Готові списки джерел за темами / Preliminary drying

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Preliminary drying"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Preliminary drying"

Kowalski, Stefan, and Dominik Mierzwa. "Influence of preliminary osmotic dehydration on drying kinetics and final quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.)." Chemical and Process Engineering 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10176-011-0014-6.

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Influence of preliminary osmotic dehydration on drying kinetics and final quality of carrot (Daucus carotaL.)This paper concerns convective drying of carrot preliminary dehydrated in aqueous solutions of three types of osmotic agents (sucrose, fructose, glucose). Three solution concentrations (20, 40 and 60%) were examined to work out efficient conditions of osmotic dewatering. The parameters such as water loss (WL), solid gain (SG) and osmotic drying rate (ODR) indicating the real efficiency of osmotic dehydrations (OD) were determined. The samples dehydrated with osmotic solutions underwent further convective drying to analyze influence of dehydration process on drying kinetics and final products quality. The quality of products was assessed on the basis of visual appearance of the samples and colorimetric measurements. It was found that osmotic pretreatment improves significantly the final product quality as the samples were less deformed and their colour was better preserved compared to samples, which had not been preliminarily dehydrated. Preliminary dehydration, however, did not influence significantly the overall drying time of the samples.

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Parra-Coronado, Alfonso, Oscar Leonardo García-Navarrete, Francy Alejandra Vanegas-Izquierdo, José Alfredo Gamboa-Gamboa, Andrés Felipe González-Mora, and David Andrés Ramirez-González. "Preliminary study of drying of natural coffee by cyclical pressure changes." DYNA 87, no. 214 (July 1, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v87n214.83414.

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A “special coffee” is obtained with an adequate drying process, which allows the preservation of volatile substances responsible for excellent cup quality. The aim was to carry out preliminary studies of drying of natural coffee by implementing a Cyclic Pressure Changes (CPCD) dryer, comparing it with solar drying and with a mechanical drying system by forced convection of low-temperature air. The drying times and rates of the systems used were compared, as well as the respective valuation of the cup quality. Drying times were 767 h for solar drying system, without reaching the desired moisture content; 153.5 h for mechanical drying system and 449 h for the CPCD system. However, the global cup tests showed a better quality of the grain obtained with the CPCD system (87 points), than the one obtained with the mechanical drying at 35°C (84 points).

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Hamidi, Nurkholis, Yuji Hirata, and Takaharu Tsuruta. "F211 Improving Frozen Quality by Microwave Vacuum Drying as a Preliminary Process." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2006 (2006): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2006.361.

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Böhm, V., S. Kühnert, H. Rohm, and G. Scholze. "Improving the Nutritional Quality of Microwave-vacuum Dried Strawberries: A Preliminary Study." Food Science and Technology International 12, no. 1 (February 2006): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013206062136.

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Microwave-vacuum drying is an up-to-date technique for the conservation of fruits and vegetables, resulting in products with improved texture and colour. In order to evaluate the effects on the content of ascorbic acid, anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity, three strawberry varieties were subjected to microwave-vacuum (MV) drying combined with convective pre- and post-drying, convective drying, and freeze-drying. The MV drying procedure comprised immersion in a pretreatment bath, pre-drying in a belt dryer to a moisture load of approx 45 g/100 g dry matter, and microwave treatment at 4 kPa for 8 min, leading to products with 5 g/100 g moisture. During post-drying, the moisture content was further reduced to approx 2 g/100 g. Convective drying and MV drying decreased the content of ascorbic acid to approx 40% of the initial value, phenolic compounds to approx 35%, and the antioxidative capacity to approx 60%. No reduction was observed in freeze-dried strawberries. Bypassing the pre-treatment bath, extending residence time in the pre-dryer to reduce temperature peaks, and reducing MV treatment time increased the recovery of ascorbic acid to approx 65%. Phenolic compounds remained stable, and the reduction of the antioxidative capacity was limited to 10% – 25%. Except ascorbic acid, the residual concentration of nutritionally relevant compounds after improving the processing conditions was close to the values as observed for freeze-dried products.

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Kiistala, U., HM Larni, IO Saarelainen, and Autio. "Drying of Foot and Hand-Wear: Preliminary Results with a New Drying Device." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 13, S1 (December 1998): S17—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0003836x.

