Дисертації з теми "Presse et politique – France – 18e siècle"
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Pösch, Nina. "Presse et pouvoir politique sous la Convention nationale (1792-1795)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Mulhouse, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024MULH5606.
Повний текст джерелаThe French Revolution marked an important step in the development of the periodical press. This increase in the importance of the press provoked deep changes within society and allowed for better access to information. The Revolution changed the legal status of the press by ending the system of censorship and privileges of the Old Regime, while at the same time imposing new limits on the transmission of information and opinions. These rapid developments led to new problems for the authorities. The government and its institutions had to position themselves in relation to the press, interact with it, and learn how to utilize it for their own purposes. There were two fields of action in the relations between political actors and the press: firstly, the deliberate distribution of information and propaganda, and secondly, repression and the interruption of the circuit of information. The ways in which information and propaganda were distributed varied: new newspapers were founded, and existing papers received financial aid. Mass subscriptions to newspapers were particularly common. Censorship was never reintroduced during the Revolution, but ‘unofficial’ measures were taken to suppress information. These included the banning of newspapers, the imprisonment of journalists, printers, or booksellers, the interception of newspapers sent by post, repression against street vendors of prints, or legal proceedings against journalists, editors, booksellers, or printers
Lejeune, Thierry. "La justice politique : l'exemple du département du Nord (1811-1914)." Lille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL20010.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of the thesis is approached from a regional point of view, by studying the judicial practise of common law courts - the assizes and police courts - as well as exceptional judicial practice - special courts, provost courts or joint committee - in the North department whose case-law can be derived from the archives. The result of this analysis shows the autonomy of the judicial practice in comparison with the text governing it. This analysis offers a new contribution to the political history of that period, revealing the behaviour of the people living in that region. In the North department, during the 1811-1851 period, ordinary political justice was moderate as regards both criminal and police courts. But besides this justice, the authorities appealed to exceptional judicial practice whenever serious political crises occurred. Under the Monarchie de Juillet, a liberal political justice developed; in political and press-cases as well, not-guilty verdicts grew in number and eventually led to a certain impunity of political criminality. The liberal spirits was brought to and end by the coup d'État which took place on December 2nd, 1851. The Second Empire, without hesitating appealed to exceptional judicial practices and police courts as well, so as to eliminate any opposition. The liberalism of the Third Republic was particularly ambiguous. Greater public freedom was acknowledged by the Republic. But considering the monarchist, socialist and anarchistic perils, the opportunist republicans occasionally did not hesitate to vote in further laws, so as to defend and strengthen the regime. Consequently, the 1852-1914 period was marked by the decline of a liberal justice
Gobert, Jean-Marie. "L'itinéraire intellectuel et politique de "La Revue des deux mondes", 1848-1893." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985IEPP0012.
Повний текст джерелаEscarpit, David. "L'écrit politique en occitan en Gironde (1860-1914)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30003/document.
Повний текст джерелаOccitan and political paper in Gironde ( 1860-1914 ) The project of thesis consists of an analysis of the non-literary practices of the Occitan in Gironde between 1860 and 1914, essentially in and around the press. The project is served by the existence of an impressive already skinned, referenced and listed corpus, articles, bills, songs and poems in langue d'oc, appeared during this period within diverse Girondist organs of press. We are talking about an Occitan of complicity used for political purposes: it is a question of touching the masses of voters stemming from rural circles, which do not still master, for the majority, French. This study allowed to highlight an almost unexplored piece of the publishing of Bordeaux world of the XIXth century : the political paper in Occitan. Or under the shape of printed pamphlets, without using the new vector of distribution of the information and the opinion that is the press, this paper gave rise to real large-scale productions. Becoming integrated into previous Occitan linguistic practices peculiar to Bordeaux, it knew how to be renewed until join the margins of the Occitan rebirth movement, besides quasi-non-existent in the country at that time. Revealing the interest for the political circles to use the minority idiom to the urban area of Bordeaux and around, this paper allows us of touch of the finger a still badly known sociolinguistic reality, in which one conscientizacion of the masses in the republican project (or to oppose it) needs the occitan language
Darriulat, Philippe. "Albert Laponneraye : journaliste et militant socialiste du premier XIXe siècle." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100112.
