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Статті в журналах з теми "Powder holdups"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Gupta, Govind Sharan, Shrutee Lakshminarasimha, and Magdum Shrenik. "Quantitative Measurement of Powder Holdups in the Packed Beds." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 75, no. 2 (October 19, 2021): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-021-02431-2.

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2

García, F., R. García, and D. D. Joseph. "Composite power law holdup correlations in horizontal pipes." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 31, no. 12 (December 2005): 1276–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2005.07.007.

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3

Guinote, Ana, Mario Weick, and Alice Cai. "Does Power Magnify the Expression of Dispositions?" Psychological Science 23, no. 5 (March 19, 2012): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797611428472.

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Conventional wisdom holds that power holders act more in line with their dispositions than do people who lack power. Drawing on principles of construct accessibility, we propose that this is the case only when no alternative constructs are activated. In three experiments, we assessed participants’ chronic dispositions and subsequently manipulated participants’ degree of power. Participants then either were or were not primed with alternative (i.e., inaccessible or counterdispositional) constructs. When no alternatives were activated, the responses of power holders—perceptions of other people (Experiment 1), preferences for charitable donations (Experiment 2), and strategies in an economic game (Experiment 3)—were more in line with their chronically accessible constructs than were the responses of low-power participants. However, when alternatives had been activated, power holders’ responses were no longer more congruent with their dispositions than were the responses of low-power participants. We propose a single mechanism according to which power increases reliance on accessible constructs—that is, constructs that easily come to mind—regardless of whether these constructs are chronically or temporarily accessible.

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4

Misture, S. T., L. R. Chatfield, and R. L. Snyder. "Accurate fully automated powder diffraction data using zero-background sample holders." Powder Diffraction 9, no. 3 (September 1994): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600019175.

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An increasingly frequent used sample holder, the zero-background holder (ZBH), is evaluated for use in external standard calibration of powder patterns. The effectiveness of the ZBH calibration method is determined by comparison to the conventional internal- and external-standard calibration techniques. The three calibration methods are compared using the results of lattice parameter refinements of test powders, using Si as the standard. Several test materials were used in the evaluation which cover a wide range of absorption coefficients so sample transparency effects can be distinguished from sample displacement effects. Results of the calibrations clearly indicate that the ZBH method gives precision and accuracy comparable to the internal-standard method, and significantly better than the external-standard technique. In addition, the ZBH method yields substantially better results than the internal-standard method for materials with low absorption coefficients. Low-angle calibrations are also made on a ZBH using a proposed standard, silver behenate, which has peaks from 1.5° to 20° 2θ. These calibrations have shown that if care is not taken to establish a monolayer of powder on the ZBH crystal, significant errors in refined lattice parameters will result.

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5

Saito, Hiroaki, and Lisa Ruhanen. "Power in tourism stakeholder collaborations: Power types and power holders." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 31 (June 2017): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.01.001.

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6

Luo, Hongjie, Jiahao Zhao, Hao Du, Wei Yin, and Yang Qu. "Effect of Mg Powder’s Particle Size on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ti Foam Synthesized by Space Holder Technique." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 8863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248863.

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Titanium foam has been the focus of special attention for its specific structure and potential applications in purification, catalyst substrate, heat exchanger, biomaterial, aerospace and naval industries. However, the liquid-state foaming techniques are difficult to use in fabricating Ti foam because of its high melting temperature and strong chemical reactivity with atmospheric gases. Here, the fabrication of Ti foams via the powder metallurgy route was carried out by utilizing both magnesium powders and magnesium particles as spacer holders, and Ti powders as matrix metal. The green compacts containing Ti powder, Mg powder and Mg particles were heated to a certain temperature to remove the magnesium and obtain the Ti foam. The results show that the porosities of the obtained Ti foam are about 35–65%, and Young’s modulus and yield strength are found to be in the ranges of 22–126 MPa and 0.063–1.18 GPa, respectively. It is found that the magnesium powders play a more important role than the magnesium particles in the deformation and the densification of the green compact during the pressing, and the pore structure of Ti foam depends on the amount and the size of the magnesium spacer holders after sintering.

