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1
Yao, B., V. L. Kuznetsov, T. Xiao, X. Jie, S. Gonzalez-Cortes, J. R. Dilworth, H. A. Al-Megren, S. M. Alshihri, and P. P. Edwards. "Fuels, power and chemical periodicity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2180 (August 17, 2020): 20190308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0308.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The insatiable—and ever-growing—demand of both the developed and the developing countries for power continues to be met largely by the carbonaceous fuels comprising coal, and the hydrocarbons natural gas and liquid petroleum. We review the properties of the chemical elements, overlaid with trends in the periodic table, which can help explain the historical—and present—dominance of hydrocarbons as fuels for power generation. However, the continued use of hydrocarbons as fuel/power sources to meet our economic and social needs is now recognized as a major driver of dangerous global environmental changes, including climate change, acid deposition, urban smog and the release of many toxic materials. This has resulted in an unprecedented interest in and focus on alternative, renewable or sustainable energy sources. A major area of interest to emerge is in hydrogen energy as a sustainable vector for our future energy needs. In that vision, the issue of hydrogen storage is now a key challenge in support of hydrogen-fuelled transportation using fuel cells. The chemistry of hydrogen is itself beautifully diverse through a variety of different types of chemical interactions and bonds forming compounds with most other elements in the periodic table. In terms of their hydrogen storage and production properties, we outline various relationships among hydride compounds and materials of the chemical elements to provide some qualitative and quantitative insights. These encompass thermodynamic and polarizing strength properties to provide such background information. We provide an overview of the fundamental nature of hydrides particularly in relation to the key operating parameters of hydrogen gravimetric storage density and the desorption/operating temperature at which the requisite amount of hydrogen is released for use in the fuel cell. While we await the global transition to a completely renewable and sustainable future, it is also necessary to seek CO 2 mitigation technologies applied to the use of fossil fuels. We review recent advances in the strategy of using hydrocarbon fossil fuels themselves as compounds for the high capacity storage and production of hydrogen without any CO 2 emissions. Based on these advances, the world may end up with a hydrogen economy completely different from the one it had expected to develop; remarkably, with ‘Green hydrogen' being derived directly from the hydrogen-stripping of fossil fuels. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mendeleev and the periodic table'.
2
Antonov, Dmitrii, Olga Gaidukova, Galina Nyashina, Dmitrii Razumov, and Pavel Strizhak. "Prospects of Using Gas Hydrates in Power Plants." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 4188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124188.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
By adding water to fuels, several objectives are pursued, with the main ones being to stabilize combustion, minimize the anthropogenic gaseous emissions, homogenize and stabilize the fuel, as well as improve its fire and explosion safety. Water can be injected into the furnace as droplets or vapor and introduced as part of fuel samples. Water often serves as a coupling or carrier medium for the delivery of the main fuel components. In this paper, we compare the combustion behaviors of high-potential slurry fuels and gas hydrates. We also analyze the contribution of in slurries and gas hydrates to the combustion process. The values of relative combustion efficiency indicators are determined for gas hydrates and slurry fuels. The conditions are identified in which these fuels can be burned effectively in power plants. The research findings can be used to rationalize the alternative ways of using water resources, i.e., gas hydrate powder and promising composite fuel droplets. The results can also help predict the conditions for the shortest possible ignition delay, as well as effective combustion of gas hydrates as the most environmentally friendly new-generation alternative fuel.
3
Guo, Zuo Gang, Qian Qian Yin, and Shu Rong Wang. "Bio-Oil Emulsion Fuels Production Using Power Ultrasound." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2709.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ultrasound was adopted to prepare emulsion fuels between bio-oil and 0# diesel. The effects of ultrasound power and treating time on the stability of emulsion fuels were investigated. Excellent stability with stable time as long as 35 hours was obtained under an ultrasound power of 80W and a treating time of 3 minutes. Malvern nanometer particle size analyzer (Zetasizer Nano S90) was used to study the droplet size of emulsion fuels. The emulsion fuels with smaller droplet size had longer stable time. And the droplet size of the optimal emulsion fuel was around 0.4 um.
4
Grinberg Dana, Alon, Oren Elishav, André Bardow, Gennady E. Shter, and Gideon S. Grader. "Nitrogen-Based Fuels: A Power-to-Fuel-to-Power Analysis." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, no. 31 (June 10, 2016): 8798–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201510618.
Повний текст джерела
5
Balafoutis, Athanasios, Spyros Fountas, Athanasios Natsis, and George Papadakis. "Performance and Emissions of Sunflower, Rapeseed, and Cottonseed Oils as Fuels in an Agricultural Tractor Engine." ISRN Renewable Energy 2011 (September 29, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/531510.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A comparative experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the performance and exhaust emissions of an agricultural tractor engine when fueled with sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, and cottonseed oil and their blends with diesel fuel (20/80, 40/60 and 70/30 volumetrically). Tests were also carried out with diesel fuel to be used as a reference point. Engine power, torque, BSFC, thermal efficiency, NOx and CO2 were recorded for each tested fuel. All vegetable oils resulted in normal operation without problems during the short-term experiments. The 20/80 blends showed unstable results, in comparison to higher oil content fuels. Power, Torque and BSFC were higher as oil content was increased in the fuel. Rapeseed oil fuels showed increased power, torque and thermal efficiency with simultaneous lower BSFC in comparison to the other two vegetable oils. Cottonseed oil fuels gave better engine performance than sunflower oil fuels. In all oil types, NOx emissions were augmented when fuel oil percentage was increased. Cottonseed oil fuels led to higher NOx emission increase compared to rapeseed oil fuels. CO2 emissions showed a tendency to be increased as the oil content was evolved. The highest CO2 emissions were given by cottonseed oil fuels, followed by rapeseed and sunflower oil.
