Дисертації з теми "Poumon – Résistance aux maladies"
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Bellanger, Anne-Pauline. "Etude des interactions initiales entre moisissures et cellules épithéliales respiratoires dans les pathologies fongiques infectieuses (aspergillose invasive) et immuno-allergiques (pneumopathies d'hypersensibilité)." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA0006.
Повний текст джерелаWaldschmidt, Ingrid. "Effet de l’effort, l’entrainement et l’inflammation sur l’immunité innée des voies respiratoires profondes du Trotteur Français." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2095.
Повний текст джерелаLower airway diseases are a common problem in sport and racing horses. Because the innate immunity plays an essential role in lung defense mechanisms against pathogens, we aimed to assess the effect of acute exercise, training and inflammation on pulmonary innate immune responses. In the first step of these PhD research, we evaluate an experimental model to assess equine pulmonary innate immune response which could be used in several conditions. Alveolar macrophages were isolated from broncho-alveolar lavages using an adhesion method and stimulated by TLR 2/6, 3 and 4 agonists. TLR are receptors able to recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns and to induce an immune response. Best conditions of alveolar macrophages stimulations were selected using PCR method. Evaluation of alveolar macrophages response to TLR ligands was performed by measurement of cytokine production in culture supernatants by ELISA. TLR relative expression was quantified by PCR. This experimental model was used in the second step of this work to evaluate the effect of strenuous exercise and training on respiratory innate immunity of horses. A longitudinal study was organized using eight young standardbred horses. Horses were trained and respiratory samplings were performed at different step of the protocol. Results of this study show a moderate effect of strenuous exercise and a negative and prolonged effect of training on alveolar macrophage response against viruses and bacteria. Effect of respiratory inflammation was assessed on owner horses presented at Cirale for respiratory affections. Pulmonary innate immunity was evaluated using the experimental model and compared between healthy horses and horses suffering of IAD and bacterial infection. Results show that alveolar macrophage response of IAD horses was not different from those of healthy horses. Alveolar macrophage response to TLR 4 stimulation was higher in bacterial infection group than in healthy group but the low number of horses included in each group need to take these results with caution. To conclude, this PhD research provides an experimental model to evaluate the ability of alveolar macrophages to recognize pathogens and initiate an immune response. The effect of strenuous exercise and training was assessed using this experimental model and show the negative impact of training on viral and bacterial immunity, which partly explain the high sensitivity of horses to respiratory affections during training periods. Molecular mechanisms involved in IAD stay unknown; complementary studies including higher number of horses should be required to complete these data
Guérard, Marie. "Signalisation nucléaire de l'IGF-1R et résistance aux thérapies anti-EGFR dans les cancers du poumon." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV085/document.
Повний текст джерелаResponsible of 1.6 million deaths each year worldwide, lung cancer is today the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Non-small-cell lung cancers account for about 85% of lung cancer and have a very bad prognosis (5-year survival rate inferior to 10%). EGFR-TKI (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, gefitinib) are a real medical advance for lung cancers treatment. However, these treatments are efficient in a small subgroup of patients. So, one of the current issues is to identify primary resistance mechanisms involved in tumors.Tyrosine kinase receptors (RTK) activate intracellular signaling pathways from the plasma membrane. These last years, a nuclear translocation of the RTK was shown. Recent works suggest that RTK nuclear signaling could contribute to tumors resistance in response to anti-cancerous therapies.In our team, it was shown that activation of IGF-1R signaling is associated with lung adenocarcinoma progression and that gefitinib induces IGF-1R nuclear accumulation in a mucinous adenocarcinoma cell line. On the basis of these results, we hypothesize that nuclear IGF-1R could play a role in the resistance of mucinous lung adenocarcinoma to EGFR-TKI.Our results indicate that more than 70% lung adenocarcinoma tumors present a positive IGF-1R nuclear staining. Thanks to EGFR-TKI-resistant cell lines, we show that gefitinib induces the nuclear accumulation of IGF-1R in mucinous adenocarcinoma. This nuclear translocation involves clathrin-mediated endocytosis and a complex between IGF-1R, importin β1 and pro-amphiregulin. Amphiregulin silencing prevents IGF-1R nuclear translocation in response to gefitinib and restores gefitinib-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Our whole results identify that IGF-1R intracellular trafficking is a new component of response to EGFR-TKI and strongly suggest that a nuclear IGF-1R/amphiregulin signaling contributes to mucinous lung adenocarcinoma progression in response to EGFR-TKI
Gruson, Didier. "Infections sévères en réanimation : de la colonisation à l'infection à bactéries potentiellement résistantes : exemple de Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21098.
Повний текст джерелаThe severe infection is the greater reason of the admission into the intensive care unit. Because this challenge is continuous, we should learn to prevent, to understand and to manage it. Our clinical research concerns the prevention of he colonisation due to P. Aeruginosa, the development of a good pactice in antibiotic usage, the decrease of the emergence in antibiotic resistance and the appropriateness of the empiric treatment of the ventilator-associated pneumonia. We have analysed the colonisation by P. Aeruginosa in an intensive care unit, especially in the cases of imunosuppressed patients. After characterize the resistance to quinolones due to mutations in the DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV, we have evaluated the positif impact of an antibiotics cycling protocol on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and the resistance to βlactams. We have compared the phenotypes of resistance in a context of pneumonia due to P. Aeruginosa and we have evaluated the incidence of the phenotype defined by the overproduction of cephalosporinases
Michel, Régis. "Contribution à l'étude des Pasteurella d'origine bovine en France." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO11699.
