Дисертації з теми "Préservation des structures fines"
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Longuefosse, Arthur. "Apprentissage profond pour la conversion d’IRM vers TDM en imagerie thoracique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0489.
Повний текст джерелаThoracic imaging faces significant challenges, with each imaging modality presenting its own limitations. CT, the gold standard for lung imaging, delivers high spatial resolution but relies on ionizing radiation, posing risks for patients requiring frequent scans. Conversely, lung MRI, offers a radiation-free alternative but is hindered by technical issues such as low contrast and artifacts, limiting its broader clinical use. Recently, UTE-MRI shows promise in addressing some of these limitations, but still lacks the high resolution and image quality of CT, particularly for detailed structural assessment. The primary objective of this thesis is to develop and validate deep learning-based models for synthesizing CT-like images from UTE-MRI. Specifically, we aim to assess the image quality, anatomical accuracy, and clinical applicability of these synthetic CT images in comparison to the original UTE-MRI and real CT scans in thoracic imaging. Initially, we explored the fundamentals of medical image synthesis, establishing the groundwork for MR to CT translation. We implemented a 2D GAN model based on the pix2pixHD framework, optimizing it using SPADE normalization and refining preprocessing techniques such as resampling and registration. Clinical evaluation with expert radiologists showed promising results in comparing synthetic images to real CT scans. Synthesis was further enhanced by introducing perceptual loss, which improved structural details and visual quality, and incorporated 2.5D strategies to balance between 2D and 3D synthesis. Additionally, we emphasized a rigorous validation process using task-specific metrics, challenging traditional intensity-based and global metrics by focusing on the accurate reconstruction of anatomical structures. In the final stage, we developed a robust and scalable 3D synthesis framework by adapting nnU-Net for CT generation, along with an anatomical feature-prioritized loss function, enabling superior reconstruction of critical structures such as airways and vessels. Our work highlights the potential of deep learning-based models for generating high-quality synthetic CT images from UTE-MRI, offering a significant improvement in non-invasive lung imaging. These advances could greatly enhance the clinical applicability of UTE-MRI, providing a safer alternative to CT for the follow-up of chronic lung diseases. Furthermore, a patent is currently in preparation for the adoption of our method, paving the way for potential clinical use
Vicente, David. "Modèles de Mumford-Shah pour la détection de structures fines en image." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2055/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is a contribution to the fine tubular structures detection problem in a 2-D or 3-D image. We arespecifically interested in the case of angiographic images. The vessels are surrounded by noise and thenthe question is to segment precisely the blood network. The theoretical framework of our work is thecalculus of variations and we focus on the Mumford-Shah energy. Initially, this model is adapted to thedetection of volumetric structures extended in all directions of the image. The aim of this study is to buildan energy that favors sets which are extended in one direction, which is the case of fine tubes. Then, weintroduce a new unknown, a Riemannian metric, which captures the geometric structure at each point ofthe image and we give a new formulation of the Mumford-Shah energy adapted to this metric. Thecomplete analysis of this model is done: we prove that the associated problem of minimization is wellposed and we introduce an approximation by gamma-convergence more suitable for numerics. Eventually,we propose numerical experimentations adapted to this approximation
André, Raphaël. "Etude des structures fines de la convection ionospherique observees par superdarn : structures a forte divergence de vitesse." Orléans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ORLE2027.
Повний текст джерелаManoubi, Tahar. "Spectroscopie des pertes d'énergie des électrons sur quelques oxydes : analyse quantitative et structures fines." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112267.