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7

Cornelius, Sean P. "Who holds the power?" Science 359, no. 6380 (March 8, 2018): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar8692.

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8

Dean, Erin. "Whoever holds the purse strings holds the power." Nursing Standard 30, no. 44 (June 29, 2016): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.30.44.38.s42.

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9

Panic, B. "Mathematical Model of Gas, Powder and Bed Flow in Metallurgical Shaft Furnaces." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0042.

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Анотація:

This paper presents the second phase of model investigations. In the first phase research into flow for the system “gas transporting powder - moving packed bed” was conducted in the physical modeling. The influence of bed, powder and gas parameters on values of interaction forces and phenomena occurring in investigated system was defined.The article discusses the successive stage of investigations into gas flow carrying the powder through the descending packed bed. The research was performed with the application of mathematical modeling after tests with a physical model in use had been accomplished. The elaborated mathematical model was used to calculate resistance values of gas flow carrying the powder through the descending packed bed, masses of ‘static’ and ‘dynamic’ powders as well as total mass of powder holdup in the bed. Then the verification of the model was done comparing the obtained results with those from the physical model.

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10

Hu, Rui Hua, Cun Fu Yan, and Jae Kyoo Lim. "Porous Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated by Powder Sintering and its Property Evaluation." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.257.

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Porous titanium alloys are frequently used as bio-implant scaffold. In this research, porous Ti-6Al-4V was fabricated by using powder sintering method with ammonium bicarbonate powders as space holder. The space holder decomposes to gases like ammonia, carbon dioxide and water at comparatively low temperature. The advantages of this pore holder and its decomposition products are that they have no contamination to host powders, and harmless to sintering machine. Green bodies with different weight ratio of pore holder and host powder are prepared, and then the pore holders are fully removed by heating at 200°C. Porosity, density, compressive strength and modulus of the sintered porous Ti-6Al-4V are tested.

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11

Valdrè, Giovanni. "An improved low-power-consumption heating stage for X-ray powder diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 32, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 543–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889899000990.

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An improved low-power-consumption easy-to-operate simple heating stage for use in connection with an X-ray powder diffractometer is described and discussed. No modification is required to the conventional specimen chamber, which can be used safely up to a specimen temperature of at least 1200 K with a temperature accuracy of a few degrees. The stage is interchangeable with conventional specimen holders, without the need for realignment of the diffractometer. To prevent specimen oxidation, provisions are made for heating in an inert gaseous environment. Also, care has been taken to prevent scattered radiation escaping from the specimen chamber. The stage allows the study of structural transformations with temperature and so far it has been used successfully for the characterization of very different materials, such as hyaloclastite, smectites, montmorillonites and chlorocadmates with perovskite-like structures. Although the device has been designed for the Philips PW1820 X-ray diffractometer, it can be applied to other types of X-ray diffractometer.

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12

Carpenter, Chris. "Modeling Liquid Holdup in Pseudoslugs." Journal of Petroleum Technology 72, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1120-0072-jpt.

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13

Hellgardt, K., and D. Chadwick. "Design of sample holders for surface analysis of powders." Review of Scientific Instruments 67, no. 11 (November 1996): 4025–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147270.

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14

Potter, M., H. Fritzsche, D. H. Ryan, and L. M. D. Cranswick. "Low-background single-crystal silicon sample holders for neutron powder diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 40, no. 3 (May 15, 2007): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889807011387.

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Neutron diffraction measurements on weakly scattering or highly absorbing samples may demand custom mounting solutions. Two low-background sample holders based on inexpensive single-crystal silicon are described. One uses a conventional cylindrical geometry and is optimized for weakly scattering materials, while the other has a large-area flat-plate geometry and is designed for use with highly absorbing samples. Both holders yield much lower backgrounds than more conventional null-matrix or null-scattering materials and are essentially free from interfering Bragg peaks.