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Kamiński, Edmund, Viktor Evgenevič Kruglenja, Viktor Iofimovič Kocuba, Maciej Kuboń, and Vjačesłav Alekseevič Šaršunov. "Trends in Improving the Structure of a Rotary Dryer." Agricultural Engineering 20, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2016-0006.

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AbstractThe article presents rational principles for improving the structure of a flax heap drier. As a result of tests which were carried out, we established that the counter-flow rotary dryer SKM-1 is the most perspective for drying flax heap. For effective drying of the flax heap fine fraction the second rotating screen above the loaded layer of flax heap is suggested in the SKM-1 dryer. Consequently, the drying agent processed on the bottom screen is used for preliminary drying and removal of surface moisture of the material loaded on the top screen. For the purpose of maintaining the uniform drying of the material it is recommended to carry out loosening and hashing during the drying process with the help of the loosening device, established as the V-shaped device on the discharge unit on the way to a mill. The preliminary heating of the flax heap on the top screen essentially accelerates drying and allows the increase of the dryer performance and can minimize energy requirement for drying. The correctly selected modes of the drying process provide favorable conditions for ripening flax seed, avoid damage of drying material and improve its sowing quality.

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Krzyżaniak, Michał, Marek Aljewicz, Anna Bordiean, and Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski. "Yellow Mealworm Composition after Convective and Freeze Drying—Preliminary Results." Agriculture 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020149.

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Insects are a potential source of food and feed for humans and livestock, and they can be consumed in different forms. A combination of freezing, blanching, and drying methods are often recommended to prolong the shelf life of insect-based foods and reduce their microbial loads. However, these processes affect the quality of the end product. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the extent to which various drying methods influence the selected physical and chemical parameters of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) larvae. Insects were blanched (for 60 and 120 s) and dried with the use of two methods: convective drying (at a temperature of 60 °C and 80 °C) and freeze-drying (−30 °C) for 12, 16 or 24 h. Blanched and dried insects were subjected to laboratory analyses. The examined samples were characterized by low moisture content in the range of 3.15% to 5.47%, and they differed considerably in water activity (0.06–0.55). Moisture content and water activity were substantially higher in larvae blanched for 60 s and freeze-dried than in larvae dried with the use of the remaining methods. However, no significant changes in the protein, fiber, or fat content of insects were found when drying parameters were modified. Therefore, nutritional composition and microbial loads in dried mealworm larvae should be investigated in the future.

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Zhang, Wei Qi, Shi Cheng Zhang, Jiu Yin Pang, and Xing Zhen. "The Preliminary Study of the Manufacturing Process of Veneer Composite Plank." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 3294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.3294.

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This study focuses on the manufacturing process of veneer composite plank and test the mechanical properties.The results showed that: ① In the dipping process, when the dipping time was 20min and adhesive solids was 25%,the veneer composite plank can get a better mechanical properties; ②In the low-temperature drying process, according to the mechanical properties and drying efficiency, low drying temperature appropriate select 50°C; ③Considering the mechanical properties and the cost issue as the density increases, select the density of 1.0g/cm3 is appropriate. Prove that the production technology is feasible, its products have uniform texture and good mechanical properties can be widely used for furniture, flooring and structural materials and other fields.

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Hristo, Hristov, Aleksandrov Svetoslav, Petrova Todorka, Ruskova Milena, Gotcheva Velitchka, and Nikolay Penov. "Investigating the kinetics at low temperature heat pump drying and conventional drying of osmotic dehydrated blueberries." E3S Web of Conferences 327 (2021): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132701015.

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The possibilities for low-temperature heat pump and conventional drying of blueberries during preliminary osmotic dehydration was studied. A full factor experiment of type 22+3 was performed. The kinetics of the process during variation of the main mode parameters: inlet temperature and thickness of the drying layer (load on the scaffolding) was studied. The curves of the drying process U = f (τ) and the curves of the drying speed dU / dτ = f (U) were constructed. The influence of the regime parameters on the drying time was established. Regression models of the drying coefficient during the second period of drying were presented.

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Zhang, M., Sh Mamatov, Sh Yaping, A. Jia, and Ch Liu. "The new drying technology of sea cucumber." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 5 (December 1, 2021): 052071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/5/052071.