Повний текст джерелаA large family of oxides has been investigated by electron energy loss spectroscopy in order to correlate electron excitation spectra to crystal structure and chemical composition. This study has been performed with a magnetic spectrometer of high energy resolution (sub 1 eV over the loss range 0-2000 eV) and in a STEM with high spatial resolution (a few nm), which is quite suited to inhomogeneous specimens. This manuscript deals with two major developments. Lt describes: 1) A quantitative elemental analysis method on thin foils. Two approaches have been followed to extract local concentration measurements from the intensities of characteristic core edges. The first one uses subtraction of background fitted with a power law curve and we have evaluated the precision of the measurement and uncertainties sources. The second one consists in modelizing the experimental spectrum as the superposition of several computed contributions. We have thus improved the experimental determination of M45 cross sections for lanthanides. 2) A high resolution spectroscopy tool on thin foils, for both valence electrons and atomic orbitals excitations. In the first case, the concept of plasmon bas been discussed in these compounds which differ noticeably from the simple jellium, and the parameterization of the dielectric constants is used to define the electron population for a given excitation feature. Ln the second case, the fine structure on the threshold and in the vicinity of the absorption edges have been recorded for different site symmetries and local charge densities. The intensity of white lines on transition metal L23 edges and rare earth metal M45 edges has been analyzed. For oxygen K edges, the crystal field affect has been discriminated from the d band occupancy one
Rolin, Raphaël. "Contribution à une démarche numérique intégrée pour la préservation des patrimoines bâtis." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2450/document.
Повний текст джерелаThroughout this work, the main objective is to validate the relevance of construction and use of geometric or parametric 3D models BIM or hBlM-oriented for numerical analyzes. These include structural studies in the case of historic buildings, as well as planning for restoration work, energy renovation and rehabilitation. Complementary data mining and use of point clouds for the detection, segmentation and extraction of geometric features have also been integrated into the work and proposed methodology. The process of data processing, geometric or parametric modeling and their exploitation, proposed in this work, contributes to improve and understand better the constraints and stakes of the different configurations and conditions related to the case studies and the specific constraints specific to the types of constructions. The contributions proposed for the different geometric and parametric modeling methods from point clouds are addressed by the construction of geometric models BIM or hBlM-oriented. Similarly, the process of surface detection, extraction of data and elements from point clouds are presented. The application of these modeling methods is systematically illustrated by different case studies, all of whose relative work has been carried out within the framework of this thesis. The goal is therefore to demonstrate the interest and relevance of these numerical methods according to the context, needs and studies envisaged, for example with the spire of the Senlis cathedral (Oise) and the Hermitage site (Oise). Numerical analyzes with finite element method are used to validate the relevance of these approaches
Morard, Vincent. "Détection de structures fines par traitement d'images et apprentissage statistique : application au contrôle non destructif." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00932727.
Повний текст джерелаDrogoul, Audric. "Méthode du gradient topologique pour la détection de contours et de structures fines en imagerie." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4063/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the topological gradient method applied in imaging. Particularly, we are interested in object detection. Objects can be assimilated either to edges if the intensity across the structure has a jump, or to fine structures (filaments and points in 2D) if there is no jump of intensity across the structure. We generalize the topological gradient method already used in edge detection for images contaminated by Gaussian noise, to quasi-linear models adapted to Poissonian or speckled images possibly blurred. As a by-product, a restoration model based on an anisotropic diffusion using the topological gradient is presented. We also present a model based on an elliptical linear PDE using an anisotropic differential operator preserving edges. After that, we study a variational model based on the topological gradient to detect fine structures. It consists in the study of the topological sensitivity of a cost function involving second order derivatives of a regularized version of the image solution of a PDE of Kirchhoff type. We compute the topological gradients associated to perforated and cracked 2D domains and to cracked 3D domains. Many applications performed on 2D and 3D blurred and Gaussian noisy images, show the robustness and the fastness of the method. An anisotropic restoration model preserving filaments in 2D is also given. Finally, we generalize our approach by the study of the topological sensitivity of a cost function involving the m − th derivatives of a regularization of the image solution of a 2m order PDE
Payen, Julien. "Etude et développement de structures fibreuses nontissées dédiées à la filtration de particules fines dans l'air." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474263.
Повний текст джерелаCartier, dit Moulin Christophe. "Structures fines d'absorption des rayons X de complexes moléculaires d'éléments de transition de la premiere période." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112002.
