Статті в журналах: "Portuguese community"

1

Ramon, Micaela. "Faraco, C. A. (2016). História sociopolítica da língua portuguesa. São Paulo: Parábola Editora." Comunicação e Sociedade 34 (December 17, 2018): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.34(2018).2962.

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História sociopolítica da língua portuguesa [Sociopolitical history of the Portuguese language] was published in 2016 by Carlos Alberto Faraco and constitutes a very important work by the renowned Brazilian linguist. At the time Faraco was the coordinator of the National Committee of Brazil with the Instituto Internacional da Língua Portuguesa (IILP) [International Institute of the Portuguese Language], an institution pertaining to the Comunidade de Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP) [Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries] whose goals, according to its statutes, consist in: “the promotion, safekeeping, enrichment and dissemination of the Portuguese language as a means of promoting culture, education, information and access to scientific, technologic knowledge, and officially used in international forums”...

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Sarkissian, Margaret. "Playing Portuguese: Constructing Identity in Malaysia’s Portuguese Community." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 11, no. 2 (September 2002): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.11.2.215.

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Sarkissian, Margaret. "Playing Portuguese: Constructing Identity in Malaysia's Portuguese Community." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 11, no. 2 (2002): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dsp.2011.0053.

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4

Marinho, Rui Tato, and José Manuel Silva. "Thank You, Reviewers of Acta Médica Portuguesa." Acta Médica Portuguesa 28, no. 1 (February 27, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.6256.

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Acta Médica Portuguesa is the only indexed Portuguese medical journal with a general scope, an audience of approximately 45,000 Portuguese doctors, other health professionals, reaching out to the general population. As such, the contribution of experts in several areas is crucial, supporting and identifying the most relevant issues, commenting on the relevance of the proposed studies and emphasizing innovative lines of the presented methodologies, amongst others. To all and every one of you – that continuously maintain full recognition of ‘Peer-Review’ as a duty of the scientific community – a sincere acknowledgement of the Portuguese General Medical Council and Acta Médica Portuguesa.

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Morais Pires, Maria José. "COMMUNITY OF PORTUGUESE SPEAKING COUNTRIES (CPLP)." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 1, no. 1 (2004): 744–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x00666.

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Liemburg, Anita. "Amsterdam: The Portuguese Synagogue and Jewish Community." Archaeological Journal 165, sup1 (January 2008): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2008.11771019.

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Scetti, Fabio. "A Bridge to Portugal: Language and Identity in Bridgeport, CT." Journal of Lusophone Studies 5, no. 2 (December 19, 2020): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21471/jls.v5i2.357.

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Here I present the results of BridgePORT, an ethnographic study I carried out in 2018 within the Portuguese community of Bridgeport, CT (USA). I describe language use and representation among Portuguese speakers within the community, and I investigate the integration of these speakers into the dominant American English speech community. Through my fieldwork, I observe mixing practices in day-to-day interaction, while I also consider the evolution of the Portuguese language in light of language contact and speakers’ discourse as this relates to ideologies about the status of Portuguese within the community. My findings rely on questionnaires, participant observation of verbal interaction, and semi-structured interviews. My aim is to show how verbal practice shapes the process of identity construction and how ideas of linguistic “purity” mediate the maintenance of a link to Portugal and Portuguese identity.

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Brunelle, Gayle. "MIGRATION AND RELIGIOUS IDENTITY: THE PORTUGUESE OF SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ROUEN." Journal of Early Modern History 7, no. 3 (2003): 283–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006503772486900.

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AbstractIn 1633 the authorities of the city of Rouen in France arrested some of the most prominent members of the Rouennais Portuguese merchant community, whom they accused of the crime of "judaizing." This article examines that incident, and its ramifications for the Portuguese in Rouen. Most of the Portuguese merchants and their families who settled in Rouen in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were conversos or converted Jews, and many still secretly practiced Judaism. The arrests exposed and exacerbated a division within the Portuguese community over strategies of coexistence within Rouennais society, between those who wished to maintain their Jewish religion and those who considered themselves Christian and sought to assimilate into French society. Although royal intervention led to the release of the arrested Portuguese, the incident contributed to the dispersion of the Portuguese community in Rouen.

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Kihm, Alain. "Língua de Preto, the language of the African slave community in Portugal (16th–19th centuries)." Language Ecology 2, no. 1-2 (November 9, 2018): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.18001.kih.

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Abstract Língua de Preto ‘language of the Blacks’ (LdP) is the conventional name for the basic variety of Portuguese spoken by the West African slaves deported to Portugal from the end of the 15th century onwards, who formed an important and visible minority within the Portuguese population until the end of the 19th century. The restructured Portuguese they used with the white Portuguese and among themselves is partially known to us through theatre and folk literature. Although its heyday was the 16th century, it apparently continued in use until the 18th century. The present article tries to account for its emergence and continuance and to assess its possible contribution to the formation of West African Portuguese Creoles. What LdP implies for the Portuguese attitude toward language issues is also examined.

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10

Waltermire, Mark. "Variants of intervocalic /d/ as markers of sociolinguistic identity among Spanish-Portuguese bilinguals." Spanish in Context 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2010): 279–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.7.2.06wal.

