Дисертації з теми "Prédiction Médicale"
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Wargon, Mathias. "Gestion des flux par les services d'urgence modélisation, prédiction et applications pratiques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066547.
Повний текст джерелаGazzotti, Raphaël. "Prédiction d’hospitalisation par la génération de caractéristiques extraites de graphes de connaissances." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4018.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of electronic medical records (EMRs) and electronic prescribing are priorities in the various European action plans on connected health. The development of the EMR is a tremendous source of data; it captures all symptomatic episodes in a patient’s life and should lead to improved medical and care practices, as long as automatic treatment procedures are set up.As such, we are working on hospitalization prediction based on EMRs and after having represented them in vector form, we enrich these models in order to benefit from the knowledge resulting from referentials, whether generalist or specific in the medical field, in order to improve the predictive power of automatic classification algorithms. Determining the knowledge to be extracted with the objective of integrating it into vector representations is both a subjective task and intended for experts, we will see a semi-supervised procedure to partially automate this process.As a result of our research, we designed a product for general practitioners to prevent their patients from being hospitalized or at least improve their health. Thus, through a simulation, it will be possible for the doctor to evaluate the factors involved on the risk of hospitalization of his patient and to define the preventive actions to be planned to avoid the occurrence of this event.This decision support algorithm is intended to be directly integrated into the physician consultation software. For this purpose, we have developed in collaboration with many professional bodies, including the first to be concerned, general practitioners
Temanni, Mohamed-Ramzi. "Combinaison de sources de données pour l'amélioration de la prédiction en apprentissage : une application à la prédiction de la perte de poids chez l'obèse à partir de données transcriptomiques et cliniques." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814513.
Повний текст джерелаRenaud, Bertrand. "Aide à la décision médicale par les règles de prédiction clinique au service d'urgence : l'exemple de la pneumopathie aigue communautaire." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066543.
Повний текст джерелаThe explonentially increasing amount of medical knowledge compromises its transfer to medical practice and results in suboptimal quality of care. This is of particular interest with regard to emergency medicine. Indeed, in few other domains of medicine is there such variety, novelty, distraction, and chaos, all juxtaposed to a need for expeditious and judicious thinking and in no other area of medicine, is decision density as high. Therefore, emergency medicine is particularly exposed to reveal the cognitive limits of medical decision making. Indeed, medical decision mainly depends on emergency physicians ability to predict patients’ outcome based on data available at presentation. Clinical prediction rules are the best evidence for guiding medical decision. The following text reports several studies conducted by the emergency department team of H Mondor university related hospital about the usefulness of a clinical prediction rule for guiding medical decision making process of patients presenting with a community acquired pneumonia (CAP). First, the European validation of the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) that has been intially developped in North America is reported. The second study reports the impact of routine use of the PSI in French emergency departments. Then, we report an evaluation of professional practices consisting in the implemention of a comprehensive strategy that included PSI assessment via the emergency department computerized medical file. Finally, the last two reports present on the one hand the development of a new clinical prediction rule for the severe CAP (REA-ICU: Risk of Early Admission to Intensive Care Unit) and on the other hand a demonstration by recurrence of the actual usefulness of this new rule that could be able to signicantly modify medical practices
Harrison, Josquin. "Imagerie médicale, formes et statistiques pour la prédiction du risque d'accident vasculaire cérébral dans le cadre de la fibrillation atriale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4027.
Повний текст джерелаAtrial Fibrillation (AF) is a complex heart disease of epidemic proportions. It is characterized by chaotic electrical activation which creates a haemodynamic environment prone to clot formation and an increase in risk of ischemic strokes. Although treatments and interventions exist to reduce stroke incidence, they often imply an increase in risk of other complications or consist in invasive procedures. As so, attempts of stratifying stroke risk in AF is of crucial importance for clinical decision-making. However, current widely used risk scores only rely on basic patient information and show poor performance. Importantly, no known markers reflect the mechanistic process of stroke, all the while more and more patient data is routinely available. In parallel, many clinical experts have hypothesized that the Left Atrium (LA) has an important role in stroke occurrence, yet have only relied on subjective measures to verify it. In this study, we aim at taking advantage of the evolving patient imaging stratification to substantiate this claim. Linking the anatomy of the LA to the risk of stroke can directly be translated into a geometric problem. Thankfully, the study and analysis of shapes knows a long-standing mathematical history, in theory as well as application, of which we can take full advantage. We first walk through the many facets of shape analysis, to realise that, while powerful, global methods lack clinically meaningful interpretations. We then set out to use these general tools to build a compact representation specific to the LA, enabling a more interpretable study. This first attempt allows us to identify key facts for a realistic solution to the study of the LA. Amongst them, any tool we build must be fast and robust enough for potentially large and prospective studies. Since the computational crux of our initial pipeline lies in the semantic segmentation of the anatomical parts of the LA, we focus on the use of neural networks specifically designed for surfaces to accelerate this problem. In particular, we show that representing input shapes using principal curvature is a better choice than what is currently used, regardless the architecture. As we iteratively update our pipeline, we further the use of the semantic segmentation and the compact representation by proposing a set of expressive geometric features describing the LA which are well in line with clinicians expectations yet offering the possibility for robust quantitative analysis. We make use of these local features and shed light on the complex relations between LA shape and stroke incidence, by conducting statistical analysis and classification using decision tree based methods. Results yield valuable insights for stroke prediction: a list of shape features directly linked to stroke patients; features that explain important indicators of haemodynamic disorder; and a better understanding of the impact of AF state related LA remodelling. Finally, we discuss other possible use of the set of tools developed in this work, from larger cohorts study, to the integration into multi-modal models, as well as opening possibilities for precise sensitivity analysis of haemodynamic simulation, a valuable next step to better understand the mechanistic process of stroke
Marchesseau, Stephanie. "Simulation de modèles personnalisés du coeur pour la prédiction de thérapies cardiaques." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0082/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe clinical understanding and treatment of cardiovascular diseases is highly complex. For each patient, cardiologists face issues in determining the pathology, choosing a therapy or selecting suitable patients for the therapy. In order to provide additional guidance to cardiologists, many research groups are investigating the possibility to plan such therapies based on biophysical models of the heart. The hypothesis is that one may combine anatomical and functional data to build patient-specific cardiac models that could have the potential to predict the benefits of different therapies. Cardiac electromechanical simulations are based on computational models that can represent the heart geometry, motion and electrophysiology patterns during a cardiac cycle with sufficient accuracy. Integration of anatomical, mechanical and electrophysiological information for a given subject is essential to build such models.In this thesis, we first introduce the geometry, kinematics and electrophysiology personalizations that are necessary inputs to mechanical modeling. We propose to use the Bestel-Cl'ement-Sorine electromechanical model of the heart, which is sufficiently accurate without being over-parametrized for the available data. We start by presenting a new implementation of this model in an efficient opensource framework for interactive medical simulation and we analyze the resulting simulations through a complete sensitivity analysis.In a second step, the goal is to personalize the mechanical parameters from medical images (MRI data). To this end, we first propose an automatic calibration algorithm that estimates global mechanical parameters from volume and pressure curves. This technique was tested on 7 volunteers and 2 heart failure cases and allowed to perform a preliminary specificity study that intends to determine the relevant parameters able to differentiate the pathological cases from the control cases.Once initialized with the calibrated values, the parameters are then locally personalized with a more complex optimization algorithm. Reduced Order Unscented Kalman Filtering is used to estimate the contractilities on all of the AHA zones of the Left Ventricle, matching the regional volumes extracted from cine MRI data. This personalization strategy was validated and tested on several pathological and healthy cases. These contributions have led to promising results through this thesis and some are already used for various research studies
Cortet, Marion. "Construction et validation des modèles de prédiction : étude des utilités." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10197.
