Дисертації з теми "Prédiction de la qualité des produits"
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Al-Kharaz, Mohammed. "Analyse multivariée des alarmes de diagnostic en vue de la prédiction de la qualité des produits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/211207_ALKHARAZ_559anw633vgnlp70s324svilo_TH.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis addresses the prediction of product quality and improving the performance of diagnostic alarms in a semiconductor facility. For this purpose, we exploit the alarm history collected during production. First, we propose an approach to model and estimate the degradation risk of the final product associated with each alarm triggered according to its activation behavior on all products during production. Second, using the estimated risk values for any alarm, we propose an approach to predict the final quality of the product's lot. This approach models the link between process alarm events and the final quality of product lot through machine learning techniques. We also propose a new approach based on alarm event text processing to predict the final product quality. This approach improves performance and exploits more information available in the alarm text. Finally, we propose a framework for analyzing alarm activations through performance evaluation tools and several interactive visualization techniques that are more suitable for semiconductor manufacturing. These allow us to closely monitor alarms, evaluate performance, and improve the quality of products and event data collected in history. The effectiveness of each of the above approaches is demonstrated using a real data set obtained from a semiconductor manufacturing facility
Baglinière, François. "Impacts des souches du genre Pseudomonas protéolytiques sur la stabilité des produits laitiers transformés maîtrise et prédiction de la qualité des laits UHT : maîtrise et prédiction de la qualité des laits UHT." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSARB241.
Повний текст джерелаThis work has been conducted to understand the destabilization of UHT milk with raw milk previously contaminated by proteolytic Pseudomonas. Infrared spectroscopy Fourier transform has been explored in order to detect the cause and predict the stability of milk before their technological transformations. First, the selection of 32 strains of the genus Pseudomonas based on their proteolytic character has shown that there is a variability of proteolysis. In a second step, the monitoring of the stability of UHT milk previously and independently inoculated by nine strains of P. Fluorescens, with different proteolytic potential, showed that this heterogeneity of proteolysis also happened in UHT milk. The addition of protease AprX in raw milk before UHT treatment also resulted in a destabilization of UHT milk before the end of 90 days of storage, confirming the role of this enzyme in the phenomenon of destabilization. For each experiment performed, the destabilization resulted in increases of non-casein nitrogen contents (NCN), indicating proteolysis of casein micelles. The results obtained by HPLC analysis coupled with mass spectrometry of NCN fractions of milk destabilized showed that AprX had a large action spectrum and was able to hydrolyze β, s1, s2 and κ casein. In a third step, FTIR spectroscopy allowed us to determine the threshold for detection of milk contaminated with bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and the discrimination threshold of milk containing proteolytic Pseudomonas from milk containing non-proteolytic Pseudomonas (5. 102 CFU / mL). However, further works have to be undertaken to use FTIR spectroscopy as a tool for predicting the stability of milk
Zhu, Qun Ying. "Modèles bayésiens et application à l'estimation des caractéristiques de produits finis et au contrôle de la qualité." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529487.
Повний текст джерелаMelhem, Mariam. "Développement des méthodes génériques d'analyses multi-variées pour la surveillance de la qualité du produit." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0543.
Повний текст джерелаThe microelectronics industry is a highly competitive field, constantly confronted with several challenges. To evaluate the manufacturing steps, quality tests are applied during and at the end of production. As these tests are discontinuous, a defect or failure of the equipment can cause a deterioration in the product quality and a loss in the manufacturing Yield. Alarms are setting off to indicate problems, but periodic alarms can be triggered resulting in alarm flows. On the other hand, a large quantity of data of the equipment obtained from sensors is available. Alarm management, interpolation of quality measurements and reduction of correlated equipment data are required. We aim in our work to develop generic methods of multi-variate analysis allowing to aggregate all the available information (equipment health indicators, alarms) to predict the product quality taking into account the quality of the various manufacturing steps. Based on the pattern recognition principle, data of the degradation trajectory are compared with health indices for failing equipment. The objective is to predict the remaining number of products before loss of the performance related to customer specifications, and the isolation of equipment responsible for degradation. In addition, regression- ased methods are used to predict the product quality while taking into account the existing correlation and the dependency relationships in the process. A model for the alarm management is constructed where criticality and similarity indices are proposed. Then, alarm data are used to predict the product scrap. An application to industrial data from STMicroelectronics is provided
Passaro, Caterina. "Du couple matériau-procédé à la qualité perçue : élaboration d’un outil prédictif de la perception visuelle des pièces en injection de polypropylène d’intérieur du véhicule." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0769/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the study is to analyse the impact of texture/material couple of polypropylene injection pieces on the characteristics of the surface and the Perceived Quality. In order to answer this question, we developed a system for the characterization and the prediction of the appearance of the texture. It includes a scale of characterization (composed of 12 descriptors) and two «instruments» of characterization: a visual panel and instrumental panel. The instrumental panel is composed of 12 predictive models of the 12 descriptors. The models are built on sensory ratings and the measures of 3 instruments. The characterization system is used on a set of samples of injected polypropylene making it possible to defines the aesthetics descriptors of the grain (“fantasy” descriptors) and descriptors that differentiate the materials (gloss descriptors). An exploration of the impact of the material composition, the topography of the grains and the response of the material to the topography during the injection moulding was performed on a group of samples with 4 grain, 3 materials and 3 colors. Finally, a large customer survey was conducted. The results have been exploited to establish how the characteristics evaluated by the panel are related with the perception of quality. It appears that the aesthetics of the grain and its association with the color and then its gloss, mostly impact the judgments of quality. Although prospective, this work allows the development of the "genes" of grains suitable for different types of customers, by considering the influence of the couple "grain geometry - visual potential of the material."