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The border shared by Brazil and Uruguay represents a situation of sustained, intimate cultural and linguistic contact between Spanish and Portuguese speakers. Previous research on the bilingualism of this region has focused primarily on Dialectos Portugueses del Uruguay ‘Portuguese Dialects of Uruguay’ (DPU) (Carvalho 1998, 2003a, 2003b; Elizaincín 1976, 1992a, 1992b; Elizaincín, Behares & Barrios 1987; Hensey 1971, 1972; Rona 1965). Surprisingly, however, the Spanish of Uruguay spoken along this border has never been extensively studied. The current research focuses on the role of sociolinguistic identity in the conditioning of language-specific variants of intervocalic /d/ in the Spanish of 63 bilinguals living in Rivera, Uruguay. Unlike in monolingual varieties of Spanish, in which intervocalic /d/ is realized as either a fricative or a phonetic zero, this phoneme is also variably realized as an occlusive in the bilingual Spanish of Rivera in accordance with Portuguese phonological norms. Perceptions of sociolinguistic identity within this speech community are based on four independent factor groups. These are: (1) frequency of language use, (2) language preference, (3) attitudes toward local Portuguese and (4) attitudes toward language mixing. Results from multivariate analysis reveal that Portuguese-dominant speakers tend to incorporate occlusive variants of intervocalic /d/ into their Spanish to a much greater extent than Spanish-dominant speakers. Conversely, the deletion of this consonant, which has garnered covert prestige within the community due to its association with non-border varieties of Spanish, is statistically favored among speakers who prefer this language. These results provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that the ease of access of phonological exemplars from stored memory is greater for those encoding frequent, recent experiences (Pierrehumbert 2001). With regards to sociolinguistic attitudes, statistical analysis shows that speakers who have positive attitudes toward local Portuguese favor the use of occlusive variants, which serve as markers of Brazilian identity. Somewhat counter intuitively, speakers who have positive attitudes toward language mixing favor deletion. When these attitudes are cross-tabulated with speakers’ occupation, however, it becomes clear that only students have overwhelmingly positive attitudes toward language mixing. Not surprisingly, they are also the least conservative group in the community and lead the way for phonological change (Waltermire 2008).

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11

Boavida, José, and Luís Borges. "Community involvement in early intervention: A Portuguese perspective." Infants & Young Children 7, no. 1 (July 1994): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001163-199407000-00007.

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12

Torre, Carla, Raquel Lucas, and Henrique Barros. "Syringe exchange in community pharmacies—The Portuguese experience." International Journal of Drug Policy 21, no. 6 (November 2010): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.09.001.

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13

Gebhardt, Jonathan. "Negotiating Barriers: Cross-Cultural Communication and the Portuguese Mercantile Community in Macau, 1550–1640." Itinerario 38, no. 2 (August 2014): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115314000345.

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As the Portuguese settlement of Macau came to occupy an important position in the emerging global commercial web, it became a crossroads where peoples from disparate parts of the world—in particular, Portuguese and Chinese—came together to engage in a profitable trade. Historians have often treated Macau as a prototypical example of cross-cultural interaction and hybridity: a point where East and West converged and blended; an “Intercultural City,” in the words of one scholar. Yet, the notion of Macau as a place of intermingling and blending obscures some of the ways in which Macau's inhabitants did not quite “come together.” Here, I focus on the asymmetry in linguistic communication that developed in Macau: members of Macau's Portuguese mercantile elite did not become fluent in any of the Chinese dialects, and did not learn how to read or write the Chinese script, while a number of the Chinese who came to live in Macau—whether as merchants, tradesmen, labourers, servants, or slaves—became proficient in Portuguese. Drawing from a range of sources in Portuguese and Chinese, I argue that this asymmetry developed for several reasons, including the difficulty of the Chinese language, the Chinese government's approach to foreign relations and maritime, and the political and economic power of the Portuguese within their Lusophone enclave. I also consider how the Portuguese reliance on others for assistance with cross-cultural communication—most notably, Jesuit missionaries and Chinese jurubaças (interpreters)—shaped the evolution of the multicultural community.

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14

Fonseca, Anabela, Tacio Lima, Margarida Castelo-Branco, and Isabel Vitória Figueiredo. "Feasibility of cardiovascular risk screening in Portuguese community pharmacies." Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2021.2.2255.

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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of human mortality. As highly accessible and qualified health professionals, community pharmacists can be included in the early detection of patients at risk for CVD by implementing CVD screening programs. Objective: To assess the feasibility of CVD risk screening services in Portuguese community pharmacies from the evaluation of customers acceptability. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a community pharmacy in Portugal. The purpose of entering the pharmacy was recorded for all customers. Afterwards, the customers were invited to be interviewed by the pharmacist, who registered their willingness to participate and collected the participants’ data and biochemical and physical parameters to assess their CV risk by applying the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) model. For the participants who were not eligible for the SCORE-based risk assessment, the pharmacist considered the major modifiable CVD risk factors - hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking habits, obesity, impaired fasting glucose and sedentary behavior - according to the ESC guidelines. Results: Picking up medication was the most prevalent reason 69.8% (n=1,600) for entering the pharmacy, and among the contacted customers, 56.4% (n=621) agreed to have their CVD risk assessed. Of the 588 participants, 56.6% (n=333) were already on CV pharmacotherapy and were therefore not eligible for screening. Of the 43.4% (n=255) CV pharmacotherapy-naïve participants, 94.9% (n=242) were screened with at least one CVD risk factor; 52.9% (n=135) were not eligible for the SCORE assessment, of which 92.6% (n=125) presented CVD risk factors. Of the 120 SCORE eligible participants, 80.0% (n=96) were at least at moderate risk of CVD. Conclusions: We determined the feasibility of CVD risk screening in Portuguese community pharmacies, as we found high customer acceptability, noted the reasons for nonattendance, and found a high prevalence of CVD risk factors in at-risk patients. This is an opportunity for Portuguese community pharmacists to take a leading role in the early detection of CVD.

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Oliveira, M., M. Arenas, O. Lage, M. Cunha, and M. I. Amorim. "Epiphytic fungal community inVitis viniferaof the Portuguese wine regions." Letters in Applied Microbiology 66, no. 1 (December 11, 2017): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lam.12826.

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16

Ferreira, Teresa Cunha. "Bridging planned conservation and community empowerment: Portuguese case studies." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (May 21, 2018): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-05-2017-0029.

