Дисертації з теми "Power plant equipment"

The delivery of medium and mega project has been a challenge for a number of decades, with attempts made to reduce the associated issues around engineering projects implementation. Project delivery before 1950 mainly relates to cost, time, and scope, with a lack of documentation pertaining to methods, as well as inadequate techniques to achieve a quality final product. The concept of Asset Operational Readiness (AOR) emanates in the 1950s from the military as means of providing the “developmental state of weapons systems”. The concept gained momentum as it was associated with “system safety” in the 1980s for decision-making. AOR can be defined as an establishment of a state or configuration which, after completion of the project, “places the right people in the right places at a right time working with the right hardware according to the right procedures and management controls”. The research work covered in this thesis, aims to propose a best-practice AOR framework for mega-projects in the power generation industry. A thorough Literature Review provides an overview of best practices on the AOR requirements for various industrial fields. The survey shows that AOR implementation follows the Project Life Cycle Management (PLCM) principles, from conceptual and pre-feasibility phases to commissioning and operation phases. In addition, the survey considers methodologies and techniques, which aids to enhance AOR framework development such as Root Cause Analysis (RCA) exercises. The study has provided an opportunity to develop an AOR theoretical framework refinement methodology, inclusive of RCA, AOR assessment tools, qualitative survey tool, and scoring systems. The AOR best practice framework and refinement methodology application to a real mega project case study, with historical data, enables a stage wise assessment of each component for individualized performance rating. This provides an identification of the areas that require refinement to have an improved AOR framework as outcome. The research outcome shows that there are implications for inadequate development and implementation of items in the proposed framework. The implications range from rework during manufacturing and construction, poor product quality delivery, poor performance post commissioning, and overall cost overruns. In addition, the study provides evidence that implementation of the AOR framework aids a project to realize its potential and yield positive results, which ultimately benefits an organization in terms of quality product delivery, cost reduction, and optimal Operations and Maintenance of the established asset.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Civil Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted

Low pressure steam turbine last stage blade behaviour was investigated and researched over duration of this PhD project period. The aim of the research was to enhance the life of last stage blades by investigation and mitigation of the accumulative damage throughout the life of the turbine blade. The research was mainly broken down in to three main themes covering erosion, High Cycle Fatigue in industrial service and High Cycle Fatigue under laboratory conditions. The three themes were then further analysed during the research analysis for correlation and the extent of accumulative damage contribution during each stage. An accumulative damage model was constructed together with mathematical expressions for each stage of accumulative damage. The erosion damage model was constructed first and separately, followed by a separate damage model for crack initiation and propagation. After this a combined damage model was constructed to represent accumulative damage throughout the turbine blade lifecycle. After the damage mechanisms were researched and understood, a damage mitigation model was constructed consisting of primary damage mechanisms and secondary damage mechanisms. The primary damage mechanisms were then investigated further and a life extension technique developed to increase turbine blade life by reducing damage rates per turbine start, giving more starts life capability to the last stage blades. The secondary mitigation mechanisms was not covered in this project and regarded as future work under the low pressure turbine life extension possibilities. The research work also gave a spin off which allowed the author to conduct and finish a separate piece of work of designing the problem out through redesigning the turbine blade and condenser space in conjunction with leading experts from the industry.

1.Гнатюк Л.Р. Особливості колірного вирішення дизайну інтерєрів гуртожитків студентів мистецьких напрямків / Л.Р. Гнатюк, Б. Вовченко // Збірник матеріалів міжнародної науково-практичної конференції «Актуальні проблеми сучасного дизайну». м. Київ, 20 квітня 2018, Київ: КНУТД, 2018. - Том 1.– С. 37–38. 2.Гнатюк Л.Р. Особливості освітлення загальноосвітніх шкіл / Л.Р. Гнатюк, Ю.Е. Кучеренко// Проблеми розвитку міського середовища. Науково-технічний збірник. – Вип. 1 (13). – К.: НАУ, 2015. – C. 103–111. 3. Руководство по летной эксплуатации самолета Ил-86. Книга 2, блок 1. М.: КБ им. С. В. Ильюшина, 1980, ООО "Авиа-Медиа", 2002-2007. — 586 с. 4. Руководство по летной эксплуатации самолета Ил-86. Книга 2, блок 2. М.: КБ им. С. В. Ильюшина, 1980, ООО "Авиа-Медиа", 2002-2007. — 677 с. 5. Головний сайт групи компаній ОАК «Ільюшин». URL: Іhttp://www.ilyushin.org
В роботі розглянуто загальну електросистему літаків та його освітлювальні прилади, а також запропоновано варіант корегування електропостачання та використання базового освітлення списаного літака Іл-86 при переобладнанні під гуртожиток.
The paper considers the general electrical system of aircraft and its lighting fixtures, as well as the option of adjusting the power supply and the use of basic lighting of the decommissioned aircraft IL-86 when converting to a dormitory.