Повний текст джерелаAlbert Laponneraye, (1808-1849), whose father was an emigrant, was, as a new-born infant, abandoned at the orphans' hospital in tours by his parents who recognised him eight years later ; he twice proved himself an innovator within the republican left at the beginning of the "monarchie de juillet", first by publishing the first openly robespierrist history of the french revolution, in his printed lessons for the public history classes which he started on november 6th 1831. Thanks to his relationship with Robespierre’s younger sister charlotte and with his publication (the first ever made) of the complete works of the leader of the jacobins, he become the major spokesman of Robespierre’s thoughts, within a republican panty which had found a model in the "montagne". He then innovated when he published "l'intelligence" (1837-1840) the first newspaper whose publication did not stop and which was considered to be communist or at least to prefigurate the communist movement which developed after 1840. He was a typical representative of the young generation of radical republicans born in the first years of the century, and he was sentenced to five years imprisonment for his writings from 1832 to 1837 and spent half of that time in the prison of sainte-pelagie, the other half in hospital for heart treatment. After the failure of his newspaper "l'intelligence" he became one of cabet's collaborators but their relationship soon came to an end. .
Mollier, Jean-Yves. "Histoire politique et histoire culturelle au coeur du XIXe siècle français." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010656.
Повний текст джерелаBoumbé, Ndirimian. "La politique dans "La Revue blanche" : analyse des contenus." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE1037.
Повний текст джерелаPrimi, Alice. ""Être fille de son siècle" : l’engagement politique des femmes dans l’espace public en France et en Allemagne de 1848 à 1870." Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/117812757#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Повний текст джерелаThe period which begins with the « Spring of Nations » and ends with the Franco-Prussian war of 1870 is characterized by a number of profound transformations within French and German society. An increasing proportion of the population intends to contribute directly to the definition of “progress” and takes action to effect social change through revolution, representational voting, associations… Despite the diverse obstacles facing them, some women do participate in public debates. They wish to assert their modernity and their ability to act in a free and autonomous manner for the common good and in the sense of “progress”. They are thus in contradiction with the “feminine” identity which is assigned to them, and which is mandatory to their social recognition. Furthermore German women who want to contribute to the building of their nation must affect a gendered national identity, which adds to the heavy constraints already imposed on them. This confrontational situation brings these politicised women to criticise ideas of their contemporaries – liberals, democrats, socialists – who intend to continue along the route of “progress” without them. The relations of power brought to light by the interaction of these women with their male counterparts emphasise the limitations of the social and political restructuring projects whose unspoken objective is not to weaken the social order based on the patriarchal family
Hallade, Sébastien. "« A la recherche de la meilleure des républiques ». Les romanciers-feuilletonistes engagés sous la Deuxième République française. Littérature, presse, politique et morales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUL036.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe title of my thesis partly takes up the title of a satirical novel written by Louis Reybaud, a novelist, columnist and representative of the people, elected to the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences in 1850: Jérôme Paturot à la recherche de la meilleure des Républiques, offered in serials, by extracts, in the spring and summer of 1848. From August 1, 1850, under article 14 of the law on the press passed on July 16, 1850, any serial novel was taxed - until the repeal of this article, after 19 months of existence, by article 36 of the organic decree on the press of February 17, 1852, which took effect on March 1, 1852. Why did the majority of the National Legislative Assembly decide in the summer of 1850, about 29 months after the birth of the Second Republic, to tax serial novels? This PhD is based on the census of 155 authors of committed serial novels and of 952 serial novels published in the press of the departments of the Seine and of the Seine-et-Oise - particularly targeted by the Riancey stamp (after the name of the representative of the people who was behind article 14) - and on a prosopographic approach, in order to retrace the literary and political career and the reception of the authors of serial novels studied. At the crossroads of a political, literary, and religious history, this thesis intends, above all, to question the object of the serial novel and the figure of the 1848 novelist-journalist in light of the moral question under the Second Republic as well as the relevance of the caesura of 1850 as a literary, aesthetic and ethical break
Baudouin, Patricia. "Balzac, journaliste et penseur du politique, 1830-1850." Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/117570958#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Повний текст джерелаWriter, journalist and political thinker : those three activities are closely linked in Balzac’s life between 1830 and 1848. His work and his life show an author led by politics, in a unitary way that includes social, religious and economical questions. In a time of post-revolutionary discord, Balzac, beside his contemporaries, tries to avert the bursting and to rebuild a lasting order by rethinking politics, which means not only the power – its forms, means and stakes – but also the society where politics exercise. During the July Monarchy, Balzac plays a major role in the city, as an actor and as a critical witness of his time; he was in shift, or even in dissidence with regard to the dominant way of thinking. His texts and commitments express the affirmation and paradoxes of the public space during the July Monarchy. As a man and a writer of discomfort, Balzac writes both about and against his century. His refusal to accept the restraints of a party or to rally men and ideas of his century brings him to try a synthesis from the various trends of thinking, the present ones as the past ones. In this way, he proposes a system that defies classifications and maintains the opposites in a permanent tension. The balzacian vision of politics asks questions about politics but do not impose any answer. It suspends certitudes and keeps its actuality
Dzanouni, Lamia. "Le dessin journalistique au service du dessein politique des Noirs aux Etats-Unis et en France (1861-1965) : moments-clés et regards croisés." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA121.