6
Beyersdorf, A. J., M. T. Timko, L. D. Ziemba, D. Bulzan, E. Corporan, S. C. Herndon, R. Howard, et al. "Reductions in aircraft particulate emissions due to the use of Fischer–Tropsch fuels." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The use of alternative fuels for aviation is likely to increase due to concerns over fuel security, price stability, and the sustainability of fuel sources. Concurrent reductions in particulate emissions from these alternative fuels are expected because of changes in fuel composition including reduced sulfur and aromatic content. The NASA Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX) was conducted in January–February 2009 to investigate the effects of synthetic fuels on gas-phase and particulate emissions. Standard petroleum JP-8 fuel, pure synthetic fuels produced from natural gas and coal feedstocks using the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process, and 50% blends of both fuels were tested in the CFM-56 engines on a DC-8 aircraft. To examine plume chemistry and particle evolution with time, samples were drawn from inlet probes positioned 1, 30, and 145 m downstream of the aircraft engines. No significant alteration to engine performance was measured when burning the alternative fuels. However, leaks in the aircraft fuel system were detected when operated with the pure FT fuels as a result of the absence of aromatic compounds in the fuel. Dramatic reductions in soot emissions were measured for both the pure FT fuels (reductions in mass of 86% averaged over all powers) and blended fuels (66%) relative to the JP-8 baseline with the largest reductions at idle conditions. At 7% power, this corresponds to a reduction from 7.6 mg kg−1 for JP-8 to 1.2 mg kg−1 for the natural gas FT fuel. At full power, soot emissions were reduced from 103 to 24 mg kg−1 (JP-8 and natural gas FT, respectively). The alternative fuels also produced smaller soot (e.g., at 85% power, volume mean diameters were reduced from 78 nm for JP-8 to 51 nm for the natural gas FT fuel), which may reduce their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The reductions in particulate emissions are expected for all alternative fuels with similar reductions in fuel sulfur and aromatic content regardless of the feedstock. As the plume cools downwind of the engine, nucleation-mode aerosols form. For the pure FT fuels, reductions (94% averaged over all powers) in downwind particle number emissions were similar to those measured at the exhaust plane (84%). However, the blended fuels had less of a reduction (reductions of 30–44%) than initially measured (64%). The likely explanation is that the reduced soot emissions in the blended fuel exhaust plume results in promotion of new particle formation microphysics, rather than coating on pre-existing soot particles, which is dominant in the JP-8 exhaust plume. Downwind particle volume emissions were reduced for both the pure (79 and 86% reductions) and blended FT fuels (36 and 46%) due to the large reductions in soot emissions. In addition, the alternative fuels had reduced particulate sulfate production (near zero for FT fuels) due to decreased fuel sulfur content. To study the formation of volatile aerosols (defined as any aerosol formed as the plume ages) in more detail, tests were performed at varying ambient temperatures (−4 to 20 °C). At idle, particle number and volume emissions were reduced linearly with increasing ambient temperature, with best fit slopes corresponding to −8 × 1014 particles (kg fuel)−1 °C−1 for particle number emissions and −10 mm3 (kg fuel)−1 °C−1 for particle volume emissions. The temperature dependency of aerosol formation can have large effects on local air quality surrounding airports in cold regions. Aircraft-produced aerosols in these regions will be much larger than levels expected based solely on measurements made directly at the engine exit plane. The majority (90% at idle) of the volatile aerosol mass formed as nucleation-mode aerosols, with a smaller fraction as a soot coating. Conversion efficiencies of up to 2.8% were measured for the partitioning of gas-phase precursors (unburned hydrocarbons and SO2) to form volatile aerosols. Highest conversion efficiencies were measured at 45% power.
7
Kuznetsov, Geniy, Dmitrii Antonov, Maxim Piskunov, Leonid Yanovskyi, and Olga Vysokomornaya. "Alternative Liquid Fuels for Power Plants and Engines for Aviation, Marine, and Land Applications." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 9565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249565.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers the main tendencies of development of alternative liquid fuels used in aviation, land transport, and for the needs of power generation sector. An overview of the main constraints to the development of alternative fuel technologies in these technical areas was carried out. The main groups of the most promising components and fuel compositions capable of effectively replacing conventional liquid fuels have been generalized. The basic criteria for evaluating alternative fuels are formulated. Environmental indicators of fuel combustion are of paramount importance for aviation. Rheological characteristics, calorific value, and environmental friendliness are critical for land transport engines. The effectiveness of alternative fuels for the power generation sector needs to be assessed in terms of such factors as economic, environmental, rheological, and energy to find an optimal balanced formulation. The list of potential components of alternative liquid fuels is extremely large. For a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency and selection of the optimal composition of the fuel that meets specific requirements, it is necessary to use multicriteria evaluation methods.
8
Wierzbicki, Sławomir, and Michał Śmieja. "Use of biogas to power diesel engines with common rail fuel systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818201018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The limited resources of fossil fuels, as well as the search for a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide and other toxic compounds to the atmosphere have prompted the search for new, alternative energy sources. One of the potential fuels which may be widely used in the future as a fuel is biogas which can be obtained from various types of raw materials. The article presents selected results as regards the effects of the proportion of biogas of various compositions on the course of combustion in a dual-fuel diesel engine with a Common Rail fuel system. The presented study results indicate the possibility for the use of fuels of this type in diesel engines; although changes are necessary in the manner of controlling liquid fuel injection.
9
Valance, Stéphane, Bruno Baumeister, Winfried Petry, and Jan Höglund. "Innovative and safe supply of fuels for reactors." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 6 (2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2019013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Within the Euratom research and training program 2014–2018, three projects aiming at securing the fuel supply for European power and research reactors have been funded. Those three projects address the potential weaknesses – supplier diversity, provision of enriched fissile material – associated with the furbishing of nuclear fuels. First, the ESSANUF project, now terminated, resulted in the design and licensing of a fuel element for VVER-440 nuclear power plant manufactured by Westinghouse. The HERACLES-CP project aimed at preparing the conversion of high performance research reactor to low enriched uranium fuels by exploring fuels based on uranium-molybdenium. Finally, the LEU-FOREvER pursues the work initiated in HERACLES-CP, completing it by an exploration of the high-density silicide fuels, and including the diversification of fuel supplier for soviet designed European medium power research reactor. This paper describes the projects goals, structure and their achievements.
10
Zayermohammadi Rishehri, Hossein, and Majid Zaidabadi Nejad. "Conceptual design of an innovative I&XC fuel assembly for a SMR based on neutronic/thermal-hydraulic calculations at the BOC." Kerntechnik 87, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-2021-1012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Power upgrade in nuclear reactors has been identified as one of the least costly options. This article focuses on how to further increase the thermal power and the possibility of using internally and externally cooled (I&EC) fuels instead of the solid fuels in the core of a Small Modular Reactor (SMR). In hence, The NuScale is chosen as the reference SMR. The core of NuScale is designed based on the use of a new 12 × 12 I&EC fuel assembly. This study is conducted throughout neutronic/thermal-hydraulic analysis. And many essential neutronic and thermal-hydraulic parameters such as variations of effective multiplication factor as a function of the pitch, neutron flux, power peaking factors, DNBRs and maximum temperature of the fuel were obtained. As one of the most important results of the analysis, I&EC fuel shows a sufficient margin available on DNBR and fuel pellet temperature compared with cylindrical solid fuel. The margin amount seems accommodating a 183% power-uprate seems viable. Also, the fuels axial temperature at different power levels were analyzed, and it was found that the proposed fuel at high power levels has a low peak temperature.
11
Borning, Maximilian, Larissa Doré, Michael Wolff, Julian Walter, Tristan Becker, Grit Walther, and Albert Moser. "Opportunities and Challenges of Flexible Electricity-Based Fuel Production for the European Power System." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 9844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239844.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To mitigate global warming, the European Union aims at climate neutrality by 2050. In order to reach this, the transportation sector has to contribute especially, which accounts for about a quarter of the European greenhouse gas emissions. Herein, electricity-based fuels are a promising approach for reducing emissions. However, a large-scale deployment of electricity-based fuels has a significant impact on the power system due to high electricity demand and the requirement to use renewable energy sources in order to be sustainable. At the same time, this fuel production could offer additional flexibility for the power system. This article investigates the opportunities and challenges of electricity-based fuels and flexible electricity-based fuel production for the European power system. In a literature analysis, the pivotal role of electricity-based fuels for climate neutrality is confirmed. To analyze the impact of flexible fuel production, European power market simulations for the year 2035 are conducted. Results indicate that flexibilization leads to an increased integration of electricity based on renewable energy sources as well as reductions in both carbon dioxide emissions and total operational costs of the power system. However, very high flexibility levels also benefit high-emission power plants and may even lead to increased emissions.