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Purpose In the present-day context of a sharp decrease in economic and ecological resources, planned conservation and community empowerment are key strategies for sustainable heritage management, because of their cost effectiveness, increased preservation of authenticity and socially development. However, there are still very few practical implementations, so the purpose of this paper is to present applied research to real case studies, as well as to demonstrate that preventive-planned conservation is increasingly successful when linked with the empowerment of local communities and users. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a methodology that focuses on two complementary aspects: planned conservation (material component) – undertaken directly on buildings, through inspection, monitoring, maintenance and repair activities; community empowerment (intangible component) – afforded indirectly to users, through participatory strategies and training in prevention, maintenance and use. Findings Based on an estimation of costs, this paper suggests that preventive-planned conservation strategies (pre-damage) can be one-third cheaper than the reactive and interventionist approach (post-damage). Moreover, this study also develops innovative ICT tools for the planned conservation of the built heritage, namely a specifically designed computer software/App (“MPlan”) that can be used to compile maintenance plans. Originality/value The case studies are among the first applications of preventive-planned conservation strategies to the built heritage in Portugal. Different types of case studies are provided to better illustrate the methodological approach adopted and the results obtained. Special attention is given to the Romanesque Route, a cultural itinerary with 58 monuments (monasteries, churches, bridges, towers and a castle). illustrated manuals contribute to the empowerment of local communities and users.

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17

Cavaco, Afonso Miguel, Ana Grilo, and Luisa Barros. "Exploring pharmacists’ orientation towards patients in Portuguese community pharmacies." Journal of Communication in Healthcare 13, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2020.1804797.

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Pepler, Debra J., and Iara Lessa. "The Mental Health of Portuguese Children." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 1 (February 1993): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800112.

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This study investigated the mental health of Portuguese children in Canada. Preliminary work involved a survey of professionals serving the Portuguese community and the translation and assessment of a standardized child behaviour checklist. Forty-five Portuguese children and 45 non Portuguese children referred to a children's mental health centre were compared on demographic and family indicators and their referral source. There were similar proportions of boys and girls in the two groups, similar types of services were requested, and they had similar treatment histories. The Portuguese children were older at the time of referral and were more likely to be referred by educational agencies than the non Portuguese children. Portuguese families appeared to experience different stresses than non Portuguese families. Implications of these findings for the provision of culturally sensitive interventions for Portuguese children and their families are discussed.

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Pena-Rodríguez, Alberto. "The American dream in the airwaves. The beginnings of Portuguese radio in the United States." Communication & Society 33, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/003.33.36468.

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This work is an approximation to the beginnings of Portuguese radio in the United States, a phenomenon associated with the Lusophone immigrant community scattered throughout the United States. Starting from the hypothesis that radio was an innovative communication instrument that could have altered the perception of the reality of the Portuguese diaspora in a delocalised and transmediatic context, the object of the study focuses on describing and analysing some of the relevant aspects of the beginnings of this sound medium within the Portuguese community in North America in the 1930s, when the Portuguese began to produce their own programmes. As the use of radio as a means of communication became more popular, several Portuguese-language radio stations called “Portuguese hours” appeared, which were housed in local radio stations in population centres with a significant presence of Portuguese, especially in New England and California. Some Portuguese journalists took up the challenge of devoting themselves to radio journalism with great success, while others interpreted the enormous interest aroused by radio programmes among immigrants as a threat to the advertising income of the press. Through the use of dispersed documentary and newspaper sources and the use of qualitative techniques of content analysis, the main objective of this research is to explain the characteristics of the first Portuguese-language radio programs in the United States, how the immigrant press reacted to their potential threat as a competing medium, and who were their pioneers.

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Carlini-Cotrim, Beatriz, and Gelma Lucia Coelho. "Identifying Risk Factors for Drug Abuse among Portuguese Speaking Youth in the Boston Area: A Preliminary Assessment Using Key Informant Networks." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 15, no. 3 (October 1994): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3nef-hc7j-hjna-70c7.

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This article presents the results of a key-informant mail survey conducted with thirty-nine community leaders and local workers of the three main groups of the Boston area Portuguese speaking community, namely Brazilians, Cape Verdeans, and Portuguese. They were asked to rank on the questionnaire the frequency with which some youth problems—identified in the literature as risk factors for substance abuse—were present in the community. Six of the ten most cited problems were family-related, such as inter-generational cultural differences, poor family management skills, and social isolation of family.

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Matias, Ana Raquel, and Paulo Feytor Pinto. "Overcoming linguistic barriers in Portuguese higher education: The case of international African students." Portuguese Journal of Social Science 19, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 189–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pjss_00026_1.

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This article reflects about the contextual and theoretical assumptions of the project ‘Trovoada de Ideias: Linguistic and social inclusion of students from Portuguese-speaking African countries in Portuguese higher education’, an ongoing action research on Portuguese academic language teaching involving students who speak different varieties of Portuguese. By adopting a multidimensional inclusion approach (simultaneously linguistic, cultural and social), the ultimate aim is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors of (in)comprehension between students fluent in different norms of Portuguese and the university host community in Portugal, and consequently, building a frame for improving higher education institutions responses to multicultural challenges implied in the social dynamics of language variation.

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Dos Santos, Hilderman, Serena Tonstad, Susanne Montgomery, Michael Paalani, and Pegah Faed. "Smoking Cessation Behavior in Male Portuguese Californians." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v9i2.1437.

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The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of smoking cessation in a sample of male Portuguese Californians using data from the Portuguese Study, a dissertation thesis study with a crosssectional design that assessed 141 smokers and 67 ex-smokers of Portuguese origin residing in Southern and Central California recruited from Portuguese community clubs. Socio-demographics, acculturation, health beliefs, stress, and social support for smoking cessation were assessed and measured in this population. Bivariate predictors of becoming an ex-smoker were being married (p=.01), having a high support index for not smoking (p

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Alcaire, Rita. "(In)Visible (a)sexuality? Media discourses and representations on asexuality in Portugal." Antropologia Portuguesa, no. 38 (December 15, 2021): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-7982_38_2.

