Дисертації з теми "Prenatal transmission"
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LATTARD, CHANTAL. "Transmission maternofoetale de la toxoplasmose : estimation du risque sur une cohorte de 248 femmes suivies en 1988 et 1989 en vue de preciser les indications du diagnostic ante-natal." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M185.
Повний текст джерелаRichter, André. "Essays on the Intergenerational Transmission of Disadvantage : The Role of Prenatal Health and Fertility." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-135563.
Повний текст джерелаAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.
Steiner, Kevin Lee. "Prenatal priming to malaria antigens increases susceptibility to HIV infection." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1321827400.
Повний текст джерелаPONCELIN, DE RAUCOURT YVES. "Transmission materno-foetale de la toxoplasmose : estimation du risque sur une cohorte de 550 femmes suivies entre 1988 et 1992 en vue de preciser les indications du diagnostic ante-natal." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M182.
Повний текст джерелаLowe, Germaine. "Prenatal maternal infection and synaptic transmission in the hippocampus: from single cells to neural networks." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104545.
Повний текст джерелаL'hippocampe est une des structures clés du cerveau dans les processus de mémorisation. Les altérations du fonctionnement de cette structure chez les patients schizophrènes pourraient expliquer en partie les troubles cognitifs associés à la maladie. Même si les causes exactes de la schizophrénie font encore l'objet de nombreux débats, plusieurs études ont pu mettre en évidence une augmentation de l'incidence de cette maladie chez les enfants des mères exposées à une infection bactérienne ou virale durant la grossesse. Afin de mieux comprendre les changements intervenant au sein des réseaux hippocampiques lors de la schizophrénie, nous avons utilisé un modèle d'infection prénatale chez le rongeur. Ce modèle animal, largement validé, a permis de caractériser les changements anatomiques survenant dans l'hippocampe. Cependant, soulignons qu'aucune étude n'a pour le moment étudié les altérations possibles de l'activité électrophysiologique, tant au niveau de la synapse que du réseau, occasionnées dans l'hippocampe par une infection prénatale. La caractérisation de ces altérations nous permettra par conséquent de mieux saisir d'une part les changements d'activité observés dans l'hippocampe suite à une infection prénatale et de cerner d'autre part leurs rôles possibles dans les troubles comportementaux communément décrits dans la schizophrénie.La première partie de notre étude porte ainsi sur les altérations de la transmission synaptique dans l'hippocampe de jeunes rats provenant de mères exposées à une infection bactérienne (en utilisant le lipopolysacharide ou LPS comme modèle d'infection) vers la fin de la grossesse, soit le quinzième et seizième jours de gestation chez le rat. Dans ce modèle d'infection prénatale, nous avons observé une diminution de la transmission excitatrice vers l'aire CA1 de l'hippocampe (altérations présynaptique) accompagnée d'une augmentation compensatoire au niveau postsynaptique. Ces changements semblent spécifiques à l'aire CA1 puisqu'ils ne sont pas présents dans l'aire CA3 ou le gyrus dentelé. Finalement, nous avons également mis en évidence une augmentation de l'excitabilité des cellules pyramidales de l'aire CA1.Ces résultats couplés aux nombreuses études mettant en évidence une perturbation de la transmission excitatrice et inhibitrice dans l'hippocampe suite à une infection prénatale, suggèrent que l'activité de réseau de l'hippocampe pourrait être altérée. Afin de tester cette hypothèse, nous avons étudié l'effet d'une infection prénatale au poly I:C sur l'activité oscillatoire de l'hippocampe et ce en utilisant une nouvelle approche expérimentale récemment développée au laboratoire, l'hippocampe intact isolé in vitro. Bien qu'aucune altération des rythmes thêta et gamma nà été observée, nous avons mis en évidence une plus grande sensibilité du rythme thêta aux récepteurs NMDA (N-methyl D-aspartate) exclusivement dans le subiculum. Dans cette region de l'hippocampe nous avons de plus observé une augmentation du couplage des oscillations gamma et theta. En conclusion, l'infection prénatale induit des changements neurodéveloppementaux qui affectent profondément la transmission synaptique et l'activité de réseau de façon précoce dans l'hippocampe. Ces changements, spécifiques au subiculum et à l'aire CA1, pourraient fortement compromettre le transfert d'information entre l'hippocampe et différentes structures corticales et sous-corticales et pourraient de ce fait contribuer aux déficits cognitifs observés dans la schizophrénie.
Bianda, Nkembi Lydie. "The Role of Prenatal Care and Systematic HIV Testing in Preventing Perinatal Transmission in Tanzania, 2011-2012." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3486.
Повний текст джерелаLeonard, Lynne. "Testing women as mothers : the policy and practice of prenatal HIV testing." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84280.
Повний текст джерелаWorking with pregnant women in Ontario, the province with the highest level of HIV infection among Canadian women, this thesis articulates and interprets their experiences of prenatal HIV counselling and testing and details their perspectives on best practices. The pregnant women's evidence-based recommendations for the re-design of prenatal HIV testing programmes are provided. These unique data have important utility for federal and provincial policy makers as HIV counselling and testing policies and programmes that encompass and are grounded in pregnant womens' experiences and perspectives are likely to be maximally acceptable and thereby increase the number of pregnant women who can be apprised of prophylactic treatment to take care of their own health needs as well as those of their unborn children.