In the event of a nuclear power plant accident, fission products could be released into the atmosphere potentially affecting the health of local citizens. In order to triage the possibly large number of people impacted, a detection device is needed that can acquire data quickly and that is sensitive to internal contamination. The portal monitor TPM-903B was investigated for use in the event of a fission product release. A list of fission products released from a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) was generated and separated into two groups--Group 1 (gamma- and beta-emitting fission products) and Group 2 (strictly beta-emitting fission products.) Group one fission products were used in the previously validated Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP) model of the portal monitor. Two MIRD anthropomorphic phantom types were implemented in the MCNP model--the Adipose Male and Child phantoms. Dose and Risk Calculation software (DCAL) provided inhalation biokinetic data that were applied to the output of the MCNP modeling to determine the radionuclide concentrations in each organ as a function of time. For each phantom type, these data were used to determine the total body counts associated with each individual gamma-emitting fission product. Corresponding adult and child dose coefficients were implemented to determine the total body counts per 250 mSv. A weighted sum of all of the isotopes involved was performed. The ratio of dose associated with gamma-emitting fission products to the total of all fission products was determined based on corresponding dose coefficients and relative abundance. This ratio was used to project the total body counts corresponding to 250mSv for the entire fission product release inhalation--including all types of radiation. The developed procedure sheets will be used by first response personnel in the event of a fission product release.

Power conservation has become a high priority to South African industries due to recent environmental assessments and electricity price hikes. This research aims to demonstrate to Industry the many simple and cost effective ways to increase their industrial efficiency with simple modifications, as well as making them more aware of common assembly errors that significantly increase power consumption. This has been accomplished with the design, construction and testing of a test rig capable of producing the desired test results which simulate Industry usage. A test rig was required to test certain energy efficient equipment. This dissertation contains an explanation of the tests required, as well as how they were conducted. These test requirements directed the design outcomes of the test rig. Due to the variety of equipment to be tested, and the accuracy required, the test rig had to be fully adjustable. The design process is explained in this dissertation, along with relevant theory with regard to the testing procedures. The testing procedures were designed to be as accurate as possible. The setup equipment and procedure is briefly explained to ensure an understanding of the capabilities of the test rig. This dissertation contains the results obtained from testing a variety of couplings, belts and motors under different conditions. The results obtained show the difference between the efficiency of a standard motor and that of a high efficiency motor. The efficiency comparison of the Poly V TM, Poly Chain® and SPB V-belts showed very distinct advantages and disadvantages of each belt. The coupling testing was conducted under conditions of misalignment, and resulted in distinct differences in the efficiencies of each coupling at different degrees of misalignments. The couplings tested were the Fenaflex®, the Quick-Flex®, and the Fenagrid® coupling. All results obtained were analyzed and discussed in the relevant sections. The results obtained showed that the high efficiency motor is significantly more efficient than the standard motor at full load, although at low loading, the motor efficiencies were very similar. The coupling tests showed the negative effects misalignment has on the efficiency of the Quick-Flex® and Fenagrid® coupling as well as the capability of the Fenaflex® coupling to withstand the effects of large misalignments without significant efficiency loss. v The belt testing revealed the advantages and disadvantages of each type of belt used. This showed that although the synchronous belt did not lose efficiency with decreased tension, it became unstable, and was difficult to keep on the pulley if not aligned correctly. The V-belts can handle low tension well. Prolonged use of the belts can cause them to stretch, lowering the tension into a “danger zone” that will cause the belts to slip. This slip can damage the belt and pulley. At the lower tension of the V-belt, although the efficiency increases slightly, the vibration of the slack side of the belt is significant, and can be dangerous as the belt could jump off the pulley. The Poly V TM belt has some of the advantages of the V-belt, except that it is unable to maintain its friction at low tension, as the belt width prevents it from being wedged into the grooves like the V-belt. The fluid coupling tests showed that the shock loading on a high inertia system can be significantly reduced with the aid of a fluid coupling. The reduced shock loading can reduce energy consumption, and increase the life of electric motors and the equipment that they drive by preventing excessive overloading.
Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

