Статті в журналах: "Precast concrete construction Design and construction"

1

Hamzeh, Farook, Omar Abdul Ghani, Mohammad Bassel Saleh Bacha, and Yara Abbas. "Modular concrete construction." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 6 (November 20, 2017): 935–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-11-2014-0148.

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Purpose This study evaluates the enablers and barriers for modular concrete construction in Lebanon. The purpose of this paper is to investigate various factors (time, cost, technical know-how, organizational, sustainability, etc.) and their influence on the choice of the construction method. The paper examines the different assessments of designers, manufacturers, and contractors regarding precast construction in comparison to traditional in-situ methods, and highlights the major differences in their views. Design/methodology/approach Structured face-to-face surveys were conducted with top management personnel of precast manufacturers, architectural and engineering firms, and contracting companies in Lebanon. In addition, a case study from the largest precast project in Lebanon was used to provide a deeper understanding of factors encouraging the use of precast concrete, and to highlight major onsite issues associated with its implementation. Findings On the one hand, the findings highlight technical, logistical, organizational, and cultural factors that inhibit the use of precast concrete as a construction method. On the other hand, results reveal that cost, time, sustainability, and flexibility factors are the main enablers for increasing the uptake of modular concrete construction. Originality/value The main contribution to knowledge is that this study presents different stakeholders’ perspectives on precast concrete construction. Moreover, this is the first research addressing precast concrete construction in the Middle East and Lebanon. The results of the study provide valuable global insights and recommendations that may help increase the uptake of precast concrete construction. They can also guide project stakeholders to properly match project characteristics and precast concrete as a construction method.

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Fan, Xin Hai, Rong Quan Ma, and Ming Liu. "Design on a Total Precast Concrete Parking Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.641.

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The construction noise and wasted material of total precast concrete structure are reduced by factory production of components and assembled construction, green construction can be achieved.Combined with the first total precast parking structure in China, the connection modes of precast components are introduced,such as between precast columns and precast columns, between precast columns and precast inverted beams, between precast double tee slabs and precast columns or precast shear wall, which can provide a reference for the design of similar engineering.

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Wenke, Jeff M., and Charles W. Dolan. "Structural integrity of precast concrete modular construction." PCI Journal 66, no. 2 (2021): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij66.2-02.

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The American Concrete Institute’s (ACI’s) Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19) contains structural integrity provisions for precast concrete panel buildings but does not address the structural integrity of precast concrete modules. ACI 318 requires spaced steel ties in all directions to tie the precast concrete panel elements together. These criteria are impractical for precast concrete modules due to the construction methods and the overall rigidity of each module. Precast concrete modules are inherently stable, even when subjected to General Services Administration criteria for partial removal of structural walls or corners, which require that if a portion of a wall or an entire module is removed, the remaining portions must have sufficient capacity to carry the resulting gravity loads. This paper examines the stress increases due to partial wall removal and the possibility of total module removal. It discusses strength reserves, provides recommendations for future editions of ACI 318 and the PCI Design Handbook: Precast and Prestressed Concrete, and presents conceptual connections that provide the continuity and ductility needed to maintain structural integrity following total module removal.

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Shi, Xiaona, Xian Rong, Lin Nan, Lida Wang, and Jianxin Zhang. "A New Steel-Joint Precast Concrete Frame Structure: The Design, Key Construction Techniques, and Building Energy Efficiency." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111974.

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Assembled methods play a critical role in the construction of precast concrete structures. However, conventional dry-connections-like sleeve grouting joints in precast concrete structures lagged at a low construction and management efficiency with poor quality control. In this study, a novel steel joint for precast reinforced concrete beam-column components is proposed to improve constructability. New joints transform the assembled method from reinforced concrete members into a steel structure by setting a pre-embedded steel connector at both ends of reinforced concrete beams and columns, showing outstanding economic, durability, and fire resistance capabilities. The construction process, construction efficiency, economy, and energy consumption were discussed based on the material, structure, and construction hybrid characteristics. Numerical simulation and structural health monitoring methods are used to monitor and evaluate the deformation and stress state of the proposed system in the whole construction process, so as to optimize the construction scheme and ensure safe and orderly construction. The results reveal that the FEA-simulated values of key building components during construction are in good agreement with the actual monitoring values, which verifies the feasibility of the FEM models and provides a guarantee for construction safety; the construction period of the proposed assemble system is reduced by approximately 56% and 40%, compared with the conventional reinforced concrete frame structure and cast-in-place joints in the precast concrete frame structure, respectively. Meanwhile, the energy consumption of buildings decreases by 20%. This research provides a theoretical basis for the design, calculation, and application of assembled precast structural systems.

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Kim, Haena, Byungkyu Moon, Xinyu Hu, Hosin (David) Lee, Gum-Sung Ryu, Kyung-Taek Koh, Changbin Joh, Byung-Suk Kim, and Brian Keierleber. "Construction and Performance Monitoring of Innovative Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Bridge." Infrastructures 6, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6090121.