Повний текст джерелаWithin the framework of Histoire croisée, this thesis focuses on the impact of press drawings, in France and in the USA, on the black population’s fight to obtain rights at key moments between 1861 and 1965. Following their surrender at the end of the US Civil War, the Confederates bolstered their racist ideology with a new ideological weapon, the political cartoon, a major asset in the Union’s victory. In the XX century, th the African Americans reacted to the confederate propaganda and a war of images ensued. Simultaneously, some black artists went into exile in France in order to fight back more adequately. France provided an ideal environment for artistic expression due to hostility against them in Paris being lower than in the USA. Their success abroad thus demonstrated the responsibility and the complicity on the part of American institutions in terms of racial discrimination. That said, the French attitude was far from admirable when it came to its colonies, particularly those of black Africa. Though racism and discrimination were clearly visible within the USA, these mindsets were insinuated more perniciously within French society, the country’s newspapers contributing substantially to this pictorial emulation. A focus on the inter-crossings between these two countries reveals unique analogies in the representation of black people in the newspapers of the time, both within the segregationist system of the USA as well as within France’s colonial empire. The stereotypes developed by the racist press pervaded the collective subconscious as archetypes. The partisans of emancipation protested against this propagation through the use of their own image in different phases of their fight – between the Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement in the United States; and from colonial France to the African independence movements. This analysis of the history of the press and of its illustrations seeks to shed light on the progressive convergence of American and French laws aiming at a society free from racial prejudice. It also underlines the idea that the image bears meaning, constituting a language in its own right, and that it plays a significant role in the construction and the deconstruction of racial inequality
Choplin, Cédric. "La représentation des peuples exotiques et des missions dans Feiz ha Breiz (1865-1884)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370510.
Повний текст джерелаCerdeira, Virginie. "Le Mercure François : écrire et publier l’histoire du temps présent (1611-1648)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3082.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is to study the Mercure Francois as a real history object. Often considered as an archaic form of the periodic political news media, this collection of twenty-five volumes printed and published periodically in Paris between 1611 and 1648, pursued in fact the goal of writing and publishing the present history of the kingdom of France and Christian Europe between 1605 and 1644. The joint analysis of the entire collection to the cases studied and chosen for the political issues at that time is the approach taken here. The crossing of internal and external sources to the Mercure François used to analyze the definition of the periodical by the actors, and, therefore, to clarify their definition of history. The writing of it was seen as a political and civic engagement. The comparison of the narration and the publication of important political events in various media has clarified the crucial role of Richer brothers, Mercure François’ printers and booksellers in the foundation engaged of the collection. It has also allowed to note changes in the Mercure François according to the political context and to the growing influence of the reason of State’s theories at the time
Reymond, Adrien. "Zola et le droit public d'après son Excellence Eugène Rougon." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020033.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this research work is to study the political and legal thought of Zola in Son Excellence Eugène Rougon and to understand to what extent the author can be considered as a historian of law.This sixth novel of the cycle Les Rougon Macquart, hardly seems to have been studied that from a literary or purely historic point of view. Yet, by opening for the first time this novel, the jurist is surprised hearing the writer to speak to him so well notions and institutions which he knows. He notices while the naturalistic literature of the writer makes relive with a big perspicacity the Second Empire, fundamental time in the history of institutions, administrative law and public liberties.The novelist so reconstitutes under the eyes two trials in front of the Council of State, at the very moment when the « recours pour excès de pouvoir » is growing and the « ministre juge » theory, in decline. Also, about thirty years before the works of Moisei Ostrogorski, the Rougon’s« bande » appears, as a « political party » before the term existed and allows Zola - in the course of its descriptions - to show its fine qualities of political analyst.As for the public liberties (the freedom of the media in particular), they will not escape the acerbic criticism of a republican writer.These criticisms - which let for a long time think that Zola was the privileged author of the « légende noire du Second Empire » - are in reality, more subtle than it countered there.The clear-sightedness of the man of letters allows so more than ever to light the man of right avid to understand its own univers
Feyel, Gilles. "L'Annonce et la nouvelle : la presse d'information et son évolution sous l'Ancien Régime : (1630-1788)." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010555.
