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1
Mitchell, Deborah. "The poverty wars." Australian Journal of Social Issues 40, no. 3 (March 2005): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2005.tb00984.x.
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Lippert-Rasmussen, Kasper. "Pogge, poverty, and war." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 16, no. 4 (May 3, 2017): 446–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x17701388.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
According to Thomas Pogge, rich people do not simply violate a positive duty of assistance to help the global poor; rather, they violate a negative duty not to harm them. They do so by imposing an unjust global economic structure on poor people. Assuming that these claims are correct, it follows that, ceteris paribus, wars waged by the poor against the rich to resist this imposition are morally equivalent to wars waged in self-defense against military aggression. Hence, if self-defense against military aggression is just, then, ceteris paribus, so are defensive wars against the imposition of economic injustice. While I do not think Pogge’s analysis of the causes of global poverty is correct, I defend these inferences against various challenges.
3
Miller, M. "Poverty as a cause of wars?" Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 25, no. 4 (April 2000): 273–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030801800679314.
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Dean, Dennis, Clyde Chitty, Robert Lowe, Hugh Davis Graham, Pamela Silver, and Harold Silver. "Transatlantic Wars on Poverty: History and Policy." History of Education Quarterly 33, no. 2 (1993): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/368342.
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Power, John, and Nathan Lawrentschuk. "Lessons from two domestic wars: cancer and poverty." Future Oncology 9, no. 11 (November 2013): 1693–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon.13.173.
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Adams, Jane. "Reading Southern Poverty between the Wars, 1918–1939." Agricultural History 82, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-82.4.546.
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Tuten, James H., Richard Godden, and Martin Crawford. "Reading Southern Poverty between the Wars, 1918-1939." Journal of Southern History 73, no. 4 (November 1, 2007): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27649623.
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Green, E. C. "Reading Southern Poverty between the Wars, 1918-1939." Journal of American History 93, no. 4 (March 1, 2007): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25094716.
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Kigozi, Fred, and Joshua Ssebunnya. "Chronic poverty, wars and mental health: the East African perspective." International Psychiatry 6, no. 2 (April 2009): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600000382.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Globally, poverty has been noted to be a high risk factor for mental disorder. Although there is limited information on the baseline prevalence of mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries, the known risk factors for poor mental health, such as poverty and violence, afflict many of these areas (Miller, 2006). It is clear that poverty and the mental health consequences of war and displacement significantly hinder the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (Njenga et al, 2006).
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Collins, James. "“The reading wars in situ”." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.13.1.04col.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Engaging Raymond Williams’ argument (1977: 112) that “[a] lived hegemony is always a process ... [that] can never be singular,” this paper examines contrary tendencies toward domination and autonomy in national debates about education, classroom-based reading practices, and students’ formation of literate identities. In particular, I explore the dynamics of inequality and reflexivity through an ethnographic-and-discursive analysis of a US urban middle school undergoing pedagogical reform. The school presents a balance, roughly 50/50, of students living in poverty and not living in poverty and from majority and non-majority ethnoracial backgrounds. Because of statewide pressures to “improve test scores,” the school has agreed to an ambitious English Language Arts curriculum initiative which encourages reflexive self-guidance among teachers and students. The paper presents analyses of public debates about literacy and of classroom interactional dynamics as well as case studies of ‘struggling readers,’ that is, young adolescent deemed unsuccessful at school literacy. The analysis of literacy debates focuses on the displacement of class and race “effects” in discussions of pedagogical reform. The classroom analyses focus on conditions of pedagogical inclusion and exclusion and the apparent role of class, race, and gender in such conditions. The case studies focus on the articulation of school and non-school literate identities and the role of class, race, and gender in those identities and their articulation.
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Alcock, Pete. "‘Maximum Feasible Understanding’ – Lessons from Previous Wars on Poverty." Social Policy and Society 4, no. 3 (June 28, 2005): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746405002472.
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Campos, Nicole Gastineau, and Paul Farmer. "Partners: Discernment and Humanitarian Efforts in Settings of Violence." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31, no. 4 (2003): 506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00118.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One hundred years ago, most wars occurred between nations; today, large-scale violent conflict consists almost exclusively of civil wars in which civilians constitute 30 percent of casualties.’ According to a recent World Bank study of conflict, the poorest one-sixth of the worlds population suffers four-fifths of the consequences of civil wars. While poverty is the greatest risk factor determining a nation’s likelihood of entering into conflict, it is also one of instability’s most predictable consequencet—thus, war is a vicious cycle, and poor nations may remain at risk for intense violence for years or even decades.