In order for pregnant women to increase control over their own health and that of their unborn children, there is clear value in all pregnant women being afforded the opportunity to know their HIV status. However, the voices of the women in this study suggest that the autonomy rights of pregnant women may well be at risk in a programme in which the current emphasis is on potential HIV infection of the foetus rather than on potential or actual infection of the pregnant woman.
Lindberg, Ann. "Epidemiology and eradication of bovine viral diarrhoea virus infections : studies on transmission and prenatal diagnosis of persistent infection /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ruminant Medicine and Veterinary Epidemiology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för idisslarmedicin och epidemiologi], Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/v132.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLanthony, Mathilde. "Impact de traits de personnalité des truies gestantes sur le comportement des porcelets : exemple de la réaction à l’humain et de l’agressivité en contexte de stress social. Étude des interactions avec le renforcement positif de la relation humain-animal des porcelets." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARB359.
Повний текст джерелаMixing with conspecifics and interactions with humans are two of the major stress sources for pregnant sows. They may respond to it in different ways. This variability of response, if it is time stable, draws the concept of animal personality. Stress response and personality could have an impact on the offspring behaviour, as well as early positive experiences with human. This study thus first focused on the investigation of the individual response variability and stability to a social stressor, and its impact on the stress response. Social status can modulate the stressor impact ; we thus previously investigated the characteristics of the hierarchy inside our groups. Since the aggressiveness seemed to be a valuable indicator of the social stress response variability, we investigated its impact on piglets’ behaviour. Finally, we studied the effects of sows’ reaction to humans and their interactions with early positive human handling on piglets’ behaviour.We demonstrated that the hierarchy inside groups of sows is linear, steep and stable, which limited the impact of the social stress. The most aggressive sows were also the most dominant and least injured, but no effects of sows aggressiveness were described on their stress levels, neither on their piglets’ behaviour. Piglets born from fearful sows showed behavioural responses in various tests that could be directly or indirectly attributed to the fear of human. Positive experiences with humans improved human-piglets relation but didn’t erase the maternal effects. Piglets born from fearful sows had lower performances in a spatial memory task that could be attributed to a general anxious state. This study raises the importance of the breeding of sows in stable groups to lower the impact of a possible social stress thanks to the hierarchy. It also points out the importance of a good human-animal relation in sow breedings, not only for their own welfare but also for their piglets’
Mimouni, Nour El Houda. "Elevated prenatal anti-Müllerian hormone reprograms the fetus and induces polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adulthood." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUS051.
Повний текст джерелаPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the main cause of female infertility worldwide with high comorbidity and economic burden. It is mainly characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation and polycystic appearing ovaries. Moreover, most women with PCOS exhibit higher levels of circulating luteinizing hormone (LH), suggestive of heightened gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release. Additionally, PCOS patients also exhibit 2-3x higher levels of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) as compared to healthy controls.While the exact origin of PCOS is unknown, familiar clustering and twin studies of PCOS patients and their relatives suggest a strong heritable component in PCOS. However, the candidate genes identified account for only <10% of the estimated 70% heritability of PCOS, implying that it may originate during intrauterine development and that environmental factors, such as hormonal imbalances during fetal life, could be involved in the onset of PCOS.In this study, we first measured AMH levels in a cohort of pregnant women with PCOS and control women which revealed that AMH is significantly more elevated in the former group versus the latter, we then modelized our clinical findings by exposing pregnant mice to high concentration of AMH during a specific temporal window and showed that this fetal exposure leads to a cascade of alterations impacting the maternal brain, the ovaries, and the placenta, which consequently reprogram the fetal brain and induce the acquisition of the major PCOS cardinal neuroendocrine reproductive features, namely hyperandrogenism, elevation in LH pulse frequency and oligo-anovulation, and a persistent rise in the GnRH neuronal firing activity in adulthood. Moreover, our results show that the long-term consequences of a short exposure to elevated AMH levels during gestation expand beyond the first generation exposed and that PCOS-like manifestations seem to be transmitted across subsequent generations of females.Intrestingly, using a pharmacological approach, we demonstrate that tempering GnRH signaling pathway rescues the neuroendocrine phenotype of PCOS-like animals, restoring their normal hormonal levels, estrus cyclicity and ovarian morphology.Lastly, we sought to understand how early exposure to AMH excess would affect the neuroendocrine and reproductive features of the male offspring. Here, we demonstrate that prenatal AMH treatment profoundly impacts the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis function in males, which fail to engage the testosterone surge at birth observed in control newborns, leading to a feminization of sexually dimorphic circuitries of their brains, an increase in LH, a drastic decrease in testosterone levels, severe alterations in the testicular steroidogenesis and morphology as well as a higher risk of developing cryptorchidism in adulthood. Thus, it could be of clinical interest to relate findings from this study to the reproductive phenotype of sons of PCOS women, who are exposed during gestation but not systematically investigated in adulthood.Collectively, our results challenge the concept of PCOS originating in utero and appear to consolidate the role of AMH as a trigger of the pathogenesis, suggesting that an altered hormonal milieu during early life associated with PCOS may not only affect the female fetus but also the male fetus exposed and that these alterations could be transmitted across multiple generations.These findings point to PAMH mouse model as an excellent preclinical tool to investigate both neuroendocrine disturbances of PCOS and how developmental programming effects are transmitted, while offering a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of the disease