Повний текст джерелаIbn, Saied Wafa. "Pneumopathie nosocomiale acquise en réanimation : caractérisation en fonction de l’existence et de la durée de ventilation mécanique." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/IBN_SAIED_Wafa_va.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHealthcare-associated infections are the leading cause of death and the first prescription of antibiotics. Healthcare-associated pneumonia represents the first cause of morbidity mortality in ICU. In the context of limited antibiotic resources and an increase in the incidence of resistant germs, we studied:1) Risk factors for ventilator acquired pneumonia (VAP) taking into account the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV).2) If there is a difference between nonventilated and mechanically ventilated pneumonia in terms of etiology and prognostic?3) What is the impact of the adequacy of the initial antibiotic treatment, and what are the risk factors for inadequate treatment in gram-negative resistant VAP?Our results show that: Pneumonia acquired by no ventilated patient in the ICU (ICU-HAP) and VAP are due to the same germs with a higher risk of death in ICU-HAP. Early and late VAP are associated with different risk factors that may need different prevention policies. Previous-antibiotic therapy and prior-colonization with multiresistant bacteria explain the occurrence of resistant Gram Negative VAP. Duration of MV before the onset of pneumonia is no longer an independent risk factor for the occurrence of resistant gram-negative VAP. A percentage of infection or colonization with resistant BGN upper to 10% in the centre is associated with the occurrence of a gram-negative, resistant PAVM, regardless of individual risk factors. S. maltophilia VAP occurs belatedly and are very widely associated with high antibiotic consumption, especially penems. They are more often associated with inadequate initial antibiotic therapy.Our work confirms the need for further research to optimize the diagnosis and early adequacy of antibiotics, in particular in ICU-HAP and VAP caused by potentially antibiotic-resistant BGN
Bardet, Chloé. "Identification précoce de bactéries et étude des mécanismes de résistance aux antibiotiques par analyses protéomiques en spectrométrie de masse." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0039.
Повний текст джерелаPersonalized medicine for infectious diseases or cancer becomes more and more important in modern therapy. Furthermore, probabilistic treatment has been associated with the development of resistant bacteria causing infectious diseases. As a result, probabilistic treatments are replaced by adapted treatment for pathologies and patients. However, this new approach needs available companion diagnosis tests that are sensitive but also specific tests able to provide rapid pathogen and resistance markers identification in biological fluids. Beside molecular methods, widely developed but with multiplex limits, proteomic technics have recently joined the infectious diagnosis. This work consisted in developing mass spectrometry technics for bacteria and resistance marker identifications. This work focused on 3 applications: 1) identification and quantitation of microorganisms in crude samples (endotracheal aspirates (ETA)) from patient suffering of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), 2) detection of genetic elements involved in antibiotic resistance : the integrons, 3) detection of antibiotic resistance phenotypes in S. aureus
Bodnar-Wachtel, Mélanie. "Étude du rôle de NLRP3 dans la tumorigenèse pulmonaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10184.
Повний текст джерелаDuring my PhD, I have been interested in the role of the innate immune receptor NLRP3, a key component of the inflammasome, in lung cancer development. Our results show the presence of a functional NLRP3 inflammasome in normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). Surprisingly, NLRP3 expression is strongly down-regulated in a large panel of NSCLC cell lines and patient tumors compared to healthy tissue. Moreover, we unravel that NLRP3 contributes to the transcription of H2AFX, the coding gene for the histone variant H2AX, in an inflammasome independent-manner. The deletion of NLRP3 in HBEC impairs double strand break signal amplification and transduction, resulting in a decrease in DNA repair. This repair defect leads to genomic instability, which is increased in lung adenocarcinomas expressing low levels of NLRP3. My PhD work identifies NLRP3 as a key factor of the DNA damage response and genomic integrity maintenance by regulating the transcription of H2AFX. This new role for NLRP3, together with its loss in NSCLC, makes it as a potential tumor suppressor
Perino, Julien. "Implication de facteurs lipidiques (DPPG, sulfatide) et protéique (SP-D) dans un modèle d’infection respiratoire par les poxvirus." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENV047.
Повний текст джерелаVariola virus was declared eradicated in 1980 after a worldwide vaccination campaign. A better understanding of the infection process of orthopoxviruses is nevertheless necessary because of the potential release of variola by bioterrorists. Here we report potential counter-measures against Variola virus that could result from studying mechanisms of viral entry and immunity against Variola virus. The purpose of this work was to study multiple factors in vaccinia virus entry in the lung and thus gain a better understanding of the infectious process that could be used to stop infection by Orthopoxvirus. The innate immune functions displayed by some phospholipids (DiPalmitoyl PhosphatidylGlycerol) in lung surfactant were studied. The discovery of the ability of DPPG to inhibit vaccinia virus infection in cell culture led to the evaluation of its in vivo activity during a lethal vaccinia virus infection. Furthermore, the analysis of the interaction between vaccinia virus and plasma membrane lipids (sulfatide) enabled the definition of a secondary receptor for vaccinia virus in addition to glycosaminoglycans that were characterized previously. Finally, examination of the specific innate immunity provided by proteins in lung surfactant allowed us to highlight interactions between one surfactant protein (Surfactant protein D) and vaccinia virus. These interactions were then characterized as inhibitory interactions for vaccinia virus infection. Our findings underline the importance of lipids and proteins inlung surfactant as well as lipids in the plasma membrane in the Poxvirus infection and suggest that these molecules may be potential new targets for the development of new therapeutic and prophylactic products to efficiently treat poxvirus infection
Girou, Emmanuelle. "Prévention des infections liées aux soins en réanimation." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003949320204611&vid=upec.