13
Akhtar Gul, Muhammad Ghulam Shabeer, Rija Ahmad Abbasi, and Abdul Wahab Khan. "Africa’s Poverty and Famines: Developmental Projects of China on Africa." PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY 3, no. 1 (June 25, 2022): 165–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v3i1.109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Poverty exists without any face; it is a multifaceted and complex phenomenon. Poverty and famines existed before human civilization and culture. Human culture existed 0.07 million years ago, and civilization began 6000 years ago. In a modern civilized society, ‘first famine in human history occurred in 1708 B.C. From 1708 BC to 1878 AD, 350 famines occurred in various spheres of the world. The Encyclopedia Britannica listed 31 main famines from prehistoric to the 1960s. The sub-continent has also faced eleven severe famines from 1769-70 to 1943, and about 40.9 million people have died due to these famines. Similarly, more than 2 billion people live below the poverty line. Besides, China left 800 million people due to ‘Open Door Policy’. Now she is changing the world's shape through BRI. Africa is a complex and perplexing region of the world. Because, Africa is facing all the root problems of the world, i.e., poverty, massive unemployment and income inequality, mono-culture political economy, border disputes, intra-state wars, and ethnic and lingual clashes. In the land of Africa, the first famine was recorded 2273 years ago in Ethiopia’. About 2,582 languages[i] and 1,382 dialects are found on the African continent. From 1945 to 1999, humanity faced 25 interstate wars, most of which occurred in Africa. Therefore, 127 civil wars happened among 73 states in the same era, and 16.2 million people died. The Export and Import Bank of China will spend 1US$ trillion on the African continent in 2025.
[i] Language which is speaking in Africa, Arabic (170 million) English (130 million), Swahili (100), French (115), Berber (50), Hausa (50), Portuguese (20) and Spanish (10) (Spolsky, 2018)
14
Flynt, Wayne. "Reading Southern Poverty Between the Wars, 1918-1939 (review)." Alabama Review 61, no. 1 (2008): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2008.0037.
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Minkler, Meredith, and Ann Robertson. "The Ideology of ‘Age/Race Wars’: Deconstructing a Social Problem." Ageing and Society 11, no. 1 (March 1991): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00003809.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTEfforts in the United States to encourage divisiveness within the working class have been widely recognised as a key strategy in the war on welfare. This paper examines one aspect of this overall strategy, namely the creation of an ideology based on generational equity and ‘age/race wars’ thinking, which blames the old for poverty and economic hardship in the young. Attempts to frame problem analysis and policy deliberations within such an ideological framework are seen to be based on spurious assumptions concerning the relative financial well-being of the old, the role of elderly entitlements as a cause of poverty in minority children, and growing resentment of programmes for the old among minorities and youth.This paper examines recent attempts to de-legitimate the claims of the elderly through the advancement of an ideology of age/race wars. The assumptions underlying this approach to policy are critiqued, and a case is made for developing an alternative framework which would stress the interdependence of generations, rather than age/race group competition.
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Njagi, Catherine Wambugu. "Combating Civil Wars in Africa." Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS) 4, no. 1 (May 10, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35544/jjeoshs.v4i1.34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Twentieth and twenty first centuries have been described as the age of anxiety. This is largely due to the many civil wars and conflicts that have been prevalent in our contemporary world, and especially with special reference to Africa which is the worst hit. In particular, armed conflicts been witnessed in Angola, Ethiopia Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia and Sudan among others. Equally, civil wars have been witnessed in Angola, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Somalia and Sudan. Sadly, some of these States are at the verge of collapse due to the effect of these unfortunate civil wars and conflicts. Other countries that were affected by civil or ethnic conflicts, albeit at lower levels include: Burundi, Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Togo, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Chad, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Malawi, Senegal, and South Africa. The latter has witnessed xenophobic attacks, especially in May 2008. Terrorism activities have also Increased, as it continues to create tensions among nations, religions, tribes and so on. To this end, this article seeks to explore the causes of civil wars and conflicts in Africa, that bleeds poverty on a mass scale. How can the church participate in curbing these wars and conflicts, and eventually usher-in sanity in these troubled waters? In its methodology, this article strives to redefine war and discusses the characteristics of modern warfare. Through an extensive review of relevant literature, the article has also attempted to explore the place of individual persons, the nation-states and the international network systems in combating civil wars; and lastly, it has endeavored to show the contribution of the church in wrestling out all forms of conflicts in the Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Bauman, Robert. "The Black Power and Chicano Movements in the Poverty Wars in Los Angeles." Journal of Urban History 33, no. 2 (January 2007): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144206294740.
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Warri, Tare Ebi, T. Etchie Peter, Frank Funkeye Sapele, and David Okuwa Gogo. "Individualism and Combating Poverty in Contemporary Nigeria: A Case Study of Bayelsa State." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 3, no. 3 (July 31, 2022): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v3i3.499.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study is centred on individualism and combating poverty in contemporary Nigeria, using Bayelsa State as a case study. Poverty is widespread and the poor people are the hardest hit of the excruciating effects of the menace. Poverty is a one of the major problems confronting the world and combating it has being a priority of government at all levels. Poverty remains the root cause of many problems in the globe such as wars, conflicts, environmental degradation, prostitution, malnutrition, illiteracy, human trafficking, political violence and different dimensions of crime in our society. This research views poverty firstly as an individual challenge and considers the “self” a major factor in combating it. It is a qualitative study which adopted the expo-facto research design and data were obtained mainly from secondary sources, while relying on the problem solving approach for the analysis of data. Findings in the study reaffirmed the multi-dimensional nature of poverty in line with the existing literature. However, the research proffered a new approach in fighting poverty in Bayelsa State, with an acronym of “ESCAPE” – Poverty, which can be adopted in Nigeria and the world at large. It is recommended in this study that individuals must accept responsibility and prove consistent commitment that is believed to be a better approach in combating poverty in contemporary times.
