Дисертації з теми "Potentiels de champs"
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Bautin, Antoine. "Stratégie d'exploration multirobot fondée sur le calcul de champs de potentiels." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0261/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is part of Cart-O-Matic project set up to participate in the challenge CARROTE (mapping of a territory) organized by the ANR and the DGA. The purpose of this challenge is to build 2D and 3D maps of a static unknown 'apartment-like' environment. In this context, the use of several robots is advantageous because it increases the time efficiency to discover fully the environment. However, as we show, the gain is determined by the level of cooperation between robots. We propose a cooperation strategy for efficient multirobot mapping. A difficulty is the construction of a common map, necessary so that each robot can know the areas of the environment which remain unexplored.For a good cooperation with a simple algorithm we propose a deployment technique based on the choice of a target by each robot. The proposed algorithm tries to distribute the robots in different directions. It is based on calculation of the partial potential fields allowing each robot to compute efficiently its next target. In addition to these theoretical contributions, we describe the complete robotic system implemented in the Cart-O-Matic team that helped win the last edition of the CARROTE challenge
Bautin, Antoine. "Stratégie d'exploration multirobot fondées sur le calcul de champs de potentiels." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936953.
Повний текст джерелаPerrin, Hélène. "Condensats de Bose-Einstein, champs évanescents et champs radio-fréquences." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355511.
Повний текст джерелаDans un second temps, sur la proposition d'Oliver Zobay et Barry Garraway, nous avons mis au point une nouvelle approche pour confiner les atomes dans des potentiels très anisotropes. La combinaison d'un champ radiofréquence (RF) et d'un champ magnétique statique résulte en un potentiel adiabatique dont la géométrie peut être largement contrôlée, y compris dynamiquement. Ces potentiels RF permettent de réaliser une « bulle » à atomes, un double puits, un anneau... Nous nous sommes intéressés principalement à produire un piège quasi bidimensionnel dans l'épaisseur de la bulle. Ces pièges sont compatibles avec les condensats de Bose-Einstein, et les atomes peuvent être refroidis par évaporation in situ. Nos premières expériences impliquant des champs radiofréquence ont eu un impact important dans la communauté des atomes froids, en particulier pour les expériences sur puce. A la suite de nos travaux, de nombreuses équipes ont utilisé cette technique avec succès.
Bahouli, Bassem. "Caracterisations de champs de matrices, potentiels matrices et applications aux operateurs traces." Thesis, Pau, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PAUU3053.
Повний текст джерелаMany authors have used stress fields to solve the equilibrium equation of continuum me- chanics. Airy (1863) solved the two-dimensional case, Maxwell (1870) and Morera (1892) solved the three-dimensional case. The above solutions are special cases of those of Beltrami (1892). Gurtin gave an example of solutions that do not have Beltrami’s S = CurlCurlA representation. He showed that if the domain Ω is regular, then this representation is complete in the class of regular stress fields which are self-equilibrated.My thesis title is ”Characterizations of matrix fields, potential matrices and applications to trace operators”. In this work, we are interested by showing many characterizations ofvector fields, of matrix fields and especially by generalizing the result of Gurtin in the case when the open set and the stress fields are not regular.This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter presents the research problem ad- dressed in this thesis. It also presents the origin of the subject of research.In the second chapter, we study the operator . In particular, the existence of potential vectors in different functional frameworks.In Chapters 3 and 4, we will show some versions of Beltrami’s completeness and we deduce some Helmholtz decomopsitions for symmetric matrix fields.The last chapter is devoted to the study of the image of different trace operators of functions W 2,p (Ω), W 3,p (Ω) when Ω is a bounded open of R 2 with Lipschitz boundary. The essential ingredient is given by the Airy’s function or by the Beltrami representation
Sfeir, Joe. "Navigation d'un robot mobile en environnement inconnu utilisant les champs de potentiels artificiels." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/81/1/SFEIR_Joe.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGomes, Jean-Marie. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de la genèse des potentiels de champs locaux par les neurones corticaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066409/document.
Повний текст джерелаLocal field potentials (LFPs) are low-frequency (< 200-500 Hz) events resulting from brain activity. Their meaning and the mechanisms shaping them have been highly debated for decades. The existence and importance of a frequency-dependant filtering of ionic currents by brain tissue is controversial. Some authors conclude that the medium is resistive, while others suggest that brain tissue may exert significative low-pass filtering on electrical currents. A new measurement method is presented here, relying on the concept of natural impedance, which is measured using a neuron as an ''electrode''. This allows to obtain the most relevant impedance from a physiological point of view, in terms of electrode-medium interface, current intensity and spatial scale. The measured impedance is stable, reproducible, stronger than what is traditionally measured, and has a 1/\√f frequency dependance. A physical model, taking into account ionic diffusion in the medium, is able to reproduce this impedance. A similar method allows to compute the transfer function between the intra- and extracellular potentials of a neuron. Models are proposed to explain its structure, predict LFPs from cell activity and vice-versa. These results may help interpreting LFP and electroencephalography signals, yielding a deeper understanding of the physiological and pathological brain function
Villard, Paul. "Réalisation d'un implant réseau de haute densité d'électrodes intra-corticales pour la détection stable de potentiels d'action et de potentiels de champs locaux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS015.