12
Ericsson, Karin. "Potential for the Integrated Production of Biojet Fuel in Swedish Plant Infrastructures." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 6531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Replacing fossil jet fuel with biojet fuel is an important step towards reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aviation. To this end, Sweden has adopted a GHG mandate on jet fuel, complementing those on petrol and diesel. The GHG mandate on jet fuel requires a gradual reduction in the fuel’s GHG emissions to up to 27% by 2030. This paper estimates the potential production of biojet fuel in Sweden for six integrated production pathways and analyzes what they entail with regard to net biomass input and the amount of hydrogen required for upgrading to fuel quality. Integrated production of biofuel intermediates from forestry residues and by-products at combined heat and power plants as well as at the forest industry, followed by upgrading to biojet fuel and other transportation fuels at a petroleum refinery, was assumed in all the pathways. The potential output of bio-based transportation fuels was estimated to 90 PJ/y, including 22 PJ/y of biojet fuel. The results indicate that it will be possible to meet the Swedish GHG mandate for jet fuel for 2030, although it will be difficult to simultaneously achieve the GHG mandates for road transportation fuels. This highlights the importance of pursuing complementary strategies for bio-based fuels.
13
Asnawi, Muhammad, Abdul Rahman, and Nurul Islami. "Study on Performance and Emission of Diesel Engine Using Palm Oil Biofuel-Diesel Blends." Proceedings of Malikussaleh International Conference on Multidisciplinary Studies (MICoMS) 3 (January 26, 2023): 00050. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/micoms.v3i.214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The addition of biofuel to diesel increases the fuel's stability, density, viscosity, energy content, and cetane number Blending biodiesel and diesel improves the viscosity of the combined fuel in comparison to diesel fuel. Recently, studies on optimizing the use of biodiesel diesel fuel have begun to examine the effects on diesel engine components and the energy conversion efficiency of biodiesel fuel use. The addition of supplements from other natural fuels is an effective option to improve energy conversion efficiency, but the blending effect causes changes in fuel properties. Therefore, further analysis is needed to meet the fuel standards used in diesel engines. This study is to obtain a clearer analysis of the effect of biofuel addition on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions. Measurements of experiment variables such as Torque, thermal efficiency, power, bsfc, and gas emission obtained from sensors installed in each part of the laboratory scale of diesel engine. The result shows blends of biofuel and diesel can be used as alternative fuels in conventional diesel engines. The variation of power generated by both of fuel mixture shows average power without any major changes. The thermal efficiency of 30% biofuel average is better across all engine speed variations whereas the carbon monoxide variation decreases towards the same amount at 3000 rpm.
14
Beyersdorf, A. J., M. T. Timko, L. D. Ziemba, D. Bulzan, E. Corporan, S. C. Herndon, R. Howard, et al. "Reductions in aircraft particulate emissions due to the use of Fischer–Tropsch fuels." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 6 (June 10, 2013): 15105–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-15105-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The use of alternative fuels for aviation is likely to increase due to concerns over fuel security, price stability and the sustainability of fuel sources. Concurrent reductions in particulate emissions from these alternative fuels are expected because of changes in fuel composition including reduced sulfur and aromatic content. The NASA Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX) was conducted in January–February 2009 to investigate the effects of synthetic fuels on gas-phase and particulate emissions. Standard petroleum JP-8 fuel, pure synthetic fuels produced from natural gas and coal feedstocks using the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process, and 50% blends of both fuels were tested in the CFM-56 engines on a DC-8 aircraft. To examine plume chemistry and particle evolution with time, samples were drawn from inlet probes positioned 1, 30, and 145 m downstream of the aircraft engines. No significant alteration to engine performance was measured when burning the alternative fuels. However, leaks in the aircraft fuel system were detected when operated with the pure FT fuels as a result of the absence of aromatic compounds in the fuel. Dramatic reductions in soot emissions were measured for both the pure FT fuels (reductions of 84% averaged over all powers) and blended fuels (64%) relative to the JP-8 baseline with the largest reductions at idle conditions. The alternative fuels also produced smaller soot (e.g. at 85% power, volume mean diameters were reduced from 78 nm for JP-8 to 51 nm for the FT fuel), which may reduce their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The reductions in particulate emissions are expected for all alternative fuels with similar reductions in fuel sulfur and aromatic content regardless of the feedstock. As the plume cools downwind of the engine, nucleation-mode aerosols form. For the pure FT fuels, reductions (94% averaged over all powers) in downwind particle number emissions were similar to those measured at the exhaust plane (84%). However, the blended fuels had less of a reduction (reductions of 30–44%) than initially measured (64%). The likely explanation is that the reduced soot emissions in the blended fuel exhaust plume results in promotion of new particle formation microphysics, rather than coating on pre-existing soot particles, which is dominant in the JP-8 exhaust plume. Downwind particle volume emissions were reduced for both the pure (79 and 86% reductions) and blended FT fuels (36 and 46%) due to the large reductions in soot emissions. In addition, the alternative fuels had reduced particulate sulfate production (near-zero for FT fuels) due to decreased fuel sulfur content. To study the formation of volatile aerosols (defined as any aerosol formed as the plume ages) in more detail, tests were performed at varying ambient temperatures (−4 to 20 °C). At idle, particle number and volume emissions were reduced linearly with increasing ambient temperature, with best fit slopes corresponding to −1.2 × 106 # (kg fuel)−1 °C−1 for particle number emissions and −9.7 mm3 (kg fuel)−1 °C−1 for particle volume emissions. The temperature dependence of aerosol formation can have large effects on local air quality surrounding airports in cold regions. Aircraft produced aerosols in these regions will be much larger than levels expected based solely on measurements made directly at the engine exit plane. The majority (90% at idle) of the volatile aerosol mass formed as nucleation-mode aerosols with a smaller fraction as a soot coating. Conversion efficiencies of up to 3.8% were measured for the partitioning of gas-phase precursors (unburned hydrocarbons and SO2) to form volatile aerosols. Highest conversion efficiencies were measured at 45% power.
15
Tîrtea, Raluca-Nicoleta, and Cosmin Mărculescu. "Aspects of using biomass as energy source for power generation." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractBiomass represents an important source of renewable energy in Romania with about 64% of the whole available green energy. Being a priority for the energy sector worldwide, in our country the development stage is poor compared to solar and wind energy. Biomass power plants offer great horizontal economy development, local and regional economic growth with benefic effects on life standard. The paper presents an analysis on biomass to power conversion solutions compared to fossil fuels using two main processes: combustion and gasification. Beside the heating value, which can be considerably higher for fossil fuels compared to biomass, a big difference between fossil fuels and biomass can be observed in the sulphur content. While the biomass sulphur content is between 0 and approximately 1%, the sulphur content of coal can reach 4%. Using coal in power plants requires important investments in installations of flue gas desulfurization. If limestone is used to reduce SO2emissions, then additional carbon dioxide moles will be released during the production of CaO from CaCO3. Therefore, fossil fuels not only release a high amount of carbon dioxide through burning, but also through the caption of sulphur dioxide, while biomass is considered CO2neutral. Biomass is in most of the cases represented by residues, so it is a free fuel compared to fossil fuels. The same power plant can be used even if biomass or fossil fuels is used as a feedstock with small differences. The biomass plant could need a drying system due to high moisture content of the biomass, while the coal plant will need a desulfurization installation of flue gas and additional money will be spent with fuel purchasing.