19
LEOGRANDE, WILLIAM M. "A Poverty of Imagination: George W. Bush's Policy in Latin America." Journal of Latin American Studies 39, no. 2 (May 2007): 355–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x07002416.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Washington's challenge during George W. Bush's presidency was to define a new relationship with Latin America beyond free trade and neoliberal economics – a relationship responsive to the region's demand for social and economic justice. Preoccupied by the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the Bush administration failed this challenge. The president left his Latin American policy in the hands of conservative cold warriors who reacted with hostility to the election of ‘new left’ socialists and populists. As a result, Washington's reputation and relations in Latin America deteriorated dramatically.
20
POLCIKIEWICZ, Zdzisław. "CHARACTERISTICS OF FUTURE WARS AND THEIR SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 163, no. 1 (January 2, 2012): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3236.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the analyses and evaluations of the causes, sources, conditions and nature of future wars. They were based on the experience of the military action that took place at the end of the last century and the beginning of this century. Moreover, contemporary views expressed by polemologs, political scientists and military experts were taken into account. The article identifies the principal types of future wars and their characteristics as regards involvement, scope, intensity, duration and other properties. In addition, it presents the expected consequences of war, among which special attention was paid not only to the disintegration of the structures and the destabilization of the economy and state economies, but also to social consequences, such as physical damage, poverty, epidemics, uncontrolled mass migration, the demoralization of society and political elites, and the deepening antagonisms of nationalistic attitudes or other hostile stereotypes. The article can be the basis for determining the desirable directions of security subjects, aimed at crisis prevention, often solved with such a policy tool as war.
21
Heron, Tony. "European Trade Diplomacy and the Politics of Global Development: Reflections on the EU–China ‘Bra Wars’ Dispute." Government and Opposition 42, no. 2 (2007): 190–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2007.00218.x.
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AbstractThe article analyses the so-called ‘bra wars’ trade dispute that took place between the EU and China in 2005. This dispute raised a number of important questions linked, not only to the textiles and clothing (T&C) trade regime, but to the broader conduct of the EU in relation to the developing world. Over the years, the EU has attempted to construct a discourse towards developing countries that has sought to articulate a distinctively ‘European’ approach to issues like preferential trade, equitable growth, poverty reduction and so on. This article thus centres on the broader analytical question raised by ‘bra wars’: namely, the mounting incongruity between the theory and practice of the development policies of the EU.
22
Jones, Bruce D., and Stephen John Stedman. "Civil Wars & the Post–Cold War International Order." Daedalus 146, no. 4 (October 2017): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00457.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
By the standards of prosperity and peace, the post–Cold War international order has been an unparalleled success. Over the last thirty years, there has been more creation of wealth and a greater reduction of poverty, disease, and food insecurity than in all of previous history. During the same period, the numbers and lethality of wars have decreased. These facts have not deterred an alternative assessment that civil violence, terrorism, failed states, and numbers of refugees are at unprecedentedly high levels. But there is no global crisis of failed states and endemic civil war, no global crisis of refugees and migration, and no global crisis of disorder. Instead, what we have seen is a particular historical crisis unfold in the greater Middle East, which has collapsed order within that region and has fed the biggest threat to international order: populism in the United States and Europe.
23
Marther, Sibanda Sindiso, Mapuva Jephias, and Tambura Prudence. "Assessing the Role of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Poverty Alleviation: A Case of Barn Mining Area, Ward 25 Matopo: Matabeleland South Province." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v9i2.16990.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper sought to assess the role of artisanal and small-scale mining in poverty alleviation, focusing on Barn mining area ward 25 Matopo (Matabeleland South Province). The study adopted a mixed method approach in data collection, comprising the use of questionnaires, interview guides, observation tools and focus group discussions. The study found that ASM contributes to income generation and employment creation and has become a major source of livelihood in many mineral resource endowed areas of Zimbabwe. It was concluded that ASM as an economic activity has improved livelihoods as the income affords the miners an improved standard of life in addition to the ability to buy agricultural inputs and sending their children to school. However, several challenges associated with ASM were identified. These include lack of financial and institutional assistance, gold wars and other unfound agreements made between miners and claim owners. Loss of life in mine accidents, spread of sexually transmitted diseases are some of the negative impacts identified. The study recommended that for the benefits of ASM to be realised in terms of poverty alleviation, ASM activities should be decriminalized and financial support availed to miners.
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Nunu Achuashvili, Nunu Achuashvili, and Ia Goderdzishvili Ia Goderdzishvili. "Socio-economic Problems and Living Standards in Georgia." Economics 105, no. 03 (April 15, 2022): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/3/2022-133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Raising living standards means increasing incomes, reducing poverty, improving education, health and the environment. Improving the quality of life is achieved through sustainable economic development, which also results in: Maintaining macroeconomic balance, Reducing inflation, Maximizing satisfaction of human needs and in special situations: wars, epidemics, natural disasters that lead to unemployment and poverty, maximizing protection of people. The current acute economic and social background in our country forces us through in-depth analysis to set out the justified measures for raising the standard of living, which should be done through the well-designed socio-economic policies of the state, promotion of employment and implementation of correct demographic policies. Keywords: standard of living; inflation; economic efficiency; economic policy; economic growth.