Повний текст джерелаJean-Baptiste, Fabienne. "Feuilletons et Histoire. Idées et opinions des élites de Bourbon et de Maurice dans la presse de 1817 à 1848." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634385.
Повний текст джерелаWachenheim, Pierre. "Art et politique, langage pictural et sédition dans l'estampe sous le règne de Louis XV." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010623.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Meur Cyril. "Les moralistes français et la politique à la fin du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040116.
Повний текст джерелаMarcil, Yasmine. "Récits de voyage et presse périodique au XVIIIe siècle, de l'extrait à la critique." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0029.
Повний текст джерелаSorel, Patricia. "L'imprimerie et la librairie en Bretagne : 1780-1830." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS0005.
Повний текст джерелаBa, Papa Ousmane. "Montesquieu et la liberté politique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010589.
Повний текст джерелаDenis, Vincent. "Individu, identité et identification en France 1715-1815." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010645.
Повний текст джерелаRazafindralambo, Bakoly. "Les "préliminaires de Paix" : Une revue politique allemande (1793-1796) de Ludwig Ferdinand Huber." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA1005.
Повний текст джерелаPonsot, Armelle. "Des réformes monarchiques à la bienfaisance nationale : la mise en œuvre des politiques sociales entre Seine et Somme, 1764-1795." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL582.
Повний текст джерелаCharles, Loïc. "La liberté du commerce des grains et l'économie politique française (1750-1770)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010063.
Повний текст джерелаSlimani, Ahmed. "La modernité du concept de nation au XVIIIème siècle (1715-1789) : apports des thèses parlementaires et des idées politiques du temps." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32054.
Повний текст джерелаDenys, Catherine. "Sûreté publique et sécurité personnelle dans les villes de la frontière entre les Pays-Bas et la France au XVIIIe siècle." Artois, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ARTO0001.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the study is to examine the conditions of security of people and policies of public safety of five towns on both sides of the french-belgian border in the 18th century. The first part deals with the organisation of the urban police. The power of the aldermen in the region allowed them to keep practically all their responsabilities intact over the police, thanks to the failure of the "lieutenants generaux de police" and the far-off control of the "intendant". The "sergents de ville", under the orders of the "lieutenants-prevots", make up the grassroot police forces, which were improved by major reforms in the middle of the century. Furthermore, the army set up an efficient police force which led the aldermen to collaborate daily with the local military commanders. This caused a decline in the police of the city dwellers, the watches et the guards. The second part looks at the measures that tended to improve the policies of urban security. The issue of security appears in various domaines : street policing, checks on foreigners, prevention and help in case of fire, etc. The major feature of the 18th century is based on three new factors : public lighting, rescuing of drowned people and theatre police. Thanks to these concerted efforts, the urban landscape becomes less dangerous by the end of the century. The third part attempts to establish the link between security and urban space, first, on the level of the house, the neighbourhood and the town, then by looking at the different solutions of police zoning, starting from forms of social self-regulation to the military grids set up by patrols and guardrooms. Finally, the conclusion stresses the importance of the military model in the development of the french police as opposed to other european models
Bianchi, Serge. "Vie, pratiques et sociabilité politiques en milieu rural dans le sud de l'Ile-de-France : Essonne et Val-de-Marne : de 1787 à 1800." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010649.
Повний текст джерелаThe political life of 240 villages and market towns in the Île-de-France region is studied in three autonomous and complementary parts. The first part deals with "power systems in the village" within the context of the composition of the first contemporary town telas regard to their daily life as well as their relationship with the authorities in charge of the supervision of their activities, and this, from the edict of june 1787 to the cantonal municipalities of the directoire. The concepts of "municipal mobility", autonomy and "administrative centralization trends" are successively defined. The second part analyzes all the elections which were held during the revolution decade, within the frame work of participation and abstention, the influence of towns on villages, and what was at stake during each election type : local, cantonal primary assemblies, district primary assemblies, ratifications of the constitutions of 1793, years III and VIII. The third part deals with the transition from traditionnal life in the village society to the new forms of life in the republican society. The political acculturation of the Île-de-France countryside is related on the basis of its ways (school, army, law) and basic structuring factors (subsistence and religion). This study leads on to a typology of the villages involved in the revolutionary process, from the "republicans" to the "resistants", by means of a cross referential network of thematic maps and actual features of politic life and pratice
Barbier, Madeleine. "La maîtrise des eaux et forêts de la Basse-Alsace et l'introduction de la législation forestière française (17e-18e siècle)." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR30005.