16
Gowri, G. Vijaya, M. Kannan, and A. Murugesan. "Investigation of Neem Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester for Electric Power Generation." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v4.i2.pp59-65.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Producing an efficient alternative renewable fuel for power generation is the solution for today’s power crisis. As the oil prices are increasing day- by- day and the fossil fuels are depleting, why to rely on the fossil fuels for energy?. One of the alternative fuels is bio-fuel which can be obtained from sewage, garbage and waste vegetable oils which would otherwise be difficult to dispose leading to pollution. Biodiesel is a substitute for petroleum-based diesel which is derived from vegetable oils by the process of trans-esterification. Biodiesel is prevalently used as automobile fuel. Ethyl esters produced by trans-esterification can be used for rural electrification. In this paper, the electrified quality output obtained using different blends of ethyl ester with diesel and the efficiencies for each blend and pure diesel are studied and the results show that power generation using ethyl ester for rural population will be efficient, reliable and economical.
17
Ciupek, Bartosz, Rafał Urbaniak, and Karolina Perz. "Analysis of technical parameters of black coals used in low–power boilers." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.418.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the results of technical analysis of black coals available in retail sales in Poland. A comprehensive list of fuel technical parameters and analysis of the possibilities of their use in low-power boilers was supported by the experience of the authors of the study. A thorough analysis of technical parameters of fuels concerned basic thermodynamic parameters of fuels responsible for the quality of thermal processes occurring in boilers. The collected data is presented in a uniform description of the current state of the sold fuels. In the last point, the researchers were looking at the technical aspects of the fuels offered in relation to the existing emission standard for low-power boilers.
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Bromley, Blair Patrick, Geoffrey W. R. Edwards, and Pranavan Sambavalingam. "POWER LEVEL EFFECTS ON THORIUM-BASED FUELS IN PRESSURE-TUBE HEAVY WATER REACTORS." CNL Nuclear Review 5, no. 1 (June 2016): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/cnr.2015.00061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lattice and core physics modeling and calculations have been performed to quantify the impact of power/flux levels on the reactivity and achievable burnup for 35-element fuel bundles made with Pu/Th or U-233/Th. The fissile content in these bundles has been adjusted to produce on the order of 20 MWd/kg burnup in homogeneous cores in a 700 MWe-class pressure-tube heavy water reactor, operating on a once-through thorium cycle. Results demonstrate that the impact of the power/flux level is modest for Pu/Th fuels but significant for U-233/Th fuels. In particular, high power/flux reduces the breeding and burnup potential of U-233/Th fuels. Thus, there may be an incentive to operate reactors with U-233/Th fuels at a lower power density or to develop alternative refueling schemes that will lower the time-average specific power, thereby increasing burnup.
19
Kijo-Kleczkowska, Agnieszka, Magdalena Szumera, and Katarzyna Środa. "Thermal Analysis of Solid Fuels in an Inert Atmosphere." Archives of Mining Sciences 62, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 731–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amsc-2017-0052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The paper takes the analysis of thermal studies of different types of fuels. It allowed diversification of fuels depending on their composition and origin. Consideration of coal, biomass and waste (coal mule, sewage sludge) as fuel is nowadays an important aspect of energy in our country. It should be emphasized that Poland power engineering is based up to 95% on coal - the primary fuel. Mining industry, forced to deliver power engineering more and better fuel, must however, use a deeper cleaning of coal. This results in a continuous increase waste in the form of mule flotation. The best method of disposing these mule is combustion and co-combustion with other fuels. On the other hand, commonly increasing awareness state of the environment and the need to reduce CO2 emissions energy industry have committed to implement alternative solutions in order to gain power, through, i.a.: development technologies use of biomass, which is one of the most promising renewable energy sources in Poland. The paper presents the results of research TG-DTA fuels made in an inert atmosphere.
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Itodo, Isaac N., Dorcas K. Yakubu, and Theresa K. Kaankuka. "The Effects of Biogas Fuel in an Electric Generator on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Power Output, and Fuel Consumption." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 4 (2019): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13394.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The rising cost of fossil fuels, global warming from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, unreliable grid supply electricity, and overdependence on hydropower electricity have resulted in low electricity per capita in Nigeria. This study was undertaken to produce, purify, and use biogas as a fuel to generate electricity with a 3.5 kW spark-ignition engine generator and determine its effect on GHG emissions, power output, and fuel consumption. Unpurified and purified biogas were used as fuels. The biogas was purified in water and in a calcium chloride solution. The fuels used to power the generator were gasoline, unpurified biogas, water-purified biogas, and calcium chloride-purified biogas. The GHGs measured were carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide. The biogas was produced with a 3 m3 capacity floating-drum biogas plant. The total solids concentration and carbon/nitrogen ratio of the influent and effluent slurries were determined. The effects of fuel type on GHG emissions were determined in a 4 × 4 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The effects of fuel type on power output and fuel consumption of the generator were determined in a 4 × 2 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance at p = 0.05. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate means when there was significant difference. The results obtained showed that carbon dioxide emission was not affected by purification of the biogas because the carbon dioxide emissions from the fuel types were not significantly different. The carbon monoxide emission was much higher from the unpurified biogas than from the purified biogas fuels, although gasoline had the highest carbon monoxide emission. The water-purified biogas had the least carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide emissions. The unpurified biogas had the least nitrogen oxide emission compared to the purified biogas fuels and gasoline. The power output from the unpurified biogas was not significantly different from that of gasoline and was higher than the purified biogas fuels. The fuel consumptions of the purified biogas fuels were not significantly different. The water-purified biogas is recommended for use as fuel for the production of electricity from a spark-ignition engine generator. Keywords: Biogas, Effects, Electricity, Fuel consumption, Greenhouse gas emissions, Power output.
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Machado, Guilherme Bastos, Tadeu C. Cordeiro de Melo, and Arthur C. de Albuquerque Fonseca Candido. "Flex-fuel engine: Influence of ethanol content on power and efficiencies." International Journal of Engine Research 22, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419833257.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gasoline is a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons, with a wide spectrum of constituents. Surrogate fuels have a reduced number of chemical components and therefore are used to model commercial fuels and enhance the understanding of fuel behavior in internal combustion engines. Surrogates also allow better fuel property control. In previous work, a surrogate fuel blend of iso-octane, n-heptane, toluene and ethanol was found to be suitable for commercial, high-octane, oxygenated Brazilian gasoline. This article investigates the influence on a Flex-fuel engine power and efficiencies of different ethanol levels in this surrogate fuel blend. The study found some different trends when comparing to other works in the literature. This article intends to make contributions presenting more detailed analyses of how fuel properties can influence several Flex-fuel engine performance parameters.
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Ingawale, Shrikant Madan, J. S. Bagi, and L. S. Nikam. "Comparative study of a performance of an internal combustion engine and its emission working on conventional fuel (Diesel) and alternative fuel (Bio-CNG)." Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30464/jmee.2022.6.1.67.
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Currently, the world is facing problems regarding environmental pollutions due to the combustion of fossil fuels. The combustion of fossil fuels emits greenhouse gases that lead to the greenhouse effect. The main symptom of the greenhouse effect is increased earth surface temperature. Also, the resources of fossil fuels are depleting rapidly and can take thousands of years to reproduce, so the time has come to go for lesser polluting renewable fuels. In this research, Bio-CNG is considered as an alternative fuel to conventional fuel i.e. Diesel. The performance test on four-stroke IC Engines working on the Bio-CNG and Diesel fuel is conducted simultaneously. The performance parameters such as Brake Power, Indicated Power, Thermal Efficiencies, Mechanical, Volumetric efficiency for both fuels are compared. Along with the performance, the emission is also recorded and compared. The results have shown that Bio-CNG has slightly less performance ability for similar engines working on Diesel fuel. But this study also shows that Bio-CNG possesses the ability to replace the conventional fuel with some engine and exhaust system modifications. The higher calorific value (47000kJ/kg) and lower or negligible carbon emission make it the best sustainable fuel substitute to conventional fuel i.e. Diesel.