Повний текст джерелаPatients hospitalized in intensive care units are at high-risk of acquiring infections because of their high severity and high exposure to invasive devices. One part of these infections may probably be avoided using effective measures, especially the part associated with care activities. This thesis presents the studies we conducted in this field with a first part focusing on the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and a second part discussing the prevention of cross transmission via hands. For VAP prevention, the use of noninvasive ventilation was associated with a significant reduction of VAP and other sites of infection whereas, in another study, the use of subglottic secretions drainage and semi-recumbent position had no effect on tracheal colonization, which normally precedes lung infection. We also demonstrated that the use of alcoholic hand-rubs, the rational use of gloves and, the screening of multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus on admission might help limiting cross transmission of microorganisms in intensive care units
Palloix, Alain. "Potentiel et limites d'une résistance polygénique : la résistance du piment (Capsicum annuum) à Phytophthora capsici." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10094.
Повний текст джерелаSève, Pascal. "Pharmacorésistance et cancer du poumon Non à petites cellules." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10008.
Повний текст джерелаHatat, Anne-Sophie. "Epissage Alternatif d'ATG16L1b : un rôle dans l'échappement des tumeurs pulmonaires aux thérapies anti-EGFR." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV027/document.
Повний текст джерелаIdentifying what is a driver oncogene and developping small molecules that are able to targetits activity led to drastic changes in NSCLC treatments. EGFR is a transmembrane receptorwith Tyrosine Kinase (TK) activity allowing signal transmission from the environment towardsthe inner of the cell by signaling pathways activation. Among those signaling pathways arefound survival and proliferation pathways. Activating mutations make EGFR a driver onco-gene, which was the first protein to be identified as such. Hence numerous chemical compoundtargeting mutated EGFR (EGFR-TKI, gefitinib) have been developped. Their use in clinicsrepresent a huge improvement for patients care. However resistance mechanisms ultimatelyoccur. Transcriptomic analyses of acquired resistant models to EGFR-TKI have shown thattheir RNA transcripts expression is abnormal. Moreover results from the team have demons-trated that SR proteins (splicing factor) expression is deregulated in NSCLC. Based on thoseresults we hypothesized that SRSF2 mediated alternative splicing of mRNA could be involvedin resistance mechanims acquired by lung carcinoma in response to EGFR-TKIThe lab developped resistant clones by chronic exposure to gefitinib of EGFR mutated lungadenocarcinoma cellular models.We first observed the accumulation of the expression of SRSF2 protein in resistant clonescompared to the sensitive cell line. Secondly, sensitivity to gefitinib induced apoptosis of twoclones was resored when neutralising SRSF2. A RNA-seq analysis led us to identify Atg16L1 aspotentially being involved in the SRSF2-mediated sensitization to gefitinib-induced apoptosis.SRSF2 neutralisation modulates Atg16L1 splicing in response to gefitinib. Neutralisation ofExon 8 containing transcripts of Atg16L1 sensitizes resistant clones to gefitinib induced apop-tosis. This alternative splicing switch modulates autophagic activity of the cells in reponseto gefitinib. We have shown that exon8 containing transcripts favor autophagy inhibition inreponse to gefitinib. This work emphasize the role of Atg16L1 alternative splicing switch ofexon8 in autophagy inhibition and its correlation with a resistant phenotype in response toEGFR-TKI. SRSF2 may participate in the modulation of this alternative splicing switch inreponse to gefitinib
Barnadas, Céline. "Épidémiologie moléculaire et résistance de Plasmodium vivax aux antipaludiques à Madagascar." Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/33/05/91/PDF/theseCeline_vivax.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOur objective was to assess (i) the importance of Plasmodium vivax infections in Madagascar, (ii) the parasite sensitivity to antimalarial drugs, and (iii) molecular markers role to monitor antimalarial drug resistance. The study was led on 8 sentinel sites. An in vivo protocol was conducted according to WHO criteria. P. Vivax isolates were analysed for nucleotidic polymorphisms on pvcrt-o, pvmdr1, pvdhfr and pvdhps genes. We searched fro polymorphisms on pvcsp, pvmsp3, pvmsp1 genes and on microsatellites sequences to genotype the isolates from the in vivo protocol. Microsatellites markers were also used to assess the genetic diversity of the Malagasy isolates. Other microsatellites sequences located in the flanking regions of dhfr and dhps genes were identified to assess the origin and propagation of resistant clones
Bonduelle, Olivia. "Etude multiparamétrique des mécanismes de la réponse immunitaire contre les infections virales des voies respiratoires et après vaccination." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066447.