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Abstract In this work, we studied the drying characteristics and the quality of sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus) that underwent preliminary processing using microwaves during freeze drying. The qualitative parameters of the samples (FD) are compared. The results of shortening the drying period using microwave pre-treatment during drying are analyzed. Experimental data were also obtained and the rehydration process and the chemical composition (protein, carbohydrates) of the dried sample were compared.

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Дисертації з теми "Preliminary drying"

Колосов, Олександр Євгенович. "Обгрунтування процесів та обладнання для одержання виробів з композицій епоксиполімерів ультразвуковою модифікацією". Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/653.

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Книги з теми "Preliminary drying"

Weyell, Manfred. Pre-drying of biomass using a vibrating fluid-bed drying system as a preliminary stage of biomass pyrolysis. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Частини книг з теми "Preliminary drying"

Bingoel, A. S., S. Strauss, and P. M. Vogt. "Clinical Application of wIRA Irradiation in Burn Wounds." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 189–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_15.

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AbstractBesides operative procedures (e.g., necrosectomies, skin grafting), conservative treatments of thermal injuries are increasingly important. wIRA as an additional therapy for burns, scalds, and chemically induced injuries and for treating severe skin reactions (e.g., toxic epidermal necrolysis) is used in our clinic on a daily basis. The most successful therapy involves 3–4 irradiations/30 min/day. Therefore, patients with superficial partial-thickness burns are treated with topical polyhexanide ointment and wIRA 2–4 days after the accident. In these cases, we see a quick wound-drying and a rapid re-epithelialization of the skin. The approach in deep partial-thickness burns depends on whether surgical procedures must be postponed due to poor general conditions. In these patients, preservation of the wound perfusion in regions that are not fully damaged is intended, avoiding extensive necrosectomies.Although third-degree burns are dry and do not require wIRA irradiation, it can be used for adjacent regions with minor degree burns. Preliminary in vitro data suggest a wIRA-induced migration of adipose-derived stem cells.Postoperatively, wIRA is used on areas transplanted with split-thickness skin grafts. After removal of the tie-over bolsters, wIRA is applied 3–4 times/20–30 min/day. The grafts exhibit a faster epithelialization of the fenestrated spots, and postoperative infections seem to be less frequent.

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Petrova, Zhanna, and Yurii Sniezhkin. "FEATURES OF THE PROCESS OF DEHYDRATION OF FUNCTIONAL VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS." In Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-38.

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Given the general trend of energy consumption, which leads to an increase in the amount of energy consumed worldwide, the cost of this energy is constantly increasing and its deficit is growing. Therefore, it is important to solve the problem of creating and large-scale implementation of modern energy-efficient heat technologies that reduce energy. This is especially true for providing the population to food, as an additional complication is that the production and processing of agricultural raw materials occurs in conditions of increased consumption of gas and other energy sources with low coefficient of performance and high losses of raw materials during processing. Food and nutrition play a leading role in everyone's life, no matter how we treat it. Nutrition is a key moment in the life of every living organism. Functional foods have evolved as a separate category and are not always considered as dietary supplements. Functional food products (FFP) are the products influencing a functional condition of an organism for the purpose of its increase - resistance, working capacity, prolongation of life. Although the definitions of functional products are different, they are basically ordinary foods and beverages, but enriched with a functional component - a nutrient that plays a special physiological role in the body, has a positive effect on human health. The purpose of the paper is a theoretical and experimental substantiation of complex and efficient processing of vegetable raw materials, creation of energy-efficient heat technology of agricultural raw materials processing in order to obtain functional products with maximum preservation of biologically active substances. In this work, 4 groups of functional foods were studied (according to the classification of the main plant functional ingredients of Doctor of Technical Sciences Petrova Zh.O.) - these are antioxidants, phytoestrogens, folates, prebiotics. An important point is to increase energy efficiency with maximum preservation of functional ingredients of raw materials. Preliminary preparation of raw materials for drying was developed and researched, optimal dehydration regime parameters were selected, which allow to reduce energy consumption for the process and to keep BAS for each group of functional raw materials at a high level. Since the increase in energy costs for drying is associated with the difficulty of removing moisture from plant material, it was important to investigate changes in the specific heat of evaporation of water from functional compositions. The conducted experimental researches confirmed the theoretical assumption of dependence of specific heat of evaporation of water from parenchymal fabrics of plants on composite components of raw materials. The obtained results allow to state that at correctly picked up compositions they not only stabilize components of native raw materials, but also there is an intensification of drying process with reduction of energy consumption on process. The duration of the drying process of functional raw materials on the experimental convective stand was calculated by the method of Krasnikov V.V. The estimated drying durations of functional raw materials and drying rates are determined. The kinetics of heat exchange was studied with the determination of the specific heat flux density and the Rebinder number, which proves the efficiency of the introduction of step drying regimes.