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The application of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) materials in rehabilitating bridges and constructing primary bridge components is increasing rapidly across the world because of their superior strength and durability characteristics when compared to regular concretes. However, there have been few new bridges constructed using UHPC materials with regular formworks, ready-mix trucks, and construction equipment. This paper presents a comprehensive report encompassing the design, construction, and performance monitoring of a new bridge constructed in Iowa using a unique UHPC technology that includes steel fibers of two different lengths embedded in the concrete. By using optimized lengths of steel fibers, both the tensile strength and the toughness were increased. The UHPC material was produced with local cement and aggregates in the US using typical ready-mix concrete equipment. This paper discusses the experience gained from the design and construction process including mix design, batching, delivery of steel fibers to the ready-mix concrete batch unit, and post-tensioning of precast slabs at the jobsite. For four years after construction, the joints of the bridge decks were monitored using strain sensors mounted on both sides of the deck joints. The strain values were quite similar between the two sides of each joint, indicating a good load transfer between precast bridge girders. A bridge was successfully constructed using a unique UHPC technology incorporating two different lengths of steel fibers and utilizing local cement and aggregates and a ready-mix truck, and has been performing satisfactorily with a good load transfer across post-tensioned precast girder joints.

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6

Ellman, Roderic A., Simon Harton, and Harold E. Wescott. "Design-Construction of Precast Prestressed Concrete Floating Wave Attenuator." PCI Journal 42, no. 4 (July 1, 1997): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.07011997.30.40.

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7

Okude, H., T. Kihara, T. Nakano, and Y. Ishikawa. "Design and Construction in Suita Stadium using Precast Concrete." Concrete Journal 53, no. 11 (2015): 986–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj.53.11_986.

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8

Peng, Peng, Zu Guang Yuan, Bo Tian, and Kai Min Niu. "Research on Application of Precast-Assemble Technology to Road Maintenance Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 1693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1693.

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Through research on precast assembling structural design and construction technology in cement concrete pavement maintenance engineering, this paper brings forward reasonable size for precast assembling slab in cement concrete pavement maintenance engineering to improve original precast assembling construction technology and brings forward effective improvement measures for original construction technical difficulties. And simultaneously, through making a comparison of socioeconomic benefits among precast assembling maintenance mode, cast-in-place ordinary concrete maintenance mode , cast-in-place early-strength concrete maintenance mode and cast-in-place reinforced concrete, uses that precast assembling maintenance technology is a cement concrete pavement quick maintenance technology with extremely high performance price ratio.

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9

Liu, Hongtao, Qiushi Yan, and Xiuli Du. "Seismic performance comparison between precast beam joints and cast-in-place beam joints." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 9 (October 20, 2016): 1299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216674952.

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Precast reinforced concrete structures are widely used due to many constructional advantages such as faster construction speed, lower construction cost, being environmentally friendly, higher strength, and so on. To study the seismic performance of precast reinforced concrete structures, tests on beam-to-column joints of precast reinforced concrete structures were conducted under low reversed cyclic loading. In total, four joint specimens were produced in this study, including two precast joints and two cast-in-place joints. In addition to the comparison between different types of joints, the axial compression ratio of column was adopted as the main variable in this study. Analysis was carried out on the basis of the observed joint failure mode and relationships derived from the test data such as hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, stiffness degradation curves, energy dissipation capacities, and sleeve joint strain curves. Despite the closeness of energy dissipation capacity between the precast joints and the cast-in-place joints, they had different failure modes. Precast joints feature a relatively concentrated crack distribution in which the limited number of cracks was distributed throughout the plastic zone of the beam. Cast-in-place joints feature more evenly distributed cracks in the plastic zone, especially at the later stage of the loading. The steel slippage of the precast concrete joints was found influenced by the axial compression ratio. Through this study, it is concluded that seismic resistance capacity of precast concrete joint needs to be considered in design and construction and the grouting sleeve splice could be kept away from the hinge zones when precast concrete structures were used in regions of high seismicity. The results in this study can provide a theoretical basis for seismic design of precast reinforced concrete structures, which in turn can promote the application of precast reinforced concrete structures.

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10

Pate, W. Denney. "Innovative Design and Construction of Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Bridge." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (January 2000): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-41.

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An outstanding accomplishment of bridge design, construction, and management, the Chesapeake and Delaware (C&D) Canal Bridge demonstrates that precast, segmental, cable-stayed bridges can be an economical and aesthetically pleasing solution in an area of the country where steel bridges are predominant. The C&D Canal Bridge is the first major concrete segmental cable-stayed bridge structure to be completed in the Northeast. The $58 million C&D Canal Bridge is a precast concrete, segmental structure 1417 m (4,650 ft) in length. Twin parallel box girders were designed to provide six lanes of travel with a total bridge width of 38.7 m (127 ft), with each precast box girder containing three 3.65-m (12-ft) lanes and two 3-m (10-ft) shoulders. Innovative construction techniques, economy, and aesthetics were the primary focus of the construction and design solutions used for the 229-m (750-ft) cable-stayed main-span crossing. The bridge was completed on schedule, with no claims or suits, at a cost slightly under the original bid. A quality-based selection process for the bridge designer, a prequalification process for the selection of the contractor, a disputes review panel, and informal partnering during construction all contributed greatly to a very successful project. The use of precast concrete elements provided an efficient and time-saving technique for the construction of this bridge. In addition, precast concrete box girders, box piers, and delta frames were designed to anchor the cable stays and make the parallel trapezoidal box girders monolithic throughout the main span.