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15

Vasic, Ljubisa, Ivana Bankovic-Ilic, Miodrag Lazic, Vlada Veljkovic, and Dejan Skala. "Gas-holdup in a 16.6 cm I.D. reciprocating plate column." Chemical Industry 59, no. 9-10 (2005): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0510263v.

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The effects of operation conditions (the vibration intensity and gas flow rate) on the gas holdup in a 16.6 cm i.d. two-phase reciprocating plate column (RPC) were studied. Distilled water and aqueous solutions of carboxymethyl-cellulose of different concentration were used as the liquid phase and air as the gas phase in this investigation. The gas holdup was measured after the gas flow and the reciprocating action had been stopped. An empirical correlation which correlates the gas holdup with the specific power consumption and the superficial gas velocity showed that the aeration intensity had a greater influence on the gas holdup than the intensity of agitation. Because the gas holdup was approximately the same in RPC's of different diameters, an equation relating the gas holdup with the specific power consumption and the superficial gas velocity was derived. The correlation could be used in the scaling up of reciprocating plate columns.

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16

Zuba, Krzysztof. "Power holders: one versus many. Leadership and elite theories." Journal of Political Power 9, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2158379x.2016.1191221.

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17

MURUGESAN, T., and T. E. DEGALEESAN. "HOLDUP, INTERFACIAL AREA AND POWER REQUIREMENTS IN TURBINE AGITATED GAS-LIQUID CONTACTORS." Chemical Engineering Communications 117, no. 1 (September 1992): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986449208936070.

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18

BANKOVIC-ILIC, IVANA B., V. B. VELJKOVIC, M. L. LAZIC, and D. U. SKALA. "POWER CONSUMPTION AND GAS HOLDUP IN A GAS-LIQUID RECIPROCATING PLATE COLUMN." Chemical Engineering Communications 134, no. 1 (May 1995): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986449508936320.

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19

Bankovic-Ilic, I. "Power consumption and gas holdup in a gas-liquid reciprocating plate column." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 22 (December 1996): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9322(97)88176-1.

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20

Ahmed, Salem K. Brini, Aliyu M. Aliyu, Yahaya D. Baba, Mukhtar Abdulkadir, Rahil Omar Abdulhadi, Liyun Lao, and Hoi Yeung. "Comparative Analysis of Riser Base and Flowline Gas Injection on Vertical Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 7446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197446.

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Gas injection is a frequently used method for artificial lift and flow regime rectification in offshore production and transportation flowlines. The flow behaviour in such flowlines is complex and a better understanding of flow characteristics, such as flow patterns, void fraction/hold up distributions and pressure gradient is always required for efficient and optimal design of downstream handling facilities. Injection method and location have been shown to strongly affect downstream fluid behaviour that can have important implications for pumping and downstream facility design, especially if the development length between pipeline and downstream facility is less than L/D = 50 as reported by many investigators. In this article, we provide the results of an experimental investigation into the effects of the gas injection position on the characteristics of the downstream upwards vertical gas flow using a vertical riser with an internal diameter of 52 mm and a length of 10.5 m. A horizontal 40-m-long section connected at the bottom provides options for riser base or horizontal flow line injection of gas. The flowline gas injection is performed 40 m upstream of the riser base. A 16 by 16 capacitance wire mesh sensor and a gamma densitometer were used to measure the gas-liquid phase cross-sectional distribution at the riser top. A detailed analysis of the flow characteristics is carried out based on the measurements. These include flow regimes, cross-sectional liquid holdup distributions and peaking patterns as well as analysis of the time series data. Our findings show that flow behaviours differences due to different gas injection locations were persisting after a development length of 180D in the riser. More specifically, core-peaking liquid holdup occurred at the lower gas injection rates through the flowline, while wall-peaking holdup profiles were established at the same flow conditions for riser base injection. Wall peaking was associated with dispersed bubbly flows and hence non-pulsating as against core-peaking was associated with Taylor bubbles and slug flows. Furthermore, it was found that the riser base injection generally produced lower holdups. It was noted that the circumferential injector used at the riser base promoted high void fraction and hence low liquid holdups. Due to the bubbly flow structure, the slip velocity is smaller than for larger cap bubbles and hence the void fraction is higher. The measurements and observations presented in the paper provides valuable knowledge on riser base/flowline gas introduction that can directly feed into the design of downstream facilities such as storage tanks, slug catchers and separators.