Fabio, Suzi Volpato. "Pré-natal do parceiro como estratégia para redução da transmissão vertical das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e melhora dos indicadores de saúde perinatal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-05012017-112640/.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of these study was to evaluate of the influence of the implementation of the project \"Male Partner in the Prenatal Care (MPPC)\" in Ribeirao Preto city on: 1) the rates of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis virus B and C (HBV, HCV), and Treponema pallidum (TP) among pregnant women; 2) the vertical transmission (VT) rates of HBV, HCV, HIV and TP; 3) the prenatal care quality indicators (number of visits, gestational age (GA) at the first visit, gestational outcome); 4) the perinatal indicators (birth weight, prematurity, Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes) and 5) the rates of infection with HIV, HBV, HCV and TP in partners that have joined the project. It is a cross-sectional study of group of the pregnant women (G) and born alive (BA) who had their partners participating MPPC project (called G1 and NV1) and the group of pregnant women and BA who have not had their partners participants (called G2 and NV2). The pregnant women groups and the male partners group were surveyed in the period from July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014 and the BA groups, between July 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. Were selected 5391 pregnant women (1781 of the G1 and 3610 of the G2), 1781 partners and 4044 BA (1376 of the NV1 and 2668 of the NV2). Used the Chi-square test of Pearson with a 5% significance level. The results showed statistically more favorable prognosis in the group where there was the partner\'s participation in prenatal care (G1 and NV1). The lower VT rate was found (0.7% in NV 1 and 1.5% in NV2 p= 0.04); earlier initiation of PN (up to 120 days of gestation 88.3% in G1 and 74.3% in G2 with p< 0.01); more than seven consultations in PNC (80.8% in G1 and 74.3% in G2 with p< 0.01); favorable pregnancy outcome (95.9% in G1 and 94.2% in G2 with p= 0.01); lower prematurity rates (10.3% in the NV1 and 12.9% in the NV2 with p= 0.01); lower incidence of low birth weight (8.7% in NV1 and 11.4% in NV2 with p< 0.01) and better Apgar scores at five minutes (2.5% Apgar <= 7 in NV1 and 3.8% in NV2 with p= 0.03). Considering these data it was concluded that the male partner\'s inclusion strategy in prenatal care was important in the identification and treatment of syphilis reducing significantly the VT rate of the TP. The partner\'s adherence to MPPC project was essential to the mother\'s adherence to PNC and it was also associated with significant improvement in perinatal health indicators.
Leopoldino, Maria Aparecida Andreza. "Fatores que interferem na transmissão materno-infantil do HIV em um hospital universitário do município de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148103.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Protocol Aids Clinical Trial Group (PACTG 076), published in 1994, demonstrated that the use of zidovudine (ZDV) had reduced the rate of mother-tochild transmission (MTCT) of HIV from 25% to 8.3%. Currently, a combined antiretroviral therapy (HAART) associated with a number of measures can reduce the rate of MTCT to less than 2%. Although the Ministry of Health recommends the adoption of these measures, the MTCT still remains above desired levels, especially in our center. According to a survey of Epidemiological Surveillance of Porto Alegre, in 2012 the rate of MTCT was 2.9%. Objective: To evaluate the factors that interfere with MTCT from HIV-positive women who gave birth in a University Hospital of Porto Alegre/RS. Method: A historical cohort study, with a sample 292 babies from HIV infected mother whose delivery occurred at Obstetric Center of the University Hospital of Porto Alegre/RS, at period of January 2010 till December 2014. Results: Of 292 babies of women HIV positive, 3.8% (n=11) were infected. Of those 90.9% (n=10) was born by cesarean section; 90.9% (n=10) had d37 weeks; 54.6% (n=6) received only ZDV syrup and 45.4% (n=5) received ZDV+nevirapine (NVP). Four pregnant women whose babies were infected, mother had syphilis during pregnancy (36.4%). Poor adherence to HAART (p<0.003), viral load d1000 copies/mL or ignored in the third trimester (p<0.001) and CD4 <500 cells/mm3 (p<0.046) in the third trimester were significantly associated with higher MTCT. Conclusion: We conclude that the presence of syphilis in pregnancy, viral load d1000 copies/mL or ignored in the third trimester, the CD4 <500 cells/mm³ in the third trimester, poor adherence to HAART were significant factors for MTCT.
Pedreira, Denise Araujo Lapa. "Rubéola na gestação: repercussões sobre o produto conceptual." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-21062007-155741/.
Повний текст джерелаOBJECTIVES: Our aim was to analyse rubella effects on the fetus, new-born and child. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed 35 patients with suspicious rubella during pregnancy. According to presence or absence of symptoms they were divided in two groups. Group 1: 15 patients presenting rash in which serology was positive. Grupo2: 20 symptomless patients found to have positive IgM during routine prenatal care. Monthly ultrasonographic evaluation was accomplished in all patients and in group 1 they were also offered prenatal invasive testing. Fetal echocardiography and Dopplers were performed. After birth, the placentas were submitted to pathological examination. The liveborn babies had clinical and serological examination. Auditory tests, brain scan, fundoscopy and postnatal echocardiography were also performed. RESULTS: In group 1: fetal infection occurred in 9 cases and vertical transmission between 2 to 14 weeks was 64,9%. Malformation was present in 37,5% of infected cases. Ultrasound revealed symmetrical intra-uterine growth retardation in all infected fetuses that reached the third trimester, and started around 25,1 weeks. Cordocentesis was accomplished in 9 cases and all the infected ones, presented positive IgM and erythroblastosis in cord blood. PCR in the amniotic fluid was positive in all 3 cases it was performed. 50% of the infected fetuses placentas presented signs of viral infection. The average gestacional age of delivery among infected cases was 33,8 weeks and medium birth weight was 1365,6g. All 6 liveborn infected babies were small for gestacional age and presented deafness. Survival among infected cases was 62,5%, medium follow-up was 35,2 months. In group 2: the infection was not demonstrated in any of neonates, although we could demonstrate a congenital infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. CONCLUSIONS: Vertical transmission of the rubella in the first trimester seems to vary among different populations, as well as the presence of the associated defects in the new-born. Invasive diagnosis and ultrasonographic follow-up presented good sensitivity and specificity. We could establish the pattern of fetal grown associated to the infection. The isolated presence of a positive rubella IgM in pregnancy did not correlated with congenital rubella, but it can be related to other congenital infections.