Ndenga, Malanga Kennedy. "Predicting post-release software faults in open source software as a means of measuring intrinsic software product quality." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080099.
Повний текст джерелаFaulty software have expensive consequences. To mitigate these consequences, software developers have to identify and fix faulty software components before releasing their products. Similarly, users have to gauge the delivered quality of software before adopting it. However, the abstract nature and multiple dimensions of software quality impede organizations from measuring software quality. Software quality metrics can be used as proxies of software quality. There is need for a software process metric that can guarantee consistent superior fault prediction performances across different contexts. This research sought to determine a predictor for software faults that exhibits the best prediction performance, requires least effort to detect software faults, and has a minimum cost of misclassifying components. It also investigated the effect of combining predictors on performance of software fault prediction models. Experimental data was derived from four OSS projects. Logistic Regression was used to predict bug status while Linear Regression was used to predict number of bugs per file. Models built with Change Burst metrics registered overall better performance relative to those built with Change, Code Churn, Developer Networks and Source Code software metrics. Change Burst metrics recorded the highest values for numerical performance measures, exhibited the highest fault detection probabilities and had the least cost of mis-classification of components. The study found out that Change Burst metrics could effectively predict software faults
Da, Costa Soares Jean-Jérôme. "Compréhension moléculaire et prédiction des propriétés physicochimiques dans les produits pétroliers." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1310/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe rapid decline in light crude oils requires to convert heavy petroleum fractions into more valuable products (naphtha, diesel, lubricants, etc.). In this context, hydrocracking process (HCK) consists on upgrading vaccum gas oil (VGO) into high quality products. The quality of petroleum products is based on some chemical and physical properties that should fulfill prerequisite specifications. The hydrocracking process optimization requires to set up time consuming and costly experiments for developing catalysts and setting operating conditions. High throughput experimentation (HTE) units are then increasingly used at IFPEN. However, these units do not enable to obtain end products. Otherwise, predictive models were developed in order to understand and predict the impact of operating conditions about products quality. However, some complex properties are very difficult to model and require a better understanding. This work is mainly concerned with the understanding of diesel cloud point (CP) and viscosity index (VI) of base oils. Two analytical techniques were used: the two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) that enables to identify hydrocarbons compounds in petroleum products and the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy which provides structural characteristics of these compounds. A sparse multivariate regression (sparse Partial Least Squares) was performed using chromatographic and spectroscopic data. The sparse PLS is derived from classical PLS. It allows to reduce the number of factors by performing a variable selection. The selected factors are the most correlated to the property to model. Globally, this approach enabled to better understand how hydrocarbon compounds (nparaffins, isoparaffins, aromatics,…) and their molecular characteristics (carbon number, degree of branching,…) affect the diesel CP and the VI of base oil. Furthermore, the good performances of developed sparse PLS models show that it is possible to access to the products quality when using HTE units. Kriging models were also developed. Kriging is an interpolation method that predicts the value of a function at a given point by computing a weighted average of the known values of the function in the neighborhood of the point. Kriging models have local aspect which is well adapted to complex data. Its probabilistic approach enables to provide an estimate of predicted value uncertainty. Results show that kriging improves predictive performances for both diesel CP and VI of base oil. This approach is quite innovative in modelling of petroleum products properties. When using HTE units, it allows to estimate the VI of base oil more easily than from chromatographic or spectroscopic data which are not available for the refiners
Raymond, Gérard. ""Le concept de qualité : une évaluation empirique des éléments d'information de la qualité d'un produit agro-alimentaire"." Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE21016.
Повний текст джерелаThis research answers a main question : determine which attribute has more value than an other and for which quality aspect. An analysis framework is developped to interpret the concept multidimentionality. Three research axes are developped : 1- which are the product quality attributes used by the consumer. 2- which is their relative importance. 3- which is personnal factors influence on product quality attributes. A qualitative (interviews and prompt protocols) and quantitative methods (conjoint measurement, cluster and discriminant analysis, log-linear and peterson & mahajan partial square omega) are used to test the hypotheses. Two principal theorical consequences can be drawn from this research. The olson hypothesis cannot been generalized and no personnal factors allow to differentiate a group of consumers from another
Fouquet, Chantal. "Contrôle de la qualité microbiologique des cosmétiques." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P021.
Повний текст джерелаCostes, Sylvain. "Extension de l'approche par la courbe maitresse de la prédiction des durées de vie de réseaux d'indice complexes inscrits par UV dans les fibres." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917592.
Повний текст джерелаHachicha, Farah. "Qualité des Produits, Qualité de la main d’oeuvre et Sanctions optimales dans la Théorie de l’Agence." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020032/document.