Повний текст джерелаMedicine asks for prediction. Prediction is needed at different point in the management of a patient. To take the best decision as possible for complementary exams, or therapeutics. Prediction gives an information to the practitioner and the patient, to take a decision. To build these prediction models, we have data bases. The association between clinical or biological data and the outcome probability can be estimated thanks to these data bases. To measure these associations, logistic regression models are used. They are estimated with maximum likelihood method. To evaluate these models, different criteria exist. These criteria quantify adequacy, discrimination capacity, calibration. These models help to take a decision. Prediction errors lead to decision errors. Consequences of these decisions are measurable with utility theory. Therefore, it is a criteria that measure utility of a model that enables us to select the most useful model. Prediction model building is an important point in obstetrics. Indeed, in case of postpartum haemorrhage, it is important to prevent worsening of the clinical situation, and therefore, to identify patient who will worsen fastly. Fibrinogen level was studied as a predictor of severe postpartum haemorrhage. Clinical variables availables at diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage was then studied. In case of preterm premature rupture of membranes, there is a decision to take, between two choices that may lead to maternal of neonatal morbidity: preterm birth and chorioamnionitis risk with pregnancy continuation. Markers of chorioamnionitis risk may help the practitioners for decision making, by increasing the information. More and more prediction models are developed in all clinical situations. We must be critical before using these models in real life. Their evaluation must take into account their use, and therefore, their utility in case of decision making
Marchesseau, Stéphanie. "Simulation de modèles personnalisés du coeur pour la prédiction de thérapies cardiaques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00820082.
Повний текст джерелаTemanni, Mohamed Ramzi. "Combinaison de sources de données pour l'amélioration de la prédiction en apprentissage : une application à la prédiction de la perte de poids chez l'obèse à partir de données transcriptomiques et cliniques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814513.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Corroller Thomas. "Altérations de la structure osseuse de l'extrémité proximale du fémur : Analyse en imagerie médicale, étude biomécanique, et application à la prédiction du risque fracturaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4010.
Повний текст джерелаFracture of the proximal femur and hip osteoarthritis are nowadays a major public health problem in elderly persons. The current definition of osteoporosis is a low bone mass associated with microarchitecture deterioration. On the other hand, osteoarthritis corresponds to progressive articular cartilage loss, subchondral bone sclerosis, subchondral bone cysts, and marginal osteophytes. Although a higher bone mass may increase the risk of osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and hip osteoarthritis present a complex metabolic and biomechanical relationship. The proximal femur architectural evaluation and characterization of age-related osseous alterations are currently one of the main challenges in bone and mineral research. Our work was based on a multidisciplinary project which aimed at evaluating the age-related structural deterioration of the proximal femur using medical imaging and biomechanical testing in this crucial anatomical region
Bellón, Molina Víctor. "Prédiction personalisée des effets secondaires indésirables de médicaments." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM023/document.
Повний текст джерелаAdverse drug reaction (ADR) is a serious concern that has important health and economical repercussions. Between 1.9%-2.3% of the hospitalized patients suffer from ADR, and the annual cost of ADR have been estimated to be of 400 million euros in Germany alone. Furthermore, ADRs can cause the withdrawal of a drug from the market, which can cause up to millions of dollars of losses to the pharmaceutical industry.Multiple studies suggest that genetic factors may play a role in the response of the patients to their treatment. This covers not only the response in terms of the intended main effect, but also % according toin terms of potential side effects. The complexity of predicting drug response suggests that machine learning could bring new tools and techniques for understanding ADR.In this doctoral thesis, we study different problems related to drug response prediction, based on the genetic characteristics of patients.We frame them through multitask machine learning frameworks, which combine all data available for related problems in order to solve them at the same time.We propose a novel model for multitask linear prediction that uses task descriptors to select relevant features and make predictions with better performance as state-of-the-art algorithms. Finally, we study strategies for increasing the stability of the selected features, in order to improve interpretability for biological applications
Emam, Mohammed. "Prédiction des facteurs de risque conduisant à l'emphysème chez l'homme par utilisation de techniques diagnostiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00698101.
Повний текст джерелаGiacalone, Mathilde. "Traitement et simulation d’images d’IRM de perfusion pour la prédiction de l’évolution de la lésion ischémique dans l’accident vasculaire cérébral." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1194/document.
Повний текст джерелаStroke – a neurological deficit resulting from blood supply perturbations in the brain – is a major public health issue, representing the third cause of death in industrialized countries. There is a need to improve the identification of patients eligible to the different therapies, as well as the evaluation of the benefit-risk ratio for the patients. In this context, perfusion Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC)-MRI, a prominent imaging modality for the assessment of cerebral perfusion, can help to identify the tissues at risk of infarction from the benign oligaemia. However, the entire pipeline from the acquisition to the analysis and interpretation of a DSC-MRI remains complex and some limitations are still to be overcome. During this PhD work, we contribute to improving the DSC-MRI processing pipeline with the ultimate objective of ameliorating the prediction of the ischemic lesion evolution in stroke. In a first part, we primarily work on the step of temporal signal deconvolution, one of the steps key to the improvement of DSC-MRI. This step consists in the resolution of an inverse ill-posed problem and allows the computation of hemodynamic parameters which are important biomarkers for tissue fate classification in stroke. In order to compare objectively the performances of existing deconvolution algorithms and to validate new ones, it is necessary to have access to information on the ground truth after deconvolution. To this end, we developed a numerical simulator of DSC MRI with automatically generated ground truth. This simulator is used to demonstrate the feasability of a full automation of regularization parameters tuning and to establish the robustness of a recent deconvolution algorithm with spatio-temporal regularization. We then propose a new globally convergent deconvolution algorithm. Then, this first part ends with a discussion on another processing step in the DSC-MRI pipeline, the normalisation of the hemodynamic parameters maps extracted from the deconvolved images. In a second part, we work on the prediction of the evolution of the tissue state from longitudinal MRI data. We first demonstrate the interest of modeling longitudinal MRI studies in stroke as a communication channel where information theory provides useful tools to identify the hemodynamic parameters maps carrying the highest predictive information, determine the spatial observation scales providing the optimal predictivity for tissue classification as well as estimate the impact of noise in prediction studies. We then demonstrate the interest of injecting shape descriptors of the ischemic lesion in acute stage in a linear regression model for the prediction of the final infarct volume. We finally propose a classifier of tissue fate based on local binary pattern for the encoding of the spatio-temporal evolution of the perfusion MRI signals
Emam, Mohammed. "Prédiction des facteurs de risque conduisant à l’emphysème chez l’homme par utilisation de techniques diagnostiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112081/document.