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Yu, Haitao, Mohamed Al-Hussein, Reza Nasseri, and Roger J. Cheng. "Sustainable precast concrete foundation system for residential construction." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 2 (February 2008): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-112.

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Residential construction has changed little in decades. In North America, houses are constructed predominantly with cast-in-place (CIP) concrete basement foundations and “custom-built” wood platform – framing structures. To improve the productivity of residential construction, a precast concrete foundation (PCF) system was developed by the University of Alberta and its industrial partners. Although the PCF system can be built much faster and better than conventional CIP foundations, it has not been considered a viable alternative in residential construction due to the belief that it is costly and less flexible. To overcome this perception, special research efforts were made to address issues of manufacturability, constructability, and standardization. This paper proposes an innovative design of the PCF system that satisfies functional requirements, while obtaining a minimum total cost and achieving flexibility. The unique features include a modularized rib structure, external insulation, and simplified bolted connections. A comparative analysis between PCF and traditional CIP concrete foundation systems is also presented.

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Ramos, Bruno Elias, John Colao, Paul Martinez, Peter G. Trolani, and Ted Wolfstahl. "Precast Concrete Canopy Offers Innovative Design and Fast Track Construction." PCI Journal 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.01012001.14.21.

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13

Montgomery, C. James, R. M. Morison,, J. R. Channen, and D. O. Tutty. "Design and Construction of a Buried Precast Prestressed Concrete Arch." PCI Journal 38, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.01011993.40.57.

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14

Saatcioglu, Murat, Denis Mitchell, René Tinawi, N. John Gardner, Anthony G. Gillies, Ahmed Ghobarah, Donald L. Anderson, and David Lau. "The August 17, 1999, Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake damage to structures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 715–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l01-043.

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The 1975 Turkish code provisions are first reviewed to provide the background for design and detailing of structures prior to the earthquake. The performance of reinforced concrete and masonry structures is described indicating many of the deficiencies in design, detailing, and construction execution. The behaviour of precast concrete structures, steel structures, and industrial facilities is also presented. The provisions of the 1997 Turkish building code are summarized and a description of new construction provides evidence of both excellent and poor construction practice. Some examples of retrofitting of damaged structures soon after the earthquake are also presented.Key words: seismic design, earthquake, Kocaeli, structures, codes, concrete, precast concrete.

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Saputra, Pungky Dharma. "Identification of Precast Parapet Work Activities in Elevated Railway Construction." Applied Research on Civil Engineering and Environment (ARCEE) 2, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/arcee.v2i02.3416.

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Railway infrastructure development is very massive in Indonesia. Many projects have been constructing since 2013, such as the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT), Double-Double Track (DDT), and High-Speed Rail (HSR). And all of these projects were design with elevated structures. When applying precast parapet panel technology in the MRT project elevated section, the contractor didn’t have a reference for precast parapet work activities. Hence, it required new planning for its construction and took time. The project sample of this research was MRT Jakarta CP 103 Project. There were three stages in this research starting from documentation analysis, expert judgment, and respondent survey. There were 5 bridge construction experts and 30 respondents which were professional engineers asked for their recommendations and opinions. Descriptive analysis was applied to know the percentage of opinions. This research focuses on identifying precast parapet activities in elevated railway construction project. There are 14 activities that had been identified in this research, namely preparation, position survey, adjustment material installation, precast parapet panel shifting from trailer to the top of deck slab, precast parapet panel distribution, precast parapet panel installation, rebar parapet installation for concrete stitch, sealing work, concrete casting, formwork dismantling, and finishing. These activities will be very useful for similar precast parapet works in a future project.

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Koyankin, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich. "LIGHTWEIGHT SLAB CAST OVER PRECAST JOISTS." Vestnik MGSU, no. 6 (June 2017): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2017.6.636-641.

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Precast-monolithic house-building in domestic and world practice is a significant part in the mass construction. We propose a relatively large number of designs of precast-monolithic buildings, as well as its individual elements. Despite this, we cannot say that found the most effective constructive solutions able to satisfy the requirements of consumers (future residents) and builders. On this basis, we developed quite effective, from the point of view of construction and further operation, a constructive solution of light weight precast-monolithic overlap. Some features offered are overlapping: smaller mass, compared with beams of heavy concrete; increased heat and sound insulation properties; optimal use of the structural properties of heavy and light precast monolithic concrete and longitudinal reinforcement, depending on the stage of construction. The author has carried out in this article the results of numerical studies the proposed design of precast-monolithic overlap, confirming its compliance with the requirements of 1st and 2nd group of limit States.

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Li, Fu Rong, Hou Chao Sun, and Qian Zhou. "Design and Test of Self-Draining Pile." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.289.

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putting out a new pile type, that is, making the precast concrete pile with a vertical side channel and pouring the yellow sand, which lead to the pile had the self-draining function, reduce the soil squeezing effect of precast concrete pile construction in saturated soft clay, that is, the design principles and methods of self-draining pile. Indoor model test showed that the self-draining piles could reduce the pore water pressure, and its effect was obviously, its role is equivalent to sand wells, sand bags wells or plastic drain board, which meet the requirements of the construction technique.

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18

Yang, Xinlei, and Hailiang Wang. "Seismic Behavior of Rammed Earth Walls with Precast Concrete Tie Columns." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9739853.