Повний текст джерелаThe province of Alsace became part of the French Kingdom in 1648. It was however only in 1694 that, Louis 14 started to introduce the french forest legislation through specific courts of justice called maitrises des eaux et forets. These courts had to ensure the enforcement of the water and forest ordonances. The introduction of the forest ordonance from 1669, which deprived people from their advantages regarding the forest use granted by the austrian emperors, caused a strong opposition among the alsacian population. Through a decision of 1696, the town of Haguenau and the king each held the ownership and the usufruct of the half of the forest. In 1700, the competence of the alsacian maitrises was limited to the royal forests only, and the administrative control of the private forests was entrusted to the intendancy of Alsace. This thesis work first presents and compares the evolution of the french and the imperial forest legislation before 1648. Next the functioning of the maitrise of Haguenau during the 18th century is analysed. It took charge of the forest development, suppress the forest crimes and made a prudent application of the ordonance of 1669
Coignard, Tristan. "Les Lumières et la question du pouvoir : l'exemple d'un réseau de publicistes autour de Peter Adolph Winkopp." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30046.
Повний текст джерелаAs soon as public opinion rised in Germany during the 18th century, the interaction between press and power came up for discussion. How did the question of power get a key part in the relationship between official authorities and journalists who aim at participating in public life? That question concerns the nature of political power, the conflicts between authorities and journalists and the birth of press power. The connection between Enlightenment press and power is illustrated by a case study concerning a network of journalists whose central personality is Peter Adolph Winkopp (1759-1813). Those journalists share a similar ambiguous behaviour towards political and religious power. On the one hand, the contentious and polemical potential of their writings during the 1780s leads to a strong repressive reaction of the authorities. On the other hand, the journalists finally cooperate with the political systems which condemned them. That attitude can be explained by their will to reform the state; despite repression, the journalists keep on believing in a constitution which guarantees freedom and in a sovereign which would be able to impose the legacy of Enlightenment in Germany. Therefore, those journalists are to be seen as intermediaries between the 18th and the 19th century. Through the figure of Peter Adolph Winkopp, a picture of Germany is drawn, which shows that its states hesitate about the way that they are going to choose. Nevertheless, his writings and periodicals prove deep changes in public opinion. The values he defended are going to be handed down to posterity
Saint-Victor, Jacques de. "Droits historiques et constitution à la fin du XVIIIe siècle : Le programme noir (1788-1791)." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020100.
Повний текст джерелаFrom boulainvilliers to montesquieu, from saint-simon to 18th century "parlementaires", many aristocrats tried to curb the growth of absolutism. What was their justification ? the so-called "german antique constitution" that would have enable aristocracy to remain in power. The "historical right" trend - also known as the aristocratic liberalism or aristocratic constitutionalism - has given birth to a liberal theory of manarchy. It is little known that this trend has greatly influenced a majority of the "assemblee constituante" 300 deputies, "noirs" or "aristocrates". The aim of this thesis is to study the deputies program, torn between their fear of the crown and their fear of the crowd
Belissa, Marc. "La cosmopolitique du droit des gens (1713-1795) : fraternité universelle et intérêt national au siècle des Lumières et pendant la Révolution française." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010502.
Повний текст джерелаFrom the project ofr a perpetual peace of the abbé des Saint-Pierre in 1713 to Kant's in 1795, XVIIIth century's philosophers debate of peace making and of new relations between the peoples. The concept of the law of nations inherited from the philosophical debates of the xvith and xviith centuries plays a central role in this reflexion. People of the enlightment argue about the abilitiy of humanity to achieve peace, and about the means of achieving a civil relationship between nations. The manners of the ancien regime are submitted to the critique of reason : conquest, the laws of war and diplomacy are rejected. How to conciliate universal brotherhood with the love of one's country ? How to conceive an economic development wich respects the reciprocity of the rights of peoples ? The answers to these questions give the outlines of political trends crystallise in french and american revelutions between 1776 et 1795. Two approaches materialize progressively. The first approach intends to build a national power able to defend its own interests in a political space made of independant nations and wich are tried by a positive law of nations. In this system the nation-state sovereignity replaces the private order of the ancien regime. The other approach, wich we call a "cosmopolitics of the law of nations", aims to build a civil and federate society of nations wich would be a warrant for the rights of the peoples
Balázs, Péter. "La philosophie politique et morale du marquis d'Argenson (1694-1757)." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010617.
Повний текст джерелаSouchet, Pradelle Françoise. "Les journaux littéraires en 1789 : l'institution et l'évènement." Lyon 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO20008.