Повний текст джерелаAfter a general introduction and a survey of literature, the contribution of this thesis is to establish a link between the goods market and the labor market and to propose optimal legal system to deter opportunistic behavior within the company. Throughout the thesis, we consider a monopoly that produces two types of good. Consumers are heterogeneous according to their preferences to quality. Chapter 2 analyzes different agency structures to determine the best structure that allows both to maximize the profit of the company and maximize the welfare of consumers and employees. Chapter 3 examines distortion of the quality of goods and the level of the workers’ effort with adverse selection on the goods market and the labor market compared with perfect information. This chapter examines the role of the consumer and the judge to discourage this kind of opportunistic behavior.Keywords: Quality of goods, quality of labor, optimal contract, portfolio of contract, opportunism, collusion, social welfare, optimal sanctions, firm design, law and economics
Bollou, Pohe Mélanie Patricia. "Importance de l'assurance qualité dans un établissement d'investigation clinique en cosmétologie." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P086.
Повний текст джерелаJeanneret, Crettez Marie-Hélène. "Compatibilité, standardisation et qualité des produits : stratégies concurrentielles et politique industrielle." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010009.
Повний текст джерелаFrom the consume point of view, compatibility and standardization often increase the perceived qality of a given product. In a duapoly model with vertical differentiationmmm it is shown that standardization increases global surplus and can be obtained even though it leads to higher degree of competition. It is also shown that antitrust policy may impede firms from standardize. In the case of international trade, an appropriate tariff policy may incitate firms to standardiza, but the result of a public policy implimented through a public firm depends on the nature of the foreign firm
Ouardighi, Fouad El. "Qualité des produits et comportement du consommateur : évidence empirique et optimisation." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100028.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on, - determination of a quality, measure of objective quality, - definition of optimal quality over the product life cycle, - analysis of optimal quality and promised quality in context of information asymmetry
Grenet, Ingrid. "De l’utilisation des données publiques pour la prédiction de la toxicité des produits chimiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4050.
Повний текст джерелаCurrently, chemical safety assessment mostly relies on results obtained in in vivo studies performed in laboratory animals. However, these studies are costly in term of time, money and animals used and therefore not adapted for the evaluation of thousands of compounds. In order to rapidly screen compounds for their potential toxicity and prioritize them for further testing, alternative solutions are envisioned such as in vitro assays and computational predictive models. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate how the public data from ToxCast and ToxRefDB can allow the construction of this type of models in order to predict in vivo effects induced by compounds, only based on their chemical structure. To do so, after data pre-processing, we first focus on the prediction of in vitro bioactivity from chemical structure and then on the prediction of in vivo effects from in vitro bioactivity data. For the in vitro bioactivity prediction, we build and test various models based on compounds’ chemical structure descriptors. Since learning data are highly imbalanced in favor of non-toxic compounds, we test a data augmentation technique and show that it improves models’ performances. We also perform a largescale study to predict hundreds of in vitro assays from ToxCast and show that the stacked generalization ensemble method leads to reliable models when used on their applicability domain. For the in vivo effects prediction, we evaluate the link between results from in vitro assays targeting pathways known to induce endocrine effects and in vivo effects observed in endocrine organs during longterm studies. We highlight that, unexpectedly, these assays are not predictive of the in vivo effects, which raises the crucial question of the relevance of in vitro assays. We thus hypothesize that the selection of assays able to predict in vivo effects should be based on complementary information such as, in particular, mechanistic data
Zeaiter, Diana. "Prédiction de l'insatisfaction des utilisateurs liée aux performances des applications de l'Internet." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066683.
Повний текст джерелаNetwork disruptions can adversely impact a user's web browsing, cause video and audio interruptions, or render web sites and services unreachable. Such problems are frustrating to Internet users, who are oblivious to the underlying problems, but completely exposed to the service degradations. This thesis develops a methodology to automatically predict user dissatisfaction with network application performance. We follow an empirical approach. We design HostView to collect network performance data annotated with user feedback at the end-hosts. Our first contribution is to present the results of a survey we did with 400 computer scientists to collect their perspectives on privacy issues and willingness to provide feedback. Guided by the survey results, we implement a first prototype of HostView to evaluate the CPU overhead of candidate techniques to collect network performance data. Then, we implement a second prototype of HostView to tune our algorithm for collecting user feedback to minimize the user annoyance. We recruit users in a large-scale release of HostView. Our user population connects from different networking environments (e. G. , work, home, or coffee shop). Thus, we investigate if the network performance depends on the networking environment. Our third contribution is to show that for most users RTTs and download data rates are significantly different across networking environments. The mix of application determines data rates but it is the environment that determines RTTs. Finally, our fourth contribution is to develop predictors of user dissatisfaction with network application performance. Our predictors consistently achieve true positive rates above 0. 9
Besombes, du Pontavice Cécile. "Pluralité d'acteurs et incertitude sur la qualité des produits : les mondes de qualité dans la filière viande bovine." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100136.
Повний текст джерелаKompany, Elaheh. "Un nouveau procédé de déshydratation de fruits et légumes : amélioration de la qualité du produit fini." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD278.
Повний текст джерелаParnaudeau, Virginie. "Caractéristiques biochimiques de produits organiques résiduaires prédiction et modélisation de leur minéralisation dans les sols." Rennes, Agrocampus, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NSARD045.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Julien. "Prix, qualité et commerce international." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010035.
Повний текст джерелаDanieau, Loïc. "La Démarche qualité dans l'agro-alimentaire." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT012A.