Повний текст джерелаChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) refers to a group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it increasingly difficult for you to breathe. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two main conditions that make up COPD, but COPD can also refer to damage caused by chronic asthmatic bronchitis. Pulmonary emphysema is defined as a lung disease characterized by “abnormal enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal, non-respiratory bronchiole, accompanied by destructive changes of the alveolar walls”. These lung parenchymal changes are pathognomonic for emphysema. Chronic bronchitis is a form of bronchitis characterized by excess production of sputum leading to a chronic cough and obstruction of air flow. In all cases, damage to your airways eventually interferes with the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your lungs. Habitual techniques of emphysema’s diagnosis are based on indirect features, such as clinical examination; Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) and subjective visual evaluation of CT scans. These tests are of limited value in assessing mild to moderate emphysema. The presented work discusses the possibility of applying a nonlinear analysis approach on air density distribution within lung airways tree at any level of branching. Computed Tomography (CT) source images of the lung are subjected to two phases of treatment in order to produce a fractal coefficient of the air density distribution. In the first phase, raw pixel values from source images, corresponding to all possible air densities, are processed by a software tool, developed in order to, construct a product image. This is done through Cascading Elimination of Unwanted Elements (CEUE): a preprocessing analysis step of the source image. It identifies values of air density within the airways tree, while eliminating all non-air-density values. Then, during the second phase, in an iterative manner, a process of Resolution Diminution Iterations (RDI) takes place. Every resolution reduction produces a new resultant histogram. A resultant histogram is composed of a number of peaks, each of which corresponding to a cluster of air densities. A curve is plotted for each resolution reduction versus the number of peaks counted at this particular resolution. It permits the calculation of the fractal dimension from the regression slope of log-log power law plot
Dousteyssier, Boris. "Construction d’un modèle morpho mécanique du genou pour la prédiction des conséquences d’une action thérapeutique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02869689.
Повний текст джерелаKnee degradation and pain when developing osteoarthritis are strongly related not only to the pressure on the cartilage, but also to the knee stability and to the subsequent loadings on the ligaments. Here, we propose a mixed approach, both using medical imaging (MRI, EOS X-ray system) and force platform in conjunction with a finite element model.Two finite element model were created, focusing on the passive stability of the knee while modelling an experiment: the acquisition of the movement of climbing a step decomposed in 4 static EOS images. To do so, a geometric model of the subject’s knee have been fused on the bone physiological positions obtained by EOS imaging. The FEA was carried out according to the experimental boundary conditions so as to ensure the global knee mechanical equilibrium. This allow the model to be validated by comparing its numerical results with the EOS data. This model will reveal the roles of the ligaments during the knee flexion and give pressure maps on the cartilages.For low flexion angles, both models’ results concord well with the experimental data: the bones are in their physiological position once the mechanical equilibrium reached. For higher flexion angles the results are satisfying and promising, showing clear ways to improve the models
Nguyên, Tri Long. "Inférence causale, modélisation prédictive et décision médicale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT028.
Повний текст джерелаMedical decision-making is defined by the choice of treatment of illness, which attempts to maximize the healthcare benefit, given a probable outcome. The choice of a treatment must be therefore based on a scientific evidence. It refers to a problem of estimating the treatment effect. In a first part, we present, discuss and propose causal inference methods for estimating the treatment effect using experimental or observational designs. However, the evidences provided by these approaches are established at the population level, not at the individual level. Foreknowing the patient’s probability of outcome is essential for adapting a clinical decision. In a second part, we present the approach of predictive modeling, which provided a leap forward in personalized medicine. Predictive models give the patient’s prognosis at baseline and then let the clinician decide on treatment. This approach is therefore limited, as the choice of treatment is still based on evidences stated at the overall population level. In a third part, we propose an original method for estimating the individual treatment effect, by combining causal inference and predictive modeling. Whether a treatment is foreseen, our approach allows the clinician to foreknow and compare both the patient’s prognosis without treatment and the patient’s prognosis with treatment. Within this thesis, we present a series of eight articles
Gaddari, Abdelhamid. "Analysis and Prediction of Patient Pathways in the Context of Supplemental Health Insurance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10299.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis work falls into the category of healthcare informatics research, specifically the analysis and prediction of patients’ care pathways, which are the sequences of medical services consumed by patients over time. Our aim is to propose an innovative approach for the exploitation of patient care trajectory data in order to achieve not only binary, but also multi-label classification. We also design a new sentence embedding framework exclusively for the french medical domain, which will harness another view of the patients’ care pathways in order to enhance the predictive performance of our proposed approach. Our research is part of the work of CEGEDIM ASSURANCES, a business unit of the CEGEDIM Group that provides software and services for the french supplementary healthcare insurance and risk management sectors. By analyzing the patient care pathway and leveraging our proposed approach, we can extract valuable insights and identify patterns within the patients’ medical journeys in order to predict potential medical events or upcoming medical consumption. This will allow insurers to forecast future healthcare claims and therefore negotiate better rates with healthcare providers, allowing for accurate financial planning, fair pricing models and cost reductions. Furthermore, it enables private healthcare insurers to design personalized health plans that meet the specific needs of the patients, ensuring they receive the right care at the right time to prevent disease progression. Ultimately, offering preventive care programs and customized health products and services enhances client relationship, improving their satisfaction and reducing churn. In this work, we aim to develop an approach to analyze patient care pathways and predict medical events or upcoming treatments, based on a large portfolio of reimbursed medical records. To achieve this goal, we first propose a new time-aware long-short term memory based framework that can achieve both binary and multi-label classification. The proposed framework is then extended with another aspect of the patient healthcare trajectories, namely additional information from a fuzzy clustering of the same portfolio. We show that our proposed approach outperforms traditional and deep learning methods in medical binary and multi-label prediction. Subsequently, we enhance the predictive performance of our proposed approach by exploiting a supplementary view of the patient care pathways that consists of a detailed textual description of the consumed medical treatments. This is achieved through the design of F-BERTMed, a new sentence embedding framework for the french medical domain that presents significant advantages over the natural language processing (NLP) state-of-the-art methods. F-BERTMed is based on FlauBERT, whose pre-training using MLM (Masked Language Modeling) was extended on french medical texts before being fine-tuned on NLI (Natural Language Inference) and STS (Semantic Textual Similarity) tasks. We finally show that using F-BERTMed to generate a new representation of the patient care pathways enhances the performance of our proposed medical predictive framework on both binary and multi-label classification tasks
Cissoko, Mamadou Ben Hamidou. "Adaptive time-aware LSTM for predicting and interpreting ICU patient trajectories from irregular data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAD012.
Повний текст джерелаIn personalized predictive medicine, accurately modeling a patient's illness and care processes is crucial due to the inherent long-term temporal dependencies. However, Electronic Health Records (EHRs) often consist of episodic and irregularly timed data, stemming from sporadic hospital admissions, which create unique patterns for each hospital stay. Consequently, constructing a personalized predictive model necessitates careful consideration of these factors to accurately capture the patient's health journey and assist in clinical decision-making. LSTM networks are effective for handling sequential data like EHRs, but they face two significant limitations: the inability to interpret prediction results and to take into account irregular time intervals between consecutive events. To address limitations, we introduce novel deep dynamic memory neural networks called Multi-Way Adaptive and Adaptive Multi-Way Interpretable Time-Aware LSTM (MWTA-LSTM and AMITA) designed for irregularly collected sequential data. The primary objective of both models is to leverage medical records to memorize illness trajectories and care processes, estimate current illness states, and predict future risks, thereby providing a high level of precision and predictive power
Lemitre, Eric. "Problèmes bioéthiques liés à la médecine prédictive." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P168.