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This article presents the result of a multimodal analysis of the representation of asexuality in Portuguese mainstream media. In Portugal, the media played a pivotal role in the relationship between the newly formed Portuguese asexual community and the wider audience. Media attention on asexuality in Portugal generated a discussion on how asexual people are represented, but also on social representations of sexual diversity in general. As a result, the Portuguese asexual community and LGBTQI+ movement were impelled to reflect on their activity and on the public image they wanted to send out. Therefore, the community had to make choices: which media to participate in; who participates; whose faces the message is associated to; to what extent the allies are to be taken into consideration; which types of discourses get privileged, and which become excluded. Amongst other public effects, the Portuguese LGBTQI+ movement started to acknowledge asexuality in documents produced by them. The corpus of materials on the subject grew, and asexuality left a significant footprint. The major tendency points towards a positive portrayal of asexuality that puts asexual people centre stage, owning narratives about themselves.

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Soares, Hugo. "The National Institute for Scientific Research (INIC): Pathway and Influence in Portuguese Science Policy (1976-1992)." HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2019-0017.

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Abstract My Ph.D research project aims at writing the history of the Portuguese National Institute for Scientific Research (Instituto Nacional de Investigação Científica, INIC) (1976-92). Although INIC is an important institutional actor in the development of the Portuguese scientific system, it has been mostly absent from the history of the Portuguese institutions of science policy. INIC was founded after the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974 in a context in which institutional coordination of scientific research had already become a priority. The political instability of the post-revolutionary period, together with the expansion of the scientific system, resulted in institutional tensions and conflicts involving the scientific community, the higher education community, and other institutions tangent to INIC, that led to its extinction in 1992. Based on INIC’s archive and complemented by secondary sources and interviews, this project proposes to bring this institution into the historical narrative of the Portuguese institutions of science policy.

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MOTA, ELSA, PAULO CRAWFORD, and ANA SIMÕES. "Einstein in Portugal: Eddington's expedition to Principe and the reactions of Portuguese astronomers (1917–25)." British Journal for the History of Science 42, no. 2 (December 22, 2008): 245–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087408001568.

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AbstractAmong various case studies addressing the reception of relativity, very few deal with Portugal at either the international or the national level. The national literature on the topic has mainly concentrated on the reactions to relativity of the Portuguese mathematical community. The absence of Portuguese astronomers alongside Eddington during the 1919 expedition to Principe, then a Portuguese island, has been implicitly equated with the astronomical community's lack of interest in the event. In reception studies dealing with general relativity, analysis has tended to focus on the physics and mathematics communities, less on the astronomers. Given that relativity was born at the interface of physics, mathematics and astronomy, reactions of members of these scientific communities depended on differences in shared traditions, values, problems and expectations, as well as on individual practitioners' idiosyncrasies. This paper addresses the contributions of the overlooked Portuguese astronomical community, evaluates the actions and reactions of its members to the expedition and assesses their role in the process of appropriation of relativity.

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Da Costa, Patricia Baliana, Reza Safitri, and Bambang Dwi Prasetyo. "Timor Leste Community Perceptions About the Use of Portugal Language in Telejornal News on Television Radio E Televisaun de Timor Leste Empreza Publica (RTTL, EP)." International Journal of Science and Society 4, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v4i1.435.

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This research is motivated by the different perceptions among the people of Lautem district, Tutuala sub-district, Timor Leste about the use of Portuguese in the Telejornal RTTL'EP news. In its reporting, Telejornal uses two language versions, namely Tetum and Portuguese. However, in the Tetum version of the news, it is more dominated by Portuguese which is generally not understood by the public. PThis study aims to determine the perception and understanding of the people of Timor Leste about the use of Portuguese in the news of Telejornal Rádio e Televisão de Timor Leste Empresa Publica (RTTL, EP) and how the people of Timor Leste interpret Portuguese itself. The approach of this research is descriptive qualitative research with the number of informants as many as 25 people, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and documentation.The results showed that only 13% of the people understood Portuguese and the remaining 87% of the people did not understand Portuguese through the newsTelejornal.This is due to the different understandings of the people of the Tutuala sub-district according to generations from three different eras, namely the Portuguese era generation, the Indonesian era generation and the generation after independence. In addition, Portuguese for the people of the Tutuala sub-district is interpreted as a foreign language/language of another nation/Bulenese language which is unable to unite the people of Timor Leste with different cultural backgrounds. In the end, this phenomenon created discomfort for the people of Timor Leste so that people preferred foreign television channels, namely Indonesian television broadcasts, rather than Telejornal RTTL, EP broadcasts.

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De Oliveira, Márcia Ramos, Igor Lemos Moreira, and Lucas Txai Fonceca. "O FADO NA CIBERCULTURA: Identidade e memória luso-brasileira em plataformas digitais." Revista Observatório 3, no. 5 (August 1, 2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2017v3n5p191.

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Este trabalho propõe-se a observar uma pequena série de espaços virtuais - blogs e plataformas digitais - destacando elementos alusivos ao fado, gênero musical característico da nacionalidade portuguesa, como referência a identidade da comunidade luso-brasileira nestes ambientes. De caráter exploratório, esta breve análise apóia-se na perspectiva da história do tempo presente, enfatizando aspectos relacionados a dimensão da memória, usos do passado e acervos digitais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Fado; Identidade luso-brasileira; cibercultura; memória; história do tempo presente. ABSTRACT This work proposes to observe a small series of virtual spaces - blogs and digital platforms - highlighting elements allusive to fado, musical genre characteristic of Portuguese nationality, as a reference to the identity of the Portuguese-Brazilian community in these environments. Of exploratory nature, this brief analysis is based on the perspective of the history of the present time, emphasizing aspects related to memory dimension, past uses and digital collections. KEYWORDS: Fado; Portuguese-Brazilian identity; Cyberculture; memory; History of the present time. RESUMEN Este trabajo es una observación de una pequeña serie de espacios virtuales - blogs y plataformas digitales - destacando elementos alusivos al fado, género musical característico de la nacionalidad portuguesa, como referencia a la identidad de la comunidad luso-brasileira nestes ambientes. De caráter exploratorio, esta breve descripción se apunta a la perspectiva de la historia del tiempo presente, enfatizando el tamaño de la memoria, los usos del pasado y los acervos digitales. PALABRAS CLAVE: Fado; Identidad luso-brasileña; Cibercultura; Memoria; Historia del tiempo presente.