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21

Panic, Bogdan. "Modelling Research of Gas Flow Resistance and the Powder Holdup during Two-Phase Flow (Gas + Powder) through the Descending Packed Bed." Solid State Phenomena 291 (May 2019): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.291.131.

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In the shaft metallurgical units (blast furnace, Corex, Finex and Midrex installations) the powder is generated within the process with charge materials as its source or it is introduced into the unit within the process procedure. Accumulation of small particles inside the furnace is diversified and depends on the applied process procedure. Noticeable disruptions of the flow might occur at large degree of dustiness. The article presents the results of model investigation of gas flow resistance and the powder holdup during two-phase flow (gas + powder) through the descending packed bed. The aim of the research was to determine the conditions of the descending bed suspension in the following systems: sinter + coal powder and blast furnace pellets + coal powder. Air was used as a gas. The study results were the basis for defining the conditions in which bed suspension of the model systems occurs. It was found that in case of sinter + coal powder system the most intensive powder holdup in the bed occurs together with the optimal conditions for bed movement distortions.

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22

Sutton, Halley. "Disabled community voting bloc holds potential power." Disability Compliance for Higher Education 24, no. 6 (December 21, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dhe.30570.

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23

Stamenkovic, Ivica, Olivera Stamenkovic, Ivana Bankovic-Ilic, Miodrag Lazic, Vlada Veljkovic, and Dejan Skala. "The gas holdup in a multiphase reciprocating plate column filled with carboxymethylcellulose solutions." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 12 (2005): 1533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0512533s.

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Gas holdup was investigated in a gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reciprocating plate column (RPC) under various operation conditions. Aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium salt, CMC) solutions were used as the liquid phase, the solid phase was spheres placed into interplate spaces, and the gas phase was air. The gas holdup in the RPC was influenced by: the vibration intensity, i.e., the power consumption, the superficial gas velocity, the solids content and the rheological properties of the liquid phase. The gas holdup increased with increasing vibration intensity and superficial gas velocity in both the two- and three-phase system. With increasing concentration of the CMC PP 50 solution (Newtonian fluid), the gas holdup decreased, because the coalescence of the bubbles was favored by the higher liquid viscosity. In the case of the CMC PP 200 solutions (non-Newtonian liquids), the gas holdup depends on the combined influence of the rheological properties of the liquid phase, the vibration intensity and the superficial gas velocity. The gas holdup in the three-phase systems was greater than that in the two-phase ones under the same operating conditions. Increasing the solids content has little influence on the gas holdup. The gas holdup was correlated with the power consumption (either the time-averaged or total power consumption) and the superficial gas velocity.

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24

Taslim, Taslim, and Mohd Sobri Takriff. "Gas Holdup and Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer Investigations in an Oscillatory Flow in a Baffled Column." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 2, no. 1 (October 20, 2008): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.50797.