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R, SAFEED. "Second World War and Its Repercussions: Impetus on Poverty in Travancore." GIS Business 14, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i3.4672.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the first half of the twentieth century the world witnessed two deadliest wars and it directly or indirectly affected the countries all over the world. The First World War from 1914-1918 and the Second World War from 1939-1945 shooked the base of the socio-economic and political structure of the entire world. When compared to the Second World War, the First World War confined only within the boundaries of Europe and has a minimal effect on the other parts of the world. The Second World War was most destructive in nature and it changed the existing socio-economic and political setup of the world countries.
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Cantika, Sri Budi. "STRATEGI PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM." Journal of Innovation in Business and Economics 4, no. 2 (August 14, 2014): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jibe.vol4.no2.101-114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Islamic perspective views poverty as a result of several structural reasons, namely environmental damage due to human activity (Surah Ar Rum: 41); ignorance and the miserliness of the wealthy (Surah Al 'Imran: 180); tyranny, exploitation, and oppression of some people over others (Surah At-Tawbah: 34); political, bureaucracy, and economic power concentration in one hand (Surah Al Qasas; 1-88); poverty arising from external factors such as natural disaster or civil wars that drastically changed the rich become poor (Surah Saba ': 14-15). Islam proposes some strategies in order to reduce poverty which covers: 1) Promoting economic growth that benefits to the wider community (pro-poor growth); 2) Encouraging the construction of national budget which protect majority of people (pro-poor budgeting); 3) Assisting infrastructure development that aids many people (pro-poor infrastructure); 4) Establishing proper basic public services in favor of the broader community (pro-poor public services); and 5) Pushing equity and income distribution policies that prioritize the poor (pro-poor income distribution).
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Fakhir, Mstfa Rasool, and Alaa Kadhim Farhan. "FEATURES OF THE IRAQI ECONOMY: COMPARTIVE STUDY TO SOME ECONOMIC ELEMENTS FOR THE YEARS (1990-1995-2000-2005-2010-2015-2019)." vol 5 issue 15 5, no. 15 (December 28, 2019): 1414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18769/ijasos.592113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Iraq is considered as a rich country with multiple natural resources, but wars and financial and political crises led to the destruction of the country's infrastructure and prevented the investment and distribution of those recourses in a fair and just ways, as Iraq is still suffering from unemployment, poverty and lack of essential services which have stopped the wheel of industry and agricultural lands receded significantly, so the country transformed into a consuming country depends only on neighboring countries and industrialized countries to secure its agricultural and industrial needs. The results of the study were shocking as the Iraqi government depends mainly on exporting of oil to cover its operational and investment expenses in more than (85%), and neglected the rest of the economic sectors. As for poverty, the percentage of those who fall below the poverty line (23%) as well as the unemployment rate that exceeded (23%). The country's debt has recently reached ($133) billion, and the latest reports by Transparency International organization considered Iraq as one of the worst (20) countries in terms of administrative and financial corruption. Keywords: Iraqi economy, unemployment, poverty, investment, industry, oil exporting.
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Browne, Ray B. "Reading Southern Poverty Between the Wars 1918?1939 by Richard Godden and Martin Crawford, Editors." Journal of American Culture 29, no. 4 (December 2006): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734x.2006.00440.x.
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Nwaodu, Nnamdi, David Adam, and Okechukwu Okereke. "A Review of Anti-Corruption Wars in Nigeria." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v2i3.63.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Corruption still subsists as one of the greatest challenges facing Nigeria. The existence of this phenomenon in virtually all aspects of the nation’s socio-economic life is said to be one reason why poverty level remains high irrespective of her position as the six highest suppliers of oil to the whole wide world, and a possessor of numerous other human and natural resources. A recent attempt by the Federal Government of Nigeria to curb this societal ill led to the establishment of Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), the Independent Corrupt Practices & Related Offences Commission (ICPC) among others bodies. This paper historically explores the anti-corruption war in Nigeria and specifically zeros itself to review EFCC’s role in this war. The methodology adopted in this paper is the narrative-textual case study (NTCS), a research method that sources the required quantitative and qualitative secondary data on the phenomenon of study from secondary sources like the internet, World Wide Web, online databases, e-libraries et cetera. On the strength of the qualitative data sourced, it was discovered that the agency has made some successes but is being hindered by political, administrative and judicial bureaucracy from efficient performance. The paper therefore boldly recommends that transparency be enshrined into all aspect Nigerian political and administrative life and extant anti-graft laws be reviewed, harmonized and strengthened to enhance the effectiveness of fight against corruption and breach of corporate governance ethics by those holding political and non-political positions in Nigeria.
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Ramskyi, Andrii. "Ways to Overcome Poverty and Income Inequality in the Context of New Global Challenges: the Most Important Conclusions for Ukraine." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 24, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.24.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article examines the risks of deepening poverty and income inequality that arise from global challenges of population aging, job losses due to shrinking sales markets, trade wars, long-term quarantine and compliance with the safe distancing of people as part of restrictive measures against the spread of COVID–19, the nature of employment (remote work, temporary reduction of labor migration), and other norms in the fight against the dangerous contagious disease. Given the facts that the prevention of spreading and localization of dangerous diseases, their treatment, and the rehabilitation of patients affect all segments of the population, have negative effects on all areas of people’s lives and also add to the increase of socio-economic risks, including poverty and inequality, the study of this issue is extremely relevant. The financial implications of these challenges for many households lead to falling real incomes, and an increase in costs and debts, and their non-repayment, which generally cause sudden poverty and increasing inequality of income and property.
