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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Naz, Samina, Bushra Tasneem, Hassaan Hanif Khan, Asma Kafeel, Muhammad Abid Owais, and Aisha Tasneem. "Bowel Preparations for Colonoscopy: Current Medical Practices in Pakistani Hospital Settings." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 585–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167585.

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Aim: To evaluate the quality of bowel preparations concerning the Boston Bowel Preparation Score (BBPS) and to analyze the administration, ease, palatability, and side effects of practices. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: this study was conducted in Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro from October 2021 to March 2022 Methodology: The present study incorporated 132 patients who visited the hospital for a colonoscopy. Patients above 18 years of age were included, whereas patients with surgical procedures were excluded from the study. Participants were evaluated through pre-designed proforma for demography, dietary recommendations, side effects, procedure indications, bowel preparations, and patient ease of the bowel preparations. BBPS was used to access the bowel preparation. A score ≥ 5 was regarded as satisfactory. Results: Out of 132 patients, 73 (55.3%) were males. Seventy-one (53.8%) patients received Polyethylene glycol-based bowl preparation, and sixty-one (46.2%) patients received sodium phosphate-based preparation. Chronic constipation was the most typical cause of colonoscopy. Common side effects were vomiting (12.1%), nausea (1.5%), and bloating (3%). More than half of them responded that the preparations were palatable. A satisfaction rate of 80.3% was observed in patients with both preparations. BBPS of above five was observed in 109 (82.6%) patients. Conclusion: Polyethylene glycol and sodium phosphate preparations have been widely used in clinical practices for cleansing the colon. Sodium phosphate-based preparation was found more effective. Keywords: Bowel cleansing agents, Colonoscopy, Endoscopy, Polyethylene Glycol, Sodium phosphate.

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2

West, Estella, Cathi Lamp, Amy Block Joy, Suzanne Murphy, Mark Hudes, Sybille Bunch, and Joan Wright. "Food preparation practices influence nutrition." California Agriculture 53, no. 1 (January 1999): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v053n01p29.

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3

Barnhill, Gena P., Bianca Sumutka, Edward A. Polloway, and Eunjoo Lee. "Personnel Preparation Practices in ASD." Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities 29, no. 1 (February 14, 2013): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088357612475294.

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4

Meyer, Fritz, Rebekka Preuß, Aniela Angelow, Jean-François Chenot, Elisabeth Meyer, and Simone Kiel. "Cerumen Impaction Removal in General Practices: A Comparison of Approved Standard Products." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272097382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720973829.

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Background Ear irrigation is a commonly used method for removing earwax in general practice. There is no firm evidence if no pre-treatment is as good as pre-treatment with various standard preparations. Aim To assess the effectiveness of no pre-treatment compared to pre-treatment with commercially available cerumenolytics and to assess which preparation is best suited for pre-treatment. Methods This is a pragmatic observational study of patients with cerumen treated from a single GP with 3 different preparations or no preparation prior to standardized ear irrigation. Generalized linear mixed models with logit link function were performed to assess the effectiveness of pre-treatment with different preparations and no pre-treatment. The models were adjusted for age group (<70, ≥70) and sex. Results A total of 168 patients (298 ears, 58 % female, median age 65 years) consulted for obstructive cerumen, some of them several times. The cerumen was successfully removed in 70% (208/298). Comparing any preparation to no preparation (aggregated comparison), the odds ratio for complete clearance was 1.35 (95%confidence interval: 0.69-2.65). Comparing the preparations individually, the odds ratio of the docusate-sodium-based preparation was 1.87 (95% CI: 0.79-4.42) indicating a higher effectiveness. Although, not statistically significant. Ear irrigation was less successful for patients aged ≥ 70 years (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23-0.98). Conclusions The aggregated comparison indicates a slight trend toward a higher effectiveness of any pre-treatment compared to no pre-treatment. The effect-size of docusate-sodium-based pre-treatment indicates a higher effectiveness of cerumen impaction removal. Nevertheless, superiority could not be shown conclusively according to the statistical significance given the restricted sample size.

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5

Popham, W. James. "Appropriateness of Teachers' Test-Preparation Practices." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 10, no. 4 (December 1991): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3992.1991.tb00211.x.

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6

Painchart, Lucie, Marie Palamini, Pascal Odou, and Jean-François Bussières. "Profile of Centralization Practices for Preparation of Non-Hazardous Drugs in Quebec Hospitals." Pharmaceutical Technology in Hospital Pharmacy 4, no. 2 (August 27, 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pthp-2019-0016.