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Hu, Jin. "Accelerate the Aging of Polymer as Energy-Saving Method Prior to the Pyrolysis Process." In Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99995.

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Pyrolysis technology has appeared a long time ago, but it has not been widely recognized and used in the area of waste plastic/rubber management. The key reason is that the high energy consumption of pyrolysis is the most important problem that plagues the further development of pyrolysis. Prior to the pyrolysis of waste plastics/rubbers, in addition to dehydration and drying can save part of the energy consumption of pyrolysis, in this study, we have first reviewed and discussed high irradiance exposure to artificially accelerate the aging process of waste plastics/rubbers as pretreatment. The results from our preliminary experiments show that the pyrolysis process of the plastic that has undergone UV accelerated aging was speed up, accordingly to achieve saving energy in thermal cracking.

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"Preliminary study on the drying of bamboo (Bambusa blumeana) in a wood waste-fired kiln." In Bamboo for Sustainable Development, 495–510. BRILL, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004473911_045.

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Talarico, Valentina, Laura Giancotti, Giuseppe Antonio Mazza, Santina Marrazzo, Roberto Miniero, and Marco Bertini. "FERALGINE™ a New Oral iron Compound." In Iron Metabolism - Iron a Double‐Edged Sword [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100445.

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Management of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is primarily focused to remove, when possible, the underlying cause of ID; subsequently its treatment is primary focused on iron stores repletion. Ferrous sulphate (FS) remains the mainstay of treatment and it is recommended as the first-line treatment of ID and IDA in children as in adults by all guidelines of scientific societies. However the effectiveness of FS is largely compromised by increased adverse effects, poor compliance and discontinuation of treatment. A new oral iron source named FERALGINE™ (FBC-A) has been recently developed. This new molecule is a patented co-processed one-to-one ratio compound between Ferrous Bysglicinate Chelate (FBC) and Sodium Alginate (AA), obtained by using a spray drying technology. The data presented in this short review highlight the efficacy and safety of the treatment with FBC-A and support its use in adult patients with IDA. Furthermore the present review also provides preliminary evidence to suggest FBC-A as first-line treatment for ID/IDA in patients with celiac disease (CD) or inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Preliminary drying"

Fuengfoo, Maelada, Sakamon Devahastin, Chalida Niumnuy, and Somchart Soponronnarit. "Preliminary study of superheated steam spray drying: A case study with maltodextrin." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7881.

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A spray dryer was modified and tested with superheated steam as the drying medium. The effect of the inlet temperature on the recovery and morphology of the dried powder was then investigated. The results were compared with those obtained from hot-air spray drying. The results showed that the use of superheated steam and an increase in the inlet temperature led to an increase in the product recovery. The morphological results correlated with those of the product recovery in that superheated steam powder exhibited more inflated skin, leading to less adhesion of the sprayed droplets to the dryer wall. Keywords: morphology; product recovery; spray drying; superheated steam drying.

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Fan Li, Yiqing Peng, Zhengbin He, and Songlin Yi. "Preliminary study on method of vacuum drying." In 2011 International Conference on Information Science and Technology (ICIST). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icist.2011.5765180.

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Momen, Ayyoub M., Edem Kokou, Pradeep Bansal, Kyle R. Gluesenkamp, and Omar Abdelaziz. "Preliminary Investigation of Novel Direct Contact Ultrasonic Fabric Drying." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50479.