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Rammed earth (RE) constructions are widespread in underdeveloped rural areas in developing countries. However, these RE constructions are often susceptible to earthquake damage due to their poor seismic performance. Precast concrete tie columns and ring beam (tie bars) were proposed to improve the seismic behavior of RE constructions. Four RE walls, including a traditional RE wall and three RE walls with precast concrete tie columns and ring beam (tie bars), were tested under reversed cyclic loading, and the seismic behavior of these tested specimens was evaluated in terms of failure pattern, energy dissipation, displacement ductility, and stiffness degradation. The results showed that a significant increase of the load-bearing and deformation capacity could be achieved with the application of precast concrete tie columns in combination with RE. The load-bearing capacity and deformation capacity of traditional RE wall were increased by an average of 113% and 417%, respectively. These test results could provide reference to the design and construction of the environmental-friendly structures in rural areas.

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Kim, Seungho, Dong-Eun Lee, Yonggu Kim, and Sangyong Kim. "Development and Application of Precast Concrete Double Wall System to Improve Productivity of Retaining Wall Construction." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 3454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083454.

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The construction of most apartment underground parking lots utilizes reinforced concrete (RC) structures composed mainly of rebar work and formwork. RC structures lower construction efficiency and significantly delay the construction because they require a large number of temporary materials and wooden formwork. In this study, a precast concrete double wall (PCDW) system was developed to address the existing problems of RC structures and to improve the productivity of retaining wall construction. PCDW is a precast concrete (PC) wall in which two thin concrete panels are connected parallel to each other with truss-shaped reinforcement between them. PCDW can contribute to securing integrity, reducing the delay in construction, and improving quality. An overall process for the member design and construction stage of the PCDW system was proposed, and its improvement effects were examined regarding various aspects in comparison to the RC method.

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Fiala, Ctislav, Jaroslav Hejl, Vladimira Tomalova, Vlastimil Bilek, Tereza Pavlu, Tomáš Vlach, Martin Volf, Magdalena Novotna, and Petr Hajek. "Structural Design and Experimental Verification of Precast Columns from High Performance Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 1106 (June 2015): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1106.110.

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Paper presents some results of long-term research of a new optimized subtle precast construction system based on high performance silicate composites. The system is particularly aimed for building construction in passive or zero-energy standard. Subtle structural elements from high performance concrete (HPC) can be integrated into building envelope of energy efficient buildings with significant reduction of envelope structure and avoiding risk of thermal bridges. Significant advantages of subtle elements are material and energy savings during production, transport, manipulation and construction on building site.Paper presents experimental verification of connection between columns and beams ensured by Peikko ́s PCs corbels. Moreover, production of two prototypes of high performance fibre reinforced columns over two floors is presented. Prototypes were casted in ŽPSV a.s. plant, Litice nad Orlicí in June 2014. Complex LCA analysis of three various reinforced concrete columns was performed. Analysis covers construction life phase. Consequently, environmental impacts of assessed variants were compared and evaluated. Results show that it is possible to reduce some impacts on the environment from 16 up to 65% in comparison with common solution of reinforced concrete columns due to the utilization of excellent mechanical properties of high performance concrete that enables the design of subtle structural elements.

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HANSON, JOHN M., E. FRED BRECHER, TED J. GUTT, Paul D. Mack, MILO J. NIMMER, CHARLES H. RATHS, JAMES R. VOSS, and HELMUTH WILDEN. "Recommendations on Responsibility for Design and Construction of Precast Concrete Structures." PCI Journal 33, no. 4 (1988): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij33.4-04.

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Asnaashari, Mi, R. Jon Grafton, and Mark Johnnie. "Precast Concrete Design-Construction of San Mateo-Hayward Bridge Widening Project." PCI Journal 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.01012005.26.43.

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Park, Robert. "Seismic Design and Construction of Precast Concrete Buildings in New Zealand." PCI Journal 47, no. 5 (September 1, 2002): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.09012002.60.75.

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Zhao, Dong Qi, Yi Jun Tang, Hui Li, Gui Feng Song, and Feng Ling Guan. "The Application Research of Reinforced Concrete Multi-Ribbed Hollow Composite Slab in the Road Slab Culvert." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.307.

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Reinforced concrete cover in the road culvert cover design, in order to facilitate the construction, usually using precast reinforced concrete solid slab, but the overall cost is not low. This article researched a reinforced concrete multi-ribbed hollow composite slab, it based on the theory of reinforced concrete multi-ribbed slab structures, using a precast reinforced concrete ribbed slab as the bottom die, then poured reinforced concrete beams and panels rib ,and them constituted a whole stack of reinforced concrete ribbed hollow slab. This kind of cover, compared with the precast reinforced concrete solid cover, is not only good mechanical properties, high integrity, but also saving concrete, steel, and bottom slab appeared smooth and fine, lower construction cost.

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Akhnoukh, Amin K. "Application of Large Prestress Strands in Precast/Prestressed Concrete Bridges." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091458.