Повний текст джерелаImmune protection against viral respiratory infections requires the induction of synchronized innate and adaptive immune responses. In this thesis, the role of various immune effectors acting in the early and late phases of the immune responses after infection and vaccination was studied. A murine model of vaccinia virus nasal infection allowed us to establish the pivotal role of myeloid dendritic cells expressing the CX3CR1 chemokine receptor in the initiation of specific T cell response. These results demonstrate the existence of an early coordination between innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, which is involved in the induction of a protective response. Data from two clinical studies were used to study various immune parameters after vaccination and infection with pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus and to model the induced responses. A multiparametric analysis of seven effectors of the adaptive immunity shows strong heterogeneity of vaccine-induced immune responses, depending on the residual anti-influenza response. A principal component analysis identifies five profiles of adaptive responses. In addition, a year after vaccination, specific immune memory has similar characteristics to the induced responses detected after a moderate viral infection. However, the quality and intensity of memory responses after pandemic vaccine are different from the one observed after a severe infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus. These results suggest that a balance between the different compartments of the cellular immune responses after vaccination or infection is essential for immune protection. This work opens up new ways in the correlates of vaccine efficacy and protection
Millet, Anne. "Résistance aux pathogènes et régulation de la réponse immune chez Caenorhabditis elegans." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22040.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMonteiro-Sepulveda, Milena. "Functional and immune alterations of the intestine in human obesity." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066573.
Повний текст джерелаL'épithélium intestinal contribue à l'homéostasie glucidique assurant la digestion des aliments, l'absorption des nutriments et la sécrétion des entero-hormones aprs un repas. GLUT2, un transporteur de sucre à haute capacité, est transitoirement recruté dans la membrane apicale des entérocytes en réponse à un repas riche en sucre. L'augmentation de l'insulinémie provoquée par l'hyperglycémie postabsorptive déclenche l'internalisation de GLUT2 dans l'entérocyte, mécanisme qui est perdu chez les rongeurs diabétiques ou rendus résistants à l'insuline par le régime. Dans le jéjunum de sujets obèses morbides résistants à l'insuline et/ou diabétiques de type 2, j'ai montré une localisation anormalement permanente, de GLUT2 dans la membrane apicale des entérocytes. La localisation apicale de GLUT2 favorise un échange bidirectionnel transépithélial de glucose. GLUT2 peut aussi s'accumuler dans les endosomes des sujets dont l'alimentation est riche en graisse et plus pauvre en hydrate de carbone. Ces localisations anormales de GLUT2 dans les entérocytes sont un signe d'adaptation pathologique de l'intestin à l'obésité humaine (Diabetes J 2011). L'obésité est une maladie inflammatoire à bas grade, affectant la sensibilité à l'insuline de plusieurs organes. L'immunité intestinale est peu étudiée dans l'obésité humaine. J'ai montré que la muqueuse intestinale des sujets obèses est hypertrophique et associée à un accroissement du nombre de cellules de l'immunité innée et adaptative. Ces modifications sont en lien avec les changements biocliniques mesurés chez les sujets obèses. Le phénotype des lymphocytes T du jéjunum a été établi en cytométrie de flux et par l'expression de gènes. L'activité des lymphocytes T de sujets obèses, pas celle des sujets minces, dégrade la sensibilité à l'insuline des entérocytes Caco2/TC7 (2 manuscripts en préparation). Nos résultats suggèrent que l'adaptation de l'immunité intestinale dans l'obésité affecte la sensibilité à l'insuline des entérocytes modifiant la fonction d'absorption des sucres dans l'intestin
Viau, Muriel. "Effets des superantigènes B in vitro et in vivo dans un modèle de souris transgèniques humanisées." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA132031.
Повний текст джерелаTasiemski, Aurélie. "Caractérisation et rôle des peptides antimicrobiens dans l'immunité innée de la sangsue Theromyzon tessulatum." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-349.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBélanger, Martin. "Caractérisation d'une lignée cellulaire cancéreuse du poumon résistante au VP-16." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24091/24091.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBozdogan, Bülent. "Mécanismes de résistance aux lincosamides et aux streptogramines chez les bactéries à Gram positif." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05N132.
Повний текст джерелаFopa, Fomeju Berline. "Impact des duplications du génome du colza (Brassica napus L. ) sur l’organisation des régions génomiques impliquées dans la résistance quantitative à Leptosphaeria maculans." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSARC114.
Повний текст джерелаAll crop species are recent or ancient polyploids and have more or less duplicated genomes. Following polyploidy events, structural and functional modifications result in differential gene content or regulation in the duplicated regions, which can play a fundamental role in the diversification o the genes underlying complex traits. To better understand the functioning of the genetic factors controlling the agronomic traits, I is necessary to analyze them in the light of the duplications in the genome. We have addressed this issue in oilseed rape, a species with a highly duplicated genome, with the aim of studying the consequences of genome duplications on the structural and functional organization of the genomic regions involved in quantitative resistance to stem canker. Numerous genomic regions were identified, which confirmed the high polygenic nature of this resistance. Their distribution was quite equivalent between A and C genomes of oilseed rape but a bias was observed in relation with the subgenomes deriving from the ancestral triplication event of Brassica clad. A least 44 % of the genomic regions corresponded to homologous duplicated regions of five Arabidopsis thaliana syntetic blocks. A comparative genomic analysis with A. Thaliana showed that many genes maintained in several duplicated regions were involved in the stress response, which converges with the results obtained in other species. Comparative genomics also allowed us to draw hypotheses on the function of genes underlying the QTL located in these genomic regions
Boisnard, Arnaud. "Caractérisation des QTL de résistance au Rice yellow mottle virus chez le riz et relation avec les facteurs d’initiation de la traduction de type 4E et 4G." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20080.