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Thermal evaporation of moisture from clothes is the main technique used in clothes dryers today. Most of the energy supplied is spent to provide the latent heat of evaporation of water (2.5MJ/kg). This paper presents a novel direct contact ultrasonic system to mechanically remove water from wet fabric. The vibrations from the transducers are transferred by direct contact to the water inside the narrow pores of the clothes. Breaking the capillary adhesion of moisture at the interface between air and water allows water to exit the clothes as cold mist. The cold mist also carries with it most impurities such as minerals or detergents. This cannot be achieved in thermal dryers where water evaporates and leaves the impurities behind. Mechanical extraction of water is expected to be more efficient since thermal processing is not required. The majority of the supplied energy is used to mechanically separate water from the fabric. Initial testing has revealed that it is possible to dry a 1 cm2 piece of fabric from full saturation to a mere 0.4 % moisture content in just 14 seconds.

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Sturm, Barbara, Roberto Moscetti, S. O. J. Crichton, Sharvari Raut, Michael Bantle, and Riccardo Massantini. "Feasibility of Vis/NIR spectroscopy and image analysis as basis of the development of smart-drying technologies." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7616.

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Drying is a complex, dynamic, unsteady and nonlinear process that, when not optimized on a system level, may be responsible for (1) significant quality degradation and (2) energy wastage. Consequently, new drying technologies must be designed combining non-invasive at-/on-/in-line advanced measurement and control systems with models cross-linking all relevant aspects of product quality changes and heat and mass transfer phenomena. This paper presents preliminary results on the use of RGB imaging, NIR spectroscopy and Vis-NIR hyperspectral imaging for real-time monitoring of physicochemical changes of apples and carrots during drying. Keywords: chemometrics, artificial intelligence, deep learning

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Mielke, Lisa, Andreas Bück, and Evangelos Tsotsas. "Multi-zone & multi-compartment model for dynamic simulation of horizontal fluidized bed granulator." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7474.

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Due to the ongoing development and implementation of process control and observation techniques in production processes of particulate products, the research on complexly designed process apparatuses has become of great interest. The work presented in this paper is focused on a model-based study on a multi-chamber horizontal fluidized bed apparatus for fluidized bed layering granulation. The model for the solid phase is extended by a new drying model. Because of the great variety of parameters that influence this complex system a preliminary model-based study on a simplified setup shall show which construction or process parameters influence the product quality. Keywords: fluidized bed granulation; population balance modeling; surface moisture content; drying

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Chigozie, Offurum Julius, and C. M. Morgan. "Determination of the moisture content of white and yellow corn from ohaji in imo state of nigeria using the dry-weight technique." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7486.

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The water content determination of two maize species (Yellow corn- and White corn- ) located at Ohaji in Imo State of Nigeria were considered in this study. This was motivated by the regular reported cases of the seed post-harvest spoilages, especially in the local communities. And the moisture content of a particular seed could vary according to the various location of crop, presumably due to the soil texture. The moisture content of a given crop seed can influence its storage value, as well as its choice of selection during manufacturing processes. It was, thus, necessary to determine the moisture content of the two maize species (white and yellow corn) from Ohaji in Imo State of Nigeria, in order to identify their dispositions, especially during storage. Modified High Constant Temperature Oven method, as prescribed by the International Seed Testing Association (which involves preliminary pre-drying and grinding), was employed, at a temperature of 102oC. This involved the use of dry-weight technique, which is expressed as a percentage of the dry weight of the seeds. The procedure for each sampling was replicated accordingly, and the mean value identified as the actual result. The moisture content for Sample A (white corn) was found to be 31.7%, while that of Sample B (yellow corn) was found to be 21.5%, which shows that the yellow corn would always have longer storage value than the white corn. As any change in the seed moisture content has a way of affecting its storage life, it is advisable not to store the white corn longer than it could be applied in the yellow corn for a better storage value.Keywords: Determination, Moisture Content, White Corn, Yellow Corn, Dry-weight Basis

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SEGURA, L. A., M. G. FUENTES, C. P. URRUTIA, and G. M. BADILLO. "3D PDMS TRANSPARENT MICROMODELS SIMULATING A FOOD MATRIX: MICROMODEL FABRICATION PROTOCOL AND PRELIMINARY DRYING EXPERIMENTS." In XX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeq2014-0006-27656-154433.

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Witwer, Keith. "Preliminary Demonstration of GeoMelt Treatment of Hanford’s K-Basin Sludge." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59004.