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Gis, Wojciech, Maciej Gis, Piotr Wiśniowski, and Mateusz Bednarski. "An Attempt to Reduce the Emission of Spark-Ignition Engine with Mixtures of Bioethanol and Gasoline as Substitute Fuels." Journal of KONES 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0054.
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Abstract Limiting emissions of harmful substances is a key task for vehicle manufacturers. Excessive emissions have a negative impact not only on the environment, but also on human life. A significant problem is the emission of nitrogen oxides as well as solid particles, in particular those up to a diameter of 2.5 microns. Carbon dioxide emissions are also a problem. Therefore, work is underway on the use of alternative fuels to power the vehicle engines. The importance of alternative fuels applies to spark ignition engines. The authors of the article have done simulation tests of the Renault K4M 1.6 16v traction engine for emissions for fuels with a volumetric concentration of bioethanol from 10 to 85 percent. The analysis was carried out for mixtures as substitute fuels – without doing any structural changes in the engine's crankshafts. Emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, oxygen at full throttle for selected rotational speeds as well as selected engine performance parameters such as maximum power, torque, hourly and unit fuel consumption were determined. On the basis of the simulation tests performed, the reasonableness of using the tested alternative fuels was determined on the example of the drive unit without affecting its constructions, in terms of e.g. issue. Maximum power, torque, and fuel consumption have also been examined and compared. Thus, the impact of alternative fuels will be determined not only in terms of emissions, but also in terms of impact on the parameters of the power unit.
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Buzikov, Sh V., O. P. Matushkin, and Yu N. Matushkina. "Development of a bi-fuel power supply system for a diesel engine." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1227, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1227/1/012009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The relevance of the study is due to the lack of systems in which the proportions of the used fuels in the mixture and the values of the cycle supply are simultaneously controlled depending on the load-speed mode of the diesel engine. The aim of the research is to develop a design for a bi-fuel power supply system for a diesel engine, which allows for the simultaneous regulation of the proportions of the components of a mixture consisting of alternative and diesel fuels, as well as the values of the cyclic supply of this mixture to the diesel cylinders. As a result of the research, an algorithm was calculated for the simultaneous control of the proportions of the components of a mixture consisting of alternative and diesel fuels, as well as the values of the cyclic supply of this mixture to the diesel cylinders. As a result of the operation of the fuel supply system on mixtures of diesel and alternative fuels according to the developed algorithm, it made it possible to achieve the identical operation of a diesel engine on pure diesel fuel at all load-speed modes of diesel operation. Also, in the course of the research carried out, a bi-fuel power supply system for a diesel engine was developed, which makes it possible to simultaneously regulate the amount (cycle supply) and the composition of a mixture consisting of diesel and alternative fuel supplied to the diesel cylinders, depending on the speed and load modes of operation.
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Janeba-Bartoszewicz, Edyta. "Analysis of fuel properties applied at a structure of aircraft." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 20, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2019): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.045.
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The article presents the current status of liquid fuels used in aviation. The physicochemical properties of these liquids are discussed against the background of the type of aviation and mission. Aviation fuels are mixtures of hydrocarbons most often obtained from conservative or processing crude oil, supplemented with additives improving their exploitation properties. Currently, aviation fuels occur in two basic types: fuels for turbojet engines and fuels for piston engines. The basic fuel for commercial air transport and military aviation is fuel for turbo-propeller engines. Synthetic compounds and various types of alternative fuels are used more rarely as aviation fuels. A specific role is played by hydrazine used in the emergency power supply system of aircraft, for example, in multi-purpose fighter planes F-16.
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Kenanoğlu, Raif, M. Kaan Baltacioğlu, and Ertuğrul Baltacioğlu. "Numerical Comparison of HHO and HHOCNG Fuel Performance Analysis with Pilot Diesel Injection." Advanced Engineering Forum 18 (September 2016): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.18.58.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays, alternative fuels usage is increasing due to limited oil reserves and increasing petrol demands. There are many advantages and disadvantages of alternative fuels when used alone. In this study, alternative fuels with various specifications are mixed in different proportions to tolerate these disadvantages. Hydroxy (HHO) and hydroxy enriched compressed natural gas (HHOCNG) fuel mixtures with pilot diesel injection was used as dual-fuels on a non-modified diesel engine and investigated their performance parameters such as torque (T), power (P), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and volumetric efficiency (ηv). This study conducted with AVL Boost simulation program and all graphs are plotted to compare HHO and HHOCNG fuel mixtures performance outputs, additionally all results are compared with neat diesel performance values. The general results show that, HHOCNG enrichment has the best improvement values with respect to single HHO enrichment. Overall improvements for BSFC, torque, power and IMEP values of 25 HHOCNG are 4,086%, 1.67%, 4.13% and 3.67%, respectively.
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Mustafa, Ahmed Nawfal, Obed Majeed Ali, and Omar Rafae Alomar. "Effect of Heavy Fuel Combustion in a Gas Power Plant on Turbine Performance: A Review." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 17, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.170113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current review focuses on the utilization of heavy fuel in operating gas turbine and their effect on the power plant performance. The literature survey includes a comparison of the different studies to reveal the effect of the fuel property on the combustion efficiency and fuel consumption. the most important of which is the generation of electric power by heavy fuels in power stations that use turbines. Gas turbine is becoming increasingly widespread in electric power generation and other branches of industry. It is known that the thermal efficiency of an open gas turbine cycle varies according to the type of fuel used in the plant. Gas turbines are particularly suitable for fuels with materials that have physical and chemical properties that help in continuous combustion and therefore the ease inherent in Fuel injection and mixture preparation.
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Gracz, Weronika, Damian Marcinkowski, Wojciech Golimowski, Filip Szwajca, Maria Strzelczyk, Jacek Wasilewski, and Paweł Krzaczek. "Multifaceted Comparison Efficiency and Emission Characteristics of Multi-Fuel Power Generator Fueled by Different Fuels and Biofuels." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 3388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123388.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The negative effect of liquid and gaseous fuel combustion is toxic gases (i.e., carbon and nitrogen oxides NOx) and particulate matter (PM) formation. The content of harmful and toxic components of exhaust gases is strongly dependent on the quality and type of burnt fuel. Experimental research is required to verify the use of current technical and technological solutions for the production of electricity on farms, using various types of conventional fuels and biofuels. The aim of the current research was to comprehensively verify the use of commonly available fuels and biofuels without adapting the internal combustion engine. Gaseous fuels—propane-butane mixture (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG) and biogas (BG)—were added to liquid fuels—methyl esters of higher fatty acids (RME) and diesel fuel (DF)—in six different power configurations to evaluate the effect on the emission of toxic gases: carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitric dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM), and the efficiency of fuel conversion. The use of RME in various configurations with gaseous fuels increased the emission of oxides and reduced the emission of PM. Increasing the share of LPG and CNG significantly increased the level of NO emissions. The use of gaseous fuels reduced the efficiency of the generator, particularly in the case of co-firing with DF. For medium and high loads, the lowest decrease in efficiency was recorded for the RME configuration with BG. Taking into account the compromise between individual emissions and the configuration of RME with BG, the most advantageous approach is to use it in power generators.