Повний текст джерелаSun, Roger. "Utilisation de méthodes radiomiques pour la prédiction des réponses à l’immunothérapie et combinaisons de radioimmunothérapie chez des patients atteints de cancers Radiomics to Assess Tumor Infiltrating CD8 T-Cells and Response to Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy in Cancer Patients: An Imaging Biomarker Multi-Cohort Study Imagerie médicale computationnelle (radiomique) et potentiel en immuno-oncologie Radiomics to Predict Outcomes and Abscopal Response of Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy Combined with Radiotherapy Using a Validated Signature of CD8 Cells." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL023.
Повний текст джерелаWith the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy has profoundly changed the therapeutic strategy of many cancers. However, despite constant therapeutic progress and combinations of treatments such as radiotherapy and immunotherapy, the majority of patients treated do not benefit from these treatments. This explains the importance of research into innovative biomarkers of response to immunotherapyComputational medical imaging, known as radiomics, analyzes and translates medical images into quantitative data with the assumption that imaging reflects not only tissue architecture, but also cellular and molecular composition. This allows an in-depth characterization of tumors, with the advantage of being non-invasive allowing evaluation of tumor and its microenvironment, spatial heterogeneity characterization and longitudinal assessment of disease evolution.Here, we evaluated whether a radiomic approach could be used to assess tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and whether it could be associated with the response of patients treated with immunotherapy. In a second step, we evaluated the association of this radiomic signature with clinical response of patients treated with radiotherapy and immunotherapy, and we assessed whether it could be used to assess tumor spatial heterogeneity.The specific challenges raised by high-dimensional imaging data in the development of clinically applicable predictive tools are discussed in this thesis
Rosenfeld, Frédérique. "Ethique en médecine du travail, aptitude médicale au travail et tests génétiques : réflexions sur l'introduction des tests prédictifs en médecine du travail." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05N023.
Повний текст джерелаJeancolas, Laetitia. "Détection précoce de la maladie de Parkinson par l'analyse de la voix et corrélations avec la neuroimagerie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLL019.
Повний текст джерелаVocal impairments, known as hypokinetic dysarthria, are one of the first symptoms to appear in Parkinson's Disease (PD). A large number of articles exist on PD detection through voice analysis, but few have focused on the early stages of the disease. Furthermore, to our knowledge, no study had been published on remote PD detection via speech transmitted through the telephone channel. The aim of this PhD work was to study vocal changes in PD at early and preclinical stages, and develop automatic detection and monitoring models. The long-term purpose is to build a cheap early diagnosis and monitoring tool, that doctors could use at their office, and even more interestingly, that could be used remotely with any telephone. The first step was to build a large voice database with more than 200 French speakers, including early PD patients, healthy controls and idiopathic Rapid eye movement sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD) subjects, who can be considered at PD preclinical stage. All these subjects performed different vocal tasks and were recorded with a professional microphone and with the internal microphone of a computer. Moreover, they called once a month an interactive voice server, with their own phone. We studied the effect of microphone quality, speech tasks, gender, and classification analysis methodologies. We analyzed the vocal recordings with three different analysis methods, covering different time scale analyses. We started with cepstral coefficients and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). Then we adapted x-vectors methodology (which never had been used in PD detection) and finally we extracted global features classified with Support Vector Machine (SVM). We detected vocal impairments at PD early and preclinical stages in articulation, prosody, speech flow and rhythmic abilities. With the professional microphone recordings, we obtained an accuracy (Acc) of 89% for male early PD detection, just using 6min of reading, free speech, fast and slow syllable repetitions. As for women, we reached Acc = 70% with 1min of free speech. With the telephone recordings, we achieved Acc = 75% for men, with 5min of rapid syllable repetitions, and 67% for women, with 5min of free speech. These results are an important first step towards early PD telediagnosis. We also studied correlations with neuroimaging, and we were able to linearly predict DatScan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) neuromelanin sensitive data, from a set of vocal features, in a significant way. This latter result is promising regarding the possible future use of voice for early PD monitoring
Boussaid, Haithem. "Efficient inference and learning in graphical models for multi-organ shape segmentation." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0002/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explores the use of discriminatively trained deformable contour models (DCMs) for shape-based segmentation in medical images. We make contributions in two fronts: in the learning problem, where the model is trained from a set of annotated images, and in the inference problem, whose aim is to segment an image given a model. We demonstrate the merit of our techniques in a large X-Ray image segmentation benchmark, where we obtain systematic improvements in accuracy and speedups over the current state-of-the-art. For learning, we formulate training the DCM scoring function as large-margin structured prediction and construct a training objective that aims at giving the highest score to the ground-truth contour configuration. We incorporate a loss function adapted to DCM-based structured prediction. In particular, we consider training with the Mean Contour Distance (MCD) performance measure. Using this loss function during training amounts to scoring each candidate contour according to its Mean Contour Distance to the ground truth configuration. Training DCMs using structured prediction with the standard zero-one loss already outperforms the current state-of-the-art method [Seghers et al. 2007] on the considered medical benchmark [Shiraishi et al. 2000, van Ginneken et al. 2006]. We demonstrate that training with the MCD structured loss further improves over the generic zero-one loss results by a statistically significant amount. For inference, we propose efficient solvers adapted to combinatorial problems with discretized spatial variables. Our contributions are three-fold:first, we consider inference for loopy graphical models, making no assumption about the underlying graph topology. We use an efficient decomposition-coordination algorithm to solve the resulting optimization problem: we decompose the model’s graph into a set of open, chain-structured graphs. We employ the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to fix the potential inconsistencies of the individual solutions. Even-though ADMMis an approximate inference scheme, we show empirically that our implementation delivers the exact solution for the considered examples. Second,we accelerate optimization of chain-structured graphical models by using the Hierarchical A∗ search algorithm of [Felzenszwalb & Mcallester 2007] couple dwith the pruning techniques developed in [Kokkinos 2011a]. We achieve a one order of magnitude speedup in average over the state-of-the-art technique based on Dynamic Programming (DP) coupled with Generalized DistanceTransforms (GDTs) [Felzenszwalb & Huttenlocher 2004]. Third, we incorporate the Hierarchical A∗ algorithm in the ADMM scheme to guarantee an efficient optimization of the underlying chain structured subproblems. The resulting algorithm is naturally adapted to solve the loss-augmented inference problem in structured prediction learning, and hence is used during training and inference. In Appendix A, we consider the case of 3D data and we develop an efficientmethod to find the mode of a 3D kernel density distribution. Our algorithm has guaranteed convergence to the global optimum, and scales logarithmically in the volume size by virtue of recursively subdividing the search space. We use this method to rapidly initialize 3D brain tumor segmentation where we demonstrate substantial acceleration with respect to a standard mean-shift implementation. In Appendix B, we describe in more details our extension of the Hierarchical A∗ search algorithm of [Felzenszwalb & Mcallester 2007] to inference on chain-structured graphs