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Walder, Andrew G., and Charles Downs. "Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution." Contemporary Sociology 20, no. 2 (March 1991): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2072911.

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Almeida, José Carlos Pina, and David Corkill. "Uma Vida Melhor?: Portuguese Migrant Workers in a Rural Community." Immigrants & Minorities 28, no. 1 (March 2010): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02619281003611857.

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de Pina-Cabral, Joao, and Jan Brogger. "Pre-Bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community." Man 26, no. 1 (March 1991): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2803493.

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Santos, Ana Luísa Moreira dos, Teresa Maria de Serpa Pinto Freitas do Amaral, and Nuno Pedro Garcia Fernandes Bento Borges. "Undernutrition and associated factors in a Portuguese older adult community." Revista de Nutrição 28, no. 3 (June 2015): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732015000300001.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of undernutrition in older adults aged >75 years living in communities and to identify the main factors independently associated with undernutrition. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a random sample of family physicians' medical records of 86 older adults aged >75 years living in the community studied. Their nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. RESULTS: A total of 10.5% of the elderly were undernourished and 41.9% were at undernutrition risk. According to the logistic regression multivariable model, the following characteristics: being widowed (OR=6.7; 95%CI=1.8-24.6); being institutionalized (OR=12.6; 95%CI=1.7-90.5); or having a negative self-perception of health (OR=15.0; 95%CI=3.3-69.1) were independently associated with a significant increase of undernutrition risk. CONCLUSION: The current study shows that undernutrition is highly prevalent in Portuguese older adults aged >75 years living in communities. The major factors independently associated with their undernutrition are being widowed and institutionalized and having negative self-perception of health. The results obtained show that undernutrition and its associated factors are very serious problems for older adults and a challenge in their health care.

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Amorim, Lígia, Filipe Duarte Santos, Francisco Lima Da Costa, Maria José Roxo, Maria Antónia Valente, Luís Nunes, and Álvaro Silva. "Historical evidence for climate driven migrations in Portuguese fishing community." International Journal of Global Warming 6, no. 1 (2014): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgw.2014.058753.

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Alves Faria, Ana da Conceição, Maria Manuela F. P. S. Martins, Olga Maria Pimenta Lopes Ribeiro, João Miguel Almeida Ventura-Silva, Esmeralda Faria Fonseca, Luciano José Moreira Ferreira, Paulo João Figueiredo Cabral Teles, and José Alberto Laredo-Aguilera. "Multidimensional Frailty and Lifestyles of Community-Dwelling Older Portuguese Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 14723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214723.

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(1) Background: Lifestyles are referred to as conditioning factors for the frailty of older adults. However, there are few studies that explore its association. The objective of the present study is to analyze the association between sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors of older adults people with multidimensional frailty. (2) Methods: Descriptive and correlational study carried out with older adults people registered in a Health Unit in Portugal. Data were collected through a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and application of the Individual Lifestyle Profile and Tilburg Frailty Index to assess the lifestyles and multidimensional frailty of older adults, respectively. This last instrument, being of a multidimensional nature, assesses not only physical, but also psychological and social frailty, with a cut-off point of 6. (3) Results: Of the 300 older adults who participated, most were female (60.3%) and had a mean age of 81.34 ± 6.75 years. Moreover, 60.3% of the sample were frail older adults. Gender, marital status, number of household members, number of chronic diseases, number of daily medications, self-perception of health status and lifestyle and use of a walking device were associated with multidimensional frailty (p ≤ 0.001). Healthy eating habits, physical activity, relational behaviour, preventive behaviour, and stress management were significantly associated with lower physical, psychological, and social frailty (p ≤ 0.001). (4) Conclusions: When community health workers are aware of multidimensional frailty predictors and their components, they can intervene early and, consequently, delay the onset and progression of frailty in older adults.

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Balosa, David. "The Relationship between Portuguese and Indigenous Languages in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries: An Existential Sociolinguistics Perspective." Conjuntura Austral 13, no. 63 (August 31, 2022): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2178-8839.123331.

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Abstract This study analyzes the relationship between Portuguese and indigenous or regional and national languages in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). It proposes a multilingual language policy and the implementation of the political legitimacy of linguistic minority rights (PLLMR) as a demonstration of a decolonized treatment of languages other than Portuguese (LOTP) in the community. Using the theoretical framework of existential sociolinguistics and the method of philosophical reflection, this study addresses the question of how can CPLP implement multilingual policy in its governmental processes and sustain its Lusophone international politico-economic and sociocultural organization identity. In conclusion, it argues that the implementation of multilingual policy will demonstrate a decolonized governmental attitude, a sustainable existential intercultural mindset (SEIM), and a global intercultural citizenship in fostering existential justice rather than an anti-humanist governance or what I call econotechnocracy.

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Andaya, Leonard Y. "The ‘informal Portuguese empire’ and the Topasses in the Solor archipelago and Timor in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 41, no. 3 (September 7, 2010): 391–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002246341000024x.

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This study of Timor and the surrounding islands between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries provides evidence that, after the demise of the Portuguese Estado da India, an ‘informal’ or ‘shadow’ empire persisted but in uniquely localised ways. It describes the emergence of the ‘black Portuguese’ community known in Timor and the Solor archipelago as the Topasses. Their singular identity was based on the melding of indigenous and Portuguese blood and cultural forms. Their ability to access the sources of spiritual authority in both the Catholic and the Timorese domains assured their survival and that of the Portuguese in Timor until well into the twentieth century.