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Furukawa, Naoki, Yoshihiro Hirata, Soichiro Sameshima, and Naoki Matsunaga. "Evaluation of Electric Power of SOFC Using Reformed Biogas." Materials Science Forum 761 (July 2013): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.761.11.
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Biogas of about 60 % CH4 -40% CO2 composition is produced from waste food or drainage. Electrochemical reforming of CH4 with CO2 using a porous gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) cell is an attractive process to produce a H2-CO fuel used in solid oxide fuel cell. The supplied CO2 is converted to CO and O2- ions by the reaction with electrons at cathode (CO2 + 2e- → CO + O2-). The produced CO and O2- ions are transported to the anode through a porous mixed conductor GDC electrolyte. In the anode CH4 reacts with O2- ions to produce CO, H2 and electrons (CH4 + O2- → CO + 2H2 + 2e-). This process suppresses the carbon deposition from CH4. The formed H2 and CO fuels were supplied to a solid oxide fuel cell with dense GDC electrolyte (Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9). The open circuit voltage and maximum power density were measured for the reformed gas and for a pure H2 fuel. Little difference in the electric power was measured at 1073 K for both the fuels.
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Gould, Paula. "Energetic fuels provide muscle power." Materials Today 9, no. 5 (May 2006): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(06)71482-1.
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Manohar, D. P. Jesudoss, and T. Jayaprakasam. "SOLAR POWER THE SUPER POWER." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 1(SE) (January 31, 2017): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i1(se).2017.1922.
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India is facing an acute energy scarcity which is hampering its industrial growth and economic progress. Setting up of new power plants is inevitably dependent on import of highly volatile fossil fuels. Thus, it is essential to tackle the energy crisis through judicious utilization of abundant the renewable energy resources, such as Biomass Energy solar Energy, Wind Energy and Geothermal Energy. Apart from augmenting the energy supply, renewable resources will help India in mitigating climate change. India is heavily dependent on fossil fuels for its energy needs. Most of the power generation is carried out by coal and mineral oil-based power plants which contribute heavily to greenhouse gases emission. Solar Power a clean renewable resource with zero emission, has got tremendous potential of energy which can be harnessed using a variety of devices.
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Ishika Shyamkishore, Saket Mundra, and Ramesh Bhande. "Alternative Transportation Fuels." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 7, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 044–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2022.7.2.0123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy is a necessity for economic development. Energy is used extensively in transportation and power generation. Human civilization would not have advanced to modern living standards without the transportation of millions of personalized and mass transport vehicles and the availability of 24x7 power. The global economy and society are heavily reliant on energy availability because it touches every aspect of human life and activity. Because of the rising population and urbanization, energy demand has skyrocketed. Thus, growing energy consumption has resulted in the world becoming increasingly reliant on fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. Therefore, a sustainable energy path must be developed. Fossil fuels provide more than 80% of global consumption and more than 95% of global transportation energy. While global fossil fuel reserves are depleting, global energy demand is rising due to the evolution of energy-intensive lifestyles. To improve energy security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is critical to investigate alternative fuels for the transportation sector. This paper summarizes the information on current transportation fuels and the potential use case of alternative transportation fuels.
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Han, Da Ming, Shi Qiang Sun, and Shu Quan Li. "Coal Hybrid Heavy Aromatics Vehicle by Fuel of Experimental Research." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.260.
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With the rapidly developing of our country's economy, the demand of diesel fuel is increasing. But the fuel resource is limited. Because diesel fuel's incomplete combustion can pollute environment, it is getting more and more attention of people. The current problems of saving energy and reducing consumption needed to resolve, especially diesel particulate after combustion emissions are gasoline 30 to 70 times. The environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust already quite serious, in this new clean diesel exploring alternative fuels is imperative, the research of this aspect has also been the world attention. A bench test of 490QB diesel engine was conducted with self-developed heavy aromatic fuel mixture of coal. Road test proves that using heavy aromatic fuel mixture of coal on diesel fuel can save fuel. The power performance of heavy aromatic fuel mixture of coal was equivalent, and fuel consumption decreased and smoke emissions reduced obviously compared with common diesel fuels.
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Goodwin, John L., and Daniel Mahr. "Power Player." Mechanical Engineering 125, no. 07 (July 1, 2003): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-jul-2.
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This article discusses about power station, the Nucla Station, Nucla. This station meant a new fuel source and a major upgrade of the coal handling system, to trim production costs and enable the plant to process more of a lower-grade fuel. Nucla had the modest beginnings in the Rural Electrification Authority program, when Colorado Ute constructed it in 1959. The station had three stoker-fired boilers, each serving a 12-MW steam turbine. The plant provided reliable power to a scenic, but remote area on the western slope of Colorado. A primary advantage of AFBC technology is its ability to use lower-grade fuels that would perform poorly in other boilers. Tri-State reviewed Nucla’s fuel requirements and potential sources. The plant was trucking in coal from more than 100 miles away, which added a considerable cost. This expense could be trimmed if a local coal source was available. The combination of a new, cheaper source of fuel and a better, more economical coal handling system now enables the 40-year-old Nucla Station to thrive as a competitive power generator.
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Tijani, M. A., G. A. Adepoju, and M. O. Okelola. "Optimization approaches to generation dispatch problems: Review of Nigerian power system." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 19, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v19i2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fossil fuels are very important fuel for electricity generation. These fuels are limited in availability and produce emissions that are hazardous to the environment, hence, their usage are required to be minimized. The power system analysis that minimizes the consumption of fossil fuels by generating units in a power system is termed Generation Dispatch. This is a power system planning problem that need to be solved accurately considering different factors and constraints. The Nigerian power system was deregulated more than a decade and half ago and a critical review of its Generation Dispatch Problem (GDP) solutions was carried out in this work. The review x-rayed the types of GDP, factors and/or constraints considered, and the optimization method employed for GDP solutions of Nigerian power system. Results of the review revealed that not much has been done and suggested research directions for work on the GDP of Nigerian power system.
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Gil, Leszek, Daniel Pieniak, Edward Kozłowski, and Jarosław Selech. "IMPACT OF SELECTED BIOFUELS AND DIESEL AS LUBRICANTS ON THE STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION AND COURSE OF SLIDING FRICTION COEFFICIENTS FOR THE KINEMATIC PAIR 100Cr6-100Cr6." Tribologia 288, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7762.
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One of the functions of engine fuels is the lubrication of engine injection equipment components. The elements of the injection system are lubricated only with the fuel used to power the engine; therefore, the lubricity and its impact on the elements of the engine injection system are an important issue. The share of biofuels to power internal combustion engines is constantly increasing, because EU Member States are required to use fuel with the addition of biocomponents to power vehicle engines. These fuels are more ecological compared to petroleum fuels. Therefore, it is also necessary to identify the lubricating properties of these fuels, which can significantly affect wear processes. In order to identify wear indicators, laboratory tests were carried out to determine the lubricating properties of biofuels based on vegetable oils in relation to diesel fuel. Tribological tests were carried out for the ball-disc friction node of 100Cr6 material, which is most often used in the construction of precision pairs of injection equipment. Comparative tests were carried out for samples immersed in a fuel bath on a CSM tribometer. The friction coefficient waveforms as a function of friction distance and sample load were determined. The measured force values indicate a significant impact of the fuel used on the operating conditions and consumption in the kinematic pair being the subject of the work.