Economic assessment of power plants is one of the most critical steps before starting the project. Nowadays, investors and governments are looking for energy systems with lower investment costs leading to a shorter payback period. In the present research, economic and exergo-economic analysis of geothermal power plants has been conducted. This study has been divided into four different sections, (I) geothermal well drilling cost model generation, (II) power plant's equipment cost model generation, (III) entire geothermal power plants' economic model generation, and (IV) exergo-economic analysis of three geothermal case studies based on previous sections. QUE$TOR software is applied to calculate the costs of well drilling and power plant equipment, which is a robust and reliable cost estimator tool for well drilling and equipment costs, including a comprehensive cost database. Curve fitting and different optimization approaches have been applied in the models' generation process to reduce the deviations and calibration of obtained coefficients. The well drilling cost models are generated for different regions and countries based on the well number and depth. Also, the power plant's equipment cost models are proposed for the pump, heat exchangers, compressor, air-cooled condenser, and pressure vessel. Generated cost models are the most updated correlations based on the 2020 database. The generated equipment models are implemented in the entire power plants’ economic models generation. Considered models are the total cost rate, plant’s total cost, and power generation cost. The evaluated geothermal configurations are simple Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), regenerative ORC, single flash, double flash, and flash-binary cycles. The proposed cost models in all sections are compared with other references, and it shows good compatibility with available literature. In the last part of this study, based on the generated well drilling and equipment cost models, exergy and exergo-economic assessment of three different geothermal case studies are performed. The first case is the Kizildere geothermal power plant (in Turkey), a triple-flash cycle coupled with an ORC unit. The second case is the Castelnuovo geothermal power cycle planned to construct in the Tuscany region, Italy. It is composed of an ORC cycle with a district heating system and total reinjection of non-condensable gases. And the last case is a improved scheme of Castelnuovo cycle with adding LiBr-H2O absorption chiller and Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer to generate more products.

碩士
國立交通大學
工學院產業安全與防災學程
101
The main purpose for this thesis is to discuss the safety management for Solar Power Plant to prevent fire and explosion. Take SiH4 manufacture procedure for example,an analysis on risk module should be established. An analysis of safely manufacturing procedure , an analysis of the essentials of chemicals danger and an estimated analysis on manufacturing process should be applied to find out the key elements of a fire explosion and main reasons offer solutions. An improvement on construction and adequate operation management system should be used to prevent a factory fire explosion from taking place. First,use preliminary hazard analysis to identify explosive materials. Next , conduct in order to verify the Fire Explosion Index. Then , the degree of machine damage could be decided. The result from preliminary hazard analysis helps Solutions confirm the high risk process system and study on key points of fire explosions could then be conducted. By analyzing the results from safety manufacturing proceduce and a research of historical events of accidents taking place in the factory , ways of prevention could be discussed and relevant methods and safety designed could be outlined. Improvement on construction before machines start operating and administer-ative management policies could be adapted to reduce the risk of a fire explosion. The ultimate is to goal finish a safety instruction manual of fire explosion for the factory machines.

碩士
國立交通大學
工學院工程技術與管理學程
107
Air pollution has been an important issue that is concerned by the government and the public. Taiwan Power Company and Taichung Thermal Power Plant have been working hard as possible to improve this problem by ways of installing open-air coal storage yard and by paying attention to the coal dust prevention of inner coal conveyor system. Methods of dust prevention and control vary with the progress of technology. In addition to the original way of automatic sprinkler system, more effective ways by water mist dust collector, electrostatic dust collector and bag dust collector are added recently. The purpose of the research is to identify or discover the factors that affect the cost benefit of coal dust prevention equipment and at the same time tries to figure out the major contributing factor by sensitivity analysis in order to help managers make better decision of choosing suitable dust collector according to their working environment after comprehensive understanding of coal dust prevention equipment.

碩士
中國文化大學
巿政暨環境規劃學系
96
The research discusses the impact and issues of visual environment and landscape under the planning processes of the electrical manufactory and equipments. The major objective is an approach to the influential level of the visual landscape quality of the development process, and finding the feasible method of landscape planning and design to reduce the impact of landscape around the electrical plant. The case study is the project of Taipower Tashan PowerPlant, Kinmen ,which includes the dynamotor and the chimney’s forms. The computer simulation technique and the compounded photos are used to make the 3D morphing pictures, which are the programs of visual landscape evaluation. Using the structural questionnaire to measure and analyze the visual preference and understanding of the environmental attributes arisen out of the different chimney’s forms and the impact of landscape from the respondents’ perception and experiences. And then from the results of the research and analysis that are references of landscape planning and design of the electrical plant and improve the quality of ensemble environment and landscape of the human-made development project.