Повний текст джерелаThe mercure de france, the annee litteraire, the journal encyclopedique and the journal des savants to which this study for the year 1789 is devoted, all react to the events according to their own traditional opinions. The first three, with an increasing awareness of the impact that politics is having as the months go by, give it more and more coverage, whereas the journal des savants refuses to recognize the political upheaval taking place. The manner in which they present the books and other aspects of the cultural activity of the day illustrate their desire to remain true to themselves when confronted with the problems of the moment. Although the journal des savants is almost exclusively concerned with legal reforms, these journals voice their political preferences by studying the different aspects of france's regeneration. By the end of the year, the reforms which are already well underway lead them to believe that the revolution is over and they all express their satisfaction
Perron, Fabrice. "L'économie du département de la Marne sous le Directoire, crise ou mutations? : l'exemple des cantons des anciens districts de Reims, Châlons et Epernay." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIML001.
Повний текст джерелаThe object of this work consists of discussing the founding of the use of the term “crisis” in assessing the economic situation of a micro-region – namely, the ancient districts of Reims, Châlons, and Epernay. It focuses on a research question of studying ways of improving economic activity. It starts by questioning the demographic reality of this period and, with a social contrast approach, distinguishes problematic actors and elites likely to count on gaining advantage during this period. We insist, then, on two axes: on one hand, the factors of improving economic activity without ignoring potential obstacles, and on the other hand, the combination of indicators of recovery and signs of change. Several positive indicators for improvement can be distinguished, including intentions and achievements. Not forgotten are the persistence of difficulties for certain categories of the population. It appears, however, that the Directory, in spite of the difficulties that are generally attributed to it, opens the way in this micro-region to a progress-driven economic situation under the Consulate at the beginning of the Empire
Le, Goff Samuel. "Elites et pouvoir municipal dans les petites villes bretonnes au XVIIIème siècle, 1730-1788." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20007.
Повний текст джерелаWho rules the small brittany towns in the eighteenth century ? How did they were governed ? This is central theme of this study. The politcal power in these towns was a balance between judges aund city councils, these last institution took power over the judges arond the middle of the eighteenth century. In this study, we are going to discover the ruling of these cities councils
Massalsky, Alain. "Élections et politisation dans le département des Hautes-Pyrénées, 1790-1799." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010686.
Повний текст джерелаGuignet, Philippe. "Le Pouvoir dans la ville au XVIIIe siècle : étude comparative de part et d'autre de la frontière "gallo-belge"." Lille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL30009.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at a comparative study in the eighteenth century of the history of the towns on both sides of the frontier breaking the southern nederlands' unity. In this area of urban civilisation and well anchored municipal tradition, the antiquity and strength of local and provincial self-government assert themselves, even if in the north of france the absolutism has begun his work of undermining. As a matter of fact, the magistrates who are endowed with huge powers are the keystones of a urban political model whose thesis proves the social, moral and spiritual coherence. Our purpose in this thesis also consists in studying the recruitment of great bodies of aldermen which are especially peopled with nobles, lawyers and rentiers. In the other hand, we peer at the familial networks underlying the relationship of power. In the second half of the xviiith century, the spanish and catholic model of the "good town" meets a crisis. And the thesis ends by a comparaison between two stages of revolutionary changes relating to urban powers in the years 1787-1794
Bedel, Vanina. "La maréchaussée dans la généralité de Guyenne au XVIIIème siècle : 1720-1790." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40014.
Повний текст джерелаThe French Maréchaussée was at the origin of the Gendarmerie Nationale. In the eighteen-century, the maréchaussée experienced its main reforms, which structured and militarized it and turned it into a police force present in the countryside of the realm, a feature that it retained after the French Revolution. The royalty made it a police institution at its service without depriving it from its jurisdictional character. The Company of Guyenne, as far back as 1720, settled in the généralité, the capital of which is Bordeaux. The history of the maréchaussée then became a history of its dealings with different local authorities, administrative and judicial, of the increase of its mission of police, and of the decline of its jurisdictional action, considered, wrongly, as expeditious and arbitrary. The maréchaussée had then to find a place in the institutional intricacy of the Ancient Regime, at the crossroads of the centralizing policy of the monarchy, the " judiciary imbroglio ", of the political, military and economic crises that shake the century, and of the reality of its daily practical experience
Fallateuf, Cécile Marie. "Le mariage des rois de France (1600-1770)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF20007.