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Abstract Background The preparation of many drugs intended for parenteral administration is centralized in the pharmacy of healthcare institutions. However, no data are available describing the range of drugs with centralized preparation. The objective was to establish a profile of centralization practices for the preparation of non-hazardous drug doses in the pharmacy departments of Quebec healthcare institutions. Methods For this cross-sectional descriptive study, an e-mail survey was distributed in March 2017 to the directors of the pharmacy departments of Quebec healthcare institutions. Respondents were asked to estimate the percentage of parenteral drug doses that were prepared centrally in the pharmacy, the name of each drug prepared this way, the criteria used to select drugs for central preparation, and the barriers to centralizing preparation of drug doses. Only descriptive statistical analyses were performed. Results Of the 30 directors of pharmacy departments invited to participate, 27 (90 %) responded, representing a total of 40 Quebec healthcare facilities. Overall, 232 individual drugs were centrally prepared in one or more of these facilities, for an overall median of 22 drugs per facility (min: 1, max: 101). Conclusions This is the first survey in Quebec and indeed all of Canada to identify the many medications that are centrally prepared in hospital pharmacies. The survey showed that the selection of drugs for central preparation differed widely across facilities. It would be desirable for pharmacy departments in this province to collaborate on standardizing practices for central preparations.

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7

Bruder, Mary Beth, and Carl J. Dunst. "Personnel Preparation in Recommended Early Intervention Practices." Topics in Early Childhood Special Education 25, no. 1 (January 2005): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02711214050250010301.

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8

Petrie, Edward M. "Passive cleaning practices for improved surface preparation." Metal Finishing 105, no. 5 (May 2007): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(07)80555-1.

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9

Hanson, Laura C., Anna P. Schenck, Franziska S. Rokoske, Amy P. Abernethy, Jean S. Kutner, Carol Spence, and Judi Lund Person. "Hospices' Preparation and Practices for Quality Measurement." Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 39, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2009.09.003.

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10

Mandell, Colleen J., and Mary M. Murray. "Innovative Family-Centered Practices in Personnel Preparation." Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children 28, no. 1 (January 2005): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088840640502800108.

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11

Lai, Emily R., and Kris Waltman. "Test Preparation: Examining Teacher Perceptions and Practices." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 27, no. 2 (May 20, 2008): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3992.2008.00120.x.

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12

Boginskaya, Zoya, and Tatyana Gladkova. "Accounting Reliability Concept: Audit Practices." Auditor 7, no. 10 (November 3, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0701-2021-7-10-33-39.

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Practical aspects of applicable concepts for the preparation of reliable financial statements are analyzed, in particular, an overview and analysis of typical errors encountered in the practice of auditing accounting statements. Theoretical aspects of qualification and interpretation of errors in relation to changes of relevant documents regulating audit are considered; a list of typical errors made during the preparation of financial statements for 2018-2020 is indicated; the actions of the auditor in relation to the identified errors are formulated; analysis of the impact of errors on the auditor’s opinion on the reliability of accounting statements in audit reports.

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13

Maharjan, Shailesh, Amit Thapa, Bikram Shakya, and Bidur KC. "Is Pre-operative Clipping of Scalp Hair Necessary for Craniotomies?" Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 16, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v16i3.27337.

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Pre-operative clipping of scalp hair has-been practiced before craniotomies to decrease surgical site infections. In developing countries like ours, due to poor hygiene this may look genuine. However, with regular pre-operative part preparation practices we have tried avoiding clipping of hair in routine craniotomies. This study retrospectively studied patients undergoing craniotomies during the last four years at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital and compared two groups of patients; pre-operative part preparation practices group who did not have pre-operative hair clipped and the other group who had pre-operative hair clipped. Only patients who could be studied for over two weeks were included in the study. Patients with pre-existing scalp injuries were excluded. Endpoints studied were post-operative surgical site infections and need for debridement and re-suturing. Of the total 726 patients studied, 246underwent craniotomies with pre-operative part preparation practices and 480 had their hair clipped. Of the pre-operative part preparation practices group, three had surgical site infections compared to eight who had their hair clipped (p=0.641). The infection led to debridement and re-suturing in two patients of pre-operative part preparation practices and four in hair clipped group (p=0.946). These two groups were comparable for age (p=0.210), however, there was statistically significant differences in gender (p=0.001), type of lesion (p=0.000), pneumocephalus (p=0.000), skull base fracture (p=0.000) and use of peri-operative antibiotics (p=0.000). However, all the above mentioned significant parameters did not have any statistical significant relation with surgical site infection {gender (p=0.255), type of lesion (p=0.264), pneumocephalus (p=0.787), skull base fracture(p=0.584) and use of peri-operative antibiotics(p=0.100)}.Pre-operative clipping of hair does not avoid surgical site infections. Protocol based part preparation practices of scalp and post-operative head hygiene are important to avoid the surgical site infections.