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Dewulf, Jeroen. "Emulating a Portuguese Model." Journal of Early American History 4, no. 1 (March 14, 2014): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00401006.

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This article presents a new perspective on the master-slave relationship in New Netherland in order to complement the existing theories on the treatment of slaves in that Dutch colony. It shows how prior to the loss of Dutch Brazil, the West India Company modeled its slave policy after Portuguese practices, such as the formation of black militias and the use of Christianity as a means to foster slave loyalty. It also points out that in the initial slave policy of the Dutch Reformed Church was characterized by the ambition to replace the Iberian Catholic Church in the Americas. While the Reformed Church in the early decades of the Dutch colonial expansion was characterized by a community-building spirit and a flexible attitude toward newcomers, the loss of Brazil shattered the dream of a Protestant American continent and gave way to a more exclusivist approach with a much stronger emphasis on orthodoxy. This led to a dramatic change in attitude vis-à-vis slaves, which is reflected in the segregationist policies―both at a social and a religious level―in later Dutch slave colonies such as Suriname.

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de Almeida, Ana Nunes. "Industry, Family, and Class: The Working-Class Community in Barreiro." Journal of Family History 19, no. 3 (September 1994): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909401900301.

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Frequently placed on the edges of scientific debate and analyzed in relation to problems or theoretical constructs specific to other social groups, the portrait of the “working-class family” is too often the product of logical deductions and a sort of no-man's land. The research project described by the present article concerns factories, working-class groups, and family strategies in Barreiro, a Portuguese industrial town near Lisbon, the Portuguese capital. Special attention is given to reconstructing the industrial experience at a regional level and to the study of workers in the cork and heavy metallurgical industries of Barreiro. The results suggest the internal diversity of the working-class world and two different kinds of linkeage between family and workplace life—the survival strategy of cork workers in the 1920s, and the promotion strategy of the metal workers in the 1950s.

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Baxter, Alan N. "Malacca Creole Portuguese in the 19th century." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 33, no. 2 (October 19, 2018): 247–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00016.bax.

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Abstract Earlier linguistic research suggested that Malacca Creole Portuguese (MCP) had existed without diglossia with Portuguese ever since the Dutch conquest of Portuguese Malacca in 1642, yet it had experienced some contact with Portuguese in the 19th and 20th centuries. The present study adds significantly to this discussion. It considers a range of information from sociohistorical studies and archival sources (including linguistic data) relating to the Dutch (1642–1795, 1818–1823) and early British (1795–1818, 1823–1884) colonial periods. For the Dutch period, it is seen that contact with other Creole Portuguese communities is likely to have persisted for some time. Most significant, however, is the finding that 19th century texts in Portuguese and creole Portuguese, recently identified in archival sources in London and Graz, show that Portuguese continued to be part of the Malacca sociolinguistic setting until the early British period, and that missionary Indo-Portuguese also had a presence at that time. It is concluded that, rather than presenting a narrow lectal range akin to that of the MCP community in the late 20th century, the creole lectal grid in the 19th century was more complex, and included dimensions of a continuum in a diglossic relationship with Portuguese.

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Álvarez López, Laura, and Anna Jon-and. "Afro-Brazilian Cupópia." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 32, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 75–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.32.1.03alv.

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The present paper focuses on the speech of a rural Afro-Brazilian community called Cafundó, situated 150 km from São Paulo. In 1978, when linguistic data were collected, the community constituted approximately eighty individuals, descendants of two slave women who inherited their owners’ proprieties. According to earlier studies, when the inhabitants of Cafundó spoke in their supposed ‘African language’, Cupópia, they used structures borrowed from Portuguese and a vocabulary of possible African origin. A lexical analysis shows that the etymologies match historical and demographical data, indicating that speakers of varieties of Kimbundu, Kikongo, and Umbundu dominated in the community. Through a morphosyntactic analysis, specific features were found in the data, such as copula absence and variable agreement patterns. By showing that some of Cupópia’s specific grammatical features are not derived from the Portuguese spoken by the same speakers but are instead shared with more restructured varieties, this paper defends the hypothesis that this lexically driven in-group code is not simply a regional variety of Portuguese with a number of African-derived words.

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Rodrigues, Tony. "SAFEGUARDING SOUTH AFRICAâ€™S PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANISATIONAL RECORDS: THE QUESTION OF CUSTODY." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 33, no. 3 (February 8, 2016): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/223.

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This research article made an effort to uncover the attitudes of South African Portuguese community-based organisations in Gauteng, South Africa, towards the custody of their potential archival records and where these organisations would prefer to house any archival records they may hold. The literature reviewed revealed that community records often present community organisations that hold these records with a dilemma regarding who might take custody of their potential records if they do decide to participate in an archival collecting effort of their community. The literature also showed that archival custody options come in different forms, ranging from traditional approaches to custody of physical and legal transfer of ownership to a mainstream archive, to alternative methods often referred to as the post-custodial and stewardship approaches. Utilising an interpretive qualitative research design, similarly the empirical findings from the interviews held with the Portuguese organisations in Gauteng also revealed that these organisationsâ€™ preferences towards custody were not uniform. The results showed that any proposed archival collecting effort of the Portuguese community will have to take all their divergent views into consideration if an archival collecting strategy that facilitates the contribution of the records from all their organisations is to be achieved. It also became evident that each organisationâ€™s preference towards the custody of their records is often contentious and therefore needs to be respected if these community records are to be preserved in the long term.

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Amaral, Isabel Maria. "A nova face da medicina Portuguesa: a geração de 1911 e a escola de investigação de Marck Athias." Acta Médica Portuguesa 24, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.332.