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The objective of this research is to investigate the advantage of using large-diameter 0.7-inch (18 mm) strands in pretention applications. Large-diameter strands are advantageous in bridge construction due to the increased girders capacity required to sustain exponential increase in vehicle numbers, sizes, and weights. In this research, flexure capacity of girders fabricated using 0.7-inch (18 mm) diameter strands will be calculated and compared to bridge capacities constructed using smaller strands. Finally, two similar bridge sections will be designed using 0.6-inch (15 mm) and 0.7-inch (18 mm) diameter strands to quantify the structural advantages of increased strand diameter. The research findings showed that a smaller number of girders is required for bridge construction when larger strands are used. Four girders are required to design the bridge panel using high performance concrete and large diameter strands, as compared to 6 girders required when regular concrete mix designs and normal size strands are used. The advantages of large strands and high-performance concrete mixes include expedited construction, reduced project dead loads, and reduced demand for labor and equipment. Thus, large strands can partially contribute to the improvement of bridge conditions, minimize construction cost, and increase construction site safety.

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Dağ, Ilknur, Ali Osman Kuruşcu, and Ali Rıza Parsa. "Architectural And Structural System Design of Precast Concrete Structures In Earthquake Zones." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 07 (July 21, 2022): 2445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i7.cs01.

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Precast concrete systems, which are the result of industrialization in the field of construction, are faced with the prejudice of insufficient earthquake resistance despite their many advantages and their use is limited in Turkey. These systems, which have proven earthquake resistance if they are designed properly, can be used safely in low-rise or multi-storey buildings with different functions in earthquake zones. The aim of this study is to determine the architectural design requirements of earthquake-resistant precast concrete structures and to reveal the structural system design approaches. In accordance with this aim, the earthquake effect on the structures was summarized and architectural design principles that would contribute to the earthquake resistance of precast concrete structures were determined firstly. Then, earthquake-resistant structural system design approaches of frame, panel, and cell construction were evaluated separately.

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Borek, Przemysław, and Ligia Szulc. "The role of precast concrete in architecture." Cement Wapno Beton 27, no. 3 (2022): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32047/cwb.2022.27.3.5.

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Technological progress in construction is manifested in both industrialization of construction projects and in the production of high-quality precast elements in complex architectural projects. The production process requires detailed preparation. It begins at the design stage of the facility, which is the most important part of the implementation process. There was a significant change in the time-consuming execution of the technical design of the facility, in relation to the production of precast elements and especially the implementation of the facility itself. Production and project management are carried out thanks to BIM technology, which supports not only the production process but also the phase of its operation. The technical documentation takes into account both the modularity of the wall and ceiling elements, as well as the physical, chemical, and visual parameters of the concrete of individual prefabricated elements. Therefore, the technical drawings of the facilities must be prepared taking into account the close cooperation of builders and architects.

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Callicutt, Edwin. "Special-Design Precast Concrete Beams for Sidney Lanier Bridge Replacement Project." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (January 2000): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-07.

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The Sidney Lanier Bridge Replacement Project is a $100 million undertaking in Brunswick, Georgia, that will lead to the replacement of an existing 40-year-old steel lift-span structure. The approach bridges that lead to the project’s main-span unit consist of 16 spans of 54.9-m (180-ft), special-design, precast concrete beams as well as 14 spans of 36.6-m (120-ft) Type V AASHTO girders. The special-design beams are 2.3 m (7.5 ft) deep, are erected as simply supported members and are then made into two-span continuous units by longitudinal posttensioning, and are rigidly connected transversely with cast-in-place diaphragms. The riding surface is a cast-in-place concrete deck constructed on stay-in-place metal forms. The 54.9-m (180-ft) beams, supported by hollow tapered concrete piers with hammerhead caps, are founded on 1.2-m (48-in.) drilled shafts. Wet-hole construction methods with bentonite slurry were required for the drilled shafts. The bridge piers are over land and water, and large cofferdams were required to facilitate construction. Additionally, the sizes of the cast-in-place footings and hammerhead pier caps required mass concrete thermal considerations. The approach bridges lead to the main-span portion of the project, which will be a 762-m (2,500-ft) concrete, cable-stayed unit with a 381-m (1,250-ft) center span. The design, casting, and erection of these beams, and construction of the substructure, posed many challenges to the Georgia Department of Transportation designers and contractors. These beams are among the longest erected in Georgia.

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Moh, Eun Ho, Kyo Shik Park, Jeong Woo Jo, and Myeong Hui Yu. "A Study on the Improvement of Safety Management by Improving the Production Quality of PC(Precast Concrete) : PC Slab Falling Accident in Construction of Logistics Warehouse." Forum of Public Safety and Culture 19 (November 30, 2022): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52902/kjsc.2022.19.15.