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14

de Oliveira Machado, Vagner, Ângela Leão Andrade, José Domingos Fabris, Erico Tadeu Fraga Freitas, José Maria da Fonte Ferreira, Alice Simon, Rosana Zacarias Domingues, et al. "Preparation of hybrid nanocomposite particles for medical practices." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 624 (September 2021): 126706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126706.

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15

Gothman, J. A., J. K. Goodwin, and P. A. Anderson. "Meal planning and food preparation practices ofchildcare providers." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 101, no. 9 (September 2001): A—43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(01)80130-9.

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16

Deon, Barbara Cecconi, Laissa Benites Medeiros, Ana Lúcia de Freitas Saccol, Luisa Helena Hecktheuer, Silvana Saccol, and Maritiele Naissinger. "Good food preparation practices in households: A review." Trends in Food Science & Technology 39, no. 1 (September 2014): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2014.06.008.

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17

Cochrane, Pauline A. "Standard practices in the preparation of bibliographic records." Information Processing & Management 26, no. 1 (January 1990): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(90)90017-v.

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18

Bongoni, Radhika, Ruud Verkerk, Matthijs Dekker, and Bea Steenbekkers. "Evaluation of research methods to study domestic food preparation." British Food Journal 117, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2013-0273.

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Purpose – Domestic preparation practices influence the sensory properties and nutritional composition of food products. Information on the variability in actual domestic preparation practices is needed to assess the influence of applied conditions on the sensory and nutritional quality of food. The collection of such information requires a reliable, valid and practical research method. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Direct in-home observations, observations in a model-kitchen using cameras, and a self-reporting questionnaire were evaluated for reliability and validity, to study domestic food preparation practices by consumers. Broccoli preparation practices by Dutch consumers were checked by these three methods in this research paper. Findings – All three research methods were found to be test-retest, inter-observer, parallel-form reliable; and face, content and concurrent valid. However, the self-reporting questionnaire is the most practical research method that can be administered on a large number of respondents in a short time to capture the wide variations in preparation practices. Originality/value – Consumers can be assisted on domestic food preparation practices that reach their sensory preferences (e.g. texture, colour) as well as have health benefits on consumption.

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19

Dunst, Carl, Deborah Hamby, Robin Howse, Helen Wilkie, and Kimberly Annas. "Metasynthesis of Preservice Professional Preparation and Teacher Education Research Studies." Education Sciences 9, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9010050.

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Results from a metasynthesis of the relationships between 14 different types of preservice teacher preparation practices and teaching quality, preschool to university student performance, and university student and beginning teacher belief appraisals are reported. Each type of preservice practice (e.g., course-based student learning) included different kinds of instructional methods (e.g., problem-based learning, inquiry-based learning, and project-based learning). The metasynthesis included 118 meta-analyses and 12 surveys of more than three million study participants. Findings clearly indicated that active university student and beginning teacher involvement in mastering the use of instructional practices and both knowledge and skill acquisition by far stood out as the most important preservice teacher preparation practices. These included extended student teaching experiences, simulated instructional practices and microteaching, faculty coaching and mentoring, clinical supervision, different types of cooperative learning practices, and course-based active student learning methods. The pattern of results helped identify high leverage and high impact teacher preparation practices. Implications for future research and improving teacher preparation are described.

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20

Bitay, Enikő, and Gyula Bagyinszki. "Educational Materials and Didactic Tools in Engineering Training Practices." Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 15, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2021.15.02.

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Abstract Educational materials are closely related to educational (didactic) tools, as they allow their preparation and presentation. The production of technical higher education (engineering training) materials or preparation can be approached from many perspectives. This article deals with some aspects of this.

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21

Rich, Darryl S., Matthew P. Fricker, Michael R. Cohen, and Stuart R. Levine. "Guidelines for the Safe Preparation of Sterile Compounds: Results of the ISMP Sterile Preparation Compounding Safety Summit of October 2011." Hospital Pharmacy 48, no. 4 (April 2013): 282–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4804-282.

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Significant patient safety incidents related to sterile drug compounding have occurred for many years. Previous guidelines have focused on ensuring sterility, but serious compounding errors have occurred as well. National efforts are needed to identify and reduce the potential for such errors and their causative factors. In response, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) convened in October 2011 a summit of 60 invited experts in the field for the purpose of establishing by consensus guidelines, safe practices, and standard operating procedures needed to ensure the safe preparation of compounded sterile preparations, especially intravenous admixtures. The resulting guidelines were categorized into 14 core processes: policies and procedures, order entry and verification, drug storage, assembling products and supplies, compounding, drug conservation during drug shortages, preparation of source/bulk containers, technology/automation used, IV workflow software, automated IV compounding devices, quality control/final verification, product labeling, record keeping, and staff management. They were also classified into 3 levels: mandatory, standard, and recommendation. The guidelines presented in this article were felt to be applicable to any health care organization that prepares sterile compounded products. The consensus of the group was that adherence to these guidelines will improve the safety of sterile product compounding and reduce harmful errors in patients receiving these products. Incorporation of these guidelines into sterile compounding practices of health care organizations is an important component of improving patient safety.