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This paper aims to demonstrate that with Marck Athias, the Portuguese medicine inaugurated a new chapter in its history, in the Republic period, characterized by the experimental training at the laboratory. Thus, book-based knowledge gave way to a more clinically based approach favouring laboratory practice and basic research within several scientific domains. This new perspective operated important changes in the Portuguese medical community in the first half of century XX. Marck Athias (1857-1946), a Portuguese, was a physician trained at the University of Paris under Mathias Duval (a former student of Santiago Rámon y Cajal). It was in his laboratory that Athias began his career as researcher. Returning to Portugal, Athias founded a research school in physiology and histology which stressed a new approach in medicine based on experimental research. At the beginning of the twentieth century, scientific research in Portugal was virtually devoid of any of the practical clinic aspects. It is in fact Athias who introduced a new scientific perspective in Portuguese scientific community as well as influenced generations of graduate students in several national higher education and scientific research centres associated with Medicine. His influence and impact was due in great part to the underlying ideology of a positivist nature which succeeded in attracting several generations of followers, promoting a new step for the modernization of Portuguese medicine.

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Silva, Mariana, and Henrique Pereira. "The Impact of Life Trauma on Mental Health and Suicidal Behavior: A Study from Portuguese Language Countries." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 4 (April 10, 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12040102.

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Several studies report the incidence of traumatic experiences in community and clinical samples, and substantial research demonstrates the impact of traumatic events on mental health and suicidal behavior, but this area remains unexplored in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLC). Thus, this study aims to (1) describe traumatic experiences, mental health levels and suicidal behavior among individuals from Portugal, Brazil and African Countries with Portuguese as an Official Language (ACPOL); (2) assess correlations between traumatic experiences and mental health and suicidal behavior; and (3) assess the impact of exposure to a traumatic event on mental health and suicidal behavior. The measurement instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, Brief Trauma Questionnaire, Brief Symptoms Inventory-18, and the Portuguese version of the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. ACPOL participants reported greater impact of war, Portuguese participants reported greater impact of disasters, and Brazilian participants reported greater impact of psychological and sexual abuse, assault, and death of a family member. Brazilian participants showed the worst levels of mental health and suicidal thoughts. Strong correlations were found between traumatic experiences and mental health levels and suicidal behavior. Traumatic experiences contributed to the explanation of mental health levels and probability of committing suicide.

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Góes, José Cristian, and Elton Antunes. "Journalism and the Tale of the Other: The Invisibility of Lusophones in Brazil and the Identity Erasure Between Us." Brazilian Journalism Research 13, no. 3 (December 23, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/bjr.v13n3.2017.993.

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The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) has completed two decades of existence. Since Brazil is the largest Portuguese-speaking nation, our objective was to investigate how Folha de S.Paulo and O Globo have been reporting on this community over its 20-year history. Initial findings reveal a widespread invisibility of lusophones in Brazil. Scouring through the news reports over this short period, we found some hints that might have contributed to the invisibility of this community in Brazil. We then had to reflect on identities, globalization and community. At the center of this discussion, the fabulation over of the Other, who, in the CPLP, mostly come from black and African descent. Six of the nine Lusophone countries are from Africa. We suggest that the invisibility of lusophony in Brazil is erasing the identity between us, the people of this community.A Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP) completou duas décadas. Como o Brasil é a maior nação lusófona, nosso objetivo foi investigar como a Folha de S.Paulo e O Globo noticiaram essa comunidade em seus 20 anos. A constatação inicial é da ampla invisibilização da lusofonia no Brasil. Ao escavar as poucas noticias desse longo período, percebemos indícios históricos e identitários na opção por tornar invisível essa comunidade no Brasil. Isso nos obrigou a refletir sobre identidades, globalização e comunidade. No centro dessa discussão, a fabulação sobre o Outro, que em relação a CPLP é majoritariamente negro e africano. Dos nove países lusófonos, seis são da África. Sugerimos que a invisibilização da lusofonia no Brasil passa pela tentativa de apagar os laços identitários entre Nós, povos dessa comunidade.La Comunidad de Países de Lengua Portuguesa (CPLP) ha completado dos décadas. Como Brasil es el mayor país de esta comunidad, nuestro objetivo era investigar cómo la Folha de São Paulo y O Globo informó duante este largo período. El hallazgo inicial es la invisibilidad amplia del lusofonia en Brasil. Mientras que la excavación de las pocas noticias, vemos evidencia histórica y de la identidad en la elección de invisibilizar esta comunidad en Brasil. Esto nos obliga a reflexionar sobre la identidad, la globalización y la comunidad. En el centro de esta discusión, la fábula sobre el Otro, que por CPLP es sobre todo negro y africano. De los nueve países de habla portuguesa, seis se encuentran en África. Sugerimos que la invisibilidad del habla portuguesa en Brasil implica el intento de borrar los lazos de identidad entre Nosotros, la gente de esta comunidad.

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Lopes-Cardoso, Henrique, Tomás Freitas Osório, Luís Vilar Barbosa, Gil Rocha, Luís Paulo Reis, João Pedro Machado, and Ana Maria Oliveira. "Robust Complaint Processing in Portuguese." Information 12, no. 12 (December 17, 2021): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12120525.

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The Natural Language Processing (NLP) community has witnessed huge improvements in the last years. However, most achievements are evaluated on benchmarked curated corpora, with little attention devoted to user-generated content and less-resourced languages. Despite the fact that recent approaches target the development of multi-lingual tools and models, they still underperform in languages such as Portuguese, for which linguistic resources do not abound. This paper exposes a set of challenges encountered when dealing with a real-world complex NLP problem, based on user-generated complaint data in Portuguese. This case study meets the needs of a country-wide governmental institution responsible for food safety and economic surveillance, and its responsibilities in handling a high number of citizen complaints. Beyond looking at the problem from an exclusively academic point of view, we adopt application-level concerns when analyzing the progress obtained through different techniques, including the need to obtain explainable decision support. We discuss modeling choices and provide useful insights for researchers working on similar problems or data.