Повний текст джерелаTo understand the dynamics of the neural network, neuron specificity, neural pathologies, and find new treatments, devices will have to allow a stable neural recording and multi-site stimulation with a good temporal resolution. In this thesis, we designed a flexible SU-8 implant with a high electrode density to record different regions of the cortex simultaneously. Each 15µm diameter platinum electrode of the implant is located at the end of a 11, 20 or 50 µm wide wire, free of its movements over a length of 2mm. The different sizes of the wires will further allow to evaluate the influence of dimensions on the immune response. In this thesis, the very fragile and thin implant fabrication, manipulation and connection with the recording station using a thick polyimide/copper extension and an anisotropic conductive film, were successfully achieved. The mean impedance was 810 KOhm and the mean RMS noise of electrode implants in saline solution was about 10 µV. Various surgical insertion techniques in rat cortex or agar gel (agarose 0,6%) have been studied, in particular the electrodes encapsulation in biodegradable tips or the use of a thin wire as a shuttle. Both techniques present pros and cons and should be improved in the future. Neuronal activity, such as local field potentials as well as action potentials, could be recorded in three rats implanted with the shuttle technique, demonstrating the capacity of this new type of implant in recording. Finally, in this thesis, a new method was developed to compare the performance of electrode materials commonly used to stimulate neurale tissue. It determines the injection charge capacity of an electrode by observing a change in fluorescence of a pH-sensitive dye around the electrode for different stimulation current intensities. Usual measurement tools such as impedance spectroscopy, noise recording, or evaluation of the injection charge capacity and the charge storage capacity were used as well, to check the new method reliability. This study shows that most effective materials to stimulate are the 3D nanostructured diamond and the PEDOT and highlights that when the stimulation current pulse is shorter, the current density will rather be located in the edges of the electrode
Roux, Sébastien. "L'influence des aspects temporels dans la planification motrice : activité neuronale, interactions neuronales, potentiels de champs locaux." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22068.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNeuronal correlates of movement preparation and execution are generally studied by using tasks in which the different steps of the motor plan are triggered by stimuli. However in natural conditions, movements are rarely triggered. Time estimation processes play an important role in motor performance, but only a few studies take this fact in account. To study the influence of time estimation processes in motor cortical activity, we trained monkeys to estimate and discriminate durations in order to perform the required arm reaching movement. Movements were either self initiated or triggered by a signal. We also manipulated the probability of signal occurrence to induce signal expectancy. By using a multi-electrode device, we recorded multiple single-neuron activity and local field potentials (LFP) in primary motor cortex (MI). We found neuronal correlates of time estimation processes in motor cortical activity, such as single neuron activity, precise spike synchronizations and LFP patterns linked to signal expectancy. To better understand the relationship between spiking activity and LFPs, we also studied the correlation between the two. In general, we found that, for a given mouvement, neuronal activity is largely influenced by the temporal context of the task
Moujahed, Sana. "Approche multi-agents réactive pour l'optimisation de systèmes spatialement distribués et dynamiques : application aux problèmes de positionnement." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2019.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this PhD thesis promotes the idea that the resolution of complex problems can be tackled thanks to a population of simple interacting agents. The objective of this thesis is to propose a self-organized approach to solve the single and multi-level facility location problem. This kind of problem requires locating facilies considering a certain demand, in order to optimize some performance criteria. The proposed model relies on a set-organizing simple agents situated in a common environment which interact and attempt to reach a global optimization goal. The agents have neither cognitive abilites nor a representation of the global system. The interactions between agents and their environment, which are based on the artificial potential fields approach, allow to locally optimize the agent's locations. In particular, the agents' behaviors are based on a combination of attractive and repulsive forces. The facility agents are attracted to the demand to satisfy their local objectives and repulsed by each other to ensure a consistent repartition in the environment. The optimization of the whole system is the outcome of a process of agents' self-organization. Our work has several concerns : agentifying the location problem, defining the solving process, and evaluating the approach relying on qualitative and quantitative criteria. We conduct empirical studies on various case studies. These, allow to handle several variants of the location problem, especially the multi-level problem, and to check the relevance of our approach
Corpetti, Thomas. "Estimation et analyse de champs denses de vitesses d'écoulements fluides." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005351.
Повний текст джерелаCenier, Tristan. "Interactions entre rythmes rapides et rythmes lents dans la représentation de l'information olfactive dans le réseau bulbaire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543909.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Tatar Aziz. "Caractérisation et modélisation des potentiels induits par les commutations des gradients de champ magnétique sur les signaux électrophysiologiques en IRM." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869185.
Повний текст джерелаZaepffel, Manuel. "Etude des mécanismes fonctionnels de la préparation du mouvement : inférences à partir des potentiels électrophysiologiques de surface, intracorticaux et des rythmes cérébraux dans une tâche de saisie manuelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5100.