Câmara, Joseneide Teixeira. "Prevalência de infecções de transmissão vertical: toxoplasmose, rubéola, hepatite B, sífilis, infecção pelo citomegalovirus e pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em gestantes atendidas em Caxias, Maranhão." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4342.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The vertical transmission of infection from mother to child, and may increase morbidity and mortality of both mother and child, when not diagnosed and by suitably dealest, causing a serious public health problem. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B, syphilis and HIV among pregnant women in Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil and identify the main factors associated with seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women attending two referral centers Caxias, MA. Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study of 561 pregnant women who received prenatal care at two clinics reference to prenatal high risk in the period July 2011 to December 2012, the outpatient clinics of Maternity Carmosina Coutinho (MCC) and the Specialized Center for Maternal and Child Care (CEAMI). Serological tests for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B were performed by a laboratory conveniado to the municipality by the same trained technician, and for syphilis and HIV were performed in the Counseling and Testing Center (ATC) in the city laboratory. And a small sample of whole blood from five pregnant IGM reagent for Toxoplasma gondii and their respective newborns was processed at the Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health in the Department of Parasitology UFG for performing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0 Windows, using the chi-square tests of association and Odds Ratio (95%CI), considering a significance level of 5%. It was found to be positive for HIV was 0.4%, 2.0% syphilis, rubella and cytomegalovirus IgG reactivity were 93.6% and 87.8% respectively without reactive IgM, HBsAg was negative for all pregnant women in the sample tested. Regarding toxoplasmosis in 437 (77%), 124 susceptibility (22.1%) and 5 (0.9%) women with active infection. Found no significant association between toxoplasmosis susceptibility and age, location, income, education, sewerage, number of pregnancies and gestational age. Variables with significant association (p≤0.05) were seropositive pregnant women who are multiparous (p=0.036), living with dogs stuck at home (p=0.001), and consumption of raw kibbeh (p=0.036). The frequency of seropositivity of these infectious diseases of vertical transmission in pregnant women seen at antenatal care in the city of Caxias-MA is considered high, but are similar to those described in other regions of Brazil. Pregnant women who are multiparous who perform consumption of raw kibbeh and live with dogs that do not wobble on the street, had more chance of becoming infected with Toxoplasma gondii, thus guidance on primary prevention measures and quarterly serological monitoring should be strengthened these infections of pregnant women, since it is important to identify and/or prevent congenital infection measured.
A transmissão vertical das infecções da mãe para o filho e pode aumentar a morbimortalidade do binômio mãe-filho. Quando não diagnosticadas e tratadas adequamente, e ocasionam um sério problema de saúde pública. Este estudo objetivou estimar a soroprevalência de anticorpos para toxoplasmose, rubéola, citomegalovírus, hepatite B, sífilis e HIV entre gestantes em Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil e identificar os principais fatores associados à soropositividade para o Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) em gestantes atendidas em dois centros de referência em Caxias–MA. Estudo descritivo, observacional, transversal, com 561 gestantes que realizaram a assistência pré-natal em dois ambulatórios de referência para pré-natal de alto risco, no período de julho de 2011 a dezembro de 2012, nos ambulatórios da Maternidade Carmosina Coutinho (MCC) e no Centro Especializado de Assistência Materno-Infantil (CEAMI). Os testes sorológicos de toxoplasmose, rubéola, citomegalovírus, hepatite B foram realizados por um laboratório conveniado ao município, e para sífilis e HIV foram realizadas no laboratório do Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) do município. Uma amostra de sangue total das cinco gestantes IGM reagente para o T. gondii e de seus respectivos recém-nascidos foi processada no Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Publica da UFG no Setor de Parasitologia para a realização de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). A análise estatística foi realizada com o programa SPSS versão 20.0 Windows, usando os testes de associação qui-quadrado e Odds Ratio (IC95%), considerando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Constatou-se que a soropositividade para HIV foi de 0,4%, sífilis 2,0%, rubéola e citomegalovírus a reatividade de IgG foram de 93,6% e 87,8% respectivamente sem IgM reativa, HBsAg foi não reagente para todas as gestantes da amostra. Em relação ao T. gondii 437 (77,9%) foram soropositivas, a susceptibilidade em 124 (22,1%) e 5 (0,9%) gestantes com infecção ativa. Não foi observada associação significativa entre soropositividade para toxoplasmose e idade, procedência, renda, escolaridade, rede de esgotos, número de gestações e idade gestacional. As variáveis com associação significativa (p≤0,05) para soropositividade foram gestantes que são multigestas (p=0,036), convívio com cães presos em casa (p=0,001), e consumo de quibe cru (p=0,036). A frequência de soropositividade dessas doenças infecciosas de transmissão vertical em gestantes atendidas no pré-natal, no município de Caxias-MA é considerada alta, mas encontram-se semelhantes aos descritos em outras regiões do Brasil. As gestantes que são multigestas que realizam consumo de quibe cru e convivem com cães presos em casa, apresentaram mais chance de se infectar com o Toxoplasma gondii, assim, deve ser reforçada orientações sobre medidas de prevenção primária e o monitoramento sorológico trimestral dessas infecções às gestantes, uma vez que são medidas importantes para identificar e/ou prevenir as infecções congênitas.