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The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company (CHPRC) are seeking a waste treatment solution for sludge stored in the K-Basin spent fuel pond at the Hanford Nuclear Site, in Washington State, USA. This sludge is a Remote Handled Transuranic (RHTRU) waste destined for final disposal at the Waste Isolation Pilot Pant (WIPP) in New Mexico. Removal of the sludge from the K-Basin and transport for interim storage at the Hanford Site is referred to as Phase 1 in this process. Phase 2 is defined as the treatment and packaging of the sludge such that it can be transported and disposed at the WIPP. This paper discusses work in support of Phase 2. ISI’s GeoMelt ICV process is ideally suited to treating a heterogeneous sludge that is rich in uranium metal and which contains a mixture of other fuel derived products, earthen materials, and miscellaneous items (operational debris, resin, etc). GeoMelt can quickly and efficiently treat small drum load batches and will fully destroy organics, oxidize reactive metals, and permanently immobilize radioactive constituents within a high-integrity vitrified product that will meet or exceed all WIPP acceptance criteria. The GeoMelt Technology has an extensive experience base, having treated more waste by vitrification than any other company in the world (25,500 metric tons). The equipment tested for this Project phase constituted the front end, or Sludge Pretreatment and Transport steps, of the proposed GeoMelt process. These components first focused on an engineering scale (22-liter), followed by testing with a full-scale (130-liter), horizontal rotary plow dryer/mixer. The dryer removes water from the sludge, via external heating and under reduced pressure, and mixes it with glass forming minerals (GFM) prior to treatment in the GeoMelt ICV system. Testing was first performed in July and September 2010 using a 22-liter drying system, which demonstrated a baseline drying technique and allowed an assessment of the resulting physical properties before, during, and after drying/mixing. Full-scale testing using a 130-liter dryer and condensate system was then performed in October 2010. An Operational Acceptance Test (OAT) of the equipment, followed by four “Dryer Holdup” tests and three “GFM Cleanout” tests were performed. Each of the Project Test Objectives was successfully met. Both the 22-liter engineering-scale and the 130-liter full-scale steam jacketed, horizontal plow, dryer are shown to dry and mix 5-vol% solids K-Basin sludge and GFM without difficulty. These test results, combined with previous treatability testing in 2004 wherein successful GeoMelt vitrification of a K-Basin sludge simulant was demonstrated, confirm the efficacy of the overall treatment process towards providing an immediate solution to the final disposition of K Basin Sludge.

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Almberg, Evan R., Michael P. Twedt, and Stephen P. Gent. "Investigation of Grain Harvesting and Drying Strategies to Improve Energy Efficiency and Profitability." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59531.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of harvest time and drying techniques on the energy requirements and profitability of grain production, particularly corn (Zea mays). In most grain production scenarios, supplemental drying is required post-harvest to allow long-term storage of the crop. Traditional high-temperature, high airflow drying systems have been known to be an energy intensive and high cost process of grain production. However, advanced continuous flow drying systems have shown to be 30% or more energy efficient than systems produced in recent decades. In this study, harvesting times (early fall, mid-fall, late fall) were compared to quantify the effects of field losses as the fall progresses with the potentially reduced drying requirement as the crop undergoes natural drying in the field. A model was developed to investigate the energy and economics of drying, based on harvest period, dryer efficiency, field drydown, and field losses. A sensitivity analysis was completed that focused on the energy consumption of artificial drying based upon harvesting conditions, as well as economic factors of field drying and fuel cost. Preliminary results of the study have shown that the use of higher efficiency drying systems combined with moderately prompt harvest times generally provide the most profitable scenario, while delayed harvest times increase the likelihood of field loss, which are not typically offset by the reduced drying requirements.

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Wegehaupt, Jan, Dariusz Buchczik, and Oliwia Krauze. "Preliminary studies on modelling the drying process in product classification and separation path in an electromagnetic mill installation." In 2017 22nd International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmar.2017.8046939.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Preliminary drying"

JEPPSON, D. W. Preliminary Design Report Shippingport Spent Fuel Drying and Inerting System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/803699.

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Garvin, L. J. ,. Westinghouse Hanford. Preliminary safety evaluation for the spent nuclear fuel project`s cold vacuum drying system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/663129.