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Gas holdup and gas-liquid mass transfer were investigated in a vertical baffled column. Pure carbon dioxide (C02) was used as the dispersed phase and tap water was used as the continuous phase. Gas holdup and mass transfer rate of C02 were measured under semi-batch condition, while the liquid phase was measured in batch mode. Gas holdup was estimated as the volume fraction of the gas in the two-phase mixture in the column. Mass transfer was expressed in terms of the liquid-side volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa). The effects of oscillation frequency, oscillation amplitude and gas flow rate on gas holdup andmass transfer were also determined. The results showed that a significant increase in gas holdup and mass transfer could be achieved in an oscillatory baffled column compared to a bubble column. Gas holdup and mass transfer were correlated as a function of power density and superficial gas velocity. Keywords: gas holdup, mass transfer coefficient, power density, superficial gas velocity

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25

Chu, Chen-Yeon, Shu-Yii Wu, Ying-Chih Wu, Biswarup Sen, Chun-Hsiung Hung, Chin-Hung Cheng, and Chiu-Yue Lin. "Phase holdups and microbial community in high-rate fermentative hydrogen bioreactors." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 36, no. 1 (January 2011): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.09.059.

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26

Torelli, Carlos J., Sharon Shavitt, Young Ik Cho, Allyson L. Holbrook, Timothy P. Johnson, and Saul Weiner. "Justice or compassion? Cultural differences in power norms affect consumer satisfaction with power-holders." International Marketing Review 32, no. 3/4 (May 11, 2015): 279–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-09-2013-0222.

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27

Bansiddhi, Ampika, and David C. Dunand. "Shape-memory NiTi–Nb foams." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 6 (June 2009): 2107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0256.

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A new powder metallurgy technique for creating porous NiTi is demonstrated, combining liquid phase sintering of prealloyed NiTi powders by Nb additions and pore creation by NaCl space-holders. The resulting foams exhibit well-densified NiTi–Nb walls surrounding interconnected pores created by the space-holder, with controlled fraction, size, and shape. Only small amounts of Nb (3 at.%) are needed to produce a eutectic liquid that considerably improves the otherwise poor densification of NiTi powders. NiTi–Nb foams with 34–44% porosity exhibit high compressive failure stress (>1,500 MPa), ductile behavior (>50% compressive strain), low stiffness (10–20 GPa), and large shape-memory recovery strains. These thermomechanical properties, together with the known biocompatibility of the alloy, make these open-cell foams attractive for bone implant applications.

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28

Carreño-Morelli, E., M. Rodríguez-Arbaizar, A. Amherd, and J. E. Bidaux. "Porous titanium processed by powder injection moulding of titanium hydride and space holders." Powder Metallurgy 57, no. 2 (April 2014): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0032589914z.000000000164.

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29

Scholl, Annika, Frank de Wit, Naomi Ellemers, Adam K. Fetterman, Kai Sassenberg, and Daan Scheepers. "The Burden of Power: Construing Power as Responsibility (Rather Than as Opportunity) Alters Threat-Challenge Responses." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 7 (March 15, 2018): 1024–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218757452.

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Power usually lowers stress responses. In stressful situations, having high (vs. low) power heightens challenge and lowers threat. Yet, even power-holders may experience threat when becoming aware of the responsibility that accompanies their power. Power-holders can construe (i.e., understand) a high-power position primarily as opportunity to “make things happen” or as responsibility to “take care of things.” Power-holders construing power as responsibility (rather than opportunity) may be more likely to experience demands—such as taking care of important decisions under their control—as outweighing their resources, resulting in less challenge and more threat. Four experiments with subjective and cardiovascular threat-challenge indicators support this. Going beyond prior work on structural aspects (e.g., power instability) that induce stress, we show that merely the way how power-holders construe their power can evoke stress. Specifically, we find that power construed as responsibility (vs. opportunity) is more likely to imply a “burden” for the power-holder.

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30

Kim, Kiyoung, and Haecheon Choi. "Direct numerical simulation of a turbulent core-annular flow with water-lubricated high viscosity oil in a vertical pipe." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 849 (June 20, 2018): 419–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.408.