Повний текст джерелаFor grasping, the motor system has to control several movement parameters to produce a motor command adapted to the object properties. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of this motor command relies on several questions. What kinds of parameters are processed by the nervous systems? What are the cortical structures involved? When and how these parameters are processed? During the execution or during the preparation phase preceding movement initiation? All these questions are addressed in this thesis which general objective is to provide a better understanding of the mental processes linking perception to action and to clarify how the functional organization of these processes is reflected in the neurophysiological activity. Our research is based in particular on the comparison between humans and monkeys studied in a similar experimental setting and performing an identical reach-to-grasp task. The results of this work led us to focus our discussion on three main axes. First, they allowed to specify the functional principles underlying the preparation of grasping movements. Second, we identified several components that characterize the modulations of the beta rhythm (15-35 Hz) and pinpointed the main factors governing their presence or absence. In this sense, we propose a hypothesis for interpreting in a unified theoretical framework a large number of studies that often provide conflicting interpretations of this sensorimotor rhythm
Benis, Damien. "Rôle du noyau subthalamique dans les fonctions exécutives chez le patient Parkinsonien." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENS016/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an input structure of the basal ganglia implicated in many behavioral processes (motor, cognitive and limbic control). However the electrophysiological correlates of these processes remain unclear. This thesis aims to clarify the role of the STN during 3 executive functions: reactive inhibition (suppression of a prepotent move), proactive inhibition (preparation to inhibit a move) and sustained attention. To this end, extracellular and local field potential activities were recorded in 28 patients with Parkinson's disease while they performed cognitive tasks, aiming to dissociate the neural correlates of these executive functions In a first study, local field potentials β (13-35 Hz) activity was recorded in the STN during reactive and proactive inhibition. Reactive Inhibition was related to a relative increase of β activity, while proactive inhibition was related to maintenance of a tonic level of β activity predictive of reactive inhibitory performances. In a second study, we showed that reactive inhibition is related to a phasic increase of firing rate in a neuronal subpopulation (n=7 neurons). In a third study, we recorded Local field potentials in the STN while patients performed a sustained attention-demanding task (combining a visual search and a delayed match-to-sample paradigm) and found a systematic suppression of 15-35 Hz activity during each repetition of the task directly related to the amount of attention allocated by the participants. Altogether, these results present electrophysiological evidences of the implication of the STN in these functions and clarify the temporal dynamics of neuronal activities supporting these processes. These results may suggest an implementation of various executive functions in the STN via common and interactive mechanisms which temporal dynamics would mediate behavioral control
Besseron, Guillaume. "Contrôle de la stabilité des systèmes locomoteurs à haute mobilité évoluant sur des terrains accidentés." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066545.
Повний текст джерелаThe research presented in this report deals with the improvement of the autonomous mobile robots locomotion capacities on natural terrains. In this work, an adaptive locomotion system with a redundant wheel-legged hybrid kinematic structure was designed and realized. Indeed, this kind of mechanism has the capacities to adapt itself to uneven grounds. The autonomy of the robot is linked to both its kinematics capacities of adaptation and to its energetic dependence. When the vehicle reconfigurates itself, while moving on an uneven field, a big amount of energy is needed by its internal mobilities. That is why, a posture control aiming at minimizing the number of reconfigurations of the robot has been developed. The goal is to modify the posture of th erobot only when its integrity, i. E. Its stability is jeopardized. The use of a posture control command law based on the potential fields allow to obtain the wanted behaviour of the robot. The command of the movements of the robot relies on the inverse of the differential kinematic model. In this model, the different terms are split, ensuring so both the trajectory and the change of the posture of th erobot. The robot reconfigurates itself when its stability reached a pre-determined value. The principle of this control is validated through numeric simulations representing the dynamic behavoiur of the robot moving on a natural terrain
Barbier, Elisabeth. "Effets de champs magnétiques de très basse fréquence sur les cellules lactotropes de rat : étude in vitro des mécanismes, recherche d'une cible et approche des conséquences physiologiques." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28419.
Повний текст джерелаEpidemiological studies have raised concern about a possible association between environmental magnetic fields (high power lines. . . ) and neoplastic diseases. Experimental studies of biological effects of such fields grew from this public health question. It seems that acute exposure to weak (<1 Tesla), alternating (ELF : Extremely Low Frequency, <100 Hz) fields might have some influence on cells. Targets and mechanisms underlying these effects make up the theme of our in vitro studies, which were conducted on rat pituitary cells. Acute ELF (0. 8Hz) exposure of these cells triggers an increase in prolactin release, and thus reveals that lactotrophs do have a “magnetic sensitivity”. Voltage-gated calcium channels, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria might be the cellular targets of the field effect. Microfluorimetric measurements of free cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), in single cells, under the exposure to a 50 Hz, 50 μT ELF reveal that 78% of the lactotrophs are responsive. After a thirty minutes delay, they display a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i, due to a calcium influx via dihydropyridine blocked voltage-gated channles. This response involves calcium mobilization from endoplasmic reticulum pools and is not reversed one hour after the end of exposure. It is concomitant to impairement of mitochondrial activity and reveals a disruption in calcium homeostasis. Prior to the calcium response, a non reversible depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential was monitored by flow cytometry. Preliminary results of apoptosis quantification suggest that both calcium and mitochondrial responses might concur to an apoptotic type of programmed cell death
Ghorbal, Abdel-Mounai͏̈m. "Etude fonctionnelle du réseau auditif du tronc cérébral par analyse de la dynamique spatio-temporelle des champs de potentiel intra-cérébraux enregistrés in vivo chez le cobaye : contribution à l'étude des générateurs des potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2368.