Повний текст джерелаLn this work, molecular complexes of the first period transition elements are studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The first point is devoted to a fundamental study of the absorption edge: we take advantage of the versatility of coordination chemistry, to study complexes, with different stereochemistries and electronic structures. Ln the case of isolated molecules with well-known structures, we point out the influence of oxidation and spin states of the metallic ion, symmetry, metal-ligand distances and remote neighbours shells upon the edge. We discuss the transitions towards bound states using a molecular orbital approach. As for the XANES part of the spectrum, we use multiple scattering theory. We discuss the interest and the limitations of the two models. Sorne weak bands can be attributed to bielectronic transitions. This knowledge of the influence of different structural and electronic parameters which impel the fine structures of the edge and EXAFS spectroscopy are then used to characterise the local structure and stereochemistry of new compounds, of interest for their physical, chemical and catalytic properties. Then we studied:- The structural changes occurring during thermal spin cross-over in iron(ll), iron(lll) and cobalt(ll) complexes. - The stereochemistry of titanium(IV) complexes active in oxidation of sulfides in sulfoxides :at each reaction step, species are octahedral and do not show di µ oxo geometry. - The local order in basket-handle iron porphyrins, model compounds of haemoglobin. The spectrum of the oxy species allows to propose a Fe(ll)-02 formulation rather than a Fe(lll)-02 -. We used the time resolved EXAFS spectrometer at LURE to record structural kinetics data and study iron surroundings during the oxidation of an iron(ll) basket-handle porphyrin
Cartier, dit Moulin Christophe. "Structures fines d'absorption des rayons X de complexes moléculaires d'éléments de transition de la première période." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612490z.
Повний текст джерелаLacouture, Loïc. "Modélisation et simulation du mouvement de structures fines dans un fluide visqueux : application au transport mucociliaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS139/document.
Повний текст джерелаNumerous mucous membranes inside the human body are covered with cilia which, by their coordinated movements, lead to a circulation of the layer of fluid coating the mucous membrane, which allows, for example, in the case of the internal wall of the bronchi, the evacuation of the impurities inspired outside the respiratory system.In this thesis, we integrate the effects of the cilia on the fluid, at the scale of the cilium. For this, we consider the incompressible Stokes equations. Due to the very small thickness of the cilia, the direct computation would request a time-varying mesh grading around the cilia. To avoid too prohibitive computational costs, we consider the asymptotic of a zero diameter cilium with an infinite velocity: the cilium is modelled by a lineic Dirac of force in source term. In order to ease the computations, the lineic Dirac of forces can be approached by a sum of punctual Dirac masses distributed along the cilium. Thus, by linearity, we have switched our initial problem with the Stokes problem with a punctual force in source term. Thus, we simplify the computations, but the final problem is more singular than the initial problem. The loss of regularity involves a deeper numerical analysis and the development of a new method to solve the problem.We have first studied a scalar version of this problem: Poisson problem with a Dirac right-hand side. The exact solution is singular, therefore the finite element solution has to be defined with caution. In this case, the convergence is not as good as in the regular case, and thus we focused on local error estimates. We have proved a quasi-optimal convergence in H1-norm (s ď 1) on a sub-domain which does not contain the singularity. Similar results have been shown for the Stokes problem too.In order to recover an optimal convergence on the whole domain, we have developped a numerical method to solve elliptic problems with a Dirac mass or a punctual force in source term. It is based on the standard finite element method and the explicit knowl- edge of the singularity of the exact solution. Given the positions of the cilia and their parametrisations, this method permits to compute in 3d a very high number of cilia. We have applied this to the study of the mucociliary transport in the lung. This numerical tool gives us information we do not have with the experimentations and pathologies can be computed and studied by this way, like for example a small number of cilia