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Orloff, D. I. High-intensity drying processes -- Impulse drying: Report 15 (final report). Production of linerboard on a pilot paper machine, subsequent commercial converting trials and preliminary economic assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/362520.

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Scott, D. L. Spent N fuel project preliminary saftey evaluation of the cold vacuum drying system -- calculations for the flammable gas ignition scenario. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/335151.

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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.

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Shani, Uri, Lynn Dudley, Alon Ben-Gal, Menachem Moshelion, and Yajun Wu. Root Conductance, Root-soil Interface Water Potential, Water and Ion Channel Function, and Tissue Expression Profile as Affected by Environmental Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592119.bard.

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Constraints on water resources and the environment necessitate more efficient use of water. The key to efficient management is an understanding of the physical and physiological processes occurring in the soil-root hydraulic continuum.While both soil and plant leaf water potentials are well understood, modeled and measured, the root-soil interface where actual uptake processes occur has not been sufficiently studied. The water potential at the root-soil interface (yᵣₒₒₜ), determined by environmental conditions and by soil and plant hydraulic properties, serves as a boundary value in soil and plant uptake equations. In this work, we propose to 1) refine and implement a method for measuring yᵣₒₒₜ; 2) measure yᵣₒₒₜ, water uptake and root hydraulic conductivity for wild type tomato and Arabidopsis under varied q, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the root zone; 3) verify the role of MIPs and ion channels response to q, K⁺ and Na⁺ levels in Arabidopsis and tomato; 4) study the relationships between yᵣₒₒₜ and root hydraulic conductivity for various crops representing important botanical and agricultural species, under conditions of varying soil types, water contents and salinity; and 5) integrate the above to water uptake term(s) to be implemented in models. We have made significant progress toward establishing the efficacy of the emittensiometer and on the molecular biology studies. We have added an additional method for measuring ψᵣₒₒₜ. High-frequency water application through the water source while the plant emerges and becomes established encourages roots to develop towards and into the water source itself. The yᵣₒₒₜ and yₛₒᵢₗ values reflected wetting and drying processes in the rhizosphere and in the bulk soil. Thus, yᵣₒₒₜ can be manipulated by changing irrigation level and frequency. An important and surprising finding resulting from the current research is the obtained yᵣₒₒₜ value. The yᵣₒₒₜ measured using the three different methods: emittensiometer, micro-tensiometer and MRI imaging in both sunflower, tomato and corn plants fell in the same range and were higher by one to three orders of magnitude from the values of -600 to -15,000 cm suggested in the literature. We have added additional information on the regulation of aquaporins and transporters at the transcript and protein levels, particularly under stress. Our preliminary results show that overexpression of one aquaporin gene in tomato dramatically increases its transpiration level (unpublished results). Based on this information, we started screening mutants for other aquaporin genes. During the feasibility testing year, we identified homozygous mutants for eight aquaporin genes, including six mutants for five of the PIP2 genes. Including the homozygous mutants directly available at the ABRC seed stock center, we now have mutants for 11 of the 19 aquaporin genes of interest. Currently, we are screening mutants for other aquaporin genes and ion transporter genes. Understanding plant water uptake under stress is essential for the further advancement of molecular plant stress tolerance work as well as for efficient use of water in agriculture. Virtually all of Israel’s agriculture and about 40% of US agriculture is made possible by irrigation. Both countries face increasing risk of water shortages as urban requirements grow. Both countries will have to find methods of protecting the soil resource while conserving water resources—goals that appear to be in direct conflict. The climate-plant-soil-water system is nonlinear with many feedback mechanisms. Conceptual plant uptake and growth models and mechanism-based computer-simulation models will be valuable tools in developing irrigation regimes and methods that maximize the efficiency of agricultural water. This proposal will contribute to the development of these models by providing critical information on water extraction by the plant that will result in improved predictions of both water requirements and crop yields. Plant water use and plant response to environmental conditions cannot possibly be understood by using the tools and language of a single scientific discipline. This proposal links the disciplines of soil physics and soil physical chemistry with plant physiology and molecular biology in order to correctly treat and understand the soil-plant interface in terms of integrated comprehension. Results from the project will contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the SPAC and will inspire continued multidisciplinary research.

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