Повний текст джерелаCenier, Tristan. "Interactions entre rythmes rapides et rythmes lents dans la représentation de l’information olfactive dans le réseau bulbaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10093/document.
Повний текст джерелаA striking feature of the olfactory sensory system is its ability to deal with a complex multi-dimensional chemical stimuli. Receptor cells in the nasal cavity are sensitive to specific features of molecules and transmit this information to the olfactory bulb, first relay for olfaction in the central nervous system. Due to the organization of projection pathways to the bulb, afferent information activates the structure in a topographical fashion ; although this may constitute a coding strategy for olfactory information it has proven insufficient, and other strategies must be investigated. Dynamic phenomenons are a preponderant feature of the olfactory bulb. The respiratory rhythm imposes a sinusoidal level of activation to the system, oscillations in local field potentials and subthreshold oscillations in neurons membrane potentials may interact and lead to the transient synchronization of sub-populations of neurons. This particular mechanism, designated as neural assemblies, is in theory a good candidate for the representation of olfactory information. The work presented here is based on conjoint recordings, in anesthetized animals, of unitary activities, oscillations in the LFP and respiration, in response to olfactory stimulation. We show the relationships existing between the various dynamic phenomenons, and hypothesize on their functional roles. We propose that a same mechanism may form different neural assemblies each assuming a specific functional role. The respiratory rhythm acts as a gating system, organizing the formation of successive yet different neural assemblies
Fraix, Valérie. "Motricité, cognition, émotion dans la maladie de Parkinson : rôle des oscillations du noyau subthalamique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358139.
Повний текст джерелаRaphel, Fabien. "Mathematical modelling and learning of biomedical signals for safety pharmacology." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS116.
Повний текст джерелаAs a branch of pharmacology, cardiac safety pharmacology aims at investigating compound side effects on the cardiac system at therapeutic doses. These investigations, made through in silico, in vitro and in vivo experiments, allow to select/reject a compound at each step of the drug development process. A large subdomain of cardiac safety pharmacology is devoted to the study of the electrical activity of cardiac cells based on in silico and in vitro assays. This electrical activity is the consequence of polarised structure exchanges (mainly ions) between the extracellular and intracellular medium. A modification of the ionic exchanges induces changes in the electrical activity of the cardiac cell which can be pathological (e.g. by generating arrhythmia). Strong knowledges of these electrical signals are therefore essential to prevent risk of lethal events. Patch-clamp techniques are the most common methods to record the electrical activity of a cardiac cell. Although these electrical signals are well known, they are slow and tedious to perform, and therefore, expansive. A recent alternative is to consider microelectrode array (MEA) devices. Originally developped for neurons studies, its extension to cardiac cells allows a high throughput screening which was not possible with patch-clamp techniques. It consists of a plate with wells in which cardiac cells (forming a tissue) cover some electrodes. Therefore, the extension of these devices to cardiac cells allow to record the electrical activity of the cells at a tissue level (before and after compound addition into the wells). As a new signal, many studies have to be done to understand how ionic exchanges induce this recorded electrical activity, and, finally, to proceed the selection/rejection of a compound. Despite these signals are still not well known, recent studies have shown promising results in the consideration of MEA into cardiac safety pharmacology. The automation of the compound selection/rejection is still challenging and far from industrial applications, which is the final goal of this manuscript. Mathematically, the selection/rejection process can be seen as a binary classification problem. As in any supervised classification (and machine learning tasks, more generally), an input has to be defined. In our case, time series of the cardiac electrical activities are possibly long (minutes or hours) with a high sampling rate (∼ kHz) leading to an input living in a high-dimensional space (hundreds, thousands or even more). Moreover the number of available data is still low (at most hundreds). This critical regime named high dimension/low sample size make the context challenging. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a systematic strategy to select/reject compounds in an automated way, under the following constraints:• Deal with high dimension/low sample size regime. • No assumptions on the data distributions. • Exploit in silico models to improve the classification performances. • No or few parameters to tune. The first part of the manuscript is devoted to the context, followed by the description of the patch-clamp and MEA technologies. This part ends by the description of action potential and field potential models to perform in silico experiments. In a second part, two methodological aspects are developped, trying to comply, at best, with the constraints of the industrial application. The first one describes a double greedy goal-oriented strategy to reduce the input space based on a score function related to the classification success rate. Comparisons with classical dimension reduction methods such as PCA and PLS (with default parameters) are performed, showing that the proposed method led to better results. The second method consists in the construction of an augmented training set based on a reservoir of simulations, by considering the Hausdorff distance between sets and the maximisation of same score function as in the first method. The proposed strategy [...]