Garambois, Pierre. "Modèles éléments-finis mixtes réduits pour l'optimisation en dynamique des structures." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0036/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of thin structures is increasing in many industries. Their mechanical representation and optimization is therefore a major challenge in modern research. Usually, the optimization is done with a stress criterion which is determined through displacements finite-element model. The idea of this work is to build a mixed displacements-stresses finite-element model and to develop adapted reduction procedures, in order to improve the efficiency of existing optimization methods. On the one hand, we build two mixed displacements-generalized stresses finite element models, for thin and thick dynamic plate structures analysis. They afford the advantage of giving identical results as classical displacements models with a better computational time to re-build the stress fields. Nevertheless, they turn out to be tricky for some reasons : the bigger matrices size, the difficulty of modal analysis and an assembling time higher. That is the reason why we develop afterwards some sub-structuring methods and double modal synthesis specifically dedicated to mixed models. The idea is to use modal basis taken from the equivalent displacement model so as to build a new mixed reduced basis. Ten methods are implemented, based on fixed modes, free modes, and branch modes. Some of them turn out to be very efficient to drastically reduce the amount of degrees of freedom of the mixed model, without using its eigenmodes. Finally, we embed the sub-structured mixed model in the form of Mixed Super- Element in a genetic algorithm, with the aim of conducting a multi-objective optimization of academic plate structures under dynamic loads, with stresses criterion and thicknesses parameters. The models previously defined are configured with thicknesses as parameters, and therefore don’t need to be re-assembled for each configuration. We now dispose of a powerful thickness-parametrized mixed reduced plate finite element model : it keeps the advantages of an easy access to the stresses and is free of its important size thanks to the reduction method and of its assembling thanks to the parametrization. The result is an original and efficient mechanical model that reduces the computational cost of classical optimization algorithms. That type of model, coupled with powerful genetic algorithms, permits a global optimization with a good overview of the solutions and promises interesting perspectives for industrial uses
Nguyen, Phuong Anh. "Contrôle optimal localisé sur des structures fines pour des équations paraboliques semilinéaires et le système de Boussinesq." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30195.
Повний текст джерелаRjeb, Mohammed. "Etude critique de l'analyse des structures fines observées en SEELFS : application au seuil M23 du nickel face (111)." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10090.
Повний текст джерелаChainet, Eric. "Structures fines des pertes d'énergie et des électrons Auger : détermination de l'ordre local de l'interface Co/Si(111)." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10001.
Повний текст джерелаChainet, Eric. "Structures fines des pertes d'énergie et des électrons Auger détermination de l'ordre local de l'interface Co/Si(111) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603711p.
Повний текст джерелаRadtke, Guillaume. "Approche expérimentale et simulation des structures fines en spectroscopie de pertes d'énergie des électrons : application au cas des A1xGa1-xN." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0057/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBensaoula, Amar. "Spectroscopies des électrons Auger et des pertes d'énergie, et structures fines associées : application aux interfaces Co-Si et Fe-Si." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10073.
Повний текст джерелаRadtke, Guillaume Esnouf Claude. "Approche expérimentale et simulation des structures fines en spectroscopie de pertes d'énergie des électrons application au cas des A1xGa1-xN /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. Http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=radtke.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Tien Sy. "Extraction de structures fines sur des images texturées : application à la détection automatique de fissures sur des images de surface de chaussées." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592482.
Повний текст джерелаSikora, Thierry. "Etude de l'ordre local et de la structure électronique dans les alliages intermétalliques Ti-Al par spectrométries de structures fines XAS et EELS." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2255.
Повний текст джерелаAIFA, YOUCEF. "Simulation et origines des structures fines apparaissant avant le seuil k d'absorption des rayons x dans des oxydes de titane et de vanadium." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112385.
Повний текст джерелаJEANNE-ROSE, VALERIE. "Contribution a l'etude theorique des structures fines d'absorption x aux seuils k des elements de transition de la premiere serie : oxydes de titane et de vanadium." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112174.
Повний текст джерелаTahghighi, Mohammad. "Fabricating ultrasensitive metal nano-structures with Langmuir-Blodgett technique to improve plasmonic response of SERS." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673304.