Ketata, Firas. "Risk prediction of endocrine diseases using data science and explainable artificial intelligence." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCD022.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to predict the risk of endocrine diseases using data science and machine learning. The aim is to leverage this risk identification to assist doctors in managing financial resources, personalizing the treatment of carbohydrate anomalies in patients with beta-thalassemia major, and screening for metabolic syndrome in adolescents. An explainability study of the predictions was developed in this thesis to evaluate the reliability of predicting glucose anomalies and to reduce the financial burden associated with screening for metabolic syndrome. Finally, in response to the observed limitations of explainable machine learning, we propose an approach to improve and evaluate this explainability, which we test on several datasets
Ginhoux, Romuald. "Compensation des mouvements physiologiques en chirurgie robotisée par commande prédictive." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004633.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Hajj Karnib Amal. "Etude des événements iatrogènes médicamenteux hémorragiques au sein des deux services d'urgence : élaboration d'un outil de prédiction de risque." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10118.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective ofthis study is to identifY prospectively the adverse drug events related to oral anticoagulation and non steroidal anti-infIammatory drugs in patients who visited the emergency department. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the medication treatment of patient, his knowledge, his attitude, his compliance, and bis therapeutic education, the description of hemorrhagic adverse drug events and the characteristic of outpatient to identify the reason ofhemorrhagic events. Many risk factors were identified and figurate in two dimensions : characteristics of patient witch we can 't move like age of patients and characteristics of care witch we cau suggest a preventive mies like the wrong professional practices. Classification and regression trees are built and clinical decision mies such as "IF inappropriate dose AND one or more risk factor, THEN classification of patient at low-risk, middle-risk or bigh-risk". 7 simply and easy factors to recuperate were enough for prediction of hemorrhage adverse drug events related to oral anticoagulation. This step seems applied in the study of adverse drug events related to other drugs and to evaluate many interven
Charon, Clara. "Classification probabiliste pour la prédiction et l'explication d'événements de santé défavorables et évitables en EHPAD." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS200.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNursing homes, which provide housing for dependent elderly people,are an option used by a large and growing population when, for a variety of reasons, including health, it is no longer possible for them to live at home.With the development of new information technologies in the health sector, an increasing number of health care facilities are equipped with information systems that group together administrative and medical data of patients as well as information on the care they receive. Among these systems, electronic health records (EHRs) have emerged as essential tools, providing quick and easy access to patient information in order to improve the quality and safety of care.We use the anonymized data of the EHRs from NETSoins, a software widely used in nursing homes in France, to propose and analyze classifiers capable of predicting several adverse health events in the elderly that are potentially modifiable by appropriate health interventions. Our approach focuses in particular on the use of methods that can provide explanations, such as probabilistic graphical models, including Bayesian networks.After a complex preprocessing step to adapt event-based data into data suitable for statistical learning while preserving their medical coherence, we have developed a learning method applied in three probabilistic classification experiments using Bayesian networks, targeting different events: the risk of occurrence of the first pressure ulcer, the risk of emergency hospitalization upon the resident's entry into the nursing home, and the risk of fracture in the first months of housing.For each target, we have compared the performance of our Bayesian network classifier according to various criteria with other machine learning methods as well as with the practices currently used in nursing homes to predict these risks. We have also compared the results of the Bayesian networks with clinical expertise.This study demonstrates the possibility of predicting these events from the data already collected in routine by caregivers, thus paving the way for new predictive tools that can be integrated directly into the software already used by these professionals
Wandeto, John Mwangi. "Self-organizing map quantization error approach for detecting temporal variations in image sets." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD025/document.
Повний текст джерелаA new approach for image processing, dubbed SOM-QE, that exploits the quantization error (QE) from self-organizing maps (SOM) is proposed in this thesis. SOM produce low-dimensional discrete representations of high-dimensional input data. QE is determined from the results of the unsupervised learning process of SOM and the input data. SOM-QE from a time-series of images can be used as an indicator of changes in the time series. To set-up SOM, a map size, the neighbourhood distance, the learning rate and the number of iterations in the learning process are determined. The combination of these parameters that gives the lowest value of QE, is taken to be the optimal parameter set and it is used to transform the dataset. This has been the use of QE. The novelty in SOM-QE technique is fourfold: first, in the usage. SOM-QE employs a SOM to determine QE for different images - typically, in a time series dataset - unlike the traditional usage where different SOMs are applied on one dataset. Secondly, the SOM-QE value is introduced as a measure of uniformity within the image. Thirdly, the SOM-QE value becomes a special, unique label for the image within the dataset and fourthly, this label is used to track changes that occur in subsequent images of the same scene. Thus, SOM-QE provides a measure of variations within the image at an instance in time, and when compared with the values from subsequent images of the same scene, it reveals a transient visualization of changes in the scene of study. In this research the approach was applied to artificial, medical and geographic imagery to demonstrate its performance. Changes that occur in geographic scenes of interest, such as new buildings being put up in a city or lesions receding in medical images are of interest to scientists and engineers. The SOM-QE technique provides a new way for automatic detection of growth in urban spaces or the progressions of diseases, giving timely information for appropriate planning or treatment. In this work, it is demonstrated that SOM-QE can capture very small changes in images. Results also confirm it to be fast and less computationally expensive in discriminating between changed and unchanged contents in large image datasets. Pearson's correlation confirmed that there was statistically significant correlations between SOM-QE values and the actual ground truth data. On evaluation, this technique performed better compared to other existing approaches. This work is important as it introduces a new way of looking at fast, automatic change detection even when dealing with small local changes within images. It also introduces a new method of determining QE, and the data it generates can be used to predict changes in a time series dataset
Hostettler, Alexandre. "Modélisation et simulation patient-dépendante, préopératoire, prédictive, et temps-réel du mouvement des organes de l'abdomen induit par la respiration libre." Strasbourg 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13218.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this PhD thesis is to model and simulate in real-time the viscera motion during free breathing using a 3D CT acquisition. Indeed, many medical applications (radiotherapy) do not compensate variations in organ position and lead potentially to ill adapted treatments. We use a deformation field computed from the knowledge of the skin position (optical tracking) and a patient specific modelling of the diaphragm (from 3D CT acquisitions in inhale and exhale position). Viscera are assimilated to a single incompressible entity sliding along the peritonea and the pleurae. The originality of the method is to take the cranio-caudal viscera motion into account, as well as the anteroposterior and lateral motion due to the asymmetry of the motion. The new viscera position is computed at 50 Hz, and its accuracy has been evaluated on two patients within 2 and 3 mm
Sauvée, Mickaël. "Contribution à l'aide aux gestes pour la chirurgie cardiaque à coeur battant : guidage échographique par asservissement prédictif non linéaire." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129494.
Повний текст джерелаCailhol, Lionel. "Facteurs de soins prédictifs du devenir des patients avec trouble de personnalité borderline." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066245.
Повний текст джерелаTran, Ngoc Hoang. "Extension et validation de l’outil Geant4 dans le cadre du projet Geant4-DNA pour la prédiction des dommages biologiques radio-induits à l’échelle cellulaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14575/document.