博士
國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
106
As random defects presenting in a system or electronic components, it is indeed quite difficult to solve such structural integrity and mechanical problems. Reviewing the anchor-bolt failure event of reactor pressure vessel support skirt in a domestic nuclear power plant in 2012, at that time there were doubts about the reoccurrence of similar incidents thereafter although the loosen bolts have been replaced. If the failure event of anchor bolts reoccurred, the question whether there is still enough tightening capacity to ensure safety of the whole system remains. Aiming to convince the public in an appropriate and quantitative manner that is not extremely conservative, this research begins with a proposed finite element model that handles a large number of random events and improves the efficiency of the analysis. Statistical tests and other related assessments to deal with such a random problem are also proposed. In fact, such a problem also appears in guidelines issued by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), which is aimed at analyzing the undetectable area of the reactor pressure vessel shourd support (the two inner and outer circular weldments aside the support plate). However, the overall assessment is merely based on the assumption of symmetric through-wall cracks to reduce the structural strength for conservative reasons. The possible issue on random events is not explored. In this study, an improved analysis in consideration of random fracture anchor bolts is proposed to improve the treatment of cracked support plate. The efficiency method is verified with a large number of random events. It also shows in this dissertation that the proposed analysis for the discrete structures can also be applied to the continuous structures. In the viewpoint of safety assessment on power plants, the random defects problem not only belongs to the mechanical issue of systems, structures and components, but also occurs on safety related electrical and electronic equipment. In fact, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) has issued guidelines for environmental qualification for electrical and electronic equipment, but with little mentioning about the microprocessor-based equipment, despite a few studies on the physical failure of semiconductor-based equipment have been carried out in non-nuclear industry. Those guidelines considered that even under mild environments, such equipment should function normally without affecting the safe operation of power plants. However, the new type of microprocessor-based equipment, especially those used for monitoring and instrumentation continues to develop but its failure only relies on the testing or analyzing data from semiconductor manufacturers. Most reliability studies of the electronic packaging are based on assuming integrated structures, and the evaluation of fatigue life often ignores defects induced in production process. To improve the shortcomings, the concept of rational model proposed in the first part of this dissertation is adopted, and an equivalent general formula for use in the simulation of lead-free solder ball containing void is derived in the second part of the dissertation. The formula results in simplified equivalent cylinders to replace sloder balls containing random voids for use in the finite element simulation of packages. The fatigue life distribution of a package used in electrical or electronic equipment is determined under an accelerated environment. Its life under the normal operation of power plant can also be obtained. The result is also helpful for the maintenance of a power plant.

This diploma thesis is based on an analysis of knowledge of inhabitants within the emergency planning zone of operations, security and behaviour in case of an accident in the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (TNPP). Operation a nuclear equipment in connected with certain risks which can´t be utterly eliminated. From this reason, security precautions are made, which are based on an accident preparedness, or on emergency plans. Emergency planning serves to a preparedness for non-standard or emergency situations for an area which is called an emergency planning zone. The emergency preparedness, not only within this zone, has a key role for a successful performance of inhabitants´ protection in case of an emergency event. The concept of emergency preparedness includes both the emergency planning and inhabitants´ awareness and knowledge of operations, risks and following precautions in case of an accident in TNPP. The aim of this diploma thesis is to inquire about "What is knowledge of inhabitants within an emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant operations?" The theoretical part is based on consulting the employees of ČEZ Ltd. Who work in the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant as well as on a study of professional literature, articles and related legislation. The practical part is based on a questionnaire survey and it is divided into three parts: operations, risks, security, knowledge and behaviour during an accident. The results revealed some margins in respondents´ knowledge concerning issues of operations as well as knowledge and behaviour during an accident. A positive evaluation concerns respondents´ knowledge of used nuclear fuel, the meaning of containment building and the procedures in case of evacuation. On the other hand, the respondents showed insufficient knowledge of the function of a reactor, what barriers are between the active zone and environment and when to use iodine prophylaxis. I consider the present status of inhabitants´ knowledge of TNPP operations insufficient and I propose some improvements. It is important to focus on inhabitants older than 50 years, whose lack of knowledge is even alarming.