Dinvaut, Sarah. "Champs électriques : un potentiel système de codage des informations spatiales dans l'embryon." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1089.
Повний текст джерелаLong distance navigation of axons is marked by choice points, instructing highly stereotyped directional changes of axon trajectories. In this stepwise model, each step is thought to be essential for the next one, but intriguingly, examples suggest that pathway experience can be dispensable for axons to reach their final destination. We investigated pathway-independent ability of axons to locate their target, using two populations of spinal cord neurons having drastically different target location in the organism: the dorsal interneurons, which target the central nervous system and ventral motoneurons, which target muscles. After grafting these neurons at ectopic positions in the chicken embryo, both neuron-types were observed to form axons which, remarkably, oriented towards and reached appropriate targets. This suggests that, in the embryo, an overall guidance information might exist that enables the axons to locate positions over large scales. Beside well-studied chemical cues, bioelectric signals are attractive candidates for this function. Electric Fields (EF) were detected in the embryo and reported to encode spatial information. Thus, using in vitro set-ups, we investigated whether EFs in the range of the ones measured in the embryo could influence the navigation of chick motor and dorsal interneuron axons. We found that both axon subsets orient parallel to EFs. Yet, they significantly exhibited different sensitivities, which could contribute to elicit different trajectory choices in vivo. Next, we found that Concanavalin A (ConA) could block axon response to EF, supporting a role of cell surface receptors known to bind to ConA. Thus, we performed a pharmacological screening on ion channels and pumps that bind ConA and identified Na+/K+ ATPases as promising candidates. Preliminary knock-down experiments targeting Na+/K+ ATPases subunits suggest their contribution to CE response and axon navigation in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings should provide novel insights into the mechanisms ensuring axon guidance fidelity and resilience and reveal unknown contributions of bioelectric signals and Na+/K+ ATPases during neuronal development
Huneau, Clément. "Détection et modélisation biomathématique d'évènements transitoires dans les signaux EEG intracérébraux : application au suivi de l'épileptogenèse dans un modèle murin." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869599.
Повний текст джерелаBriffaud, Virginie. "Rythme lent du bulbe olfactif : étude des oscillations du potentiel de membrane des cellules mitrales/à panache et de leurs relations avec l'activité de décharge et l'activité du réseau." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820089.
Повний текст джерелаMoisescu, Georgeta Mihaela. "Effets des champs électromagnétiques sur la membrane cellulaire et applications biomédicales potentielles." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA114814.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis reports the effects of electromagnetic GSM mobile phones pulses (900MHz, 217Hs, 576µs) with SAR (specific absorption rate) up to 4. 6 W/kg on cellular endocytosis and mitosis. The results here presented report that the fluid phase endocytosis of different cells in culture is stimulated 1. 4 fold under GSM exposure to average SARs above treshold values from 1. 3 to 2. 6W/kg without any bulk temperature increase. The effect was revealed using two exposure setups: a wire patch cell and a TEM cell, at 30°C. The clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the endocytotic pathway perturbed by the GSM exposure. A similar stimulation was observed under exposure to electrical pulses comparable to GSM electrical component suggesting that this electrical component is at the origin of endocytosis perturbation. The GSM exposure of 2. 2W/kg local SAR applied for 1h did not affect the mitosis progression, the total mitosis duration or each mitotic phase duration in our experimental conditions
Tertois, Anne-Laure. "Création et modification de modèles géologiques par champs de potentiel. Application au modèle GeoChron." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL032N/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the first steps when a geological study area is modelled in three-dimensional geomodelling software is to build the fault network. This can be tedious and time-consuming when fault geometry and branching are complex and difficult to locate from sub-surface data. The process of creating a three-dimensional structural model from various data types was entirely automated by using an implicit representation of fault surfaces by level sets computed on a tetrahedral mesh. Fault branching is detected automatically and surfaces with coherent contact geometry are built. Using level sets for fault surfaces also enables easy editing of the fault network while maintaining the geological consistency of the model. A further tetrahedral mesh editing technique was developed during this PhD in order to modify mesh geometry close to faults. New information or interpretations or perturbations which represent geometrical uncertainty on faults can thus be integrated to the geological model
Valat, Bruno. "Potentiel de l'Antarctique pour l'interférométrie optique : double champ & reconstruction d'images." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4009.