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The characteristics of a turbulent core-annular flow with water-lubricated high viscosity oil in a vertical pipe are investigated using direct numerical simulation, in conjunction with a level-set method to track the phase interface between oil and water. At a given mean wall friction ($Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=u_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}R/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}_{w}=720$, where $u_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$ is the friction velocity, $R$ is the pipe radius and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}_{w}$ is the kinematic viscosity of water), the total volume flow rate of a core-annular flow is similar to that of a turbulent single-phase pipe flow of water, indicating that water lubrication is an effective tool to transport high viscosity oil in a pipe. The high viscosity oil flow in the core region is almost a plug flow due to its high viscosity, and the water flow in the annular region is turbulent except for the case of large oil volume fraction (e.g. 0.91 in the present study). With decreasing oil volume fraction, the mean velocity profile in the annulus becomes more like that of turbulent pipe flow, but the streamwise evolution of vortical structures is obstructed by the phase interface wave. In a reference frame moving with the core velocity, water is observed to be trapped inside the wave valley in the annulus, and only a small amount of water runs through the wave crest. The phase interface of the core-annular flow consists of different streamwise and azimuthal wavenumber components for different oil holdups. The azimuthal wavenumber spectra of the phase interface amplitude have largest power at the smallest wavenumber whose corresponding wavelength is the pipe circumference, while the streamwise wavenumber having the largest power decreases with decreasing oil volume fraction. The overall convection velocity of the phase interface is slightly lower than the core velocity. Finally, we suggest a predictive oil holdup model by defining the displacement thickness in the annulus and considering the boundary layer characteristics of water flow. This model predicts the variation of the oil holdup with the superficial velocity ratio very well.

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31

van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, Jennifer Coffeng, and Marjolijn Vermeer. "Power and retributive justice: How trait information influences the fairness of punishment among power holders." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 50 (January 2014): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.10.004.

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32

Sloof, Randolph. "Price-setting power vs. private information: An experimental evaluation of their impact on holdup." European Economic Review 52, no. 3 (April 2008): 469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2007.02.008.

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33

Benadda, Belkacem, Samir Ismaili, and Michel Otterbein. "Relation of mechanical power to gas holdup and mass transfer in an agitated vessel." Chemical Engineering & Technology 20, no. 3 (April 1997): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270200306.

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34

Li, Shaobai, Siyuan Huang, and Jungeng Fan. "Effect of Surfactants on Gas Holdup in Shear-Thinning Fluids." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9062649.

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In this study, the gas holdup of bubble swarms in shear-thinning fluids was experimentally studied at superficial gas velocities ranging from 0.001 to 0.02 m·s−1. Carboxylmethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions of 0.2 wt%, 0.6 wt%, and 1.0 wt% with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the surfactant were used as the power-law (liquid phase), and nitrogen was used as the gas phase. Effects of SDS concentration, rheological behavior, and physical properties of the liquid phase and superficial gas velocity on gas holdup were investigated. Results indicated that gas holdup increases with increasing superficial gas velocity and decreasing CMC concentration. Moreover, the addition of SDS in CMC solutions increased gas holdup, and the degree increased with the surfactant concentration. An empirical correlation was proposed for evaluating gas holdup as a function of liquid surface tension, density, effective viscosity, rheological property, superficial gas velocity, and geometric characteristics of bubble columns using the experimental data obtained for the different superficial gas velocities and CMC solution concentrations with different surfactant solutions. These proposed correlations reasonably fitted the experimental data obtained for gas holdup in this system.

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35

Eggers, Tom, Hendrik Rackl, and Frank von Lacroix. "Investigation of the Influence of the Mixing Process on the Powder Characteristics for Cyclic Reuse in Selective Laser Sintering." Powders 2, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/powders2010003.