Повний текст джерелаEl procés d’autoassemblatge de nanopartícules és una estratègia versàtil i coherent per al desenvolupament de materials nanoestructurats funcionals, que ofereix mètodes de baix cost i escalables que es poden ajustar per a diferents aplicacions específiques. Les nanopartícules funcionalitzades es podrien estendre a la interfície de líquid / gas mitjançant un fenomen d’autoassemblatge. En aquest treball, demostrem una via per a la fabricació de xarxes quasi bidimensionals adaptables de nanopartícules d’or amb diverses mides i formes de nucli (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 nm i nano-eriçó) que s’utilitzaran per a la detecció de biomolècules en dispersió Raman de superfície millorada (SERS). En estendre nanopartícules d’or a la interfície aigua / aire en aquesta investigació, hem utilitzat la tècnica Langmuir-Blodgett com una manera de fer un assemblatge de nanoestructures en pel·lícules ultrafines amb una estructura espacial i de capes controlades, que tenen moltes aplicacions tecnològiques potencials en diverses branques de la ciència, com ara substrats SERS. Les monocapes de partícules d'or es transfereixen, a una densitat lateral determinada, sobre substrats de vidre o sílice mitjançant la tècnica LB. Una vegada que les nanopartícules d'or s’han adherit fermament al substrat, vam utilitzar un mètode d’electrodeposició d’or sense electròlisi per fer créixer le nanopartícules, ajustant així la resposta plasmònica i la millora del SERS. En comparació amb la deposició directa, la deposició química o els mètodes litogràfics, el nostre protocol permet obtenir resultats consistents i una cobertura molt més gran de nanopartícules d’or gràcies al control actiu de la pressió superficial de la monocapa estesa sobre la interfície aigua/aire. Els substrats preparats es van analitzar amb diferents tècniques com l'espectroscòpia UV / VIS, microscòpia SEM i TEM. Hem demostrat que, per a una mida de partícula determinada, la millora per a la detecció SERS d’un analit referent, 4-MBA, es pot ajustar controlant la densitat d’empaquetament de les nanopartícules a la interfície aigua / aire ajustant la pressió superficial mitjançant la balança de pel·lícules de Langmuir. L’altre factor que afecta els senyals SERS és el gruix de la capa d’or dipositada posteriorment mitjançant una tècnica no-electrolítica. Després de trobar els paràmetres òptims de pressió superficial i temps d’electrodeposició per a nanopartícules d’or de 10 nm, vam entrar a la segona fase de l’estudi per descobrir l’efecte de la mida de les nanopartícules d’or en el nostre sistema. Tot i que les dades SERS de nanopartícules de diferent mida no van indicar que les partícules més grans donessin millors senyals SERS, les nanopartícules d'or en forma d’eriçó han mostrat senyals més intensos en comparació amb les nanopartícules esfèriques. En les mateixes condicions de preparació, vam obtenir un millor resultat mitjançant l’ús de nanopartícules de forma d’eriçó. Per tal de provar l’eficiència del nostre substrat per detectar més substàncies, en el darrer pas d’aquesta investigació vam investigar i realitzar proves emprant Thiram i Carbaryl com a molècules contaminants de l’aigua que s’utilitzen àmpliament com a compostos pesticides. Hem realitzat diverses mesures de SERS amb substrats diferents i hem estudiat l’efecte de a) la forma de les nanopartícules d’or, b) el temps de contacte entre el substrat i la solució contaminant, c) la funcionalització del substrat amb grups tiol i d) l’efecte de la concentració de solució contaminant en els senyals SERS. Finalment, informem del límit de detecció d’aquests contaminants amb els nostres substrats nanoestructurats.
Mehadji, Chérifa. "Développement de la méthode MS-LSD vers le calcul de la structure électronique de molécules ellipsoïdales et des structures fines d'absorption de rayons X près du seuil." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10137.
Повний текст джерелаRibal, Christophe. "Anisotropic neighborhoods of superpixels for thin structure segmentation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG117.