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On 16th of November 2021, the PC slab had been fallen out and dropped to approximately 10M downstairs slab during the PC slab concrete pouring work on the rooftop floor of new logistics warehouse construction in Hwaseoung, Gyeonggi-do, and this accident was mainly caused by the bending fracture of concrete since the weaker strength of the upper compressed concrete compared to the tensile strength of central lower parts failed to withstand the high stress of upper topping concrete pouring. For the investigation of root-cause for above mentioned accident, the design compressive strength had been tested by utilizing the core sampling(extracting) method for the PC slab which was fallen out while pouring topping concrete, and as a result, the average compressive strength of three(3) concrete specimens collected from the relevant member through the destructive test was observed as 21.7MPa (No.1 – 20.6MPa, No.2 – 18.1MPa, No.3 – 26.5 MPa) which is only 55% level of the design compressive strength of 40MPa. The main cause that the average compressive strength was observed at about 55% level of the design compressive strength of 40MPa is the failure to comply with the required standard/specification for steam curing during the PC production processing. The required conditions to be complied for the steam curing are 60±10℃(Max. 80℃ or less) of curing temperature, 20℃/h or less of temperature rise rate and shall be managed by the concrete maturity, however, it was reported as a result of investigating the PC manufacturer that the strength had not reached to the standard strength before the mold deformation due to the steam curing with low temperature condition at opened space. The logistics warehouses have been continuously requested to be expanded after COVID-19 Pandemic, and the demand of PC which has merit in logistics warehouse construction work has been rapidly increasing. As a result, the operation rate of PC manufacturers currently reaches the maximum production limit, instead, PCs have been indiscriminately produced at small workplaces which have not able to satisfy the design compressive strength, construction quality and safety requirements. In the current situation, the construction site and workers are exposed to the potential risk of falling accidents since any relevant law or regulation on non-securing quality requirements such as the compressive strength is not stipulated yet. For this reason, the PC products with secured quality requirements shall delivered and construction safety management shall be improved by implementation of PC Factory Certification System at the earliest. For the purpose of this study, the PC factory certification system should be introduced, the research method was selected based on PC drop accidents and domestic and international operational cases of each country's certification system.

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STRATFORD, T. J., C. J. BURGOYNE, H. P. J. TAYLOR, and R. V. SOUTHWELL. "STABILITY DESIGN OF LONG PRECAST CONCRETE BEAMS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 134, no. 2 (May 1999): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/istbu.1999.31382.

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31

Priestley, Nigel. "Seismic Design Philosophy for Precast Concrete Frames." Structural Engineering International 6, no. 1 (February 1996): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686696780496003.

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32

Aujla, Navdeep, Mark Edmondson, and Mike Dixon. "High Leys service reservoir: a semi-precast construction." Dams and Reservoirs 31, no. 4 (December 2021): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jdare.21.00029.

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High Leys Service Reservoir (SR) was required as part of the West Cumbria Water Supplies Project (WCWSP) by United Utilities PLC to feed the south-western region of the network including Egremont, Whitehaven and local regions. The principal contractor was Mott MacDonald Bentley. The site was chosen for its strategic elevated position to reduce outgoing pumping and provide adequate pressure within the WCWSP network. With a footprint of 10 512 m2 (109.5 m × 96 m) and 50 ML storage capacity, the SR comprises a semi-precast concrete (PCC) system (precast/in situ composite). As of March 2021, High Leys SR stands as the largest semi-precast SR in Europe. Due to the size and complexity of the scheme, elements of the design and construction were constrained by the requirements of the Lake District National Park Steering Group. Enabling works commenced in June 2018 followed by SR construction through 2019, with planned completion late 2021. This paper details the phases of construction highlighting key design philosophies and construction techniques. Furthermore, the benefits of implementing a PCC system instead of a traditional in situ construction for a potable water-retaining structure are discussed. The paper identifies benefits associated with design, quality assurance, speed of construction, sustainability, safety and innovations.

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33

Park, Seon-Chee, Won-Kee Hong, Sunkuk Kim, and Xiangyu Wang. "Mathematical Model of Hybrid Precast Gravity Frames for Smart Construction and Engineering." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/916951.

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The structural stability, constructability, economic feasibility, environmental-friendliness, and energy efficiency of hybrid composite frame systems have been demonstrated by practical application and research. A hybrid composite frame system combines the economy of precast concrete structures with the constructability of steel frame structures, including erection speed. Novel composite frames will ultimately maximize the efficiency of structural design and facilitate construction. This paper presents hybrid precast frames, which are precast composite frames based on a simple connection between precast concrete columns and beams. The hybrid precast frames designed to resist gravity loading consist of PC columns, PC beams, and steel inserted in the precast members. Steel sections located between the precast columns were simply connected to steel inserted at each end of the precast beams. Dynamic analysis of a 15-story building designed with the proposed composite frame was performed to determine the dynamic characteristics of a building constructed of hybrid frames, including frequencies and mode shapes.

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Ahmad, Suryani, Robby Soetanto, and Chris Goodier. "Lean approach in precast concrete component production." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 9, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-02-2018-0051.

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Purpose This study applied the lean approach to the reinforcement work process in the component production of industrialised building system precast concrete construction (IBSPCC). The purpose of this paper is to identify and eliminate non-value added (NVA) activities to enhance the efficiency of the production process. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected via a case study of six-storey precast concrete building. A mapping of the reinforcement work process was conducted based on observations using time study technique and time-lapsed video, complemented by semi-structured interviews. Findings Through this application, several NVA activities, such as unnecessary inventory, excessive movement and coordination issues, were identified. Production performance could be enhanced by implementing Just-in-Time, Kanban, and layout improvements, which would address NVA activities. Research limitations/implications Due to the complexity of the construction process, only specific process elements were observed. To map the complete process, comprehensive observation must be conducted from beginning to end, which, though worthwhile, would be very time and resource intensive. Originality/value This paper focusses on strategies for improving the efficiency of the IBSPCC production process in Malaysian construction by developing a conceptual framework of the lean approach for the reinforcement work process. Certain aspects in the process such as layout and inventory need to be redesigned and simplified by minimising NVA activities.