Повний текст джерелаMotivared by national or international political ambition, the marriage of the kings of France follows a ritual more and more codified in the course of the XVIIth century. To understand the ceremony and his political impact, it is necessary to analyse different stages which compose it. Royal marriage dresses a double definition of civil contract and sacrament. The contract formalizes diplomatic or territorial agreements between both kingdoms and regulates the new juridical existence of the bride as queen of France. As for the religious ceremony, it is organized at three time : the union by proxy in the kingdom of the princess, the trip of the bride until France, and finally the renewal of sacrament in the presence of both couple. This nonstandard time is opportunity to be delighted and to feast. Celebrations are very important in the conjugal ceremony because they participate in the communion of the people and monarchic power, while reinforcing social and hierarchic links. The necessity to sit the face of the king as divine and sovereign leader, calls elaboration to edit State ceremonies coming to reinforce and to define power. From Henri IV, power sees a means in marriage to transport political announcements and so, by means of a directed propaganda, to construct or repeat the ideal picture of the monarch and his wife in the monarchal system. The stake of this thesis is to known if the marriage of the king of France can be considered to be a State ceremony, in the same capacity as those studied by Kantorowicz and his followers
Leleu-Desseaux, Fabienne. "Assister et soigner : l'exemple d'Amiens au XVIIIe sicécle." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020124.
Повний текст джерелаDecroix, Arnaud. "Repenser la question fiscale en France, 1749-1789 : logique de la transparence et recherche de la confiance publique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32034.
Повний текст джерелаAfter 1749, the movement of the Enlightenment accentuated itself and strove to introduce the logic of transparency into the heart into the heart of French society. These demands of publicity manifested itself in a manner particularly evident in matters of public finance. In effect, they interrogated with acuteness the new fiscal administration, presented as arbitrary. It was precisely to respond to this will of rationalization and justice that the Controller General of finances, Machault d'Arnouville established, in 1749, the imposition of the vingtième. This universal tax forced henceforth the taxpayers to present to the treasury an exact declaration of their revenues. Nevertheless, it is interesting to raise that in return, the greatest transparency was equally demanded from the part of the monarchy. Thus, the sovereign Court required, in several rounds, the communication of the state of public accounts. The public debate crystallized itself equally around financial pamphlets. Emerging from the Seven Years War and under the liberal ministry of Turgot, the decades of writing were published and diffused, favoring the discussion of matters regarding fiscal reform. The publication by Necker of the premier compte that renderes public the finances of the State, in 1781, drove also an important controversy with progressively political stakes. This evolution was accentuated by the permanent recourse to loans, necessitating the introduction of great transparency in the accounts of the monarchy. In effect, public credit rested, in the last place, in confidence, based on the extended knowledge of financial reality, destined to reassure the creditors of the State. Definitely, the study of the fiscal question must essentially permit the best understanding of the emergence of public opinion in the years 1749-1789
Félix, Joël. "Administration, finances et politique au siècle des Lumières : le ministère du contrôleur général L'Averdy (1763-1768)." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHESA006.
Повний текст джерелаSurreaux, Simon. "Les Maréchaux de France au XVIIIe siècle. Histoire sociale, politique et culturelle d’une élite militaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040179.
Повний текст джерелаIn the society of the Ancient Regime, the marshals of France were in charge of the king’s military. In the 18th century, most of the eighty general officers were quite elderly when granted marshalcy. In a first part, this PhD highlights the shift from a title initially acquired to command during wartime to a favour granted during peacetime. The following parts explore the place of this elite within society. Through the study of matrimonial alliances, it is to be understood to what extent nobiliary endogamy or exogamy were part of a strategy of heritage maintenance and enrichment. The notarial deeds contribute to study the base of their wealth. The analysis of their heritage, debts and incomes permits to identify the fluctuations of their wealth, which shows that the marshals were an economically dynamic group and depending solely on traditional forms of investment. One can thus rebuild the marshals’ place in the city through their daily lives and their heritage’s management. The last part focuses on the culture of this military elite. The systematic analysis of wills testifies to their attitudes towards death. The internal curiosities of these noble men of war informs us about their behaviours as collectors. The marshals’ place in the social life of the time, in the Parisian or provincial academies, in the Masonic lodges, and certain salons, ends up this social, political as well as cultural history of a military elite that had been forgotten so far
Juratic, Sabine. "Le monde du livre à Paris entre absolutisme et Lumières : recherches sur l'économie de l'imprimé et sur ses acteurs." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE4051.