Повний текст джерелаAstronomical Instruments are becoming more and more accurate, and consequently, are also becoming more sensitive to external effects such as optical atmospheric turbulence. In the interest of optimizing the choice of sites for the installation of ever more powerful instruments created in the future, many teams have specialized in developing site-testing techniques and have listed potential astronomical observation sites all over the world. My thesis has involved the study of the impact of these measurements on instrument performance, in the field of optical interferometry. The parameters of Dome C are discussed and contrasted with those of Cerro Paranal. In order to do this, a numerical experiment which simulates optical turbulence was developed. Preliminary theoretical studies have shown Dome C to be a site which is well suited for the study of double field interferometry. The principal parameter which characterises this type of observation is the isopistonic angle. The estimation of its’ value is made analytically and requires approximations. I propose that the study of this parameter be made by a numerical experiment /(or simulation)/. The results obtained using this method reinforce the use of an analytical approach. One of the major breakthroughs foreseen in the field of double field interferometry lies in image reconstruction. I addressed this by creating image reconstructions using the data obtained from this numerical approach. Finally, I introduce and discuss an algorithm whose interest lies in the access of absolute visibilities measured using AMBER. This algorithm estimates fringe motion during exposure, and corrects its effects on visibility
Amami, Ezzedinne. "Amélioration de la déshydratation osmotique des produits végétaux par champ électrique pulsé." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1624.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis deals with the development of the osmotic dehydration (OD) process of vegetable products coupled to a pulsed electric field (PEF). It aims at increasing the water loss by minimizing the solid gain. The effect of PEF parameters (intensity and number of pulses), osmotic solution concentration, type of solute or mixtures, osmotic solution temperature and centrifugal field on the kinetics of OD, rehydration and convective drying, has been studied. The main experimental work was carried out with samples of apple and carrot, in form of disk, treated by PEF of different intensities (0. 10-1. 1 0 kV/cm) and different numbers of pulses (100-1000) of 100 μs. OD was carried out at various temperatures (20-40°C), under agitation (250 rpm) or various centrifugal accelerations (0-5430 x g). After the development of an experimental methodology, we observed that the application of PEF enhances both water loss (WL) and solid gain (SG) during OD (under stirring or centrifugation). The combination of PEF with salt enhances additionally the both WL, SG and the rehydration capacity of carrot tissue, but somewhat decreases the firmness of rehydrated product. The application of centrifugal force in combination with PEF and salt addition enhances significantly the WL during OD of carrots, but decreases SG, rehydration capacity and firmness of rehydrated tissue. If the goal of OD is also the gain of solids, the static OD may be better appropriated than the centrifugal OD, which is especially interesting in the case of desirable limitation of solid uptake. By an increase in mild temperatures of the osmotic solution (20 to 40°C), the centrifugal OD duration was reduced in two times (from 120 to 60 minutes). Thus a WL of 70% reached under an electrical energy consumption of 19 kJ/kg for carrots. The combination of the PEF with centrifugal force, salt and moderate heating is desirable when the maximal dehydration of product should be attained. The OD kinetics was described by a two-exponential model involving Iwo simultaneous processes : rapid convection, which cannot be taken into account by Fick's law, and diffusion. Centrifugal osmotic dehydration before the air drying of carrot tissue resulted in a spectacular reduction of drying time and an increase of effective water diffusivity
Wu, Xiaojing. "Contribution to the Development of Advanced Approaches for Electron and Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Extended Biomolecules." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS252/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis involves two projects devoted to the development of advanced approaches for simulating molecular and electron dynamics in extended biomolecules. The first project aims at significantly improving the accuracy of redox potentials of proteins by numerical simulations. A sophisticated force field relying on a multipolar description of electrostartic interactions (AMOEBA) is used to perform molecular dynamics simulations onheme proteins. We derived parameters for AMOEBA to accurately describe electrostatic interactions with hemein both ferrous and ferric states. Very encouraging improvements are obtained compared to the standard force fields. The second project aims at developing original approaches for simulating ultrafast electron dynamics in biomolecules in contact to polarizable environments. We devised acombination of Real-time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (RT-TDDFT) and polarizable Molecular Mechanics (MMpol). An efficient and robust implementation of this method has been realized in deMon2k software. Density fitting techniques allow to reduce the computational cost of RT-TDDFT/MMpol propagations. The methodology is applied to understand the mechanisms of energy dissipation of a peptide excited by a laser pulse
Tallot, Lucille. "Temporal Processing In The Amygdalo-Prefronto-Dorsostriatal Network In Rats." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS215.
Повний текст джерелаTime is an essential dimension of life. It is necessary for coordinating movement, for communication, but also for decision-making. The principal goal of this work was to characterize the role of an amygdalo-prefronto-dorsostriatal network in the memorization and encoding of time in a rat model. Firstly, we described temporal behavior in a conditioned suppression task (i.e. the suppression of an instrumental lever-pressing response for food by the presentation of a cue associated with an aversive event), therefore showing a precise temporal control in Pavlovian aversive conditioning. Secondly, we measured local field potentials in our network of interest at the beginning of associative learning and after overtraining in the conditioned suppression task. In effect, motor temporal behavior requires a large number of training sessions to become optimum, but temporal learning happens very early in training. This study allowed us to characterize, using frequency analysis of oscillatory activities, neuronal correlates of time in this network both at the level of individual structures, but also in their interactions. Interestingly, these neural correlates were modified by the level of training. Finally, we demonstrated that juvenile rats (pre-weaning), with an immature prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum, can memorize and discriminate temporal intervals, raising questions on the role of this amygdalo-prefronto-dorsostriatal network in temporal learning during development
Bazelot, Michaël. "Origine des potentiels de champ unitaires et macroscopiques dans la région CA3 de l'hippocampe." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066697.