Повний текст джерелаMusavu-Ndob, Aïchatou. "Mesures, modélisation, prédiction des propriétés physico-chimiques dans les aliments à l'aide d'un modèle thermodynamique : application aux produits carnés et aux produits laitiers." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22682/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of food process simulators is actually limited by absence of tools that can predict de evolution of the physical-chemical properties (pH, aw, Eh) in food. Food are generallymulticomponent medias (including water, organic solvents, dissolved solids, dissolved gases, ionic species, macromolecules), and these properties are essential to characterize technological, sanitary and organoleptic qualities. However, these physical-chemical properties change during transformation or preservation process. The prediction of these properties requires the determination of chemical potentials. Thermodynamic approach is used to predict pH and water activity of meat and dairy products in different condition encountered in the food industry. Based on the model ULPDHS developed by Achard in 1992 for liquid medias, this work required the creation of fictive molecule who have the same behavior as modeled food. Consistency between the experimental data and the predicted data is very satisfactory, the thermodynamic model correctly predict the pH and aw of different products studied. The integration of the thermodynamic model in a process simulator requires the creation of a mimetic neural network. Therefore, was developed a neural network whose outputs are identical to the output of the thermodynamic model. So it is possible to integrate the results of thermodynamic models in a process simulator without too lengthen the time simulations. The results obtained in this work can be an important aid to the formulation of new products. The model is completely predictive and it is possible to determine the effect of a change in the composition of the feed on the pH and aw
Escala, Thierry. "Le travail de qualification : signes officiels de qualité et référence territoriale." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20052.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this Ph-D is to complete by product's approach the scholar works on quality. It supposes to consider the making of and not the finished state of the product. So, qualification is the process of qualities' identification and inscription in the product. Regular adjustments are needed between product's identification on market and the coordination and the activity of each operator. Qualification is a real work as distributed activity. This Ph-D analyse in detail this process from singular case of Red Labelling Lamb. Four results back up the Ph-D's main concept : qualification levels. First, as far as quality, agricultural collectiv action and public action are elaborated in cooccurence. Second result is about substance of market. Observation of concrete acts of qualification allow us to identify several circulation spaces in the name of differentiated expectations of the supply chain intermediaries. As well as the operators create this differentiation conditions, the product can be considered as an homogeneous good. Third result is about collective shapes. From a unique structure, the analysed labelling product built a significant link between independant organisations. The relevant group's borders fluctuate as the qualification level. At last, settle down the product in a generic market shape open possibilities of its publicisation in a territorial common good. By collection effect, this publicisation qualifies the territory. So, we have a political extension of the collective shapes. Qualification working gets through the classical distinction of political and economical activities
HOLLENDER, CHABI SYLVIE. "La relation prix-qualité : une analyse en termes d'efficience." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1EC01.
Повний текст джерелаDebruyne, Michel. "Conception et management de la qualité dans les entreprises de distribution." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL12002.
Повний текст джерелаQuality is a complex managerial variable. It is not only a technical, economical and marketing variable but also a strategic and organizational one that must be conceived in relation with the environment of the firm. So, this research works out adjusted proposals with characteristics of large-scale retailing offer. Consequently, our objective is double - to spell out the criteria of quality in this sector - to study the successful conditions of a quality strategy for these firms
Manier, Gaëtane. "Les impuretés dans les produits sucriers isuus de la betterave : caractérisation et incidence sur la qualité du sucre." Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIE0319.
Повний текст джерелаThe sugar beet products contained non-sugars which were characterized and their composition evolution during the process was followed. Some of these (polysaccharides or colorants) thought to be harmful, were synthesised or directly obtained from sugar beet extracts. Their impact on the sucrose crystal quality was observed. The effect of specific treatment (extraction of impurities; modification of production parameters) on sugar beet products to the sucrose quality was studied. This work confirmed that colorants (caramels, PDAH, melanoïdins) and polysaccharides (pectins and dextrans) are harmful for the sucrose crystal quality. Crystallization performed in the laboratory allowed to observe the impurities transfer inside the crystal. These impurities were extracted and characterized. Our results indicate that harmful impurities are not high molecular weight compounds. Components included in the tested sugar correspond to a mixture of colorants but also to oligosaccharides DP<8
Kobenan, Kouamé Jean-Moïse. "Contribution à l’évaluation de la qualité de la collaboration en conception de produits." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI081/document.
Повний текст джерелаToday functional structure of enterprises requires teamwork and project mode organization. These projects are carried out by experts from different domains of expertise. Besides the teams need supporting tools in order to improve the efficiency of their design process and to propose adapted solutions to complex design problems. In the course of their meetings and collaborative activities they create group awareness through their interactions and creation of various artifacts. This thesis studies mechanisms that underlie performance of collaborative design team in synchronous meeting. In this thesis we demonstrate the links between Transactive Memory System (TMS), Collaborative Design Activities (CDA) and Objects called Resources (RSC), and identify the elements that drive these links. A survey has been used to study collaborative design teams in academic environment. Then, we performed direct observation of two teams during synchronous collaborative design meetings with a serious game Delta Design on interactive table. Results show that if performance is enhanced statistically by good TMS or CDA, and the link is demonstrate, so is the links between CDA RSC. However, the lack of statistical strong correlation between TMS and RSC seems to show that team members are not conscious of using artifacts during TMS building. While artifacts on interactive table are more solicited and decision making activities seems to be more important during their session. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of collaborative design teams and offers tools to evaluate collaborative design activities
El, Haouzali Hafida. "Deroulage du peuplier : effets cultivars et stataions sur la qualité des produits dérivés." Paris, ENSAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENAM0025.