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Levina, Vera V. "Problems of Regional Participatory Budgeting Practices." Financial Journal 13, no. 4 (2021): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2021-4-110-121.

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This paper discusses the various aspects of participatory budgeting as a regional practice. Using Tula region as the example, the author analyzes the problems associated with the selection of projects, the involvement of residents in the process of preparing projects, and the organization of financing. The study has mainly used general scientific methods of systems-structural and structural-functional analysis as well as comparative research. It is established that the consolidation of the participants’ interests is a prerequisite for the preparation and selection of a larger number of participatory projects. Reasons for the prevalence of educational projects and the institutional mechanisms of their preparation are shown. In addition, the article addresses the role of the residents’ interest in the implementation of projects as an intermediate link between their awareness and involvement. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that involvement management and budget planning optimization have a multidirectional effect on the modernization of proactive budgeting mechanisms. As a result, significant amounts of subsidies from regional budgets have been found to have an ambiguous effect on the efficiency of involving residents in the processes of proactive budgeting. Recommendations for improving regional practices of participatory budgeting are formulated; these include control of the number of participants in the preparation of projects and voting, more attention to mechanisms for coordinating the interests of participants in proactive budgeting, and modernization of the mechanism for distributing subsidies. The article proposes the optimal balance of citizen involvement in participatory budgeting and co-financing of their initiatives from municipal and regional budgets.

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LH, Sumano. "Bioequivalence of a Preparation of Tulathromycin in Cattle." Bioequivalence & Bioavailability International Journal 6, no. 1 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/beba-16000158.

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Testing the quality of antibacterial pharmaceutical preparations that can be regarded as generic is of utmost importance to ensure sustainable medical practices. Hence, comparative pharmacokinetics studies become necessary. In this trial, a new pharmaceutical preparation of tulathromycin (TTM) was submitted to a bioequivalence test, taking the reference preparation of this macrolide derivative as control i.e., the commercial preparation of TTM containing 100 mg of the drug Pisadrax ® , manufactured by PiSA Agropacuaria S.A. de C.V. and the reference brand of TTM Draxxin ® (Zoetis, Mexico). Twenty-four young steers Charolais/Brahman randomly divided into two groups of twelve animals each, received a single injection of 2.5 mg/kg subcutaneously of either preparation. A validated HPLC-masses analytical technique of plasma concentrations of tulathromycin was used to determine TTM plasma concentrations at fixed intervals for 240 h. The key pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by compartmental and non-compartmental analysis. Results show that the experimental preparation of tulathromycin (Pisadrax ® ) can be regarded as bioequivalent to the reference one (Draxxin ® ) in steers, given that AUC0-240, MRT, and K½el values from both preparations resulted statistically indistinguishable and with confidence interval > 95%.

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Saizuddin, Md, and Md Shaidul Hasan. "Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices by Rural Mothers of Bangladesh." Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh 2, no. 1 (September 11, 2017): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jninb.v2i1.32958.

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Background: Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices play vital role for the growth & development in the early months of life. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine and to identify the patterns and influencing factors of feeding practices in infant and young children of 0-2 years old in Bangladesh. Methodology: A descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out to assess the pattern of infant & young child feeding practices by the rural mothers of Bangladesh with a sample size of 450 during the months of January to December of 2015.Result: Out of 450 children, 51.1% are female & 48.9% are male. The proportions of infants with early initiation of breastfeeding (13.6%) and exclusive breastfeeding fewer than six months (57.3%) and infants who received complementary feeding at the age of 68 months (55.7%) were low. It showed that 90.4% of mothers have knowledge on exclusive breast feeding but only 57.3% of them have practiced it for 4-6 months. It further revealed that only 8.4% of mothers & 13.6 % of fathers were illiterate. The main problems revealed from the study were late initiation of breastfeeding, low rates of exclusive breastfeeding, and inappropriate complementary feeding practices. It further revealed that 69.3% of the respondents had two or less children and 30.7% had three or more children.Conclusion: Majority of the respondents have the knowledge on complementary feeding, knowledge on preparation of complementary feeding, knowledge on preparation of food by grains, knowledge on preparation of food by milk and milk products and knowledge on preparation of food by meat, fish, poultry, liver.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(1):19-25

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JAY, L. STEPHEN, DERIO COMAR, and LACHLAN D. GOVENLOCK. "A Video Study of Australian Domestic Food-Handling Practices." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 1285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.11.1285.