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Hämäläinen, K. M., H. Jungner, O. Antson, J. Räsänen, K. Tormonen, and J. Roine. "Measurement of Biocarbon in Flue Gases Using 14C." Radiocarbon 49, no. 2 (2007): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200042259.
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A preliminary investigation of the biocarbon fraction in carbon dioxide emissions of power plants using both fossil- and biobased fuels is presented. Calculation of the biocarbon fraction is based on radiocarbon content measured in power plant flue gases. Samples were collected directly from the chimneys into plastic sampling bags. The 14C content in CO2 was measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Flue gases from power plants that use natural gas, coal, wood chips, bark, plywood residue, sludge from the pulp factory, peat, and recovered fuel were measured. Among the selected plants, there was one that used only fossil fuel and one that used only biofuel; the other investigated plants burned mixtures of fuels. The results show that 14C measurement provides the possibility to determine the ratio of bio and fossil fuel burned in power plants.
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Kabeyi, Moses Jeremiah Barasa, and Oludolapo Akanni Olanrewaju. "Biogas Production and Applications in the Sustainable Energy Transition." Journal of Energy 2022 (July 9, 2022): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8750221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biogas is competitive, viable, and generally a sustainable energy resource due to abundant supply of cheap feedstocks and availability of a wide range of biogas applications in heating, power generation, fuel, and raw materials for further processing and production of sustainable chemicals including hydrogen, and carbon dioxide and biofuels. The capacity of biogas based power has been growing rapidly for the past decade with global biogas based electricity generation capacity increasing from 65 GW in 2010 to 120 GW in 2019 representing a 90% growth. This study presents the pathways for use of biogas in the energy transition by application in power generation and production of fuels. Diesel engines, petrol or gasoline engines, turbines, microturbines, and Stirling engines offer feasible options for biogas to electricity production as prme movers. Biogas fuel can be used in both spark ignition (petrol) and compression ignition engines (diesel) with varying degrees of modifications on conventional internal combustion engines. In internal combustion engines, the dual-fuel mode can be used with little or no modification compared to full engine conversion to gas engines which may require major modifications. Biogas can also be used in fuel cells for direct conversion to electricity and raw material for hydrogen and transport fuel production which is a significant pathway to sustainable energy development. Enriched biogas or biomethane can be containerized or injected to gas supply mains for use as renewable natural gas. Biogas can be used directly for cooking and lighting as well as for power generation and for production of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuels. Upgraded biogas/biomethane which can also be used to process methanol fuel. Compressed biogas (CBG) and liquid biogas (LBG) can be reversibly made from biomethane for various direct and indirect applications as fuels for transport and power generation. Biogas can be used in processes like combined heat and power generation from biogas (CHP), trigeneration, and compression to Bio-CNG and bio-LPG for cleaned biogas/biomethane. Fuels are manufactured from biogas by cleaning, and purification before reforming to syngas, and partial oxidation to produce methanol which can be used to make gasoline. Syngas is used in production of alcohols, jet fuels, diesel, and gasoline through the Fischer-Tropsch process.
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Ободович, О. М., Г. К. Іваницький, Б. Целень, Н. Л. Радченко, А. Й. Недбайло, and В. В. Шуляк. "MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF FUELS PRODUCTION PROCESSES BASED ON WATER-OIL EMULSION BY HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION METHOD." Modern engineering and innovative technologies, no. 24-01 (December 30, 2019): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30890/2567-5273.2022-24-01-025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, in connection with the global energy crisis, the issue of developing technologies for new types of fuels is becoming urgent. An alternative to traditional fuels used at thermal power facilities is water-oil fuel, the use of which is expedient from
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Norwazan, A. R., A. K. Zulkiffli, and M. S. Abd Rahim. "Experimental Evaluation of Cooking Oil (Carotene Oil) as Biodiesel Blended on Compression Ignition (CI) Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 2234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2234.
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Biodiesel is an alternative fuels for diesel engine with the blending process by chemically combination of vegetable or animal oil and diesel fuels. It is proved that the biodiesel can be used without any modification on the compression ignition (CI) engine. In this study, the cooking oil of namely carotene is used to produce the biodiesel blend fuels in various percentages. The biodiesel blend and diesel fuel are evaluated to analyze the engine performances in 4 cylinder inline CI engine. The characteristics of engine performances namely brake power output and brake specific fuel consumption are measured with various loads applied. The fuel properties of biodiesel blend are investigated namely density, dynamics viscosity and kinetic viscosity. The experimental results show that the performance of biodiesel B10 is better than it counterpart namely diesel in terms of brake power output and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC).
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Mills, J. S., and D. R. Kendall. "The Quantification and Improvement of the Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuel." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 108, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239915.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studies of the propensity of aviation turbine fuels to lacquer engine oil-coolers that were described in an earlier paper have been extended to cover a wider range of fuels. Fuel performance was found to vary widely; some fuels were liable to lacquer oil-coolers to the extent of producing significant losses in efficiency at the most severe operating conditions currently encountered. Oxidation studies conducted in parallel with the rig investigations indicate that a fuel’s performance is strongly dependent on its tendency to initiate radical oxidation reactions. The relatively high initiation rate of less stable fuels is believed to be due in part to their trace content of metals that catalyze oxidation reactions. Accordingly, an approved metal deactivating additive has been examined as a means of improving the performance of such fuels.
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Song, Jian Tong, and Chun Hua Zhang. "Comparison of Performance of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Soybean Biodiesel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 1408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.1408.
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Biodiesel as a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils has better lubricating properties and much higher cetane ratings than today's lower sulfur diesel fuels. It is considered as an attractive alternative to replace diesel fuels. In order to investigate application of biodiesel on vehicle diesel engines, the power and fuel economies performances of a diesel fueled soybean biodiesel with different blending ratios were tested under different engine loads and speeds. Experimental results show that, compared with diesel fuel, with increase in the biodiesel in the blends, the brake power and torque, and the brake specific energy consumption increase but the fuel consumption per hour and brake specific fuel consumption decrease.
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Veronica, A. Jeya, and N. Senthil Kumar. "Development of hybrid microgrid model for frequency stabilization." Wind Engineering 41, no. 5 (August 2, 2017): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x17723203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Power systems of today are highly complex and highly interconnected. It generates electricity by burning fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, diesel, nuclear fuel, etc.), which produces harmful gases and particles, pollutes environment, and degrades lives. To mitigate the bad impact of burning fossil fuels and meet the increase in electrical system, demand distributed energy sources employing nonconventional energy sources like wind and solar are used. Electric power generation through the nonconventional energy sources has become more viable and cheaper than the fossil fuel–based power plants. This article explores the development of a microgrid model incorporating wind turbine generators, diesel generator, fuel cells, aqua electrolyzers, and battery energy storage systems. An optimization scheme for fixing the proportional–integral controller parameters of frequency regulation is developed for different possible combinations of wind power with other distributed energy resources in the microgrid.