Повний текст джерелаPeeling industry is the major application for poplar resource composed with more and more cultivars. A comprehensive evaluation of wood quality of these different cultivars is necessary for a better knowledge of their adequacy to different conventional (light packaging, plywood) or innovative applications (LVL for construction) in order to help foresters in their choices. This research participates to this approach focusing on poplar peelability, veneer quality, mechanical properties of plywood and LVL produced from 10 cultivars (5 well-known by professional and 5 promising new ones) coming from 4 different types of forest stations. Three trees having been harvested per station and per cultivar, the tests have been performed on 120 trees: 40 of them have been peeled in 1. 4 mm thick, 40 in 3 mm thick at laboratory scale. The other 40 trees have been peeled in industry in order to collect estimation of qualitative and quantitative production yields. Veneer quality has been evaluated measuring curl-up, surface quality (roughness, plushy surfaces), thickness variation, lathe checking. These veneers have been used to manufacture 320 plywood and LVL boards using two types of glue (PVAC and MUF). Each board has been characterized by non destructive and destructive bending and shearing tests. The results show that veneer quality mainly depends of peeling thickness and of radial position into the tree. Boards’ mechanical performances are linked to veneer thickness and glue types. No cultivar or stations effect haven been clearly identified, it is not necessary to adapt peeling and board manufacturing processes according to cultivars and station. Nevertheless, it seems relevant to discuss about an increase of poplar rotation duration in order to be able to use this wood for construction. Finally, technical proposals are made to bypass the presence of tension wood into poplar producing fuzzy surfaces
Guenand, Anne. "Contribution à la conception préliminaire intégrant la variabilité des préférences clients : application au design de produits technologiques à contenus numériques." Ecole Centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0054.
Повний текст джерелаImproving the quality of products constitutes a permanent effort of the industrial companies for satisfying their customers and obtaining new markets. Paradoxically, the rationalization of the means of design and production leads to a relative standardization of products, and we observe a renewal of the immaterial values (emotional and symbolic expectations) linked to the product. Designing desirable products for even more demanding and fickle users becomes an important challenge for the industrial companies: the feelings aroused by the appearance of products, by their functions and by the behaviour induced by the products’ use are the linchpin of their success but are difficult to predict. The control of the customer satisfaction is based largely on the understanding and the integration, in the upstream phases of the design process, of the subjective factors which structure the preferences and activate the act of purchase. In this thesis, we show the necessity of developing a specific approach regarding needs exploration - based on a theoretical approach of the active perception and design thinking - and regarding the products design process - based on the theoretical approach of robust design - to facilitate the emergence of innovations that guarantee better customer satisfactions. We propose in this thesis a Preliminary Robust Design method. We expose this method through two design cases. The first case describes the design of a new music player taking into account the variability of the preferences connected to the variety of the emotional states of the user. The second case, led within the framework of a partnership with France-Telecom, presents the innovative design of an interpersonal communication device, which takes into account the variability of the preferences connected to the variety of the communicational modalities between two users. This method helps to design products and services that better satisfy the paradoxical expectations and preferences of the customers, by transforming the set of expectations in a new function "variability" of the product, which is then joined to the design specifications in the design process
Guerra, Anne-Sophie. "Métrologie sensorielle dans le cadre du contrôle qualité visuel." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS037.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis deals with the problem of visual quality control of high quality manufactured products. We make the hypothesis that the control of this quality will be still realized many years by a visual inspection of the products. The first chapter presents a bibliographical study of different elements relating to the quality control in general, and particularly, the visual inspection. The chapter 2 describes the generic approach that we propose to perceive, then evaluate an anomaly. This approach separates in a formal way the perception of an anomaly from its evaluation. We show that this distinction gives a better comprehension of the variability sources in the visual inspection. Based on the approaches very largely used within the framework of the sensory analysis, our approach thus formalizes these two steps in order to reduce the variability in the decision of conformity during a visual inspection. The chapter 3 proposes a structuring metrological approach having for objective to guarantee the accuracy and the reduced variability in time and space. Our suggestion, based on the concepts of a dimensional metrology, integrates the specificities related to any sensory measurement carried out by the man, and in particular the part of significant subjectivity which can be associated to this measurement. Based on the evaluation of only one anomaly, we describe in the chapter 4 an approach allowing to decide acceptance or refusal of a product combining various anomalies on various surfaces. Our approach, based on the Taguchi's loss function, makes it possible to generalize with the visual inspection the approaches of tolerance largely used in geometrical quality of the products. The chapter 5 illustrates the application of these concepts within the company with which we collaborated. It also proposes a synthesis of profits that such an approach can produce
Saverimoutou, Antoine. "Métrologie de l'internet du futur : caractérisation, quantification et prédiction de la qualité de la navigation web." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0186.