Purpose of the article: To investigate the risks of poverty, including sudden poverty, the inequality of household incomes amid the fight against the COVID–19 pandemic, and it identifies ways to overcome them. Methods: A review of the scientific literature, a presentation of statistical data, and statistical research.
Findings & Value added: As a result of research, a list of new risks of poverty and income inequality is outlined, and preliminary assessments of the consequences of the COVID–19 for households are summarized; signs of short-term loss are generalized; the solvency of households as a possible precondition for sudden poverty is evaluated; cross‑country comparisons of poverty risk are made; the scheme of state aid to improve living standards of people during the outbreak of new dangerous diseases in the EU and Ukraine is generalized; ways to overcome poverty and income inequality are substantiated to restore the resilience of financially vulnerable households and ensuring the development of human capital.
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Jankovic, Slobodan. "Middle East conflicts: Basic features." Medjunarodni problemi 59, no. 2-3 (2007): 266–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0703266j.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper explores the causes of the Middle East conflicts. The author considers that apart from historical and religious roots the main causes are the importance of the energy deposits, great and regional powers competition and collisions over energy resources, the complexity of water management in the region for its scarcity, traditional, religious and ethnic differences social differentiations and conflicts, growing poverty among majority of people, demographic problems. The persistence and not solving of these problems clearly indicate that local terrorisms, wars and armed confrontations remain the ominous feature of the region, concludes the author.
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Abdi Abdillahi, Fatumo, Edna Adan Ismail, and Swaran P. Singh. "Mental Health in Somaliland: a critical situation." BJPsych International 17, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2019.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Somaliland is experiencing an explosion of mental health problems that has received little coverage. The country has experienced devastating civil wars that have resulted in widespread trauma, and the lack of necessary mental health infrastructure is an obstacle to allowing the population to heal and recover. War trauma, poverty, unemployment and widespread substance misuse (khat) have all negatively affected the mental health of its citizens. This report provides an overview of a rapid needs assessment carried out across Somaliland that examined current service provision, gaps in services, and interviews with mental health professionals and caregivers.
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Emrali, Refa. "The body that contemporary art fragments." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 5, no. 6 (September 14, 2018): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v5i6.3851.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Along with the history of humankind, the adorable female body which ensures the continuity of the human race has been a field where the socio-cultural structure can be read in a contemporary art. The body, which was preliminarily a whole and a material for aesthetic categories, starkly began to get fragmented with wars in the 17th Century Europe and following the war, with egalitarian, liberal formations of 1968 movement. During the course of the change from modernism to post-modernism, the chaotic structure caused by global lifestyles made it inevitable to review the existing genres. The world wars, genocides that many scientists and artists left their countries, escaping from invasions, the regional and mass destruction, threat, violence and the anxiety caused by them; the fear, the politicisation, racism, poverty, migration, marginalisation, deterritorialisation, discrimination that started during especially the 1980s, have been concepts that were considered with a poststructuralist point-of-view.
Keywords: Body, art, female, gender, violence.
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Demetrious, Kristin. "‘Energy wars’: Global PR and public debate in the 21st century." Public Relations Inquiry 8, no. 1 (January 2019): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2046147x18804283.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
‘Hashtags’, ‘trending topics’, ‘mentions’ ‘likes, ‘retweets’: the 21st century is distinctive for a range of new communication technologies, social practices and discourses that have framed public debate as “authentic”, “participatory”, “empowering” and “organic”. In this article, I explore a 21st century public relations (PR) campaign that is promoting neoliberal “solutions” to complex social and environmental problems, namely Burson-Marsteller’s 2014 campaign for coal industry client, Peabody Energy. The ‘Advanced Energy for Life’ (AEFL) ‘comprehensive global campaign’ to promote the idea of ‘clean coal’ in the alleviation of ‘energy poverty’ is but one in a succession of campaigns deployed by the coal industry since the 1980s. This article examines the reception of the AEFL campaign in Australia from January 2014 to March 2017. In doing so, it traces the movement of campaign tropes in the public sphere as well as prominent Twitter activity. It asks what purpose did the tropes serve and how they propelled debate. It also asks if resistance on Twitter can disrupt the ‘long period of suspended animation’ in public debate on energy policy. In tackling these questions with a critical lens, it aims to develop a greater understanding of the influence of global PR campaigns such as Peabody’s AEFL in public debate in contemporary settings.
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Du Rand, J. A. "Die Johannese Logos kom opnuut tuis in Afrika." Verbum et Ecclesia 23, no. 1 (September 6, 2002): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v23i1.1205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Johannine Logos once again comes home in Africa In many parts of Africa people are still staggering under the burden of colonialism, civil wars, illnesses, drought, famine, poverty and corruption, to name but a few. On the other hand, one should also take notice of the warmth of its variety of peoples, the family and community values and the promotion of mutual care. Who is Jesus in the midst of all this? Jesus has many faces in Africa, like being the master of initiation, the chief, the ancestor and elder brother, the healer and the liberator from suffering, to name some.