Повний текст джерелаThis document presents the analysis of QTLs of partial resistance to Rice yellow mottle virus in rice. Classical genetic and mapping approaches were associated with a candidate-gene approach on eIF4E and eIF4G translation initiation factor genes, which seems to be largely involved in plant/virus interactions. In a first step, QTL mapping was improved by the analysis of two populations in a multi-cross design using an integrative map. In a second step, translation initiation factor eIF4E and eIF4G genes were identified on the rice genomic sequence; four of them were co-located with QTLs. In a third step, near-isogenic lines were developed in order to confirm or to reject these co-locations. EIF4E candidate gene, located near a major QTL on chromosome 1, was rejected. On chromosome 2, an eIF4G-like candidate gene was also rejected, whereas an eIF(iso)4G gene was neither confirmed, nor rejected. Finally, a co-location between a major QTL of chromosome 12 and an eIF4G-like gene was confirmed. The QTL was mapped to a 1,66 Mb interval, but a suppression of recombination impaired the reduction of this interval. The interval presents characteristics of pericentromeric regions: low gene density and large stretches of nested transposable elements. EIF4G-like characterization revealed non-synonymous polymorphisms between susceptible and resistant varieties, and the insertion of a retrotransposon in an intron, in resistant varieties. Finally, our results suggest that genes from eIF4E family do not control partial resistance and that two genes from eIF4G family are candidate for governing QTLs of resistance
Chopy, Damien. "Modulation de la réponse immunitaire au cours d'une infection virale du système nerveux, l'étude du virus de la rage." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066129.
Повний текст джерелаOlicard, Cécile. "Recherche de substances anti-virales chez l'huître creuse, Crassostrea gigas." La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS110.
Повний текст джерелаBarbier, Diane. "Impact du virus Influenza de type A sur la régulation de MUC5AC, l’une des principales mucines respiratoires." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066683.
Повний текст джерелаDostert, Catherine. "Etude de la réponse antivirale de la drosophile." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13146.
Повний текст джерелаBilak, Hana. "DmMyD88, un nouvel élément pour l'étude des récepteurs Toll de la drosophile." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/BILAK_Hana_2004.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLefebvre, Christophe. "Étude de la réponse immunitaire chez la sangsue theromyzon tessulatum : approches différentielles." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-101.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLafarge, Sandrine. "Signalisation dans le lymphocyte B humain au décours de son activation in vitro via les molécules de l'immunité innée." Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STET007T.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Estelle. "Les conséquences de l’infection par le virus chikungunya sur les vecteurs du genre Aedes." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066306.
Повний текст джерелаSchikorski, David. "Mise en évidence de molécules impliquées dans la réponse immunitaire innée du système nerveux central de la sangsue médicimale Hirudo medicinalis." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-303.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGiroux, Leprieur Etienne. "Facteurs de résistance à la chimiothérapie à base de sels de platine dans les cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules : Rôle de la voie Sonic Hedgehog dans la chimiorésistance." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066223/document.
Повний текст джерелаNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is known to be chemoresistant. Few robust markers of chemoresistance have been validated so far in this type of cancer. We have described in this work new innovative markers of resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in NSCLC. After the study of usual clinical and molecular caracteristics of patients who were refractory to chemotherapy, we have then explored the role of the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway in NSCLC and its impact in term of chemoresistance. We have shown that Shh pathway, closely linked with cancer stem cells, was correlated with the refractory property to chemotherapy. Positive Gli2 immunohistochemistry score was associated with tumor progression et progression-free survival. We have also demonstrated a correlation between Shh activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, known to be linked with tumor aggressiveness, metastatic ability and chemoresistance. We have then validated the great role of Shh pathway in tumor proliferation and chemoresistance in another thoracic cancer, known to be chemoresistant, the malignant pleural mesothelioma. At last, the impact of ceancer stem cells on tumor aggressiveness and prognosis has been demonstrated through the study of the expression of hPAF1C (human polymerase II-associated factor 1 complex), described as overactivated in cancer stem cells and linked to Shh pathway activation. We have shown that hPAF1C expression was associated with poor prognosis and with tumor proliferation through an interaction with c-Myc. These results underline the major role of Shh pathway and cancer stem cells in SNCLC in term of chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness
Cover, Stéphane. "Pneumopathie d'hypersensibilité aux sels d'or : revue de la littérature et apport de la tomodensitométrie, à propos d'un cas." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11118.
Повний текст джерелаChazara, Trokiner Olympe. "Diversité génétique structurale et fonctionnelle du CMH chez le Poulet : Implication pour la résistance aux maladies." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00601989.
Повний текст джерелаChazara, Olympe. "Diversité génétique structurale et fonctionnelle du CMH chez le Poulet : implication pour la résistance aux maladies." AgroParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/index.php?halsid=35l606vho81sjdsfhrtdi0bke1&view_this_doc=pastel-00601989&version=1.