Повний текст джерелаWeb browsing is one of the main Internet services where a wide set of actors are involved and evolves constantly. New Internet protocols, Content Delivery Networks (CDN) or web browsers’evolutions are meant to improve web pages’ loading times. In order to better understand the Quality of Experience (QoE) perceived by end-users, it is of prime importance to identify how web pages’ content is composed and delivered as well as providing are levant QoE metric. In this thesis, we have designed a new tool, Web View, meant to perform automatic Web browsing and measures several aspects of the Web browsing eco-system. We have also introduced a new web metric, the Time for Full Visual Rendering (TFVR). From more than 18 Trillion measurements performed over 2.5 years on the Top 10,000 Alexa websites, we have used statistical techniques to identify the key parameters qualifying and quantifying web browsing quality. This set of factors has been confirmed by a machine learning process, which gives as output the set of rules to predict web pages’ loading times. For websites where fluctuations in loading times happen regularly, we have used the Hierarchical Dirich let Process Hidden Markov Model (HDP-HMM) to enrich our rulesbased models in order to increase the correctness in prediction rates. The evaluation of our decision treebased model on never assessed websites shows that we can correctly predict web browsing quality. This work aims at helping network operators and service providers to increase the Quality of Service (QoS) offered to their customers
Gringoz, Florian. "Prédiction de la conformité géométrique d'assemblages aéronautiques." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN012.
Повний текст джерелаThe assembly geometry is define through its components geometry described in their nominal configuration, in other words without geometrical deviations and with accurate relative positions. In fact, the real components geometries has geometrical deviations and their positions are not accurate. The doctoral work consists of predict the geometrical conformity of an aeronautical assembly from the geometries of its components. From knowledge of components geometry, a second step objective is to realise the simulation of assembly of this components (geometrical deviations propagation and finite elements coupling) in order to evaluate the geometrical conformity of the assembly, and to determinate the required operations in order to reach this conformity. The entire process will be applied on aeronautical nacelles
Avrillon, Laetitia. "Démarche de résolution de problèmes qualité dans le cadre de produits nouveaux de haute technologie." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS035.
Повний текст джерелаIndustrial products currently developed are more and more complex and make use of several technologies at the same time. Moreover, design times are increasingly reduced, bringing new constraints during pre-industrialization phases. Companies have to rapid solve many problems by involving experts who have a partial knowledge of the product limited to their field of specialty. These new constraints are rarely taken into account in traditional problem solving methods. The purpose of the research work developed in this PhD thesis is quality problem solving methodology for new high technology products. By "quality problem", we mean any technical problem due to a special cause concerning the product or the process. The aim of the study is thus to propose a methodological structure adapted to this context from an organizational, sociocultural and technical point of view. The structure must be adaptable to the future evolution of this type of company: cohabitation of stabilized products and newly developed products. The objective is not to propose yet another problem solving method but rather a tunable structure in accordance with each configuration. The suggested principle is founded on a basic structure (phases and tools) modified by two assessments: the assessment of the problem profile and the assessment of its methodological state. The crossing of these two evaluations allows us to build a contextualized problem solving method with the phases that remain to be created and dedicated instrumentation for each phase. We worked on three main axes to develop this instrumentation : -selection of the methods and tools that are the most adapted to our context, improvement of these entities, analysis of the potential positive interactions between them -development of new tools -analysis of methodologies for other fields (criminology and accidentology) which have similar constraints to the studied context and their adaptation to industry. This PhD bas been carried out in the frame of a "CIFRE convention" with TRIXELL committed to the development and production of a complete family of X-ray flat panel digital detectors for the entire radiological imaging industry
Legrand, Jean-François. "Prédiction de trafic dans les réseaux de téléphonie mobile par des méthodes statistiques et neuronales." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066543.
Повний текст джерелаSarrouf, Muriel. "Les normes privées relatives à la qualité des produits : étude d’un phénomène juridique transnational." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020053/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe recent proliferation of private standards is not only of growing interest to economists who seek to evaluate its impact on trade flows; it is also relevant to international law, particularly to international economic law, in a double perspective. First, from the perspective of legal theory, the legal status of private standards has still to be determined. Second, from an empirical standpoint, private standards have the potential to negatively impact the access of developing countries to the markets of developed countries. This raises the question of the opportunity and modalities of submitting them to the disciplines of the WTO Agreements. This study demonstrates that private standards are one of the expressions of broader ‘transnational law’, a body of law that has been developing in parallel to ‘traditional’ state-centered international law. This implies that international law cannot merely consider private standards as an object to be disciplined; rather, the traditional ‘repressive’ approach should be rejected in favor of a more collaborative approach stressing the interrelations between the two bodies of norms as well as possible forms of coordination
Lacombe-Saboly, Michèle. "Les déterminants de la qualité des produits comptables des entreprises : le rôle du dirigeant." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT4002.
Повний текст джерелаThe accounting information is called now "accounting product"; this designation leads to ask for what are the factors which influence their quality. The manager has a mainly part : this fact has been enlighted by an empirical research : he express his needs on relevant information for management, he makes organizational choices for financial function. The analysis of these needs and choices shows the trade-off between relevance and reliability
Danovics, Vadims. "L' indication géographique de produits agricoles dans l'Union européenne." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010038.
Повний текст джерелаBouvard, Marie-Christine. "Microbiologie des produits cosmétiques et contrôle par bioluminescence." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1P064.
Повний текст джерелаAlceu, Amoroso Lima Marcelo. "Qualité d'utilisation des ressources dans l'émergence technologique : recherche-experimentation, diagnostic et propositions de solutions." Lyon 2, 1991. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1991/alceuamorosolima_m.