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Sowers, Jeannie, and Erika Weinthal. "Health and Environmental Tolls of Protracted Conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa." Current History 120, no. 830 (December 1, 2021): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2021.120.830.339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of conflict on public health and ecosystem well-being are understudied and rarely figure in public debates about war-making. Protracted conflicts are particularly damaging to people and environments in ways that are inadequately documented. In recent wars in the Middle East and North Africa, parties to the conflicts have induced hunger and displacement and undermined public health through the use of violence and economic policies that deprive civilians of access to food, water, fuel, and livelihoods. Environmental pollution is widespread, particularly in cities that became war zones, while the COVID-19 pandemic has deepened conflict-induced poverty and food insecurity.
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Spicker, Paul. "Social Security and Welfare: Concepts and Comparisons by R. Walker and The Poverty Wars by P. Saunders." Social Policy and Administration 40, no. 3 (June 2006): 322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2006.492_1.x.
Повний текст джерела
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Nguyen, Thuy Ngoc, Tuyen Quang Tran, and Huong Van Vu. "Unexploded ordnance contamination and household livelihood choice in rural Vietnam." Russian Journal of Economics 8, no. 3 (October 6, 2022): 276–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.8.79738.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vietnam is a country that found itself at the center of the Indochina wars and was subjected to the most intense aerial bombing in history. However, little research has been done on the effect of unexploded ordnance (UXO) contamination on household livelihoods in rural Vietnam. In this paper, we investigate the contaminating effect of unexploded ordnance on households. Livelihood choices are classified by cluster analysis techniques, and unexploded ordnance contamination is measured at the district level by the proportion of land at risk from unexploded bombs and mines. We examine the effect of UXO contamination on livelihood choices using a multinomial logit model, controlling for various important household and regional level characteristics. It was found that households in districts with greater contamination were less likely to adopt a formal wage-earning livelihood, characterized by higher income and less poverty, than they were to engage in an agricultural livelihood. This suggests that the Indochina wars have had a long-running effect, reducing the likelihood of non-farm diversification, which in turn diminishes economic well-being among rural households in Vietnam.
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Chung Thi, Thuy. "THE STUDY OF HUMAN BODY IN NGUYEN DUY’S POETRY." Journal of Science Social Science 63, no. 7 (July 2018): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1067.2018-0046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human body is the basement for people’s existence. All human consciousness seems to be resulted from their body. It is regarded as a subject that involved in all human activities and created thoughts as well as human values. Although through Nguyen Duy’s writing career, the poet didn’t intend to use body’s language as one of means of expression. However, the body marked a deep impression in his poetry showing the fundaments of his ideas and feelings of the subject. The language of the body in his poems tended to point out some important issues such as the origin of the body, the body in wars, and the body in poverty.
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RAWSON, GRAHAM. "Economies and Strategies of the Northern Rural Poor: the Mitigation of Poverty in a West Riding Township in the Nineteenth Century." Rural History 28, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793316000170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract:In the agricultural township of Rigton, ten miles north of Leeds, three-quarters of labouring households had recourse to poor relief at some stage between 1815 and 1861. The chronology of this microhistory straddles the end of the French Wars, the Sturges Bourne reforms, and, due to the existence of the country's largest Gilbert Unions, the region's laggardly application of the Poor Law Amendment Act. It seeks, by source linkage, to establish the contexts of labour, welfare and the life cycle within a northern community, and place the poor and their experiences of, and strategies against, poverty within that community. A demographic overview introduces the contexts of labouring families' lives, whilst a commentary on expositions of biographical reconstitutions of two generations of a labouring family, forms a major part of this exploration. This argues that whilst relationships with, and mitigation against, poverty were fluid and complex, as the century progressed labouring families had a decreasing interface with the Poor Law, and adopted and developed new economic strategies to add to their portfolio of makeshifts.1
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Morse, Kimberly J. "When the Priest Does Not Sympathize with el Pueblo: Clergy and Society in El Oriente Venezolano, 1843-1873." Americas 59, no. 4 (April 2003): 511–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2003.0050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When 22 Capuchin friars landed in Barcelona in 1843, they could not anticipate the troubles they faced in the years to come. As refugees from the Spanish Carlista wars, Gallegos and Catalans who did not even speak much Spanish, the friars must have been happy enough to serve a nation that did not want them dead—yet. In their contract with the Venezuelan government, the 22 Capuchin friars who labored in Venezuela'sOrientepromised to stay in Venezuela for at least ten years. In return, the Venezuelan government promised to pay them 400 pesos annually, to leave all spiritual matters in the hands of the missionaries, and to cede to the missionaries all authority in Indian mission matters.If only things worked out that well. The Capuchin friars found themselves inextricably bound in complex relationships of race and class, often intertwined with matters of land and labor. Poverty and politics (or the politics of poverty) did not allow clergy to use their position as parish priests to maintain any degree of neutrality in the tug of war between the white elite and the poor, primarily Indians, ex-slaves, and the mixed race descendants of all groups. To the contrary, poverty and politics made clergy important players in the ongoing high stakes game of chess between the elite and the masses.