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Krawczyk, Piotr, Krzysztof Badyda, and Aleksandra Mikołajczak. "The environmental impact of refuse derived fuel co-combustion with lignite." MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824005013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Legal regulations on waste disposal require waste producers to limit landfilling and to find different ways of waste management, the preferred methods being recycling of material and energy potential. Currently, in Poland, the only consumers of refuse-derived fuels (RDF) are cement plants. However, their ability to utilize alternative fuel is far from the estimated potential. One solution would be to redirect the excess fuel to power and heat production facilities. Unfortunately, these sectors are facing a number of problems related to the thermal treatment of waste, mainly formal nature. Co-combustion of waste in power plants raises a lot of concern among their employees and local communities. Especially significant is the harmfulness of usage of fuel from waste for the people’s lives or health, or the environment. The article compares the environmental footprints of the combustion process of: waste - based fuel (RDF) and lignite. The analysis was performed for a standard pulverized coal fired boiler. Comparative assessment was made by analyzing the total environmental impact of all combustion products of the two fuels. Final results have shown, that the environmental footprint of waste-based fuels can be similar or even smaller than traditional coal-based fuels
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Sidiq, Agus Noor. "Pengaruh Co-Firing Biomassa terhadap Efisiensi Boiler PLTU Batubara." KILAT 11, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/kilat.v11i1.1553.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of fossil fuels such as coal still dominates as fuel for power plants in the world. The use of fossil fuels in most power plants can increase Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions that affect climate change. Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources that is expected to reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions. The use of biomass energy sources as a mixture of fossil fuels known as co-firing in power plants has been widely done to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In this research will be reviewed the influence of biomass mixture on the efficiency of coal power plant boilers. The composition of the mixture as well as the type of biomass used will greatly affect the efficiency of the Boiler. The percentage of biomass composition as well as the right combustion settings will be able to produce optimal boiler efficiency. From the study in this research, it is hoped that it will be able to provide an overview of the performance of a power plant that performs co-firing so that in addition to getting the benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, good boiler efficiency is also obtained.
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Kotakar, Sandeep G., and Ravindra R. Navthar. "Controlling CO2 Emissions from Power Plants: A Environmental View." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 2049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We are aware of the present scientific concerns regarding greenhouse gas emissions and the role of fossil fuel use for power generation. Although the scientific and policy dialogue on global climate change is far from conclusive, we want to design high efficiency power generation equipment with the most modern technologies to utilize fossil fuels with the lowest possible emissions and technologies to remove and sequester carbon dioxide created in power plants in an environmentally and economically favorable manner. This paper is an overview of activities to study and develop controls for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from power generation. First, energy efficiency improvements for both new and Existing fossil fuel power plants are briefly reviewed for both coal and natural gas fuels. Greater depth is then given to options for CO2 capture and sequestration. These studies are looking at current and novel power generation technologies.
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Mathan Raj, V., Chetan Bharadwaj, Yash Mandal, and G. Manikandaraja. "Experimental Study on the effect of Di-Ethyl Carbonate in Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of CI Engine Fueled with Karanja Oil Blended." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In today’s world where the earth chokes on the pollution caused everyday by the human society the need for alternative means of fuels is now more than ever. We need to find alternative fuel sources as soon as possible as the health and environmental problems caused by the fossil fuels, we use on a daily basis now exceed the benefits provided by them. However, fuel sources which are clean in nature such as hydrogen have not been researched thoroughly enough for them to be implemented in practical use and power sources such as electric power though researched thoroughly and in current use cannot be implemented on a larger scale in such a short period of time. Hence biofuels I.e., fuels extracted from feed crops are our best chance to reduce the effect of pollution caused by fossil fuels. Vegetable oils are one such fuel source that can potentially replace the fossil fuels with none or minimal modifications to the existing engines. In this experimental study, performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Karanja oil blends (K-10, K-20, K-30) with mineral diesel and 5%DEC (Di-ethyl carbonate) additive were investigated in a CI engine at different engine loads and constant engine speed. Combustion analysis revealed that the combustion duration increased significantly even with smaller concentration of Karanja oil in the fuel blend.
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Elkafas, Ahmed, M. Rivarolo, and A. F. Massardo. "Assessment Of Alternative Marine Fuels from Environmental, Technical, and Economic Perspectives Onboard Ultra Large Container Ship." International Journal of Maritime Engineering 164, A2 (November 28, 2022): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v164ia2.768.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ship emissions reduction targets are pushing the maritime industry towards more sustainable and cleaner energy solutions. Marine fuels play a major role in this because of the emissions resulting from the combustion process associated with the prime mover(s), therefore, one of the technical solutions is to replace conventional marine fuels with cleaner fuels. Hence the aim of this study is to undertake environmental, technical, and economic analysis of alternative fuels to reduce the environmental footprint and lifetime costs of the long-distance shipping sector. As a case study, an ultra large container ship operating on the East-West trade route has been considered, and the analysis focus ed on natural gas and methanol as alternative fuels. This study adopted three approaches : environmental, technical, and economic methods to compare the alternative fuels with the conventional ones. The results showed that a dual-fuel engine operated by natural gas will reduce CO2, SOx, and NOx emissions by 28%, 98% and 85%, respectively , when compared with emission values for a diesel-powered engine. Furthermore, the reduction percentages reach 7%, 95% and 80% when using a dual-fuel engine operated by methanol, respectively. The proposed dual-fuel engines will improve the ship energy efficiency index by 26% and 7%, respectively. The study shows that methanol is the most economical alternative fuel for this container ship, replacing diesel with methanol, leads to a power system that is only 30% more expensive than the existing one. The analysis confirms that the cost of fuel has a major effect on the ship’s life cycle cost and that by reducing the fuel costs, the costs of the power system become more acceptable.
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Kristyadi, Tarsisius, Diki Ismail Permana, Muhammad Pramuda Nugraha Sirodz, Encu Saefudin, and Istvan Farkas. "Performance and Emission of Diesel Engine Fuelled by Commercial Bio-Diesel Fuels in Indonesia." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 25, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The performance and emission of a small diesel engine fuelled by commercial diesel fuel in Indonesia are present in this paper. Various commercial diesel fuels in Indonesia are produced and marketed by Pertamina. As the largest oil company in Indonesia, Pertamina has developed various diesel fuels, namely Solar, Biosolar (B30), Dexlite, and Pertadex. This study explains in more detail the performance, fuel consumption, and emission produced by the four types of fuels, and they were investigated experimentally using a single-cylinder diesel engine at various engine speeds, from 1,000 rpm to 4,500 rpm. The result shows the engine fuelled by Pertadex generates the highest power and torque, while the lowest is generated by the Biosolar fuelled engine. The maximum torque and power generated by the Pertadex fuelled engine are about 25.5 Nm and 7200 W, respectively. The engine fuelled by Pertadex has the lowest brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.3037 kg·kW·h, compared to the engines fuelled by the Dexlite, Solar, and Biosolar fuels, with values around 0.3127, 0.3215, and 0.3338 kg·kW·h, respectively. At the same time, the measurement of gas emissions, including CO2, CO, NOx, and HC was conducted simultaneously.
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Cao, Hai Quan, Yun Xue, and Xue Cheng Lu. "A Study of Bio-Diesel Application on 6L20(27) Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1905.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biomass alternative fuels have been around the world attention. This paper studies the characteristics of bio-diesel, bio-diesel by analyzing the physical, chemical properties, comparative bio-diesel and military advantages and disadvantages of diesel fuel come to bio-diesel is a diesel engine available in alternative fuels. In order to verify the heavy-duty off-road vehicles and light army vessel used biodiesel economy, power and reliability, we use the MAN-B & W6L20(27) diesel engine on the practical application of bio-diesel experiment results showed that: the security, power, oil consumption, emissions and reliability of all the available fuel to reach the target, it can be used as a safe alternative fuel use in diesel engines.