Повний текст джерелаThe main contributions of this thesis are : (a) the adaptation of a method of experimental research in management, based on the socio-economic intervention developped by the "institut de socio-économie des entreprises et des organisations" at Lyon, France (named research-experimentation) that allowed us to obtain significant information from the actors of a complex, diffuse and often hidden organisational problematics ; (b) the proposition of a global model of comprehension of the technology emergency that articulates organisational phenomena, technological phenomena and competitive phenomena ; (c) the reconstitution of the disfunctions of the technological emergency, which allowed us to build an inventory of themes of disfunciton that is usefull in the diagnostics of a particular situation of technology emergency and also to make a description of the identified disfunctions; (d) the identification of the causes of disfunction in technology emergency and the proposition of solutions and concrete tools of management in order to solve them
Shi, Jie. "Influence des erreurs de transmission sur la qualité de la parole synthétique d'un vocodeur à prédiction linéaire." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30175.
Повний текст джерелаDeeb, Salah. "Contribution méthodologique à la maîtrise conjointe de la qualité d’un produit et de ses processus de production par une modélisation des concepts qualité." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10005/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn today’s world of globalization, quality becomes a strategic tool to face the new economic and social stakes of the enterprise by its impact on jointly controlling the quality of the product and the processes supporting its production as well. This control is directly related to the coherent organization of the quality activities which are structured on the different enterprise levels. One of the major challenges is to set up the quality process as a process according to the “system” definition; i.e. a process which effectively integrates the quality activities on the different enterprise levels as well as with other processes belonging to the enterprise. Coping to this challenge, several methodologies and methods were proposed to support the whole or a part of modelling the process quality. However, the lack of formalization harms the effectiveness and the efficiency of their application. Regarding this double report on integration and lack of formalization, our contribution consists in developing a generic quality approach for formalising a process quality at the tactical level linked to the other enterprise levels. This approach is in accordance with the TQM to control and improve jointly the quality of the product and the production process. Since we propose and automated approach, it can be deployed from the design phase to the exploitation phase of the process quality control. The originality of this work consists on the unification, in the form of meta-models, of the quality concepts on the basis of: the process approach defined in the standard ISO9000:2000, the function "quality management" as defined by the standard IEC/ISO62264, the quality methods, and finally on the modelling of relevant indicators. The feasibility of this approach is shown by an application case of a manufacturing process
Longuet, Patrick. "Le consommateur et le risque alimentaire : vers un modèle intégrateur d'équilibre." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0011.
Повний текст джерелаOur work is focused on food risk and particularly the analysis of the consumer behavior in a real risky situation. Our theoretical framework is translated from the models based upon stability, used in many other sciences. Our central question is based on : how to get a better understanding of the consumer behaviour in a risky situation?We have followed two major steps in our work. Firstly, a review of literature gives us the conceptual framework and secondly, an empirical study explore the dimensions involved in the crisis evaluation by the consumer himself. Our methodological plan used the scenario method, and we have both conducted a qualitative and quantitative study. We finally give the results of our work and try to establish the limits and the future possibilities for further research works
Baldin, Claire. "La qualité sanitaire et environnementale comme variable stratégique du commerce agricole Nord-Sud : une étude entermes de normes et de technologies agricoles." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0025.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this dissertation is to study how quality norms as international norms SPS and TBT, standards or labels… setting up by North Countries. These non-tariff barriers play an important role in agricultural trade of South countries. We show that these measures have protectionism effects and are use as competitiveness trade strategy. In the first chapter we study the impact of SPS and TBT in the North-South trade. From a literature empirical and econometric analysis, we identify “stylized facts” that characterize the quality policies in agricultural trade. In the second chapter, we realize the scope and the limits of the main models of vertical differentiation, which consider the standards or the labels as quality signal or as trade barrier when the signal is establish by the government. To complete these analyses, we develop a mixed duopoly model with horizontal product differentiation to explain how south countries can conserve their comparatives advantages. In the third chapter, we show how the new agricultural technologies – organic agriculture, biotechnology and precision farming – have increased North-South disparities. We develop an international duopoly model with horizontal product differentiation. Firstly, we explain how precision farming allows the implementation of subsidies trade policy from North countries and, secondly, we show how this policy can threaten the competitiveness of South countries
Havreljuk, Filip. "Évaluation visuelle des arbres feuillus sur pied et valeur des produits transformés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26104.
Повний текст джерелаTemperate deciduous forests of southern Quebec are of great economic importance because they are the main supply source of the appearance wood products industries. However, the difficulty of linking the external characteristics of a tree to the internal quality of its wood creates supply-related uncertainties, since the quality of selected trees for harvest may not correspond to the real needs of these processing industries. The main objective of this study was to improve the supply forecasts of hardwood processing industries by linking the quality assessment of standing trees to their products assortment and their monetary value. One of the most important internal factors affecting the value of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) lumber is the presence of a reddish-brown colored area in the center of the stem called red heartwood. Samples from 12 locations throughout the temperate zone in southern Quebec showed that regional differences in the radial proportion of the colored area in both species were mainly due to factors related to tree development, such as age and radial growth around the colored area. Part of the variability in sugar maple was also associated with the annual minimum temperature of a sampling location. In addition, the study of 64 sugar maple and 32 yellow birch trees that were harvested, bucked into logs and processed into lumber showed that among all defect types that need to be considered for tree marking, visible evidence of fungal infections and cracks had the largest negative influence on value in both species. The analysis of the lumber products assortment showed that the proportion of the best grades increased with the length and the diameter of the logs, so that it was higher at the bottom of the stem. Logs with a large red heartwood area produced more wood of lesser value. Overall, these results link the visual assessment of standing trees to the quality and value of processed products to allow better decision making in the hardwoods supply chain.