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Selective laser sintering (SLS) with polymers is currently at the transition to the production of functional components and thus holds great potential to revolutionize conventional production processes. Nevertheless, the application capability is confronted by newly defined requirements regarding reliability and reproducibility. In order to fulfil the requirements and to increase the process stability, the ageing mechanisms in polymers are compensated by recycling strategies. This involves fraction-based mixing of a defined ratio of new powder with recycled powder. Basically, fraction-based mixing must be preceded by the selection of suitable mixing parameters. The work focused on the influence of the mixing process on the powder characteristics for cyclic reuse in SLS. With regard to the powder characteristics, the particle shape and particle size distribution as well as the bulk and tap density of the powder were investigated. The authors found an influence of the mixing process with increasing mixing time on the powder characteristics of a black polyamide 12 sintering material. A mixing time of 1 h and a mixing intensity of 15 rpm proved to be potentially effective for achieving a gentle and homogeneous mixing of the powders.

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36

Abid, Mohammad F., Zainab Y. Shanain, and Kadhim N. Abed. "Experimental and analysis study on dispersion of phases in an Ebullated Bed Reactor." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 74 (2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018103.

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The effectiveness and performance of industrial hydro-processing Ebullated Bed Reactors (EBRs) are highly dependent on the bed hydrodynamics and operating conditions. In present work, hydrodynamics of EBRs was studied in a cold model experimental setup using air–water–solid particles system. Pressure gradient method and Residence Time Distribution (RTD) technique were used to estimate the individual holdups, and dispersion coefficients in the lab-scale ebullated bed column. System Hydraulic Efficiency (HEF) was also estimated. The results showed that liquid internal recycle ratio, which characterized the EBRs, has a predominant effect on the individual holdups and dispersion coefficients. Empirical correlations were developed for prediction of phase holdups, and dispersion coefficients with good accuracy.

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37

Nakazato, Tsutomu. "Multilayer adhering model for holdup and separation behavior of fine particles in a powder-particle fluidized bed." Powder Technology 274 (April 2015): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.01.017.

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38

Özbilen, Sedat, Daniela Liebert, Tilmann Beck, and Martin Bram. "Fatigue behavior of highly porous titanium produced by powder metallurgy with temporary space holders." Materials Science and Engineering: C 60 (March 2016): 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.050.

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39

SAXENA, S. C., N. S. RAO, and Z. D. CHEN. "GAS HOLDUP IN BAFFLED BUBBLE COLUMNS OF DILUTE SLURRIES OF FINE POWDERS AND VISCOUS LIQUIDS." Particulate Science and Technology 10, no. 3-4 (July 1992): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726359208906609.

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40

Scholl, Annika, Kai Sassenberg, Naomi Ellemers, Daan Scheepers, and Frank de Wit. "Highly identified power-holders feel responsible: The interplay between social identification and social power within groups." British Journal of Social Psychology 57, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12225.

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41

Tochetto, Ronei, Rafael Tochetto, Luciano V. Biehl, J. L. B. Medeiros, J. C. Dos Santos, and José De Souza. "EVALUATION OF THE SPACE HOLDERS TECHNIQUE APPLIED IN POWDER METALLURGY PROCESS IN THE USE OF TITANIUM AS BIOMATERIAL." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 49, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2019.65.

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The objective of this paper is the manufacture of a porous metal structure from commercially pure titanium powder grade 1, aiming at the possible application as a biomaterial in the re-generation of bone tissues assuming its architecture. Exper-imental methods were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the Space Holders tech-nique in the manufacture of powder metallurgy (MP). In the samples produced, 50% by volume of titanium powder and 50% of chemical reagent (So-dium Chloride - NaCl and Ammonium Bicarbonate - HN4HCO3) were added, compressed with a pressure of 250 Mpa. The metal-only test samples were com-pacted with pressures of 70 MPa and 250 MPa. The architecture found with the use of Space Holders was satisfactory, presenting sufficient conditions of size, morphology, and interconnectivity for bone growth within the structure. Samples made only with metal powder do not have enough pores even with lower compation pressure.

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42

Maley, L. C., and W. P. Jepson. "Liquid Holdup in Large-Diameter Horizontal Multiphase Pipelines." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795033.