Повний текст джерелаHervé, Stephen. "Dynamique quantique d'une molécule diatomique soumise à un champ d'énergie potentielle extérieur." Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0138.
Повний текст джерелаSafeea, Mohammad. "Des robots manipulateurs collaboratifs sûrs." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE036.
Повний текст джерелаCollaborative industrial manipulators are ushering a new era in flexible manufacturing, where robots and humans are allowed to coexist and work side by side. However, various challenges still persist in achieving full human robot collaboration on the factory floor. In this thesis two main challenges - safety and collaboration - for achieving that goal are addressed. On safety, the thesis presents a real-time collision avoidance method which allows the robot to adjust the offline generated paths of the industrial task in real-time for avoiding collisions with humans nearby. In addition, the thesis presented a new method for performing the reactive collision avoidance motion using second order Newton method which offers various advantages over the traditional methods in the literature. On collaboration, the thesis presents the precision hand-guiding as an alternative to the teach-pendant for performing precise positioning operations of the robot’s end-effector in a simple and intuitive manner. The thesis also presents new contributions into the mathematical formulation of robot dynamics, including a recursive algorithm for calculating the mass matrix of serially linked robots with a minimal second order cost, and a recursive algorithm for calculating Christoffel symbols efficiently. All the presented algorithms are validated either in simulation or in a real-world scenario
Faivre, Hugo Branchina Vincenzo. "Potentiel effectif non-perturbatif Limites sur la masse du boson de Higgs et applications dynamiques /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/676/01/FAIVRE2006.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMULLER-GERKING, JOHANNES. "La dynamique cerebrale comme phenomene non-lineaire : une etude quantitative de potentiels de champ local." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066302.
Повний текст джерелаOubaid, Rania. "Contribution à la modélisation du champ électromagnétique dans les dispositifs basses fréquences par la méthode des moments." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/13834/1/oubaid.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBoukerbout, Hassina. "Analyse en ondelettes et prolongement des champs de potentiel. Développement d'une théorie 3-D et application en géophysique." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10095.
Повний текст джерелаBoukerbout, Hassina. "Analyse en ondelettes et prolongement des champs de potentiel : développement d'une théorie 3-D et application en géophysique /." Rennes : Géosciences-Rennes, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39995468z.
Повний текст джерелаAug, Christophe. "Modélisation géologique 3D et caractérisation des incertitudes par la méthode du champ de potentiel." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001077.
Повний текст джерелаBurke, Ryan. "Investigating the role of voltage-gated ion channels in pulsed electric field effects in excitable and non-excitable cell lines." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0118/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of pulsed electric fields (PEF) in medical and biotechnology sectors has become increasingly prevalent over the last few decades. Research has shown that by adjusting the duration of the PEF we can predict what effects will be observed. Whereas PEF in the micro-to-millisecond range have been used to permeabilize the cell membrane and enhance drug or protein uptake, nanosecond PEF (nsPEF) have demonstrated unique effects on intracellular organelles. Both PEF and nsPEF have demonstrated therapeutic potential for a variety of human pathologies, including the treatment of cancer. Using live-cell imaging, this thesis investigated, in vitro, the effects of pulsed fields ranging in duration from 10 ns to 10 ms on cancerous (U87 glioblastoma multiforme) and non-cancerous cell lines (mouse hippocampal neurons (HT22) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells). Previously published results have demonstrated that cancerous cells have a greater sensitivity to applied electric fields than healthy cells do. Our results are in agreement with these findings, insofar as the U87 cells underwent a significantly greater depolarization of their transmembrane potential following a single electric pulse at all durations. In a parallel set of experiments, despite having similar electric field thresholds for membrane permeabilization, the U87 cells demonstrated significantly enhanced YO-PRO uptake compared to the other cells lines. Although U87 cells underwent the greatest change in both membrane depolarization and membrane permeabilization, they also showed the fastest membrane resealing constant, which was approximately 30 seconds faster than other cell lines. To elucidate some of the underlying mechanisms by which U87 cells respond to electric fields, a series of experiments looked at the role of transmembrane ion channels. Several recent studies have reported that PEFs can act directly on voltage-gated ion channels. Using a variety of specific and broad acting pharmacological ion channel modulators, we demonstrated that we could almost entirely inhibit the electric field-induced membrane depolarization in U87 cells by blocking certain cationic channels. These results were quite specific, such that the big conductance potassium (BK) channel, L- and T-type calcium channels, and the non-specific cationic channel, TRPM8, were able to inhibit depolarization while blocking other ion channels produced no significant change. The work in this thesis showed that the malignant U87 cell line showed a greater sensitivity to electric fields from ranging from 10 ns – 10 ms when compared to the non-cancerous cell lines that were investigated. Potential improvements to current treatment protocols have been proposed based on the findings presented herein
Schwarz, Alexandra. "Antibody responses to saliva of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviiae) potential novel epidemiological tools for Chagas disease survelllance." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=53384.
Повний текст джерелаTurpin, Florence. "Étude théorique de collisions inélastiques atome – diatome sous l’action d’un champ magnétique : applications en Astrochimie et au domaine du refroidissement et du piégeage moléculaires." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14205/document.