Повний текст джерелаThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a complex genomic region in Vertebrates, still imperfectly known in the chicken and which shows a great genetic variability. The MHC is also an interesting region for studying the genetic determinism of adaptation to pathogens in an evolutionary context. Moreover, the MHC plays a central role in the immune response of an animal to infectious diseases, while a better understanding of the genetic determinism of the immune response against pathogens is important for developing a comprehensive strategy to fight against infectious diseases. We therefore used recent tools of genomics, including genetic markers such as SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) to characterize the B region of the chicken MHC. First, genetic diversity has been evaluated in more than 80 breeds or populations with the LEI0258 marker. Then, to cover the entire region using SNP markers, we chose to identify these polymorphisms by resequencing 11 genes of interest and comparing the sequences obtained with the genome sequence and reference sequences available in databases. It also led to the improvement of the knowledge of a number of genes, including three DM-like non-classical class II genes. A 96 SNPs chip, dedicated to the B region of the chicken MHC, has been produced and will soon provide the genotypes of a number of infectious challenge studies conducted at INRA
Richard, Manon. "Clusters de gènes de résistance aux maladies chez le haricot commun : bases moléculaires, régulation et évolution." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112401.
Повний текст джерелаCommon bean is the main source of protein for human consumption in many developing countries. Several huge disease resistance (R) gene clusters have been mapped at the end of common bean linkage groups. The common bean genome (Andean genotype G19833) has recently been sequenced. Access to the complete genome sequence of common bean allowed us to annotate the Nucleotide Binding-Leucine Rich Repeat (NL) encoding gene family, the prevalent class of disease R genes in plants, and to perform the 3 following studies: (i) We have investigated the molecular basis of Co-x, an anthracnose R gene to a highly virulent strain of C. lindemuthianum, previously identified in the Andean cultivar JaloEEP558. Fine mapping of Co-x and sequencing of the target region in JaloEEP558, allowed us to identify a candidate gene encoding an atypical kinase. We hypothesised that this atypical kinase is a fungal effector target. (ii) Several recent studies have highlighted the role of small RNA (miRNAs that triggered phased siRNAs production) in the regulating of NL gene expression. Analyses of small RNAs libraries of common bean led to the identification of this mechanism in common bean and also allowed us to propose a new NL regulation pathway involving 24 nt sRNAs. (iii) We have studied centromeric and subtelomeric satellite DNAs at common bean genome level. We have identified 2 different satellite DNAs in common bean centromeres, Nazca and CentPv2. We have also conducted the analyze of the subtelomeric satellite khipu, previously identified in common bean R clusters and confirmed that frequent sequence exchange occurs between non-homologous chromosome ends in common bean genome. Together, these results led us to propose that both structural elements and a combination of regulatory mechanisms (TGS, PTGS) allow the amplification of NL sequences without detrimental effect for the plant leading to the large NL clusters observed in common bean
Bussmann, Vincent. "Caractérisation physique et expression du gène NRAMP1 chez les petits ruminants : application à l'évaluation de son rôle dans la résistance du mouton à la salmonellose abortive ovine." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR3806.
Повний текст джерелаPercoco, Giuseppe. "Biomolécules et immunité cutanée en lien avec l'écologie microbienne de la peau." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES007.
Повний текст джерелаSire, Christelle. "Etude des effets de la protéine P1 et du virus de la panachure jaune du riz (Rice yellow mottle virus) sur l'extinction post-transcriptionnelle des gènes : application à la construction de vecteurs viraux chez le riz." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0598.
Повний текст джерелаMost plant viruses have evolved to conteract the defence mechanism based on RNA silencing. Thus, many viral proteins have been well studied for their features in silencing suppression. Among these proteins, P1 protein from Rice yellow mottle virus, responsible for serious disease in irrigated rice systems in Africa, has been described. This study characterised silencing suppression features of RYMV under natural infection on rice plants. Biolistic delivery assays on rice leaves and Agrobacterium-based leaf infiltration assays on Nicotiana benthamiana, determined that P1 undergoes silencing with variable efficiency when inoculating different P1. Moreover, as RYMV is a highly diverse virus, both at genetic scale or at pathogenicity scale, we attempted to evaluate variability of silencing suppression with RYMV particles. Infected O. Sativa with different RYMV isolates, exhibited contrasted silencing suppression on uidA transgene. We thus revealed that RYMV has a qualitative effect on silencing suppression, which is not correlated to virus phylogeny. Silencing suppression at virus scale was also inversely correlated to pathogenicity of isolates. These results suggested that silencing suppression occuring under RYMV infection, is a complex mechanism. Thus, the involvement of the coat protein, on miRNA accumulation regulation, was demonstrated in transgenic rice lines expressing this protein. Moreover these results will be usefull to improve RYMV-based expression and VIGS vectors, that have been developed in a second study. The purpose of this work is to assess the ability of construction of RYMV-based expression and VIGS vectors and to evaluate gene insertion constraint
Leone, Philippe. "Etudes structurales de protéines impliquées dans la réponse immunitaire innée des insectes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11077.