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Poor food-handling and hygiene practices in domestic kitchens are thought to be the cause of a significant amount of foodborne illness. Food-handling practices were studied by video observation in 40 home kitchens in Melbourne, Australia. Participant households included those of single people, couples, and families from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds. The kitchens were continuously video monitored for 1 or 2 weeks during 1997 and 1998. Infrequent hand washing; poor hand-washing technique; lack of hand washing prior to food preparation; inadequate cleaning of kitchen surfaces; involvement of pets in the kitchen; touching of the face, mouth, nose, and/or hair during food preparation; and lack of separate hand and dish towels were the most common unhygienic practices observed. Prior to video surveillance, participant households answered a food-safety questionnaire that related to preparation and handling of food. These answers were contrasted with the actual practices observed in each household. There was a significant variance between stated (answers provided in response to the questionnaire) and observed (via video monitoring) food-handling and hygiene practices. The results of this study raise concerns about consumer food-handling and hygiene practices in Australian domestic kitchens. A continuous and increased effort in the education of the public in the area of hygienic food preparation is indicated.

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Davis, Janet H., and Mary R. Morrow. "Professional Preparation: Faculty Practices for NCLEX-RN® Success." Nursing Science Quarterly 34, no. 4 (September 18, 2021): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08943184211031581.

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Davis proposed that there are three overlapping phases of a caring relationship to NCLEX-RN® preparation, grounded in Peplau’s theory. Faculty members’ perspectives on successful strategies related to NCLEX-RN® results were explored using semistructured phone interviews. Faculty perspectives were categorized under external support structures and internal collaborative processes. The results indicate that a multifaceted collaborative approach using commercial testing products and program evaluation is the best approach.

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Brown, Steve, and Paul Vondráček. "Implementing time-based manufacturing practices in pharmaceutical preparation manufacturers." Production Planning & Control 24, no. 1 (August 11, 2011): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2011.598267.

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Conderman, Greg, Antonis Katsiyannis, and David Franks. "Program Assessment Practices in Special Education Teacher Preparation Programs." Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth 45, no. 4 (January 2001): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10459880109603335.

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Doolittle, Gini, and Bruce Barnett. "Guest Editors’ Introduction: Innovative Practices in Educational Leadership Preparation." Journal of School Leadership 13, no. 6 (November 2003): 616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268460301300601.

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Vaughn, Margaret, and Candace R. Kuby. "Fostering Critical, Relational Visionaries: Autoethnographic Practices in Teacher Preparation." Action in Teacher Education 41, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2018.1561548.

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Cizek, Gregory J., Shawn M. Fitzgerald, and Robert A. Rachor. "Teachers' Assessment Practices: Preparation, Isolation, and the Kitchen Sink." Educational Assessment 3, no. 2 (April 1995): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326977ea0302_3.

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Rikard, G. Linda, and Mary Lou Veal. "Cooperating Teachers: Insight into Their Preparation, Beliefs, and Practices." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 15, no. 3 (April 1996): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.15.3.279.

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Twenty-three physical education cooperating teachers were interviewed in order to examine their preparation for becoming supervisors and their supervisory beliefs and practices. Most cooperating teachers had no formal preparation for their supervisory roles and shared no common technical language. Instead, they applied Lortie’s (1975) apprenticeship of observation by acquiring supervisory knowledge and images of supervision primarily from memories of their own student teaching supervision and their experiences as teachers. These cooperating teachers assumed one of three supervisory styles with student teachers: (a) “do it your way,” (b) “do it my way,” and (c) “we’ll do it together.” The feedback ranged from very little feedback to providing both positive and negative feedback to student teachers. This study indicates an urgent need to establish a model of systematic, data-based supervision for all cooperating teacher. Suggestions for changes in physical education supervision are included.

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Dimond, Bridgit. "Disposal and preparation of the body: different religious practices." British Journal of Nursing 13, no. 9 (May 2004): 547–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2004.13.9.12969.

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Rocha, C., A. P. Moura, and L. M. Cunha. "Consumers’ associations with herbal infusions and home preparation practices." Food Quality and Preference 86 (December 2020): 104006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.104006.

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Oermann, Marilyn H. "Approaches to Gathering Evidence for Educational Practices in Nursing." Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing 38, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20071101-05.

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Hoyle, Jared A., Gerald M. Henry, Travis Williams, Aaron Holbrook, Tyler Cooper, Leslie L. Beck, and Andrew J. Hephner. "Best Management Practices for the Conversion of Established Bermudagrass to Buffalograss." HortScience 48, no. 2 (February 2013): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.2.233.