Повний текст джерелаTremendous progress in experimental production and trapping of ultracold neutral and ionic molecules has been achieved over the past few years which even allowed the production of molecular Bose–Einstein condensates. These ultracold molecules samples have potential applications in many different fields, such as precision spectroscopic measurements or quantum information storage and processing. The optimization of the cooling processes and the trapping techniques also stimulated a great number of theoretical studies. Many of them are dedicated to inelastic scattering of molecules in collisions with 3He atoms (buffer gas cooling method). The potential energy surface of the ground state of the He–MnH(X7Σ+) van der Waals complex is presented, followed by the calculations of the bound states of this system and the Zeeman relaxation in function of the magnetic field. In the field of astrochemistry, a quantum mechanical investigation of rotational energy transfer in cold collisions of CH+ with 4He atoms is presented
Abtout, Abdeslam. "La determination des anomalies des champs de potentiel (magnetisme, gravimetrie) et la structure de la lithosphere continentale en asie." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077300.
Повний текст джерелаCourtiol, Emmanuelle. "L’inextricable relation olfaction-respiration chez le rat : études de l’impact des variations de flairages sur l’activité du bulbe olfactif et sur la discrimination des odeurs." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10309/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn terrestrial mammals, an inextricable link between olfaction and respiration exists due to the periodic sampling of odorant molecules by inhalation. The features of sniffing (or breathing) constrain both the timing and the intensity of the input to the olfactory structures. But rather than being fixed, sniffing in the bahavingrodent is highly dynamic and varies both in frequency and flow rate. During the firs stage of my PhD, I asked to what extent sniffing parameters (frequency and flow rate) variations could affect the olfactory bulb activity. To address this question, I developped a double tracheotomy protocol in anesthetized rats to precisely control and modify the nasal airflow. In parallel, I recorded oldfactory bulbactivities, single-unit activity and local field potentials. We showed that, at the olfactory bulb level, the neutral representation of an odor is highly modified by sampling variations. In fact both the mitral/tufted cell discharge patterns and local field potentials oscilliations were affected by sniffing variations. In the second stage, we wanted to understand the role of sniffing variations in behaving animals. We hypothesized tha t an animal could adapt its sniffing strategy relative to the quality of the odorant molecules. To test this hypothesis, we developped a tool to record sniffing in a non invasive way, and combined it to an olfactory discrimination task in the rat. We showed that animals not only adapted their sniffing relative to the odorant quality but also to the odorant context. Taken together, these results fit into the broader context of sensory-motor integration
Zbib, Nadine. "Allocation et routage dynamique dans un FMS basés sur le concept de champ de potentiel." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553003.
Повний текст джерелаHemmerle, Arnaud. "Diffusion de rayons X sur une membrane unique : potentiel d'interaction et effets du champ électrique." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876946.
Повний текст джерелаHemmerle, Arnaud. "Diffusion de rayons X sur une membrane unique : potentiel d'interaction et effets du champ électrique." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993900.
Повний текст джерелаSukhomlinov, Sergey. "Development of effective interatomic potentials for computer simulation of oxides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10092/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe effective interatomic potential model (force field) for the atomistic modeling of oxide materials was developed with the extensive use of ab initio density functional calculations. The force field represents the total potential energy of system as a sum of the long-range electrostatic, dispersion, and short-range energy contributions. The long-range energy electrostatic energy was described with the use of split-charge equilibration (SQE) model based on the chemical potential equalization (CPE) approach. The electrostatic potential was used as the reference quantity for the calibration of parameters of the SQE model. The computation of dispersion coefficients, which determine the magnitude of the dispersion interactions, was carried out with the use of maximally localized Wannier functions (MLWF). The position of MLWF centers close to the nuclei in oxides permits the computation of the dispersion coefficients in an atom-wise manner. The values of the dispersion coefficients were found to be affected by the coordination number and the radius of the first coordination sphere of atom. The short-range (SR) interaction potentials were designed with the use of force-matching method, which has allowed a judicious choice of the functional form of the SR potentials. The parametrization of the force field components was performed on the basis of extensive quantum-chemical calculations of isolated and periodic silicate systems. The complete force field was tested in the molecular dynamics simulations of crystalline silica polymorphs. Results of the calculations allowed to choose the best model. The selected force field well reproduces structural characteristics of the α-quartz and α-cristobalite polymorphs. The calculation of the vibrational spectra of the systems has shown that the model underestimates the Si-O force constants that leads to a downward shift of the vibrational spectra in comparison with the experimental data. A number of ways aimed at improving the force field's performance are suggested
Assowe, Dabar Omar. "Etude des processus de corrosion du nickel par dynamique moléculaire avec un potentiel réactif ReaxFF." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867048.
Повний текст джерелаLongchamps, Louis. "Structure spatiale des populations de mauvaises herbes dans les champs de maïs et mesure du potentiel pour le désherbage localisé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28752/28752.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAbtout, Abdeslam. "Contribution à l'étude de la lithosphère continentale, par l'étude des anomalies des champs de potentiel en Asie magnétisme et gravimétrie /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602101g.
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