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Ude-Akpeh, Chinelo Edith. "Youth engagement in internet begging and national development in Nigeria." Journal of Emerging Technologies 1, no. 1 (October 25, 2021): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.57040/jet.v1i1.80.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study is on youth engagement in Internet begging and national development. It was designed to examine how internet begging by youths influences the development of our nation Nigeria. The rationale for the study stemmed out of the high rate of youths engagement in internet begging and the fear of the detrimental effect it might have in the development of the nation. The study adopted the survey design. The study was guided by three research questions. Sample was 150 respondents drawn from Jos metropolis. Data were collected by means of a researcher made questionnaire titled Internet Begging and National Development Questionnaire (INBENDEQ) with reliability index of 0.78. Personal contact method was adopted in data collection. Simple percentage was used for data analysis with 50% as bench mark for all the research questions. Results revealed that poverty, displacement from homes and loss of jobs are the main reasons for internet begging by youths. Also it was gathered that internet begging makes youths lazy, and less responsible. The study found that internet begging affects national development due to propensity of leading to poverty and indebtedness among others. The author recommended that the government should empower youths to reduce poverty. Also situations that cause displacement and unemployment like crises, wars should be addressed so that people can go about their businesses well and earn their living.
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Bereza, Beata. "¿Desintegración o reconstrucción de la identidad? Los aspectos socio-culturales de la actividad de la Iglesia pentecostal en América Central." Estudios Latinoamericanos 22 (December 31, 2002): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36447/estudios2002.v22.art12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Short description:
The article deals with the presence of the Pentecostal church in Central American countries (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama). The Pentecostal church has grown in great numbers in the later part of the 20th century and now constitutes a majority of the protestants and large minorities in those countries. The article describes how the rise of this new religious movement had ambiguous influence on Central Americans’ identity. While it brings new ideas in place of old ones, such replacements help to revive some ideas of Central American identities, which ended up ‘damaged’ through 20th century civil wars and poverty in the region.
Short description written by Michał Gilewski
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Kliuchnyk, Ruslan, and Elvina Lymonova. "THE PECULIARITIES OF POVERTY RESEARCH IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD." Academic Review 2, no. 57 (November 25, 2022): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2022-2-57-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article attempts to generalize some features of the study of poverty in the modern world. The use of various indicators that demonstrate the level of poverty has been shown. It has been explained that GDP per capita is one of the most accurate ways of assessing the economic development of the state. It has been demonstrated that all the poorest countries are located on the African continent. Almost all of them used to be colonies of European empires, and now they face political instability, civil wars, natural disasters, etc. These problems have been considered on the examples of Niger and Egypt. Another indicator of poverty is the percentage of people living below the poverty line. The difficulty of using this indicator is that national poverty lines in different countries can differ significantly. According to this indicator, 8 African and 2 Latin American countries (Guatemala and Haiti) are in the top ten. The Global Hunger Index (GHI) has been considered, according to which African countries and Syria are among the top ten starving countries. It should be noted that for some countries there is very little data on the number and share of the hungry. When studying the situation in some countries (North Korea, Turkmenistan, Somalia, etc.), it should be borne in mind that the governments of these countries do not always publish real official statistics, and those data that get into the mass media are not always true. It has been proven that the Human Development Index (HDI) is an integrated indicator that can be used to study the problem of poverty. It has been shown that 10 countries with the lowest HDI are located in Africa. Their place in this ranking is influenced not only by material factors, but also by the average life expectancy and education. Africa is still a continent with a large number of illiterate people. The Corruption Perceptions Index is also important for the study of poverty, because corruption slows down reforms and harms transparent market relations. Therefore, it becomes one of the factors of poverty. Using the statistics provided by Transparency International, we have found out that the most corrupt countries are more evenly distributed around the globe, among them are not only African ones, but also Asian and Latin American states. It can be summarized that the nature of poverty is different in the developed and developing countries. In the developing countries, natural conditions, peculiarities of the organization of socioeconomic life, the political system and even the personality of political leaders are important. In the developed countries, poverty is mostly a consequence of individual psychological characteristics, behaviour, specific life circumstances, etc. In these countries, poverty can be easily overcome.
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Kliuchnyk, Ruslan M. "MAJOR FACTORS CAUSING POVERTY UNDER MODERN CONDITIONS." Європейський вектор економічного розвитку 1, no. 32 (June 2022): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5362-2022-1-32-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article attempts to generalize some interpretations of the phenomenon of poverty in Economics. We proceed from the fact that this problem, in addition to its economic dimension, has political, social, legal, historical, cultural and other dimensions. In modern science, there is a pluralism of approaches to the classification of the causes of poverty, depending on the scientific approach, the worldview of the researcher, the purpose of the publication, etc. Addressing the public, the authors of a recent Scottish survey identify, for example, the following causes of poverty: 1) being born into poverty; 2) suffering through domestic abuse which leads to living in poverty due to the person not being in control of his or her income; 3) someone losing their employment, which is more of an issue at the moment due to the current COVID-19 crisis; 4) losing everything due to a partner gambling away the family income and savings; 5) being pressurised into supporting others due to emotional ties, leading to debt or increased debt and potentially the loss of their home. From the scientific point of view, one can distinguish, for example, the economic, political and social causes of poverty. We have introduced our own classification of the causes of poverty, highlighting natural and geographical, historical, hereditary, personal and psychological and, finally, economic factors themselves. It has been proven that poverty can be inherited as well as be the result of certain historical events, e.g. wars or revolutions. Natural factors also influence the level of poverty. We concluded that unemployment, low wages or social benefits, corruption, discrimination, unprofitability of an enterprise or industry, inflation are the economic factors of poverty. However, almost all of them also go beyond the economy itself and have political, social, legal, psychological and other components. According to some researchers, poverty is determined even by the type of housing in which a family lives. In addition to the relatively predictable factors, there are a large number of events that occur suddenly. We cannot predict these factors but they also affect the level of poverty, reducing the income of a population or a family and increasing the number of poor people. The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the factors that increased the number of the poor dramatically. Due to the disease itself and the quarantine restrictions, a large number of branches of national economies were obliged temporarily to suspend operations, and great damage was caused, in particular, to the retail trade, education, and the service sector. Of course, the main factor in the sudden impoverishment of the Ukrainian population is the large-scale invasion by Russia in February 2022. This open military attack has caused the deaths of thousands of civilians and military personnel, the destruction of infrastructure, and the departure of millions of Ukrainians abroad and to other regions of the country. We believe that the post-war restoration of Ukraine is possible only with the comprehensive support of the world community, primarily the developed countries of the West.