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Cavaco, Afonso Miguel, Miray Arslan, and Sevgi Sar. "Informing the homeopathic practice for Turkish pharmacists: reviewing the example of Portuguese community pharmacies." Homeopathy 106, no. 02 (May 2017): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.homp.2017.02.003.

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Introduction: Alternative and complementary therapy systems, such as homeopathy, have long been used around the world. Since 1995 homeopathy has been officially recognized in Europe as a system of medicine or a medical specialty. Portuguese community pharmacists have long-standing experience with homeopathic products. By contrast, healthcare professionals in Turkey are less experienced with homeopathic practice although there is a new regulatory setting in place. There are a limited number of studies addressing pharmacists' role within the homeopathic system. Aim: To investigate the attitudes (knowledge, feelings and behaviour) of experienced Portuguese pharmacy practitioners who deal with homeopathy, and thus to inform Turkish pharmacy practice and policy on homeopathy-related success factors. Methods: A qualitative cross-sectional design was followed, using semi-structured and face-to-face individual interviews with purposively selected Portuguese pharmacists experienced with homeopathic medicines. Audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim and the transcriptions imported into QSR NVivo v10 software for qualitative coding and analysis. Using a thematic content approach, the extracted codes were grouped and indexed by recurrent themes through a reflective procedure and constant comparison. Results & discussion: Six general themes emerged, the most relevant being participants' feelings of gratitude for the ability to work in homeopathy; other themes were a helpful regulatory body, clear practice boundaries, scientific support and product quality assurance. Specialized homeopathic education was considered the most important factor for success. This was related to patients' positive perceptions and acceptance, suggesting an increase in public awareness through the pharmacy network. Conclusions: Portuguese pharmacists' attitudes towards their homeopathic practices highlighted the key elements for success in a field that is usually distant from traditional pharmaceutical education and practice. The present findings provide guidance for Turkish pharmacists willing to expand their professional scope and to embrace complementary medicines.

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Melo, Pedro, João Neves-Amado, Alexandra Pereira, Cândida Maciel, Tiago Vieira Pinto, and Teresa Cardoso. "Assessing Community Empowerment for an Innovative Epidemiologic Approach." Healthcare 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020173.

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Community empowerment can be a process, but also the result of nursing care. To analyze it as a result there is an instrument that allows to quantify its level in nine domains. According to Melo (2020), health centers can be considered communities, becoming the potential target of community and public health nurses care, especially in the public health unit. One of the main functions of a public health unit is the epidemiological surveillance of the population’s health state. However, traditional epidemiological surveillance is focused on diseases and Melo (2020) proposes a new approach for epidemiology focused on people in what concerns nursing diagnosis. The aim of this research is to identify the level of empowerment of four Portuguese primary healthcare structures, named as ACeS, so as to improve the epidemiological surveillance of nursing diagnoses. As methodology, we developed four focus group with all nursing leaders from all primary care units of the four ACeS, using the Portuguese version of the empowerment assessment rating scale. The results present the level of community empowerment of each ACeS according to the nine domains of the scale. The needs of intervention to improve the ACeS empowerment were also identified in order to develop the epidemiological surveillance of nursing diagnoses.

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Da Silva Perez, Natália, and Peter Thule Kristensen. "Gender, Space, and Religious Privacy in Amsterdam." TSEG - The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History 18, no. 3 (November 29, 2021): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.52024/tseg.11043.

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Silva Perez and Kristensen examine the intersection of gender and religious traditions for the use of space for two distinct religious groups: the Amsterdam beguines, a Catholic community, and the Portuguese Nation, a Jewish community. In the religiously diverse environment of seventeenth century Amsterdam, only the Dutch Reformed Church was officially authorized to have visible places of worship. Unsanctioned religious groups such as the beguines and the Portuguese Nation had to make arrangements to regulate visibility and access to their spaces of worship. Using privacy as an analytical lens, the authors discuss how strategies employed by the two groups changed over the course of the century.

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Mormul, Joanna. "The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) and the Luso-African identity." Politeja 17, no. 5 (68) (April 19, 2021): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.17.2020.68.10.

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The article aims at searching for the correlation between the Luso-African identity, understood as a form of cultural identity based on the concept of Lusophony, and The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), an international organisation that brings together countries whose official language is Portuguese. The CPLP is considered as an institutional emanation of the idea of Lusophony. However, for almost 25 years since its creation it still receives a lot of criticism. Despite the multiplicity of initiatives that it proposed, for a long time it seemed that the CPLP did not really move beyond the concept phase. Furthermore, until recently the organisation has focused mainly on cultural and political cooperation, leaving behind its enormous economic possibilities and provoking questions about an untapped potential of the CPLP. The paper attempts to reflect on the hypothesis that the limited capacities of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries regarding the African continent are, at least partially, related to the problem with Luso-African identity. The considerations presented in the article are based on the critical reading of the literature of the subject, qualitative analysis of the already existing data (official documents and the press, available statistics), as well as the author’s reflections drawn from observations, interviews and informal talks conducted during field research in Mozambique (2015) and Guinea-Bissau (2016), along with multiple study visits to Portugal (2011-2016), while realizing the research project devoted to the problem of state dysfunctionality in the Lusophone Africa.

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Nunes, Ana P., Isabel M. Costa, and Filipa A. Costa. "Determinants of self-medication with NSAIDs in a Portuguese community pharmacy." Pharmacy Practice 14, no. 1 (March 6, 2016): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2016.01.648.

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Nunes, Francisco G., Janet E. Anderson, and Luis M. Martins. "Patient reactions to community pharmacies’ roles: evidence from the Portuguese market." Health Expectations 18, no. 6 (September 17, 2014): 2853–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hex.12269.

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