Alves, Mônica Isabel. "Inclusão do parceiro na assistência pré-natal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-25042018-105007/.
Повний текст джерелаThis study\'s primary objective was to analyze the strategy of including the male partner in prenatal care in the city of Franca, Brazil. The secondary objectives were: 1) To detect the prevalence of male partners with abnormal levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides; 2) To detect the prevalence of male partners with abnormal levels of fasting blood glucose; 3) To detect the prevalence of systemic hypertension among male partners; 4) To detect the prevalence of syphilis, HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C among pregnant women; 5) To find out the frequency of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and of Diabetes mellitus (DM) among pregnant women; 6) To detect the prevalence of syphilis, HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C among the pregnant women\'s male partners; 7) To gauge the health team\'s motivation to implement the strategy of male involvement in prenatal care; 8) To assess maternal acceptance and male partner acceptance of the strategy of including the male partner in prenatal care. This was a quantitative study, which used the Student\'s t-test to compare parametric variables and the Chi-squared test for the nonparametric variables and which considered a p-value < 0.05 as significant in both tests. The results identified 4 male partners with hypertension (3.4%) and 51 male partners (43.2%) with glucose intolerance, of which four had a diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus as a result of the blood glucose test. We found that the Anexos 100 prevalence of dyslipidemia among the male partners was 84.4%. Regarding serology tests, we identified a couple (1.5%) with discordant syphilis serology (pregnant woman with syphilis) and another couple in which the male partner was diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection with such diagnosis only having been possible because of his participation in prenatal care. We could identify that 57 male partners (48.3%) classified the health teams as not encouraging of the male involvement in prenatal care. However, 58 male partners (49.1%) participated by selfmotivation. The fathers\' perception of their involvement in prenatal care was referred to as positive by 77.9% of the male partners and 93 pregnant women / mothers (78.8%) considered the inclusion of the male partner in prenatal care important and positive. We identified that the inclusion of the male partner in prenatal care was important in the early diagnosis and early treatment of vertical transmission diseases and chronic diseases as well as that it is crucial to encourage health teams to communicate the benefits of the inclusion of the male partner in prenatal care, thus contributing to the health of the father- mother-child triad.
MACÊDO, Vilma Costa de. "Sífilis gestacional: fatores de risco sociodemográficos, comportamentais e assistenciais." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16160.
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A sífilis gestacional é uma doença infecciosa, transmitida verticalmente, e está associada a diversos desfechos negativos na gravidez que são evitáveis quando detectada e tratada de forma precoce. As recomendações atuais para o controle da sífilis reforçam a necessidade de priorizar intervenções globais em prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento oportuno com atenção a grupos populacionais mais expostos. O objetivo desta tese foi estudar os fatores que influenciam a ocorrência e o tratamento para sífilis em mulheres atendidas em sete maternidades públicas do Recife – PE. O documento foi estruturado nos seguintes capítulos: revisão da literatura, método, resultados apresentado sob a forma de dois artigos originais, considerações finais e recomendações. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa mais abrangente, do tipo caso-controle, que recrutou 1.206 mulheres a partir da admissão nas maternidades, conforme local de residência e resultado do exame de VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory). Para cada resultado de VDRL reagente sob qualquer titulação, buscavam-se, na sequência posterior de ordem de admissão, duas com resultados de VDRL não reagentes, durante os anos de 2013/2014. O primeiro artigo analisou os fatores de risco sociodemográficos, comportamentais e de assistência à saúde relacionados à ocorrência de sífilis em mulheres residentes e atendidas em maternidades públicas da cidade do Recife – PE. Utilizou-se um delineamento do tipo caso-controle que considerou o resultado da sorologia ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). A amostra foi constituída de 561 mulheres, das quais 239 eram reagentes (casos) e 322 eram não reagentes (controles) ao ELISA. Os resultados mostraram que os fatores de risco à sífilis gestacional estavam relacionados a menor escolaridade, ausência de acesso ao telefone, religião católica, ocorrência de quatro ou mais gestações, maior número de parceiros sexuais nos últimos doze meses, início do uso de drogas antes dos dezoito anos, assim como à utilização de drogas ilícitas pelo companheiro. Além destes, ao número insuficiente de consultas ao pré-natal e ao relato de história anterior de infecção sexualmente transmissível. O segundo artigo teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico, reprodutivo e assistencial segundo a situação do pré-natal, o registro do VDRL e o tratamento para sífilis em mulheres admitidas em maternidades públicas de uma capital do Nordeste do Brasil, entre 2013 e 2014. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com uma amostra de 1.206 mulheres residentes em Pernambuco nos anos de 2013/2014. Os resultados evidenciaram entraves para o controle da transmissão vertical da sífilis. Do total, 91,3% das mulheres realizaram o pré-natal. O registro do VDRL no cartão de pré-natal estava ausente em 23,9% e destas, a maior parte iniciou o acompanhamento no último trimestre da gestação. O pré-natal não se mostrou efetivo na prevenção e rastreio da sífilis, uma vez que 34,1% apresentaram-se reagentes ao VDRL na admissão à maternidade. Entre as mulheres não tratadas para sífilis no pré-natal, apenas 57,7% e 46,2% cumpriram as recomendações de iniciar o acompanhamento no primeiro trimestre gestacional e realizar seis ou mais consultas, em contraste com as que receberam tratamento com valores de 70% para as duas situações, respectivamente. A ocorrência da sífilis na gestação está associada ao baixo nível de escolaridade, a piores condições socioeconômicas, a comportamentos de maior vulnerabilidade e acompanhamento pré-natal insatisfatório. Notou-se, também, obstáculos no diagnóstico e tratamento da sífilis durante o pré-natal, tornando ainda mais complexo o controle nessa população.