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Landman, Christina. "Free but fragile: Human relations amidst poverty and HIV in democratic South Africa." Oral History Journal of South Africa 2, no. 2 (March 22, 2015): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dullstroom-Emnotweni is the highest town in South Africa. Cold and misty, it is situated in the eastern Highveld, halfway between the capital Pretoria/Tswane and the Mozambique border. Alongside the main road of the white town, 27 restaurants provide entertainment to tourists on their way to Mozambique or the Kruger National Park. The inhabitants of the black township, Sakhelwe, are remnants of the Southern Ndebele who have lost their land a century ago in wars against the whites. They are mainly dependent on employment as cleaners and waitresses in the still predominantly white town. Three white people from the white town and three black people from the township have been interviewed on their views whether democracy has brought changes to this society during the past 20 years. Answers cover a wide range of views. Gratitude is expressed that women are now safer and HIV treatment available. However, unemployment and poverty persist in a community that nevertheless shows resilience and feeds on hope. While the first part of this article relates the interviews, the final part identifies from them the discourses that keep the black and white communities from forming a group identity that is based on equality and human dignity as the values of democracy.
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Bolbol, Ali A. "Arab Trade and Free Trade: A Preliminary Analysis." International Journal of Middle East Studies 31, no. 1 (February 1999): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800052946.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It would not have been wrong to argue twenty years ago that a united Arab economy would most likely be represented by the economies of Algeria and Iraq. Such an economy would have been characterized as having a promising industrial base, a viable agriculture, and a wealth of oil and mineral resources. From today';s viewpoint, of course, choosing these two countries could not have been more unfortunate. Algeria is in a state of siege that is keeping its economy hostage to political-military considerations, and Iraq's economy, after two wars and an embargo, is in a state of meltdown, to say the least. As a result, today's unqualified image of the Arab economy in general is that of wasted oil wealth, poverty, and political instability.
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Helmig, Bernd, Alexander Pinz, Benedikt Englert, and Fabiane Meiser. "Organizational Commitment in International Public Administrations: The Role of Public Service Motivation and Person-Organization Fit." Zeitschrift für öffentliche und gemeinwirtschaftliche Unternehmen 42, no. 1-2 (2019): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0344-9777-2019-1-2-121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International organizations are important actors in the fight against global challenges such as climate change, poverty, and civil wars. To deliver on their promises, they need efficient, effective international public administrations (IPAs) with highly qualified and committed staff. However, public management research has not identified the antecedents of organizational commitment in IPAs. Drawing from traditional public management literature, this study examines how public service motivation (PSM) and person-organization fit (PO fit) influence organizational commitment in IPAs. Findings from a survey of 101 employees of a European IPA show that both PSM and PO fit have a positive effect on organizational commitment, but contrary to established results in public management research, PO fit does not act as a mediator in the relationship between PSM and commitment.
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Roberts, Bill. "Introduction to Practicing Anthropology in Senegal." Practicing Anthropology 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.19.1.037w27n9n1623154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The numerous problems Africans face are familiar to all of us, in part because an ever-present media depicts graphic scenes of civil wars and refugees, recurrent droughts, and the heart-wrenching human suffering associated with widespread poverty. The appeal of fieldwork in Africa has attracted a large number of anthropologists over the past century whose accomplishments and insights have contributed greatly to the advancement of the discipline as a whole. The immense human and biophysical diversity that characterizes Africa continues to provide anthropologists with a wide range of exciting research opportunities relevant to some perceived "problem." Anthropologists have worked with their African colleagues on many of these topical problems, and notable examples have been published in previous editions of Practicing Anthropology.
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Shin, Wonchul. "Mama, Keep Walking for Peace and Justice: Gender Violence and Liberian Mothers’ Interreligious Peace Movement." Religions 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11070323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Focusing on the understudied area of women, religion, and peacebuilding, this essay offers the case study of Liberian mothers’ actions in the interreligious peace movement to address multiple forms of violence in the midst and aftermath of Liberian civil wars. This essay examines three forms of gender violence and their impact on the lives of Liberian women: (1) sexual violence, (2) forced mobilization of child soldiers, and (3) structural poverty. Afterwards, the essay explores the journey of Liberian mothers to peace and justice and analyzes the role of religion(s) in organizing and sustaining the mothers’ interreligious peace movement. Specifically, this essay highlights the concept of motherhood rooted in Pan-African religious traditions as a key moral resource to empower the mothers as peacebuilders and to foster restorative justice in their war-torn nation.