Повний текст джерелаIn the field of computer vision, image segmentation aims at decomposing an image into homogeneous regions. While usually an image is composed of a regular lattice of pixels, this manuscript proposes through the term of site a generic approach able to consider either pixels or superpixels. Robustness to noise in this challenging inverse problem is achieved by formulating the labels as a Markov Random Field, and finding an optimal segmentation under the prior that labels should be homogeneous inside the neighborhood of a site. However, this regularization of the solution introduces unwanted artifacts, such as the early loss of thin structures, defined as structures whose size is small in at least one dimension. Anisotropic neighborhood construction fitted to thin structures allows us to tackle the mentioned artifacts. Firstly, the orientations of the structures in the image are estimated from any of the three presented options: The minimization of an energy, Tensor Voting, and RORPO. Secondly, four methods for constructing the actual neighborhood from the orientation maps are proposed: Shape-based neighborhood, computed from the relative positioning of the sites, dictionary-based neighborhood, derived from the discretization to a finite number of configurations of neighbors for each site, and two path-based neighborhoods, namely target-based neighborhood with fixed extremities, and cardinal-based neighborhood with fixed path lengths. Finally, the results provided by the Maximum A Posteriori criterion (computed with graph cuts optimization) with these anisotropic neighborhoods are compared against isotropic ones on two applications: Thin structure detection and depth reconstruction in Shape From Focus. The different combinations of guidance map estimations and neighborhood constructions are illustrated and evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively in order to exhibit the benefits of the proposed approaches
Ben, Kahla Haithem. "Sur des méthodes préservant les structures d'une classe de matrices structurées." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0463/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe classical linear algebra methods, for calculating eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix, or lower-rank approximations of a solution, etc....do not consider the structures of matrices. Such structures are usually destroyed in the numerical process. Alternative structure-preserving methods are the subject of an important interest mattering to the community. This thesis establishes a contribution in this field. The SR decomposition is usually implemented via the symplectic Gram-Schmidt algorithm. As in the classical case, a loss of orthogonality can occur. To remedy this, we have proposed two algorithms RSGSi and RMSGSi, where the reorthogonalization of a current set of vectors against the previously computed set is performed twice. The loss of J-orthogonality has significantly improved. A direct rounding error analysis of symplectic Gram-Schmidt algorithm is very hard to accomplish. We managed to get around this difficulty and give the error bounds on the loss of the J-orthogonality and on the factorization. Another way to implement the SR decomposition is based on symplectic Householder transformations. An optimal choice of free parameters provided an optimal version of the algorithm SROSH. However, the latter may be subject to numerical instability. We have proposed a new modified version SRMSH, which has the advantage of being numerically more stable. By a detailes study, we are led to two new variants numerically more stables : SRMSH and SRMSH2. In order to build a SR algorithm of complexity O(n³), where 2n is the size of the matrix, a reduction to the condensed matrix form (upper J-Hessenberg form) via adequate similarities is crucial. This reduction may be handled via the algorithm JHESS. We have shown that it is possible to perform a reduction of a general matrix, to an upper J-Hessenberg form, based only on the use of symplectic Householder transformations. The new algorithm, which will be called JHSH algorithm, is based on an adaptation of SRSH algorithm. We are led to two news variants algorithms JHMSH and JHMSH2 which are significantly more stable numerically. We found that these algortihms behave quite similarly to JHESS algorithm. The main drawback of all these algorithms (JHESS, JHMSH, JHMSH2) is that they may encounter fatal breakdowns or may suffer from a severe form of near-breakdowns, causing a brutal stop of the computations, the algorithm breaks down, or leading to a serious numerical instability. This phenomenon has no equivalent in the Euclidean case. We sketch out a very efficient strategy for curing fatal breakdowns and treating near breakdowns. Thus, the new algorithms incorporating this modification will be referred to as MJHESS, MJHSH, JHM²SH and JHM²SH2. These strategies were then incorporated into the implicit version of the SR algorithm to overcome the difficulties encountered by the fatal breakdown or near-breakdown. We recall that without these strategies, the SR algorithms breaks. Finally ans in another framework of structured matrices, we presented a robust algorithm via FFT and a Hankel matrix, based on computing approximate greatest common divisors (GCD) of polynomials, for solving the problem pf blind image deconvolution. Specifically, we designe a specialized algorithm for computing the GCD of bivariate polynomials. The new algorithm is based on the fast GCD algorithm for univariate polynomials , of quadratic complexity O(n²) flops. The complexitiy of our algorithm is O(n²log(n)) where the size of blurred images is n x n. The experimental results with synthetically burred images are included to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach
Pérard-Lecomte, Aude. "Caractérisation de la dispersion des polluants particulaires dans le sillage des poids lourds en milieu urbain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0207.