Повний текст джерелаA large experimental and modeling activity is currently taking place, aimed at better understanding the biological effects of ionizing radiation at the molecular scales. Considerable amounts of experimental data have been accumulated over the past decades in order to measure quantities such as macroscopic cellular survival curves and DNA strand damages after irradiation. In parallel, computer codes have been proposed to use a stochastic approach based on Monte Carlo technique to model physical interaction in the irradiated medium. The Geant4 toolkit uses the object-oriented technology (C++) to describing particle-matter interactions, such as bio-medical physics and space physics, from sub-micrometer cells up to planetary scales. Geant4-DNA project is included in the Geant4 toolkit and benefits from the easy accessibility of the Geant4 code for the development of a computing platform allowing estimation effects of ionizing radiations. In my thesis, firstly, I have contributed in the project the validation of various models with the experimental data collections extracted from the recent literature. A good agreement between total and differential cross section values corresponding to each available Geant4-DNA model and experimental data is validated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov testing. Secondly, I have improved elastic scattering process and working on the calculation of the DDCS for proton elastic scattering in water in the Geant4-DNA. In addition, I have combined Geant4 electromagnetic processes with the Geant4-DNA. This combination brought additional Geant4 simulation capabilities in complement of the possibility to combine Geant4-DNA models with other Geant4 electromagnetic models at different sizes and energy scales in a single simulation application. Finally, we have presented the usage of Geant4-DNA physics processes in nanometer-size targets fully implemented in a single Geant4 application. The frequencies of the deposited energy and number of direct DNA single strand break and double strand break in the simplified nucleus model are compared with other codes results and with a collection of experimental data on direct DNA dimensions on plasmid DNA. Furthermore I have implemented in Geant4-DNA theoretical cross sections of physics processes based on a Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) approach for modeling the detailed transport of protons and neutral hydrogen atoms in liquid water and in DNA nucleobases
Haddadi, Ahmed Zine El Abidine. "Construction d’un score prédictif du risque nosocomial pour des patients de réanimation." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S039/document.
Повний текст джерелаLimiting nosocomial infections is still a health challenge although the technical development has improved. They are inherent in medical care and the health care services have the highest prevalence. Indeed, whatever the service (surgical, medical or both), the patients life-giving process is under attack because of the emergence of one or several organ faillures;This generates a diagnostic and therapeutic arsenal which is often invasive.Among the consequences resulting from these infections we will take into account :i) a longer stay in hospitalii) an extra costiii) a higher mortality rateiv) bacterial resistance .If we could anticipate upstream and downstream this issue with complex origins and sometimes fatal consequences, it would be a major asset for patients and a strategic tool for medical teams.The present study is organized in three parts, and first focusses onto the identification of the nosocomial event and death risk factors in intensive care where the study took place. We took into account the the case-mix of the intensive care unit in the TIMONE University Hospital. The study was made with two different statistic methods that is logistic regression and the competitive risks method.The next step first consisted in comparing the predictive capacities of the APACHE II, LOD, SOFA and SAPS II scores in nosocomial patients hospitalized in intensive care . Then it tried to determine if the variation of the LOD, SOFA, APACHEII and SAPS II scores was a prognostic risk factor.Results showed that the best predictive performance was objectively measured by the SOFA and that only the variation of this score between the first day in hospital and the day of the diagnosis of a nosocomial infection, calculated thanks to the AUC, could be predictive of a nosocomal risk. After these steps, and with the results calculated , the construction of a predictive score could be established thanks to the logistic regression method. The objective of this score is to help, or even influence the prescribing doctors when they take decisions or when they try to adjust their therapeutic practices
Chabert, Isabelle. "Développement et validation d’un modèle de sources virtuelles adapté à la prédiction d’images EPID pour le contrôle qualité des traitements de RCMI." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112016/document.
Повний текст джерелаAdvanced techniques used in radiotherapy for cancer treatment, such as Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), require extensive verification procedures to ensure the correct dose delivery. Electronic Portal Imaging Devices (EPIDs) are widely used for quality assurance in radiotherapy, and also for dosimetric verifications. For this latter application, the images obtained during the treatment session can be compared to a pre-calculated reference image in order to highlight dose delivery errors. The quality control performance depends (1) on the accuracy of the pre-calculated reference image (2) on the ability of the tool used to compare images to detect errors. These two key points were studied during this PhD work. We chose to use a Monte Carlo (MC)-based method developed in the laboratory and based on the DPGLM (Dirichlet process generalized linear model) denoising technique to predict high-resolution reference images. A model of the studied linear accelerator (linac Synergy, Elekta, Crawley, UK) was first developed using the PENELOPE MC codes, and then commissioned using measurements acquired in the Hôpital Nord of Marseille. A 71 Go phase space file (PSF) stored under the flattening filter was then analyzed to build a new kind of virtual source model based on correlated histograms (200 Mo). This new and compact VSM is as much accurate as the PSF to calculate dose distributions in water if histogram sampling is based on adaptive method. The associated EPID modelling in PENELOPE suggests that hypothesis about linac primary source were too simple and should be reconsidered. The use of the VSM to predict high-resolution portal images however led to excellent results. The VSM associated to the linac and EPID MC models were used to detect errors in IMRT treatment plans. A preliminary study was conducted introducing on purpose treatment errors in portal image calculations (primary source parameters, phantom position and morphology changes). The γ-index commonly used in clinical routine appears to be less effective than the χ-index. A future in-depth study will be dedicated to determine error detection threshold according to their nature and to evaluate other comparison test robustness. The developed portal image prediction method associated to robust analysis tools will then constitute an adapted way to assure treatment quality control
Fongang, Léon. "Aspects prédictifs des interactions tissus-implant par analyses multi-échelles en imagerie : mise en évidence intraleucocytaires de microtextures décrivant un champ aléatoire markovien." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE4707.
Повний текст джерелаHuman bone and hematologic celle textures are evaluated by the way of fittes biomedical image and signal processsing operators. In the present work, we report a set of algorithmic procedures leading to : 1) a mathematical modeling « cell memory ». That model i related to homogeneity variations associated to the metabolic states which characterize the cell life inside « energetic bands ». The second order statistical means of blood cell microscopic textures agree with those resulting form the markovian random field. 2) A morphological and textural cell classification based on the concept of « field ray-vectorrs » (CRV). Inside that CRV, the micro- and macroscopic aspects of the cell specificities are taken into account fot the contour determination. An indexing method of « Ray Vectors » (RV) leads to a « fictive » (not physically) reorientation of objects, the specific algorithms of rotations and tranlations being excluded. Matched RV give a « shape-signal » (SF) in relation to each object and leads to quantify the degree of similarity between objects. 3) A new concept found upon the morphological multi-scale analysis allowing the quantification of periimplant texture homogeneity and, the predictive evaluations of bone tissue evolutions during the regeneration r after normal or abnormal restructuration which can be more or less altered
Wang, Yuan. "Heart rate variability and respiration signals as late onset sepsis diagnostic tools in neonatal intensive care units." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S106/document.