Повний текст джерелаBased on a study of printed books professionals and their practices, this thesis evaluates the economic impact of the state control over all printed material that king louis the xivth established at the beginning of his reign and that lasted until the revolution. First part looks into printing and publishing organization in paris as driven by booksellers and printers community. Second part details socio-professional aspects of master printers from end of 17th and over a century. The last part highligts the changes in printing labor and how they impact the distribution business
Tillet, Édouard. "La constitution anglaise, un modele politique et institutionnel dans la france des lumieres." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32016.
Повний текст джерелаMainguy, Anne. "Du corps du roi aux corps de l'Etat : les jetons des grandes administrations, 1695-1758." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0A11.
Повний текст джерелаMy work deals with the imagery of the french monarchy, by studying a numismatic source: jettons. I try to rehabilitate jettons first as a fondamental component place in the numismatic, which has been neglecting them for too long a time, and second as crucial source for historical research, as a significant source. The first volume of my thesis is an historical study of these tokens. In the first part, i describe how jettons were used in the medieval accountancy. From henri iv, they give more and more a political message. Under absolut monarchy, the state has monopoly over metallic messages : the academic des inscriptions et belles-lettres is sole creator of the inscriptions and iconography which can be found on these jettons, and political authorities supervise its works. Jettons means for ideological propaganda. The second part of my work describes the way in which these tokens are created, their strike, and i present the craftsmen involved. Jettons are distributed to the highest dignitaries of the french state. They are created by an elite for the elite. In the third part of my work, i study the symbolic language, and especially three themes: war, sea and finances. In the light of the works of kantorowicz, ralph giesey, jean-marie apostolides, louis marin (among others), it is possible to study the realistic or symbolic representations of the king's body. We see that the state bodies (the administrations) become more and more autonomous, while the king's body becomes progressively abstract. This metallic source shows how new values are appearing: after louis xiv, the war's king, economic and financial concerns become more significant. The second volume of my thesis is constituted by a corpus, where all studied pieces are gathered, from 1695 (the monopoly's beginning) to 1758 (strikes end). They are each illustrated, described, with the latine inscription and its translation. Documents referring to each jetton is related. Jettons are presented in the following order : "tresor royal", "parties casuelles", "ordinaire des guerres", "extraordinaire des guerres", "marine", "galeres", "artillerie", "batiments du roi", "chambre aux deniers", "maison de la reine" and "maison de madame la dauphine"
Hayakawa, Nagashima Riho. "La politisation populaire en question. France 1788-1792 : violence populaire et justice populaire." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010511.
Повний текст джерелаUmbrecht, Véronique Martine. "Entre Empire et Royaume, les Messieurs du Conseil souverain et leurs demeures au XVIIIe siècle en Alsace." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR20073.
Повний текст джерелаWhen the Sovereign Council of Alsace gets permanently established in Colmar in 1698, the ancient imperial city is transformed. Who are these councillors indeed, these so called “Messieurs” ? Originally natives of “France of inside”, they are distinguished by a high juridical university training, of strict professional and ethical criteria of conscription and a local conjugal policy. Their existence is governed by new social codes and noble way of life. Keeping close relationship with Paris, these magistrates contribute to introduce French art in Alsace. During parliament sessions, a great majority of councillors stay urban hotels in Colmar. In summer, they are used to leave the city and stay in their countryside residences. These two types of buildings reflect the French architecture of the 18th century. The decoration is inspired by the Paris style. The furniture represents a French but comfortable way of life. Richly furnished, residences include also rich libraries. Reading the inventories of these collections lets appear an oscillation between traditional books and of new titles, vectors of French Enlightenment
Taudou, Pierre. "Joseph-Jérôme Siméon juriste et homme politique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32021.
Повний текст джерелаThe successive episodes in Joseph-Jérôme Siméon's long life (1749-1842) are considered in turn. At the end of the Ancien Régime, his social situation as lawyer at Parliament, his connections with the court and the Saint-Victor's chapter, as well as his rank as senior administrator, plunge us into the history of the Provence region on the eve of the Révolution. Simeon's active participation in legal matters, in the Conseil des Cinq-Cents, at the Tribunat and the Conseil d'Etat, his contribution to the definition of the Code civil, lead us to consider questions of civil rights such as filiation, adoption, succession of illegitimate children, matrimonial status, divorce, the possession of civil rights, acts of civil status, but also criminal law and administrative matters. On a political level, Siméon's lobbying for a constitutional monarchy is dealt with, as is his support for the 1802 Concordat. The institutional and political life under the Directoire, the Consulat and the Empire (namely in Westphalia), and then during the Restauration is considered because of Simeon's elective functions and the eminent role he played in several cabinets and in the Chambre des pairs