Gestational syphilis is an infectious disease transmitted vertically. It is associated with many negative outcomes during pregnancy, which can be avoided when the disease is detected and treated early. The current recommendations for controlling syphilis reinforce the need of prioritizing global preventive interventions, diagnosis, and timely treatment, paying special attention to more exposed groups. The objective of this thesis was to study the factors that influence the occurrence of syphilis and its treatment in women attending seven public maternity hospitals in Recife – PE. The document was structured into the following chapters: literature review, method, results presented in the form of two original articles, final considerations, and recommendations. The study was developed from a more comprehensive case-control study, which recruited 1,206 women during hospital admission according to their address and Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test. For every woman recruited with a positive VDRL test result regardless of titer, two consecutive women with negative VDRL test results were recruited by order of admission during 2013 and 2014. The first article analyzed the sociodemographic, behavioral, and health care risk factors related to the presence of syphilis in women from Recife/PE attending the city’s maternity hospitals. A case-control design took into account the result of the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay test. The sample consisted of 561 women, of which 239 were ELISA positive (cases) and 322 were ELISA negative (controls). The results showed that the risk factors for gestational syphilis were related to lower education level, no access to a telephone, being Catholic, occurrence of four or more pregnancies, higher number of sexual partners in the last twelve months, illicit drug use before age 18 years, illicit drug use by partner, inadequate number of prenatal care visits, and a reported history of sexually transmitted diseases. The second article aimed to characterize the sociodemographic, reproductive, and health care profile according to prenatal care adequacy, VDRL records, and treatment for syphilis of women attending public maternity hospitals in a state capital in the Brazilian Northeast between 2013 and 2014. The cross-sectional study included 1,206 women from Pernambuco recruited between 2013 and 2014. The results evidenced obstacles for controlling vertical syphilis transmission. In total, 91.3% of the women received prenatal care. The VDRL test result was not recorded in 23.9% of the prenatal care cards and most of these women began prenatal care during the last trimester of pregnancy. Prenatal care did not effectively prevent and screen syphilis since 34.1% of the women had positive VDRL test result on hospital admission. Among women who did not receive treatment for syphilis during prenatal care, only 57.7% and 46.2% followed the recommendations to begin follow-up during the first trimester of pregnancy and to attend six or more visits. On the other hand, 70% of the women who received treatment began follow-up during the first trimester of pregnancy and attended six or more prenatal care visits. The occurrence of gestational syphilis is associated with low education level, low socioeconomic level, more vulnerable behaviors, and unsatisfactory prenatal care. Obstacles for controlling syphilis in this population were also present.
Neto, Sergio Eleuterio da Silva. "Investigação de sífilis congênita no município de Itapeva (SP): fatores que podem interferir no diagnóstico e tratamento da sífilis na gestação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-28112017-151854/.
Повний текст джерелаINTRODUCTION: The continuity of high rates of congenital syphilis (CS) in Brazil is worrying, despite simple diagnosis and treatment. This study had the following objectives: To describe socio-demographic characteristics, clinical laboratory results, prenatal assistance and specific therapy of pregnant women with syphilis; To describe clinical-laboratory characteristics, specific therapeutics and outcome of newborns exposed to syphilis; To estimate annual incidence rate of CS; To determine CS frequency among newborns and proved conceptus; and To identify factors associated with the occurrence of CS between the conceptus and exposed newly born. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 149 pregnant women with syphilis and 152 newborns / proved conceptus, in Itapeva (SP), from January 2010 to December 2014. Cases were identified by Epidemiological Surveillance (ES) and by active Basic Health Units, Maternal and Child Center, Specialized Clinic in Infectious Diseases and Santa Casa de Misericórdia. All data were collected from the records of syphilis notification in pregnant women and CS and the records of pregnant women and newborns. To assess the association of CS with variables of interest, prevalence, and 95% confidence interval were calculated. In the multivariate analysis, we used a Poisson Regression Model with robust variance with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of pregnant women was 24.3 years. Eight pregnant women did not get prenatal exams, most started prenatal with gestational age <= 13 weeks, performed more than six medical appointments and 97.2% showed the non-treponemal test; 57% with VDRL result > 1: 4. The diagnosis of syphilis made at the time of childbirth / endometrial curettage was 11.4% of pregnant women; by the second trimester of pregnancy 20.8% and by the third quarter 8.7%. Among the 132 women diagnosed during pregnancy, 77.2% received adequate treatment >= 30 days before delivery; 31.7% did the monthly VDRL for cure control. As for the partners, 48.3% were treated improperly or untreated. There were two miscarriage and three stillbirths. Regarding the 147 live births (LB), 29.9% were premature, 35.4% were underweight, and 51% presented signs of CS at birth. Only 132 newborns performed at least one VDRL test, with a positive result in 65.3%; 55.1% of the newly born received treatment for syphilis, and the majority (91.4%) started treatment on the day of birth. There were five deaths per CS. The investigator confirmed 101 cases of congenital syphilis, of which 62 were notified to the ES. Ten children had sequelae. The incidence rates of CS were: 15.1 / 1000 LB (2010); 12.1 / 1000 LB (2011); 15.6 / 1000 LB (2012); 9.1 / 1000 LB (2013) and 22.3 / 1000 LB (2014). In the bivariate analysis, smoking, = 14 weeks at diagnosis of syphilis was associated with the occurrence of CS. In the first model of multivariate analysis, gestational age at diagnosis and smoking were independently associated with CS. In the second model, gestational age at diagnosis, the number of prenatal appointments, and the outcome of the first VDRL were independently associated with the occurrence of SC. CONCLUSION: The incidence rates of CS found by the researcher were higher than those reported by the ES. The results suggest underreporting of syphilis in pregnant women and CS
Tchendjou, tankam Patrice Yves. "Conseil prénatal du VIH orienté vers le couple : faisabilité et effets sur la prévention du VIH au Cameroun." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0334/document.