Повний текст джерелаLate-onset sepsis, defined as a systemic infection in neonates older than 3 days, occurs in approximately 10% of all neonates and in more than 25% of very low birth weight infants who are hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Recurrent and severe spontaneous apneas and bradycardias (AB) is one of the major clinical early indicators of systemic infection in the premature infant. Various hematological and biochemical markers have been evaluated for this indication but they are invasive procedures that cannot be repeated several times. The objective of this Ph.D dissertation was to determine if heart rate variability (HRV), respiration and the analysis of their relationships help to the diagnosis of infection in premature infants via non-invasive ways in NICU. Therefore, we carried out Mono-Channel (MC) and Bi-Channel (BC) Analysis in two selected groups of premature infants: sepsis (S) vs. non-sepsis (NS). (1) Firstly, we studied the RR series not only by distribution methods (moy, varn, skew, kurt, med, SpAs), by linear methods: time domain (SD, RMSSD) and frequency domain (p_VLF, p_LF, p_HF), but also by non-linear methods: chaos theory (alphaS, alphaF) and information theory (AppEn, SamEn, PermEn, Regul). For each method, we attempt three sizes of window 1024/2048/4096, and then compare these methods in order to find the optimal ways to distinguish S from NS. The results show that alphaS, alphaF and SamEn are optimal parameters to recognize sepsis from the diagnosis of late neonatal infection in premature infants with unusual and recurrent AB. (2) The question about the functional coupling of HRV and nasal respiration is addressed. Linear and non-linear relationships have been explored. Linear indexes were correlation (r²), coherence function (Cohere) and time-frequency index (r2t,f), while a non-linear regression coefficient (h²) was used to analyze non-linear relationships. We calculated two directions during evaluate the index h2 of non-linear regression. Finally, from the entire analysis process, it is obvious that the three indexes (r2tf_rn_raw_0p2_0p4, h2_rn_raw and h2_nr_raw) were complementary ways to diagnosticate sepsis in a non-invasive way, in such delicate patients.(3) Furthermore, feasibility study is carried out on the candidate parameters selected from MC and BC respectively. We discovered that the proposed test based on optimal fusion of 6 features shows good performance with the largest Area Under Curves (AUC) and the least Probability of False Alarm (PFA). As a conclusion, we believe that the selected measures from MC and BC signal analysis have a good repeatability and accuracy to test for the diagnosis of sepsis via non-invasive NICU monitoring system, which can reliably confirm or refute the diagnosis of infection at an early stage
Broncy, Lucile. "Isolement et caractérisation moléculaire de cellules rares circulantes individuelles : développement de nouvelles approches méthodologiques en oncologie prédictive et diagnostic prénatal." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS391/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this doctoral research project is the development of reliable and reproducible methodological approaches enabling the genetic characterization of circulating rare cells (CRC) isolated by ISET® filtration (Rarecells®, France). The first application developed consists in detecting mutations of the VHL (Von Hippel Lindau) tumor suppressor gene in single CRC isolated from the blood of 30 patients patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), assessed according to the results obtained by cytopathological analysis. In parallel, genetic analysis of VHL mutations was conducted in the corresponding tumor tissues. Results revealed a potential complementarity of the molecular genetic approach targeted to single cells with the reference method of cytopathological analysis and suggested that combining both strategies could improve the sensitivity of circulating cancer cells’ detection in patients with ccRCC. A second application consisted in the development of an innovative approach for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of recessive genetic diseases by analysis of rare trophoblastic cells collected from the cervix. Finally, further developments allowed to optimize high-throughput sequencing analyses and to apply them to single CRC isolated by ISET®. This approach, combined with the isolation of living CRC, enabled us to obtain broader genetic data from the whole exome and should foster innovative applications to both predictive oncology and non-invasive prenatal diagnosis
Lian, Chunfeng. "Information fusion and decision-making using belief functions : application to therapeutic monitoring of cancer." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2333/document.
Повний текст джерелаRadiation therapy is one of the most principal options used in the treatment of malignant tumors. To enhance its effectiveness, two critical issues should be carefully dealt with, i.e., reliably predicting therapy outcomes to adapt undergoing treatment planning for individual patients, and accurately segmenting tumor volumes to maximize radiation delivery in tumor tissues while minimize side effects in adjacent organs at risk. Positron emission tomography with radioactive tracer fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) can noninvasively provide significant information of the functional activities of tumor cells. In this thesis, the goal of our study consists of two parts: 1) to propose reliable therapy outcome prediction system using primarily features extracted from FDG-PET images; 2) to propose automatic and accurate algorithms for tumor segmentation in PET and PET-CT images. The theory of belief functions is adopted in our study to model and reason with uncertain and imprecise knowledge quantified from noisy and blurring PET images. In the framework of belief functions, a sparse feature selection method and a low-rank metric learning method are proposed to improve the classification accuracy of the evidential K-nearest neighbor classifier learnt by high-dimensional data that contain unreliable features. Based on the above two theoretical studies, a robust prediction system is then proposed, in which the small-sized and imbalanced nature of clinical data is effectively tackled. To automatically delineate tumors in PET images, an unsupervised 3-D segmentation based on evidential clustering using the theory of belief functions and spatial information is proposed. This mono-modality segmentation method is then extended to co-segment tumor in PET-CT images, considering that these two distinct modalities contain complementary information to further improve the accuracy. All proposed methods have been performed on clinical data, giving better results comparing to the state of the art ones
Lopes, da Frota Moreira Pedro. "Model based force control for soft tissue interaction and applications in physiological motion compensation." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20179/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe introduction of robotic systems inside the operating room has changed the modern surgery, opening new possibilities to surgeons. The number of robotic systems inside the operation room is increasing every year. The progress of medical robots are associated to the development of new techniques to better control the interaction between the robot and living soft tissues. This thesis focus on the development of a model based force control designed to improve stability and robustness of force control addressed to medical applications. A study of soft tissue modeling is presented and a suitable model to be used in a real-time control is selected. After the analysis, the Kelvin Boltzmann model was chosen to be inserted in the proposed force control scheme based on Active Observers. Stability and robustness are theoretically and experimentally analyzed. The performance of the proposed force control is also investigated under physiological motion disturbances. At the end, to improve the disturbance rejection capability, an extra control loop is added using a disturbance estimation based on the Kelvin Boltzmann model and a Fourier series
Fiot, Jean-Baptiste. "Méthodes mathématiques d'analyse d'image pour les études de population transversales et longitudinales." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952079.
Повний текст джерелаFiot, Jean-Baptiste. "Méthodes mathématiques d’analyse d’image pour les études de population transversales et longitudinales." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090053/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn medicine, large scale population analysis aim to obtain statistical information in order to understand better diseases, identify their risk factors, develop preventive and curative treatments and improve the quality of life of the patients.In this thesis, we first introduce the medical context of Alzheimer’s disease, recall some concepts of statistical learning and the challenges that typically occurwhen applied in medical imaging. The second part focus on cross-sectional studies,i.e. at a single time point. We present an efficient method to classify white matter lesions based on support vector machines. Then we discuss the use of manifoldlearning techniques for image and shape analysis. Finally, we present extensions ofLaplacian eigenmaps to improve the low-dimension representations of patients usingthe combination of imaging and clinical data. The third part focus on longitudinalstudies, i.e. between several time points. We quantify the hippocampus deformations of patients via the large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping frameworkto build disease progression classifiers. We introduce novel strategies and spatialregularizations for the classification and identification of biomarkers
Lu, Pascal. "Statistical Learning from Multimodal Genetic and Neuroimaging data for prediction of Alzheimer's Disease." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS636.