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Growing concern over the sufficiency and variability of present water supplies in the arid Southwest has led to the examination of buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] for water conservation. Increasing acceptance of buffalograss will require investigation into conversion techniques for its establishment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of seedbed preparation and seeding rate on the establishment of buffalograss after bermudagrass desiccation with glyphosate. Research was conducted at the Texas Tech Quaker Research farm in 2009 and 2010 on a mature ‘Riviera’ common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] rough. Bermudagrass was sprayed with glyphosate at 1.1 kg acid equivalent (ae)/ha 5 and 1 weeks before seedbed preparation. Plots were scalped after desiccation. Treatments were arranged in a two × four factorial, randomized complete block design with four replications. two buffalograss seeding rates and four seedbed preparation treatments. Seedbed preparation treatments consisted of no seedbed preparation, topdressing alone (0.6-cm layer), hollow-tine aerification + topdressing, or verticutting + topdressing. ‘TopGun’ buffalograss was planted on 1 June 2009 and 4 June 2010 at 146 or 195 kg·ha−1. Grid counts were conducted to determine buffalograss cover one, two, and three months after planting (MAP). Counts were then converted to percent cover (0% to 100%). Greater buffalograss cover was observed when seed was applied at the higher rate (196 kg·ha−1) except within treatments that did not receive seedbed preparation treatment. No seedbed preparation resulted in unacceptable buffalograss cover. Percent buffalograss cover three MAP was 75%, 83%, and 86% for topdressing alone, aerification + topdressing, and verticutting + topdressing treatments seeded at 195 kg·ha−1, respectively.

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Wedajo Lemi, Bikila. "Microbiology of Ethiopian Traditionally Fermented Beverages and Condiments." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (February 14, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1478536.

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Globally, fermented beverage and condiments are made by using different conventional practices, raw materials, and microorganisms. This paper presents the available literature review on the technology and microbiology of traditional Ethiopian beverages and condiment products. Traditional fermented beverage and condiment products have essential vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and antioxidants that are all enhanced through the process of traditional fermentation practices. In Ethiopia, fermented beverage and condiment products have practiced in a long history. During the production of traditional fermented beverage and condiment products, controlled natural fermentation process with the absence of starter cultures are used to initiate it. Moreover, the preparation of many traditionally fermented beverage and condiment products is still practiced in a household art, thereby a wide variety of fermented beverages and condiments are consumed in Ethiopia. In conclusion, the review discusses the nature of the beverage and condiment preparation, poor traditional household processing, and the extent and limitation of scientific work done so far and suggests some recommendations to limit the problem in Ethiopia.

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Windschitl, Mark, Jessica Thompson, Melissa Braaten, and David Stroupe. "Sharing a Vision, Sharing Practices: How Communities of Educators Improve Teaching." Remedial and Special Education 40, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932518810796.

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In this article, we summarize more than a decade of work on high-leverage practices being used in the context of science teacher preparation. We describe the challenges and insights that ultimately resulted in more robust practices, a diversified suite of tools to support these practices, expanded knowledge of our own teacher education pedagogies, and stronger bonds between our preparation program and its local network of K-12 schools. The special education community has now formulated an ambitious practice-based vision for professional preparation, and advocates will find our narratives to be a mix of cautionary tales and cause for optimism.

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Kelly, Jerae, and Brenda Barrio. "Disability at the Intersections: Expanding Critical Disability Reflective Practices." Journal of Special Education Preparation 1, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/josep.1.2.6-15.

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The development of more culturally competent special education teachers is integral to striving for a more equitable education system for all students. However, the development of cultural competency around disability as diversity, especially from an intersectional lens, is often underrepresented in teacher preparation programs. As a result, if it is included at all, it is often at the discretion of individual teachers willing to incorporate such content into their teacher preparation classes. For teacher educators who are searching for ways to infuse disability as diversity content into their coursework, critical disability studies provides a framework for implementation by supporting teacher candidate’s critical reflective practice. In adopting such a framework, teacher educators can better target the development of cultural competency in their special education teacher candidates. As such, the aim of the present article is to provide a method of instruction to support the development of critical reflective practices in special education teacher preparation programs.

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Barakat, Imane, Mohammed Elayachi, and Rekia Belahsen. "Social representations of dietary practices and their determinants in a Moroccan community." SHS Web of Conferences 119 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111902003.

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Food is a multidimensional science that has appeal among other social representations of food practices. This study aimed to characterize and identify the determinants of eating practices according to the social representations of a population in the Rabat-Salé-Kenitra (RSK) region of Morocco. Data concerning socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. The social representations of dietary practices were obtained by characterizing three dietary practices. The main results showed that the high proportion of the study population is over 34 years old, is female, is married, and resides in the urban area. The most characteristic of good dietary practices chosen by the majority of the population was palatability, the factor chosen as the least characteristic of good dietary practices was traditional preparations. Among the studied factors, age, gender, higher level of education, professional occupation, "married" marital status, and involvement in purchasing and food preparation within the household are the determinants of certain representations.

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Ozoliņš, Pēteris. "Preparation and Facilitation of Retrospective Meeting in Scrum process." Information Technology and Management Science 21 (December 14, 2018): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/itms-2018-0009.