Повний текст джерелаIt is a little above 30 years that the first cases of AIDS resulting from HIV infection were described in the United States of America. This disease remains a public health problem worldwide, with a great social and economic impact. In 2012, it was reported that the disease had already caused over 25 million deaths, and yet every year, more than 70% of the 2.3 million new HIV infections occurred in Africa, where there are only 12% of the world’s population. In Africa, there is a peculiar evolution of this infection overtime. After nearly two decades of promoting the ABC programs (abstinence, be faithful, condoms); promotion of counseling and testing; or more recently, introduction of pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis, usage of antiretroviral therapy as treatment and prevention, the prevalence of HIV remained stable or decreased in the most at-risk populations but increased dramatically in the formerly low-risk populations. Recent data from South Africa, Botswana an Cameroon showed that the prevalence of HIV is twice as much in women as in men and was higher in the population age range of 30 to 45 years, which constitute the economic livelihood of the continent. Furthermore, in some countries like in Cameroon, HIV prevalence was reported to be higher in stable couples (married, prolonged cohabitation etc.). It therefore seems necessary to revise the actual strategies of HIV prevention to deal with the new facet of the HIV epidemic in the African context. This thesis, which is a reported experience from an operational research, presents the results of the evaluation of a new intervention so called couple-oriented HIV counseling (COC), built by using the health belief model. It is an enhanced HIV post-test counseling offered during prenatal HIV testing, in replacement of the classical HIV post-test counseling. The originality of this study was the quality of our study design with a good level of proof and the public health perspective of the new strategy. To realize the study, we adopted two methodological approaches. The first one, acting as a proof of concept, was a randomized trial, conducted in a reference structure in an urban area (ANRS 12127-Prenahtest trial), to evaluate the efficiency of the new COC intervention to improve prenatal HIV testing of male partners, couple counseling for HIV and spousal communication about. Besides the effects of the COC, we documented other conditions for the improvement of previously mentioned indicators. After the proof of concept phase, we realized a second stage which consisted of scaling-up of the new intervention, with implementation conditions very close to the field conditions to take into account the future needs of transferability in practical standard care conditions. The study design used for this phase was the before/ after study (SIMECAM – FGSK project). This type of study was chosen to take into account the organization of the health system with three categories of health facilities at the peripheral level (district hospitals, divisional medical centers and integrated health centers). It also took into account the ethical component resulting from the superiority of the new intervention of COC described in an urban area
DI, GESU' Claudia. "INVESTIGATION INTO THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF MATERNAL HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED DYSBIOSIS ON OFFSPRING BRAIN AND METABOLISM." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/514947.
Повний текст джерелаAngelesi, Bayenga Fils. "La protection de l'enfant contre le risque de naître avec le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine en droit congolais et comparé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0060.
Повний текст джерелаPrenatal HIV transmission from mother to child is responsible for the majority of HIV / AIDS infections in infants. Despite the almost ubiquitous risk of infected children and still very limited access to antiretroviral therapy, the number of HIV-positive women who complete their pregnancies is increasing steadily in sub-Saharan Africa. Motivated by this empirical observation, the study tackles a range of legal and bioethical questions, some of which are still unpublished, torn between legitimate desire for children (right to the child) and society's obligation to protect future children against a predictable congenital disability recognized as incurable (right of the child). Fundamentally, it questions the legislator on how to capture the biological risk of maternal HIV transmission without breaking the necessary ethical balance between the fundamental rights and freedoms of the HIV-positive woman or mother and the best interests of the unborn child. Using the example of Congolese law and following the comparative information approach, the study seeks to systematically demonstrate that, in the face of the high probability of being born with HIV, the protection that the current African rights bring to the child is insufficient and, in some respects, incoherent. To remedy this, she advocates a new paradigm of normativity based on the philosophy of seeking an ethical reconciliation which does not appear to be manifestly disproportionate between the autonomy of the woman or mother who is HIV-positive on her body and the responsibility of its choices in reproductive health. Thus, thanks to its many innovative proposals for the revision of the law, has this study managed to contribute significantly to the search for theoretical tools necessary for the emergence of new African rights in order of battle for future generations without AIDS
Oliveira, Leila Regina de. "Avaliação da efetividade das ações para prevenção e controle da transmissão vertical da Sífilis em Cuiabá e Mato Grosso." Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação do Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de mestre em Saúde Coletiva, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/12014.