Повний текст джерелаAlzheimer's Disease (AD) is nowadays the main cause of dementia in the world. It provokes memory and behavioural troubles in elderly people. The early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease is an active topic of research. Three different types of data play a major role when it comes to its diagnosis: clinical tests, neuroimaging and genetics. The two first data bring informations concerning the patient's current state. On the contrary, genetic data help to identify whether a patient could develop AD in the future. Furthermore, during the past decade, researchers have created longitudinal dataset on A and important advances for processing and analyse of complex and high-dimensional data have been made. The first contribution of this thesis will be to study how to combine different modalities in order to increase their predictive power in the context of classification. We will focus on hierarchical models that capture potential interactions between modalities. Moreover, we will adequately modelled the structure of each modality (genomic structure, spatial structure for brain images), through the use of adapted penalties such as the ridge penalty for images and the group lasso penalty for genetic data. The second contribution of this thesis will be to explore models for predict the conversion date to Alzheimer's Disease for mild cognitive impairment subjects. Such problematic has been enhanced by the TADPOLE challenge. We will use the framework provided by survival analysis. Starting from basic models such as the Cox proportional hasard model, the additive Aalen model, and the log-logistic model, we will develop other survival models for combining different modalities, such as a multilevel log-logistic model or a multilevel Cox model
Bailly, François. "Optimisation du traitement anti-VHC : place des dosages pharmacologiques et des cinétiques virales à l'ère des antiviraux directs." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10328/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe rapid development of new direct antiviral agents (DAA) against HCV gives hope of more potent and well tolerated treatments. These new compounds will deeply modify therapeutic schedules, virological response prognostic factors and patients’ monitoring. The aim of our work was to define the relevance of ribavirin plasma concentration and viral kinetics monitoring during triple therapy. The study of a prospective cohort including 186 patients under triple therapy showed an SVR12 rate of 60%. Associated predictive factors were IL-28B genotype and previous treatment response. A reversible decrease of glomerular filtration rate was also observed. Ribavirin plasma concentration monitoring reduced hematological risks among patients with renal insufficiency. Early ribavirin plasma exposure showed an underexposure among HIV/HCV patients and ribavirin biodisponibility with severe anemia increased among telaprevir-treated patients. Within the CUPIC cohort, the initial viral load undetectability or decrease up to 50% or 70% at week 2 of triple therapy were predictive of SVR12. Moreover, this week 2 viral load assessment allowed the detection of early viral breakthrough. Ribavirin still plays a major role in current and future therapeutic strategies. Ribavirin monitoring could also be important during future multi-drug therapy that could be associated with drug interactions
Huchon, Cyrille. "Développement d'un autoquestionnaire pour le diagnostic des algies pelviennes aigües." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691369.
Повний текст джерелаCouronné, Raphaël. "Modélisation de la progression de la maladie de Parkinson." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS363.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we developed statistical methods to model disease progression from patient’s repeated measurements, with a focus on Parkinson’s Disease (PD). A key challenge lies in the inherent heterogeneity of PD across patients, to the extent that PD is now suspected to encompass multiple subtypes or motor phenotypes. To gain insights on disease progression, research studies propose to gather a broad range of marker measurements, at multiple timepoints for each patients. These data allow to investigate the disease’s patterns of progression via statistical modeling. In a first part, we modeled the progression of scalar markers of PD. We extended on a disease progression model, namely the longitudinal spatiotemporal model. We then proposed to address data missingness, and to model the joint progression of markers of different nature, such as clinical scores, and scalar measurements extracted on imaging modalities. With this method, we modeled early motor progression in PD, and, in a second work, the heterogeneity of idiopathic PD progression, with a focus on sleep symptoms. In a second, independent, part of the manuscript, we tackled the longitudinal modeling of medical images. For these higher dimensionality data, Deep Learning is often used, but mostly in cross sectional setups, ignoring the possible inner dynamics. We proposed to leverage Deep Learning as a dimensionality reduction tool to build a spatiotemporal coordinate system of disease progression. We first took advantage of this flexibility to handle multimodal data. Then we leveraged the self-supervision induced by assuming monotonicity over time, to offer higher flexibility in modeling temporal variability
Arnaud, Mado. "Interventions précoces en autisme : trajectoires développementales, prédicteurs de la progression et vécu parental." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20011.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by a large heterogeneity at both the level of its etiology and in the developmental course of its core features. In this context, it is worth stressing the need for developing early interventions and evaluate their effects as well as questioning the role of the family.Study 1: This study aims to examine the effect of context on social attention in young children with ASD. Children with ASD look less at the face especially in contexts that are less socially engaging. The present Social attention task may be used as a predictive factor of a child’s progression.Study 2: The objective of this study is to characterize the developmental trajectories of young children who received Early Start Denver model intervention, and to identify factors that may influence their progression. Children show significant improvements in their level of comprehension and expression. Initial level of comprehension is a predictor of children's progress in the field of expressive communication. The social attention task is a predictor of the initial level of social skills.Study 3: In the third study the parental experiences of Parent Mediated Intervention via a telehealth program is explored. Interviews conducted after the program ended indicate that Telehealth may be relevant to the dissemination of Parent Mediated Interventions but caution is also needed as these interventions should not replace early intervention.Conclusion: Heterogeneity in ASD is present from early childhood and is expressed through significant differences in developmental patterns. This heterogeneity is also reflected in the children's response to an intervention. The search for predictive factors and the active ingredients of the intervention is necessary to offer the most individualized support possible. Finally, the support of parents is essential to improve their quality of life, foster their educational practices and to promote paths continuity
Bresson, Damien. "Étude de l’écoulement sanguin dans un anévrysme intracrânien avant et après traitement par stent flow diverter : quantification par traitement d’images de séquences angiographiques 2D." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2308/document.
Повний текст джерелаIntracranial aneurysms treatment based on intra aneurismal flow modification tend to replace traditionally coiling in many cases and not only complex aneurysms for which they were initially designed. Dedicated stents (low porosity, high pores density stents) called “flow diverter” stents are deployed across the neck of the aneurysm to achieve this purpose. The summation of three different mechanisms tend to lead to the healing of the aneurysm: immediate flow alteration due to the mechanical screen effect of the stent, physiological triggering of acute or progressive thrombus formation inside the aneurysm’s pouch and long term biological response leading in neointima formation and arterial wall remodeling. This underlying sequence of processes is also supposed to decrease the recanalization rate. Scientific data supporting the flow alteration theory are numerous and especially computational flow dynamics (CFD). These approaches are very helpful for improving biomechanical knowledge of the relations between blood flow and pathology, but they do not fit in real-time treatments. Neuroendovascular treatments are performed under dynamic x-ray modality (digital subtracted angiography a DSA-).However, in daily practice, FD stents are sized to the patient’s 3D vasculature anatomy and then deployed. The flow modification is then evaluated by the clinician in an intuitive manner: the decision to deploy or not another stent is based solely on a visual estimation. The lack of tools available in the angioroom for quantifying in real time the blood flow hemodynamics should be pointed out. It would make sense to take advantage of functional data contained in contrast bolus propagation and not only anatomical data. Thus, we proposed to create flow software based on angiographic analysis. This software was built using algorithms developed and validated on 2D-DSA sequences obtained in a swine intracranial aneurysm model. This intracranial animal model was also optimized to obtain 3D vascular imaging and experimental hemodynamic data that could be used to realize realistic computational flow dynamic. In a third step, the software tool was used to analyze flow modification from angiographic sequences acquired during unruptured IA from patients treated with a FD stent. Finally, correlation between flow change and aneurysm occlusion at long term follow-up with the objective of identifying predictive markers of long term occlusion was performed
Tran, N. H. "Extension et validation de l'outil Geant4 dans le cadre du projet Geant4-DNA pour la prédiction des dommages biologiques radio-induits à l'échelle cellulaire." Phd thesis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780481.
Повний текст джерелаKhoury, Abdelnour. "Prédictions à court terme des frais médicaux hors Québec." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15338.
Повний текст джерелаBourque, Alexandra. "Suivi en temps réel de tumeurs cancéreuses par résonance magnétique et applications à la radiothérapie." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20600.
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