at the point where solid particles are fed into the pipe. This result means a greater pressure drop than the pressure drops obtained in the venturimeter zone with the same diameter ratio. In this article includes a step-by-step method and a sample pipe geometry for studies that require a low pressure zone in hydraulic pipelines. The pipe geometry designed in this study will form a model for the supply systems in the pipelines. The low pressure region is provided with a pipe and flow arrangement without consuming energy.
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Zhang, Ji Xin, Jian Chun Fan, Yong Jin Xie, and Han Chuan Wu. "Research on Erosion of Metal Materials for High Pressure Pipelines." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1592.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Erosion phenomenon is quite common in petroleum industry, as one of the main mechanisms of material degradation, occurs frequently on high-pressure pipelines in hydraulic fracturing operation. With the increasing of operation times, the erosion and corrosion defects on the inner surface of the pipeline, would lead to serious material loss and equipment failure. In this paper a new type of test machine was developed to simulate the erosive wear behavior of metal materials caused by the multiphase fluid such as fracturing fluid, and study the erosion failure mechanism by various metal erosion influencing factors including the velocity of multiphase flow, solid particles of fracturing proppant and impact angles, etc. The erosion-wear experiments on 20CrNiMo steels used in high-pressure pipelines is described in detail. Finally, the microcosmic surface testing was also used to analyze the erosion failure mechanism of metal materials for high pressure pipelines.
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TUDORACHE, V. P., N. N. ANTONESCU, and N. ILIAS. "INFLUENCE OF THE CORROSION AND ENSURING INTEGRITY THE FLUIDS TRANSPORT PIPELINES, ON BASED OF THE ROUTINE DIAGNOSIS." Neft i gaz 6, no. 120 (April 15, 2020): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.37878/2708-0080/2020-5.041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pipelines represent a very important part of the energy infrastructure. They ensure an economical, safe and continuous transport of fluids, in generally of oil crudes and natural gases. As time goes, pipelines of transporting oil and natural gas (more, buried and high-pressure pipeline) are subjected to loads and environmental effects which may cause them to become degraded with. Pipelines may suffer degradation from a variety of causes, as: corrosion, mechanical damage, stress cracking etc. As pipelines age and the degradation mechanisms become more problematic, it is recognised that the integrity of those pipelines must be proactively managed. All pipeline operators are well aware of this, and at this problem. Evident, the prudent operators have active programs, - timely intervention programs to assure continuing pipeline transporting fluids -, more, to mitigate deterioration and to repair defective pipes. Another important aspect is forecasting corrosion over a period of time in order to predict the possibility of pipeline failure (in other words, defect rate versus time to failure). A variety of techniques are used depending on the nature of the pipeline and the perceived problems. Some of the basic techniques are described in this article.
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Zhu, Bin, Yong Su, and Hong Jun Zhang. "Improvements on Throttling Pipelines Basing on Numerical Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.365.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The secondary throttling pipelines are adopted to improve their cavitation erosion resistance. With the aid of the finite element methods, under the conditions of the inlet velocity of 9 m/s and outlet pressure of zero, it has been calculated that compared to the ordinary throttling pipeline, the secondary throttling pipeline makes the maximum velocity decreased from 43.972 to 39.575 m/s, and the minimum negative pressure increased from -19.39 to -16.04 MPa. The secondary structure of the throttling pipeline has some good effect on the cavitation erosion resistance.