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Agile methods have become very popular in software development. They emphasise importance of collaboration and communication in successful product development. Scrum is one of the most popular agile methods and it involves a number of artefacts and practices. The retrospective is one of the practices. It is an activity that serves a purpose as a team meeting to improve development processes. It is a time-boxed event, which should be planned and facilitated in order to obtain the best outcome. The paper aims at identifying appropriate practices for organising and running successful retrospectives. The practices are identified in the paper along with their attributes and usage suggestions.

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Anderson, Erin, Kathleen M. Winn, Michelle D. Young, Cori Groth, Susan Korach, Diana Pounder, and Andrea K. Rorrer. "Examining University Leadership Preparation: An Analysis of Program Attributes and Practices." Journal of Research on Leadership Education 13, no. 4 (October 23, 2017): 375–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942775117735873.

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This study uses data from the Initiative for Systemic Program Improvement through Research in Educational Leadership ( INSPIRE) Preparation Program Features Survey to respond to national critiques of university-based principal preparation programs. The findings provide insight into the program content and relevancy, personnel, and content delivery of 97 principal preparation programs affiliated with the University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA). We found that UCEA institutions align their curriculum and assessment designs to national standards, actively engage in formalized partnerships with districts, engage their candidates in a variety of assessment practices for formative and summative purposes, and work to offer coursework that bridges classroom assignments to field-based experiences.

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Markelz, Andrew, Benjamin Riden, and Lawrence Maheady. "Systematic Identification, Implementation, and Evaluation of High-Leverage Practices in Teacher Preparation." Journal of Special Education Preparation 1, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/josep.1.1.4-15.

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An emphasis on practice-based teacher education has led the Council for Exceptional Children to develop 22 high-leverage practices (HLPs). Each HLP is research based, used frequently in classrooms, and applicable across age, grade, and content area. In this article, we discuss the importance of a systematic process for teacher preparation programs to consider when identifying, implementing, and evaluating HLPs. The extent and quality that HLPs are integrated within preparation programs will affect graduating teacher’s professional readiness and their ability to immediately affect student outcomes. It is our intent that this article supports teacher educators and scholars to continue the conversation around HLPs in teacher preparation. In addition, we encourage preparation programs to consider data-based decision making when identifying, implementing, and evaluating HLPs within program curricula.

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McIsaac, Jessie-Lee D., Cindy L. Shearer, Paul J. Veugelers, and Sara F. L. Kirk. "Moving Forward with School Nutrition Policies: A Case Study of Policy Adherence in Nova Scotia." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 76, no. 4 (December 2015): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2015-017.

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Many Canadian school jurisdictions have developed nutrition policies to promote health and improve the nutritional status of children, but research is needed to clarify adherence, guide practice-related decisions, and move policy action forward. The purpose of this research was to evaluate policy adherence with a review of online lunch menus of elementary schools in Nova Scotia (NS) while also providing transferable evidence for other jurisdictions. School menus in NS were scanned and a list of commonly offered items were categorized, according to minimum, moderate, or maximum nutrition categories in the NS policy. The results of the menu review showed variability in policy adherence that depended on food preparation practices by schools. Although further research is needed to clarify preparation practices, the previously reported challenges of healthy food preparations (e.g., cost, social norms) suggest that many schools in NS are likely not able to use these healthy preparations, signifying potential noncompliance to the policy. Leadership and partnerships are needed among researchers, policy makers, and nutrition practitioners to address the complexity of issues related to food marketing and social norms that influence school food environments to inspire a culture where healthy and nutritious food is available and accessible to children.

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BROWN, LAURA GREEN, SHIVANGI KHARGONEKAR, and LISA BUSHNELL. "Frequency of Inadequate Chicken Cross-Contamination Prevention and Cooking Practices in Restaurants†." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 12 (December 1, 2013): 2141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-129.

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This study was conducted by the Environmental Health Specialists Network (EHS-Net) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The purpose was to examine restaurant chicken preparation and cooking practices and kitchen managers' food safety knowledge concerning chicken. EHS-Net members interviewed managers about chicken preparation practices in 448 restaurants. The study revealed that many restaurants were not following U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Code guidance concerning cross-contamination prevention and proper cooking and that managers lacked basic food safety knowledge about chicken. Forty percent of managers said that they never, rarely, or only sometimes designated certain cutting boards for raw meat (including chicken). One-third of managers said that they did not wash and rinse surfaces before sanitizing them. Over half of managers said that thermometers were not used to determine the final cook temperature of chicken. Only 43% of managers knew the temperature to which raw chicken needed to be cooked for it to be safe to eat. These findings indicate that restaurant chicken preparation and cooking practices and manager food safety knowledge need improvement. Findings from this study could be used by food safety programs and the restaurant industry to target training and intervention efforts to improve chicken preparation and cooking practices and knowledge concerning safe chicken preparation.