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This paper studies the liquid holdup within the mixing zone of the slug. The results of the study show that the liquid holdup begins at the liquid holdup of the liquid film before the slug and then increases until the end of the mixing zone is reached. Once past the mixing zone of the slug, the average liquid holdup becomes constant. As the height of the liquid film and/or viscosity increases, so does the liquid holdup at any given film Froude number. Since the liquid holdup becomes constant once past the mixing zone of the slug, the mixing zone length was determined for the film Froude numbers studied. The results show that the mixing zone length increases linearly with film Froude number and is independent of the viscosity of the liquid in the slug for a viscosity range of 1 to 16.6 cP.

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43

Weaver, Lynn E. "Nuclear power holds new promise in the United States." Annals of Nuclear Energy 30, no. 8 (May 2003): 951–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4549(02)00130-5.

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44

Scholl, Annika. "Responsible power-holders: when and for what the powerful may assume responsibility." Current Opinion in Psychology 33 (June 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.011.

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45

Orji, Nkwachukwu. "Elite perceptions about power-sharing in Nigeria." IKENGA International Journal of Institute of African Studies 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53836/ijia/2021/22/3/004.

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This article examines the perceptions of the elite about the practice of power-sharing in Nigeria. It looks at the range of meanings the elite attribute to power-sharing, their assessment of its effectiveness, and how the practice can be modified. Elite perceptions of power-sharing in Nigeria were investigated through a series of interviews with selected federal legislators. The article observes that the elite interpret power-sharing in institutional and communal terms, although the communal perspective appears more widespread. The study also found that there is a strong feeling among the elite that power-sharing is working. This belief is based on the claim that power-sharing has effectively widened the scope of political representation in Nigeria, eliminated uncertainty and tension in political competition, and inspired the people to easily converge around political institutions and organisations. The study notes that power-sharing is however limited by its tendency to discourage the application of merit in the recruitment of political office holders while over emphasising communal and sectarian differences among Nigerians.

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46

Kratochvíl, Jan, Kurt Winkler, and Jindřich Zahradník. "Gas holdup and kLa in perforated-plate bubble columns in the presence of solid particles." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 1 (1985): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19850048.

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The effect of solid particles on values of volumetric liquid-side mass transfer coefficient, kLa, and gas holdup, εG, was determined in a bubble column 0.14 m in diameter within the range of solid phase concentration cS = 0-10% (mass). Experiments were carried out in air-water system at zero liquid flow rate, glass spheres of average diameters 24, 36, 50, 102, 142, 190, and 280 μm and fine Zn0 powder (average particle size 2.3 μm) were used as a solid phase. Perforated plate with holes diameter 1.6 mm and free plate area 0.2% was used for gas distribution, superficial gas velocities ranged between 0.036 and 0.215 m/s. Only negative effect of the gas holdup and kLa was observed in the whole range of experimental conditions, this effect being most pronounced in the region of small particle sizes (dS ⪬ 36 μm).

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47

Dargar, Puneet, and Arturo Macchi. "Effect of surface-active agents on the phase holdups of three-phase fluidized beds." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 45, no. 9 (September 2006): 764–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2006.03.004.

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48

Abukhalifeh, H., M. E. Fayed, and R. Dhib. "Hydrodynamics of TBC with non-Newtonian liquids: Liquid holdup." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 48, no. 7 (July 2009): 1222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2009.04.007.

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49

Yasukawa, Masami, Masayuki Onodera, Kazuaki Yamagiwa, and Akira Ohkawa. "Gas holdup, power consumption, and oxygen absorption coefficient in a stirred-tank fermentor under foam control." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38, no. 6 (September 1991): 629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380608.

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50

Gerstbauer, Anita, Patricia Klopf, and Phillip C. Nell. "Individual Power Holders’ Twitter Statements about Firms and their Consequences for Stock Prices." Academy of Management Proceedings 2020, no. 1 (August 2020): 20729. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.20729abstract.

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