Повний текст джерелаApproved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-06-25T14:58:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Diss MP. Leila R. Oliveira. 2012.pdf: 1281491 bytes, checksum: 160dfe6a92867d8ebff6fad1efbc861a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-25T14:58:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diss MP. Leila R. Oliveira. 2012.pdf: 1281491 bytes, checksum: 160dfe6a92867d8ebff6fad1efbc861a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
A Sífilis Congênita é um importante problema de saúde em vários países. No Brasil, em 2007, foi lançado o Plano Operacional para redução da transmissão vertical da Sífilis visando reduzir a ocorrência da Sífilis Congênita. Para avaliar a efetividade das ações para prevenção e controle da transmissão vertical da Sífilis em Cuiabá e Mato Grosso, realizou-se estudo de série temporal da incidência desta doença e avaliou-se a evolução de alguns indicadores de assistência à saúde das gestantes com Sífilis. SINAN e SINASC foram as fontes de dados. A efetividade das ações foi avaliada pela comparação da evolução de indicadores de resultados, 2001-2006 e 2007-2011, e pela Fração Prevenível. Não foram observadas melhorias dos indicadores de resultados referentes à assistência a saúde das gestantes. A Fração Prevenível pelas ações em Mato Grosso foi de 0,0950 (IC95% -0,3370; 0,3875) e em 0,4372 (IC95% -0,0018; 0,6839). A não efetividade das ações sugere que as mesmas não estão sendo desenvolvidas ou estão sendo implementadas de forma inadequada e/ou insuficiente.
Salvador
Hatcher, Abigail Mae. "Exploring the effects of intimate partner violence on prevention of mother-to-child transmission service uptake: a nested cohort study." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23086.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) has potential to eliminate new HIV infections among infants. Yet, in many settings in sub-Saharan Africa, women are unable to adhere to PMTCT recommendations due to social constraints. One such factor may be intimate partner violence (IPV), or any actions taken by a relationship partner that cause physical, sexual, or psychological harm. Despite theoretical and empirical rationale for understanding the links between IPV and PMTCT adherence, few studies in the extant literature have explored this association. Methods: This thesis draws upon four distinct studies that interface using an overall mixed method study design. The first study is a systematic review of the literature around women’s experience of lifetime IPV and adherence to anti-retroviral treatment (ART). The second study is formative qualitative research with pregnant women, health workers, and other local stakeholders that explores how IPV may be related to PMTCT in the urban Johannesburg setting. The third study is a deeper qualitative examination of women living with both IPV and HIV, aiming to understand the mechanisms that link partner violence to PMTCT behaviors using a social constructionist lens. The final study is a quantitative cohort study nested within a randomized control trial testing an intervention for IPV in pregnancy. Using regression techniques and structural equation modeling, I aim to determine the association between IPV and ART adherence in pregnancy and postpartum and identify pathways that mediate the relationship between partner violence and PMTCT. Results: This doctoral research contributes several new findings to the extant literature around PMTCT. I find that IPV is related to ART adherence among HIV-positive women in extant literature, with meta-analysis showing significantly worse odds of ART uptake, self-reported adherence, and viral suppression among women reporting lifetime IPV. In one of first of studies among women in sub-Saharan Africa, I learn that impact of IPV on ART adherence in pregnancy and postpartum is marked. I identify several mechanisms through which IPV influences PMTCT adherence. Mental health emerges as a robust pathway linking IPV to worse adherence in both qualitative and quantitative papers. Partner non-disclosure due to IPV can impede adherence, or women can navigate this challenge through hiding their HIV status or medication. Women experiencing IPV may attend fewer antenatal clinic visits, leading to worsened adherence. An unexpected finding was that women in our qualitative and quantitative studies were resilient and used strategies to adhere despite IPV. Motherhood seems to be a central feature of women who are resilient to the effects of IPV on adherence. Conclusion: The findings of this research have implications for research, policy, and practice. Research should incorporate social factors, such as IPV, into future studies testing PMTCT adherence interventions. Clinical practice and HIV programs should recognize that partner-level dynamics such as IPV may drive persistent gaps in PMTCT coverage. HIV policy urgently needs to incorporate ethical and safety considerations for women who experience IPV around the time of pregnancy. Women living with recent or past IPV are highly resilient and often want to protect their own health and that of their children. Only by recognizing and addressing their experience within the context of HIV care can future PMTCT programs and studies ensure maternal and infant health.
MT2017
Thithi, Potetsa Elizabeth. "Perceptions of midwives and pregnant women of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programme at the ante-natal care unit and maternity ward at the Johan Heyns community health centre in tne Sedibeng District, Gauteng." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18667.
Повний текст джерелаHealth Studies
M. A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
Tshabalala, Maureen Fatsani. "Utilzation of antenatal care (ANC) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services in east Ekurhuleni sub-district, Gauteng Province, South Africa." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6151.
Повний текст джерелаHealth Studies
MA (Public Health)
Schultz, Lebogang. "Record-keeping in the antenatal care register in Tshwane district, Gauteng province." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23165.
Повний текст джерелаHealth Studies
M.A. (Health Studies)
Gule, Wendy Patience. "HIV positive pregnant women's experiences of the antenatal care at a regional referral hospital in Swaziland." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19453.
Повний текст джерелаHealth Studies
M. A. (Nursing Science)
Chukwukaodinaka, Nkwakaego Ernestina. "Factors influencing the utilisation of PMTCT services in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19036.
Повний текст джерелаHealth Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
Chukwukaodinaka, Nwakaego Ernestina. "Factors influencing the utilisation of PMTCT services in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19036.
Повний текст джерелаHealth Studies
M.A. (Public Health)