Повний текст джерелаRoad transportation is a major contributor to air quality pollution in urban areas, particularly in fine and ultrafine particles. These pollutants are harmful to human health, as they can worsen or cause lung and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, we are interested in the evolution of particles emitted from heavy truck exhausts, starting from their emission. The main objective of this thesis is to study the extent of particle dispersion emitted by heavy truck's exhausts, around and in the wake of heavy trucks. Numerical methods based on an Euler-Lagrange approach were used to simulate and characterize the airflow topology around the truck, using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method for the fluid phase and a Lagrangian approach for the dispersed phase. These simulations were supported by wind tunnel measurements in the wake of a reduced-scale model of a heavy truck. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used for analyzing the air velocity fields, while the dispersion of ultrafine solid particles was characterized by measuring concentration fields using a granulometer. The truck's wake flow is completely detached at the rear of the trailer, revealing a recirculation zone mainly composed of a large vortex, coming from the under-trailer. Particles' dynamics appears to be dominated by turbulence and strongly correlated with vortical structures, especially in the wake of the truck. Indeed, particles tend to concentrate preferentially on the periphery of the main vortex formed behind the truck, as well as in areas of low turbulent intensity. The movement of most inertial particles (diameter > 2.5~mu m) is dominated by gravity, while turbulence is mainly responsible for the movement and deposition of the finest particles (diameter < 2.5~mu m). The position and orientation of the exhaust pipe also have a significant influence on the extent of dispersion and the distribution of particles in the underbody and in the wake of the heavy truck. Indeed, when particles are emitted from the under-trailer, most of them are concentrated in the recirculation zone, less than 1.85H away from the trailer (H being the height of the trailer), and at human height. On the other hand, the particles emitted on the top of the truck are very rarely re-entrained in the recirculation zone, and are mostly concentrated above it, at a height equivalent to 2.6~m (0,9H) above ground level. The exposure of populations to the particles emitted by heavy goods vehicles could therefore be sharply limited when the exhausts are released from top of the truck
Leclere, Cédric. "Spectroscopies X et diffraction anomale de boîtes quantiques GaN et d'hétéro-structure III-N : inter-diffusion et ordre à courte distance." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072456.
Повний текст джерелаDebroux, Noémie. "Mathematical modelling of image processing problems : theoretical studies and applications to joint registration and segmentation." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR02/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we study and jointly address several important image processing problems including registration that aims at aligning images through a deformation, image segmentation whose goal consists in finding the edges delineating the objects inside an image, and image decomposition closely related to image denoising, and attempting to partition an image into a smoother version of it named cartoon and its complementary oscillatory part called texture, with both local and nonlocal variational approaches. The first proposed model addresses the topology-preserving segmentation-guided registration problem in a variational framework. A second joint segmentation and registration model is introduced, theoretically and numerically studied, then tested on various numerical simulations. The last model presented in this work tries to answer a more specific need expressed by the CEREMA (Centre of analysis and expertise on risks, environment, mobility and planning), namely automatic crack recovery detection on bituminous surface images. Due to the image complexity, a joint fine structure decomposition and segmentation model is proposed to deal with this problem. It is then theoretically and numerically justified and validated on the provided images
Mieszczynski, Cyprian. "Atomic scale structural modifications in irradiated nuclear fuels." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057120.
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