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Li, Wen Yuan, Cheng Lin Ming, and Zhi Yong Kou. "Computer-Aided Design for the Stress Distribution of the T Plate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2999–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2999.

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The simulation for the situation of inverted T composite slab of precast fabricated construction is done, to analyze the stress distribution in the T composite slab of precast fabricated construction, shows that, the maximum deflection exhibits in the middle of plate. Due to the grouting of the concrete, the T plate and the concrete take effect simultaneously, to make the moment of inertia increase greatly, lower the deformation of the composite plate, and increase the resistance capacity. The T plate is pre-stressed, the stress in the x direction of steel bar will increase to the maximum value with the time pass. The result will give some guidance for the real practice.

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36

Sakudou, T., I. Yoshida, H. Yoshida, and K. Araki. "Design and Construction of Cantilever Type Rock Shed Using Precast Concrete Members." Concrete Journal 29, no. 5 (1991): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.29.5_56.

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Furumura, T., Y. Nakayama, T. Kanto, and S. Yamanaka. "The Design and Construction of Underground Water Tank using Prestressed Precast Concrete." Concrete Journal 44, no. 4 (2006): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.44.4_11.

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Fukayama, yoroku, and Kiyokazu Shinagawa. "Design-Construction of Circular Roof for Underground Reservoir Using Precast Concrete Beams." PCI Journal 43, no. 5 (September 1, 1998): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.09011998.46.54.

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Flekchman, Robert B., and Kenneth T. Farrow. "Seismic Design Recommendations for Precast Concrete Diaphragms in Long Floor Span Construction." PCI Journal 48, no. 6 (November 1, 2003): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.11012003.46.62.

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40

Di Carlo, Fabio, Alberto Meda, and Zila Rinaldi. "Design procedure for precast fibre-reinforced concrete segments in tunnel lining construction." Structural Concrete 17, no. 5 (December 2016): 747–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/suco.201500194.

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41

Wang, Yong, and Xiao Xi Xia. "Application of Precast Concrete Shear Wall Structure in Residential Projects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.15.

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In order to adapt to the development of housing industrialization and the construction of energy-saving emission reduction requirements, research and application of precast concrete shear wall structure is becoming the hotspot in structural engineering. The DiJie international city B Neighborhood Project No. 8 residential building the form of engineering structure for precast shear wall structure. According to the practical application of prefabricated wall panels, balcony board, air conditioning board and stairs in residential projects, Introduced the key technology of component production, installation, cast structure node connection construction process using prefabricated in shear wall structure. In order to provide the reference for precast concrete shear wall high-rise residential design in the future.

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42

Küsel, Frank, Elsabe Kearsley, Liam J. Butler, Sarah A. Skorpen, and M. Z. E. B. Elshafie. "Measured temperature effects during the construction of a prestressed precast concrete bridge beam." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 11013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819911013.

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Prestress losses in precast concrete beams include the short-term effects of elastic shortening and the long-term effects of concrete shrinkage, concrete creep and steel relaxation. Temperature effects are, however, excluded. The aim of this research was to monitor the behaviour of a prestressed precast concrete bridge beam, focussing on temperature effects and destressing. Successful monitoring assists in comparing the real performance of a structure to the expected design performance, and in managing the durability of the monitored structure. The effect of temperature variation on strains in prestressed beams was investigated by instrumenting a precast beam. Temperature and strains were monitored from the day of casting up to and including the cutting of the pretensioning strands. Daily temperature variations causing vertical non-linear temperature profiles resulted in internal strains of up to 28 % of the strains caused by destressing. It was therefore concluded that thermal effects before destressing resulting from elevated curing temperatures and daily temperature changes should be considered in the calculation of prestress losses. The monitoring techniques used were successful in determining the stresses and strains within the beam, which can be used to compare real prestress losses with the losses assumed in design.

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43

Almansour, H., and Z. Lounis. "Innovative design approach of precast–prestressed girder bridges using ultra high performance concrete." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 4 (April 2010): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-169.

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The construction of new bridges and the maintenance and renewal of aging highway bridge network using ultra high performance concrete can lead to the construction of long life bridges that will require minimum maintenance resulting in low life cycle costs. Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) is a newly developed concrete material that provides very high strength and very low permeability to aggressive agents such as chlorides from de-icing salts or seawater. Ultra high performance concrete could enable major improvements over conventional high performance concrete (HPC) bridges in terms of structural efficiency, durability, and cost-effectiveness over the long term. A simplified design approach of concrete slab on UHPC girders bridge using the Canadian Highway Bridge Design code and the current recommendations for UHPC design is proposed. An illustrative example demonstrates that the use of UHPC in precast–prestressed concrete girders yields a more efficient design of the superstructure where considerable reduction in the number of girders and girder size when compared to conventional HPC girders bridge with the same span length. Hence, UHPC results in a significant reduction in concrete volume and then weight of the superstructure, which in turn leads to significant reduction in the dead load on the substructure, especially for the case of aging bridges, thus improving their performance.