Повний текст джерелаUpon microbial infection, the activation of innate immunity in the hemolymph of insects involves principally two protein families: receptors which interact with specific molecular patterns on microorganisms, and serine proteases which amplify and regulate the signal through proteolytic cascades. I used different expression systems (bacteria, yeast and insect cells) to produce four drosophila clip-trypsins in order to solve their crystallographic structure. These trypsin-like serine proteases have at least one small N-terminal cysteine-rich domain called ‘clip' which is involved in the regulation of the enzyme. The best result was obtained with SF9 cells which expressed and properly secreted the clip-trypsin CG9733. The clip domain of CG16705 was also refolded from inclusion bodies expressed in bacteria. In collaboration with the laboratory IBMC (Strasbourg), I expressed the receptor PGRP-SD in drosophila S2 cells and solved its crystallographic structure. This peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) from drosophila is a receptor for Gram+ bacteria, as PGRP-SA, but the data suggest they recognize different bacteria and interact with different co-receptors. Although the peptidoglycan binding site is conserved, the comparison of PGRP-SD and PGRP-SA structures reveals some differences, especially in the surface charge distribution. Furthermore, the analysis of surface residues highlights two regions: one that is not conserved between the two receptors and probably interacts with co-receptors, the other, a hydrophobic crevice that is highly conserved across the PGRP family
Levy, Francine. "Analyse de la réponse immunitaire de la drosophile par une approche protéomique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/LEVY_Francine_2005.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSequencing of the genome of the insect model, Drosophila melanogaster, which was completed in 2000, gave a great impetus to post-genomic studies. Investigation of gene and gene product expression can be achieved by transcriptomic and peptidomic/proteomic analyses. These approaches are complementary, however, only the latter allows the study of post-translational modifications, which play an important role in protein functionality, or interactions within protein complexes. Improvements in advanced techniques and bioinformatics provide new tools to characterize proteins involved in physiological processes, such as the immune response of Drosophila. Profiling of the proteins present in the hemolymph of noninfected flies versus flies infected by various microorganisms, was realized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differential isotope labelling of samples. Through this differential analysis, various families of molecules were found to be regulated after the infection. Among them, I identified proteases, protease inhibitors, odorant binding proteins and molecules involved in the binding of lipids, calcium or iron. These molecules are thus new candidates for the further detailed investigation of innate immune mechanisms. In summary, this differential proteomic analysis of the immune response of Drosophila, provides new prospects for the study of proteins regulated during innate immunity
Michel, Tatiana. "Rôle des protéines de reconnaissance du peptidoglycane (PGRPs) dans la réponse immunitaire de la drosophile." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13107.
Повний текст джерелаBischoff, Vincent. "Rôle des PGRPs dans l'activation et dans le contrôle de la réponse immunitaire de Drosophila melanogaster." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/BISCHOFF_Vincent_2006.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAbi, Khattar Ziad. "Impact de la résistance aux peptides antimicrobiens et aux composés toxiques sur les interactions bactéries-insectes : cas des infections par Photorhabdus luminescens et Bacillus cereus." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20202.
Повний текст джерелаAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the major effectors of insect humoral immune response. Enterobacteria of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus as well as the Gram-positive bacilli Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis are able to infect and to kill many insects at larval stage. That suggests that bacteria develop mechanisms of resistance to these AMPs. The goal of this study was to identify genes that confer resistance to AMPs in P. Luminescens and B. Cereus and to study their role in insect infections. In this study, we first demonstrated that in vitro AMP resistance of Xenorhabdus strains is not correlated with their virulence in insects unlike P. Luminescens and B. Thuringiensis strains. In P. Luminescens, we identified the msbB (lpxM) gene which encodes an acetyltransferase involved in the secondary acylation of lipid A moiety of the Lipopolysaccharide. The heterologous expression of P. Luminescens msbB gene in the AMP sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae lpxM mutant restores AMP resistance to the wild-type levels. In addition, we addressed the role of P. Luminescens MdtABC efflux pump during the infection process. Inactivation of P. Luminescens mdtA gene allowed us to show that this gene is neither essential for in vitro resistance to various antimicrobial agents (including AMPs) nor for virulence in insects. Using a strain of P. Luminescens harbouring a transcriptional fusion of the mdtA gene promoter with a reporter gene encoding the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), we showed that in vitro mdtABC operon expression is not constitutive but it is significantly induced by copper. Nevertheless, this operon is highly induced in supernatants from stationary phase bacterial cultures as well as during late stages of insect infection. This strong mdtABC induction was only observed within bacteria colonizing the extracellular matrixes of Locusta migratoria hematopoietic organ and Spodoptera littoralis gut. For the first time in entomopathogenic bacteria, we identified a specific signal from an insect tissue that induces bacterial gene expression during infection. Finally, we studied the dlt locus of B. Cereus which is involved in teichoic acid D-alanylation in Gram-positive bacteria. A similar dlt region was also found in P. Luminescens. We have shown that a B. Cereus dlt operon mutant is highly sensitive to the in vitro action of AMPs including those of insect innate immunity such as lysozyme and the inducible AMP cecropin B of Spodoptera frugiperda. This mutant was also avirulent after intrahemocoelic injection within insects. These results illustrate the correlation between AMP resistance and virulence in entomopathogenic bacteria
Vézilier, Julien. "Résistance aux insecticides et transmission de la malaria chez le moustique Culex pipiens." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20038.