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Dee, Amy Lynn, and Yune Tran. "Intentional Mergers: Invitational Educational practices and high-stakes expectations." Journal of Invitational Theory and Practice 26 (October 29, 2021): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/jitp.v26i.3462.

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With the addition of the Educative Teacher Performance Assessment (edTPA) as a high-stakes, consequential standardized examination for teacher licensure, the practice of training new generations of educators using principles of Invitational Education (IE) Theory when making andragogic decisions arrives at an intersection. Teacher preparation programs preparing teacher candidates using methods and philosophies known to promote success in public school classrooms must now also support candidates’ development and submission of an edTPA portfolio. Documenting the utilization of IE theory, practices, and strategies the authors describe the impact upon an educator preparation process that institutes a program for success in an intentionally inviting manner.

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Brixner, Diana I., Gary M. Oderda, Nancy A. Nickman, Roy Beveridge, and James A. Jorgenson. "Documentation of Chemotherapy Infusion Preparation Costs in Academic- and Community-Based Oncology Practices." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 4, no. 3 (March 2006): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2006.0020.

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Significant changes in Medicare reimbursement for outpatient oncology services were proposed as part of the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003. The purpose of this study was to identify the “true cost” associated with drug-related handling for the preparation and delivery of chemotherapy doses to estimate the impact of changing reimbursement schema by Medicare. Two academic medical outpatient infusion centers and 2 community cancer centers provided data used to estimate all costs (excluding drug cost) associated with the preparation of chemotherapy doses. The data included both fixed costs (drug storage, space, equipment, and information resources) and variable costs (insurance management, inventory, waste management, pharmacy staff payroll, supplies, and shipping). The average cost for the preparation of chemotherapy doses across all sites was $34.27 (range, $32.08–$41.23). A time-and-motion study was also performed to determine what tasks were conducted by pharmacy staff and how much time was spent in the preparation of the top 15 chemotherapeutic drugs and regimens used in the 4 sites. Data from the 4 centers was projected to show that if 3,990,495 million chemotherapy infusions were administered to a national Medicare population in 2003, when multiplied by the average cost of preparation for infusions determined by the current study ($34.27), the estimated total annual cost to Medicare for chemotherapy preparation by pharmacists is $136,754,263.65. The pharmacists spent most of their days (90% or more) performing tasks directly related to the preparation of these agents. These data provide scientific support for the consideration of appropriate reimbursement for chemotherapy services provided by pharmacists to Medicare beneficiaries.

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KING-SEARS, MARGARET E., and CRAIG S. CUMMINGS. "Inclusive Practices of Classroom Teachers." Remedial and Special Education 17, no. 4 (July 1996): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193259601700404.

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MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF THE FREQUENCY AND LEVEL OF INCLUSIVE PRACTICES FOUND IN GENERAL EDUCATION CLASSROOMS ARE THE COMFORT, COMPETENCE, AND PROFICIENCY THAT EDUCATORS FEEL WHILE IMPLEMENTING NEW PROCEDURES. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO DESCRIBE PRACTICES THAT GENERAL EDUCATORS HAVE USED TO SUCCESSFULLY IMPLEMENT INCLUSION. A VISUAL ANALYSIS REPRESENTING EDUCATORS COMFORT LEVELS WITH SOME METHODS KNOWN TO BE EFFECTIVE FOR IMPLEMENTING INCLUSION IS DESCRIBED AS A MEANS OF TARGETING KEY AREAS IN WHICH EDUCATORS DESIRE PREPARATION AND SUPPORT. PROCEDURES FOR REPLICATING THESE METHODS ARE DESCRIBED, AND ACTIONS NECESSARY TO INCREASE EDUCATORS' EXPERTISE AND COMPETENCE WITH NEW METHODS—ESSENTIAL FOR SUCCESSFUL INCLUSION—ARE REPORTED.

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Al-Sakkaf, Ali. "Domestic food preparation practices: a review of the reasons for poor home hygiene practices: Fig. 1:." Health Promotion International 30, no. 3 (August 14, 2013): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dat051.

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Myers, Diane, George Sugai, Brandi Simonsen, and Jennifer Freeman. "Assessing Teachers’ Behavior Support Skills." Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children 40, no. 2 (March 23, 2017): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888406417700964.

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In this article, the authors provide an overview of empirically supported practices and techniques for monitoring and assessing teachers’ use of effective behavior support practices. They focus on how teacher preparation programs, administrators, and supervising teachers provide pre-service teachers with helpful feedback on their teaching performance. In addition, they describe a behaviorally based conceptual model for assessing teachers’ fluent and sustained use of empirically supported classroom behavior support practices and provide recommendations for enhancing the preparation of pre-service educators.

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