Nicolas, Mélanie. "Ozone et qualité de l'air intérieur : interactions avec les produits de construction et de décoration." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134593.
Повний текст джерелаUn banc d'exposition contrôlée a été mis au point pour étudier les interactions entre l'ozone et seize produits de construction et de décoration fréquemment rencontrés dans les environnements intérieurs. Pour tous les matériaux testés, une disparition d'ozone significative, comprise entre 8% pour une peinture glycérophtalique et 89% pour un lambris en pin brut, a été observée. Des vitesses apparentes de dépôt de l'ozone sur les matériaux variant de 0,003 à 0,158 cm•s-1 ont été calculées. Les émissions des matériaux sont modifiées en présence d'ozone. Certains composés sont détectés en concentrations inférieures (styrène, alcènes C12) tandis que d'autres sont retrouvés en concentrations nettement supérieures, notamment des aldéhydes (formaldéhyde, acétaldéhyde, benzaldéhyde, C5 à C10), des cétones et des acides carboxyliques. Lors d'essais conduits sur un lambris en pin, la prédominance des mécanismes hétérogènes dans la disparition d'ozone a été mise en évidence, la contribution des réactions en phase homogène étant estimée entre 5 et 20 %.
L'impact de la pollution photochimique sur la qualité de l'air intérieur a été étudié durant les étés 2003 et 2004 dans la maison expérimentale MARIA du CSTB. Il apparaît que la pollution extérieure (NO, NO2 et O3) est complètement transférée dans la pièce par le système de ventilation. Près de 80% à 95% de l'ozone est éliminé à l'intérieur de la pièce, témoignant ainsi de la présence d'importants puits d'ozone. Des sous-produits réactionnels ont été identifiés, en particulier le formaldéhyde, l'hexaldéhyde, le benzaldéhyde et le nonanal. Il apparaît que la réactivité en phase hétérogène prédomine sur les réactions en phase gazeuse, bien que des réactions d'ozonolyse d'alpha-pinène aient été observées dans la pièce. Les variations quotidiennes des concentrations intérieures de l'ozone et de certains composés (formaldéhyde, hexaldéhyde) soulignent le rôle de la réactivité chimique et des paramètres environnementaux (surtout la température) sur les émissions de certains matériaux, et donc sur leurs concentrations dans l'air intérieur.
Un modèle simple de prédiction des concentrations intérieures de polluants a été mis au point. Les prévisions sont réalisées d'après les concentrations extérieures des polluants et intègrent la réactivité en phase homogène et en phase hétérogène. Pour NO, les données simulées et réelles sont quasiment identiques tandis que le modèle surestime les concentrations intérieures de NO2, probablement du fait de l'absence de prise en compte du dépôt de NO2 sur les surfaces intérieures. Les prévisions des concentrations intérieures d'ozone sont très satisfaisantes.
Salaün, Philippe. "Conduite auto-adaptative de réactions discontinues en vue de l'optimisation de la qualité des produits." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL144N.
Повний текст джерелаRezki-Hanchour, Lahouaria. "Contribution à l'amélioration de processus industriels : contrôle, assurance et maitrise de la qualité des produits." Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0018.
Повний текст джерелаGuerra, Francesco. "Trois essais sur le rôle que la qualité des produits joue dans le commerce international." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NSARE057.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation consists of three chapters that represent a contribution to the research on the role of product quality in international trade. The first chapter presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between the volatility of bilateral trade flows and the quality of products exported. We argue that, under the hypothesis of non-homothetic preferences, the variability of income generates larger fluctuations of the demand of high-quality imported products. Our findings indicate that a possible drawback of exporting high-quality products is represented by the higher exposure to income variability of destination countries. The second chapter sets up an empirical analysis on cross-country panel data to estimate the effect of the quality up-grade of exported products on the change of the wage premium measured at industry level.Our findings show that industries which up-grade the quality of exports, increase the average level of wages paid, implying a change in the workforce composition towards categories of better paid jobs. In the third chapter, we examine whether consumer's valuation for quality of French imported products is stronger in countries where consumers' tastes are similar to the French ones. To identify taste proximity, we rely on information collected from the online travel company TripAdvisor. The findings of our empirical analysis suggest that consumer’s valuation for product quality depends on the origin of imports and is stronger for products imported from countries with similar tastes to that of French consumers
Dompnier, Lucille. "Le jugement de qualité d'un objet manufacturé : le réseau conceptuel sous-jacent." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5013.
Повний текст джерелаQuality has become an absolute necessity for a product's manufacture. Therefore, knowing what representation a person has of that quality has became an important goal. Conceptual representation of objects and of their properties is analyzable in semantic features. The theories known as "theory-based" theories (Ahn, 1998 ; Rehder & Hastie, 2001) postulate on the existence of a network of causal relations between features. The goal of our study is to highlight these causal relations for two objects (a car and a computer) in the context of quality judgment and to determine the effect of the knowledge of the participants on this network. Our results point out that the feature's nature determines its causal status and this feature's causal status determines its relief and its verbalization. The level of knowledge of the participants has an impact on the establishment of relations between features' values. The results are discussed using the models of "theory-based" theories
Oudin-Pohl, Caroline. "Essai de constitution d'un dossier cosmétique pour un gel amincissant préparé et commercialisé en officine." Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOP033.
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