Повний текст джерелаThe evolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes threatens our ability to control many-vector-transmitted diseases, thereby raising serious public health issues. Insecticide resistance entails numerous physiological changes in mosquitoes. This thesis investigates whether these physiological changes alter the quality of mosquitoes as vectors of malaria. To address this issue, we developed a new experimental system consisting in the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum SGS1 and its natural vector, the mosquito Culex pipiens. We investigated the impact of two insecticide resistance mechanisms (target site resistance and metabolic resistance) on several mosquito and parasite life history traits relevant for malaria transmission. The effect of different insecticide resistant genes was investigated using both isogenic laboratory mosquito strains (i.e. against a homogeneous genetic background) and sympatric field caught mosquitoes (i.e. under the more realistic, albeit noisier, conditions of a heterogeneous genetic background). We show that insecticide resistance has a pleiotropic effect on several mosquito traits (immunocompetence, longevity, fecundity), whereas it has only a limited effect on Plasmodium development. We discuss, on the one hand, the need to pursue such a multi-factorial approach (combining the mosquito physiology, immunity and behavior) to better understand the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria transmission and, on the other hand, the promising perspectives offered by this new experimental system for studying the evolutionary-ecology of infectious diseases
Charles, Marie Thérèse. "Bases physiologiques de la résistance aux maladies post-récolte induite par les rayons UV chez la tomate." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51252.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMeaux, Juliette de. "Polymorphisme moléculaire relatif à la résistance aux maladies dans les populations naturelles de haricot commun (Phaseolus vulgaris)." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112001.
Повний текст джерелаMolecular analysis of diversity at complex resistance gene loci suggest that selection could have contributed to their organisation. In common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) two multigenic families of Resistance Gene Candidates (RGCs) have been identified, among which one shows a greater complexity with more numerous members than the other. In an attempt to bring insight into the question of the evolutionary forces which may have shaped their evolution, RFLP polymorphism for these 2 gene families was assessed in wild populations sampled across several regions. The populations had been previously assessed for diversity at neutral loci (RAPD) and diversity for resistance phenotypes to strains of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, one of the major pathogen of bean. RGC polymorphism was detected for both gene families both within and among populations, at all geographical scales. The analysis of diversity shown by the less complex of the two families indicates that copy number polymorphism may be found at all geographical scales. .
Ballimi, Elsa. "Etude des interactions riz-Magnaporthe oryzae. Diversité, origine et évolution du locus du gène de résistance Pi33." Montpellier, ENSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0035.
Повний текст джерелаThe specific recognition of the pathogen follows the gene-for-gene theory. A review of the literature allowed to show that 85 genes and 347 QTLs of resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae have already been mapped. The product of the avirulence gene ACE1 of M. Oryzae is original because it is not secreted. Consequently, the resistance gene corresponding to ACE1, Pi33, could reveal a resistance mechanism different from those already known. During this work, the presence of the resistance gene Pi33 was detected at a high frequency in the domesticated rice subspecies indica. Using couples of isogenic strains, Pi33 was also identified in some accessions of wild rice species, suggesting an ancient origin of Pi33. Moreover, we characterized the introgression of Pi33 from an accession of the wild species O. Rufipogon in the variety IR64. In addition, we constructed a physical map of the Pi33 locus in a resistant variety. A partial sequence of the locus in this resistant variety was obtained and compared with the sequence of two susceptible varieties. The comparative study of the locus in 3 varieties confirmed a complex evolution of the locus. 3 NBS-LRR candidate genes were identified in the susceptible variety Nipponbare and 7 in the resistant variety IR64. Sequence polymorphism and level of expression of various candidate genes was characterized in different varieties. Although this approach did not allow identifying Pi33, the identification of 20 mutant lines for Pi33 will allow a functional analysis of the gene. Cloning Pi33 was attempted by different approaches (mutants, complementation). This work is still in progress. Finally, because the originality of the interaction ACE1/Pi33 could result in an original regulation pathway, the expression of marker genes was compared between different incompatible and compatible interactions involving Pi33 or not. These results suggest that even within different genetic backgrounds, Pi33 contributes to a conserved defence pathway
Ferrero, Frédéric. "Approche physio-pathologique et exploitation génétique de l'expression de la résistance à l'oïdium (sphaerotheca pannosa lev. , var. Rosae) dans le genre Rosa." Avignon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AVIG0314.
Повний текст джерелаPowdery mildew of the rose tree induces heavy economic consequences. This disease is due to an external fungus Sphaerotheca pannosa var. Rosae that develops on the host without resulting in his death. This work of thesis points out a study in four steps of the relations host-parasite : 1- the evaluation of the expression of the symptoms of powdery mildew, in two collections, one of botanical species and another of modern rose trees. This approach allowed to identify resistant genotypes. 2- a program of crossings to evaluate the transmission of resistance and abilities for combination. The observation of the segregations, on the progenies from a diallele crossing plan between diploid species, confirmed that the character of resistance was controlled by several genes. The process for introgression of resistance, via a dihaploïd (2x) of modern rose tree (4x) cross with R. Wichuraïana (2x) followed with serial brother-sister crossings revealed as essential to fix the character. 3- the search for tools of sifting. This one led to a biological test of evaluation of resistance to powdery mildew and to methods for the isolation of the inoculum and following for the obtainment of mono-conidial isolates. 4- the study of the installation of the foliar cuticle and its efficiency according to : genotype, age of the organ and environmental conditions. A process was established to modulate the installation of the cuticle on plantlets resulting from in vitro. The cuticular evapotranspiration of resistant genotypes was measured lower than that of sensitive. At last, high calcium level in the nutrition of rose tree would activate the biosynthesis of the cuticle. In conclusion, the whole of these results contributes to the knowledge of the disease and to the definition of a strategy for the selection of the character of Resistance to powdery mildew