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Strelkova, Mariia D., Ksenia I. Strelets, Victor Z. Velichkin, and Marina V. Petrochenko. "The application efficiency of precast monolithic frame systems in civil engineering." Vestnik MGSU, no. 11 (November 2021): 1493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2021.11.1493-1507.

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Introduction. The partial replacement of cast-in-situ concrete with precast concrete in the residential construction sector allows to reduce construction time and cost, increase labour productivity and cut CO2 emissions. Combinations of prefabricated and monolithic elements in precast monolithic frames are presented; they encompass 6 different structural options of precast monolithic frames and 2 types of monolithic frames. The co-authors compare production costs and integrated labor intensity for all frame design options, construction periods per 1,000 m3 of a residential building for various structural options of the frame, and assess potential reduction in carbon dioxide emissions due to a change in the amount of precast reinforced concrete in the building frame structure. Materials and methods. The co-authors have developed a method that employs weighted average to identify the optimal type of a precast monolithic frame. The method takes account of such factors as production costs, integrated labour intensity, construction time and reduction in carbon dioxide gas emissions (in per centum) per 1,000 m3 of the frame structure. Results. The optimal structure of a precast monolithic frame was selected and calculated using weighted average. Weighted average was used to identify the most effective structural frame. The calculation results have shown that ARKOS precast monolithic frame with precast columns is the leader in terms of weighted average; it best suits the construction of a residential building. If we consider each of the selected indicators separately, RECON frame with precast floors is to be selected; however, RECON is inferior to ARKOS in terms of weighted average due to different values of the weight coefficients attached to each of the assessment criteria. Conclusions. The co-authors have proven the efficiency of precast monolithic frame systems in comparison with monolithic frames if applied to construct a residential building. The proposed method was employed to select the optimal type of frame.

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Guo, Er Wei, Ying Xin Qian, and Chen Guang Li. "The Application of Building Information Model in the Design of Precast Concrete Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.299.

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Advantages of precast concrete structures were very obvious, these were the sign of industrialized construction, while also reducing costs, energy conservation, and improve quality. In recent years, the demand of precast concrete buildings was also increasing. BIM technology was advanced technology, the design of precast structures, such as the frame shear wall structure, was given by using BIM technology in the complete process; Design process and value of the application of the BIM technology in the prefabricated structure were analyzed, Prospects of the BIM technology using in prefabricated structures were discussed.

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46

Huang, Juan, and Li Qun Tang. "Mechanism of Early Cracking and Serviceability of Precast Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Slabs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1369.

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In the light of the mechanism of early cracking in a batch of precast reinforced concrete hollow slabs of four certain bridges in construction whose midspan appears transverse cracks, investigation ranging from method of construction to distribution of cracks are conducted in situ. The possibility of the occurrence of cracks is discussed in detail. Theoretical calculation as well as numerical analysis reveals that the main reason of formation early cracking in slabs is self-weight loading. In order to assess the performance of the bridge deck system which appears cracks and evaluate the effect of early cracking on structural behavior, numerical analysis is performed to conclude that the bridge deck is satisfied with the serviceability requirements. In view of the fact that this kind of slab is widely used in bridge projects for convenience in construction and advantage in cost, effective and economical crack control measurement and technical proposal are recommended with regard to the design, construction and amendment of design specifications.

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Hillebrand, Matthias, Maximilian Schmidt, Katrin Wieneke, Martin Classen, and Josef Hegger. "Investigations on Interface Shear Fatigue of Semi-Precast Slabs with Lattice Girders." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 11196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311196.

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Due to their high cost efficiency and flexibility, semi-precast concrete slabs with lattice girders are widely used in constructions all over the world. Prefabricated concrete slabs, combined with in situ concrete topping, exhibit a quasi-monolithic structural behavior in which lattice girders serve as vertical shear reinforcement and ensure the transfer of longitudinal shear within the interface, acting in combination with concrete-to-concrete bonding mechanisms. To be applicable in industrial and bridge construction, semi-precast slabs need to have sufficient resistance against fatigue failure. To improve and expand the limits of application, theoretical and experimental investigations are conducted at the Institute of Structural Concrete (IMB), RWTH Aachen University. To investigate the fatigue behavior of lattice girders, small size tests with lattice girder diagonals were carried out. These test results have been used to derive an S–N curve (S: stress, N: number of load cycles) for lattice girders for a more refined fatigue design. Subsequently, the fatigue behavior of semi-precast slabs with lattice girders was investigated by fatigue tests on single-span slab segments. The fatigue design regulations of lattice girders according to technical approvals can generally be confirmed by this test program; however, they tend to be conservative. The use of the derived S–N curve leads to significantly improved agreement of fatigue behavior observed in tests and design expressions.

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48

Copsey, J. P., and S. R. Doran. "Design of precast concrete segmental tunnel linings." Construction and Building Materials 1, no. 3 (September 1987): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(87)90014-6.

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49

Torii, O., M. Kanamori, T. Satoh, and H. Nagasawa. "A Design and Construction of the Precast Prestressed Concrete Through Type Girder Bridge." Concrete Journal 26, no. 4 (1988): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.26.4_59.

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50

EngIekrk, Robert E. "Design-Construction of The Paramount — A 39-Story Precast Prestressed Concrete Apartment Building." PCI Journal 47, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.07012002.56.71.

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