Статті в журналах: "Porous Nanocomposite"

1

Vanin, A. I., Yu A. Kumzerov, V. G. Solov’ev, S. D. Khanin, S. E. Gango, M. S. Ivanova, M. M. Prokhorenko, S. V. Trifonov, A. V. Cvetkov, and M. V. Yanikov. "Electrical and Optical Properties of Nanocomposites Fabricated by the Introduction of Iodine in Porous Dielectric Matrices." Glass Physics and Chemistry 47, no. 3 (May 2021): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1087659621030123.

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Abstract The electrical and optical properties of nanocomposite materials fabricated by the dispersion of iodine in porous dielectric matrices of zeolites, zeolite-like aluminum phosphates, opals, asbestos, and porous aluminum oxide are studied. It is demonstrated that the physical properties of the produced nanocomposites depend significantly on the structure of a matrix.

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2

Kojuch, Luana Rodrigues, Keila Machado de Medeiros, Edcleide Maria Araújo, and Hélio de Lucena Lira. "Obtaining of Polyamide 6.6 Plane Membrane Application in Oil-Water Separation." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.460.

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Nanocomposites are a class of materials formed by hybrids of organic and inorganic materials, where the inorganic phase is dispersed at the nanometer level in a polymeric matrix. Several polymers have been used as matrices for the preparation of polymer / clay nanocomposite, among which, polyamide 6.6, by presenting excellent chemical, thermal and mechanical. The nanocomposites exhibit excellent properties the point of view optical, electrical and barrier, and reduced flammability. In this research, micro-porous membranes were obtained from the polyamide 6.6/argila montmorillonite nanocomposite, in order to verify its application in the separation water / oil. The results obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the obtained membranes have a dense layer and a porous layer, and that after the test oil-water separation was observed that the relative flow (J/J0) was greater in compositions with 3% clay, 1.5 bar pressure.

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3

Kowalski, K., and M. Jurczyk. "Porous Magnesium Based Bionanocomposites For Medical Application." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 1433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0147.

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Abstract In this study, Mg-10 wt.% hydroxyapatite nanocomposites and their scaffolds were synthesized using a combination of mechanical alloying and a powder metallurgy methods. The phase and microstructure analysis was carried out using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and the properties were measured using hardness and corrosion testing apparatus. According to the Scherrer method for XRD profiles, the average size of mechanically alloyed Mg+10 wt. % HA for 20 h powders was of order of 21 nm for Mg. The Vickers hardness of the Mg-10 wt.% HA reached 87 HV0.3. The corrosion resistance of the bulk Mg-10 wt.% HA nanocomposite and its scaffolds was investigated in the Ringer’s solution. The potentiodynamic corrosion resistance tests revealed that the porosity of the Mg-10 wt.% HA nanocomposite scaffolds had no negative effects compared to microcrystalline Mg.

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Dibazar, Zahra Ebrahimvand, Mahnaz Mohammadpour, Hadi Samadian, Soheila Zare, Mehdi Azizi, Masoud Hamidi, Redouan Elboutachfaiti, Emmanuel Petit, and Cédric Delattre. "Bacterial Polyglucuronic Acid/Alginate/Carbon Nanofibers Hydrogel Nanocomposite as a Potential Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering." Materials 15, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 2494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072494.

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3D nanocomposite scaffolds have attracted significant attention in bone tissue engineering applications. In the current study, we fabricated a 3D nanocomposite scaffold based on a bacterial polyglucuronic acid (PGU) and sodium alginate (Alg) composite with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as the bone tissue engineering scaffold. The CNFs were obtained from electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers through heat treatment. The fabricated CNFs were incorporated into a PGU/Alg polymeric solution, which was physically cross-linked using CaCl2 solution. The fabricated nanocomposites were characterized to evaluate the internal structure, porosity, swelling kinetics, hemocompatibility, and cytocompatibility. The characterizations indicated that the nanocomposites have a porous structure with interconnected pores architecture, proper water absorption, and retention characteristics. The in vitro studies revealed that the nanocomposites were hemocompatible with negligible hemolysis induction. The cell viability assessment showed that the nanocomposites were biocompatible and supported bone cell growth. These results indicated that the fabricated bacterial PGU/Alg/CNFs hydrogel nanocomposite exhibited appropriate properties and can be considered a new biomaterial for bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

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5

Al-Arjan, Wafa Shamsan, Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan, Samina Nazir, Saiful Izwan Abd Razak, and Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir. "Development of Arabinoxylan-Reinforced Apple Pectin/Graphene Oxide/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Based Nanocomposite Scaffolds with Controlled Release of Drug for Bone Tissue Engineering: In-Vitro Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity against MC3T3-E1." Coatings 10, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111120.

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Fabrication of reinforced scaffolds to repair and regenerate defected bone is still a major challenge. Bone tissue engineering is an advanced medical strategy to restore or regenerate damaged bone. The excellent biocompatibility and osteogenesis behavior of porous scaffolds play a critical role in bone regeneration. In current studies, we synthesized polymeric nanocomposite material through free-radical polymerization to fabricate porous nanocomposite scaffolds by freeze drying. Functional group, surface morphology, porosity, pore size, and mechanical strength were examined through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Single-Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and Universal Testing Machine (UTM), respectively. These nanocomposites exhibit enhanced compressive strength (from 4.1 to 16.90 MPa), Young’s modulus (from 13.27 to 29.65 MPa) with well appropriate porosity and pore size (from 63.72 ± 1.9 to 45.75 ± 6.7 µm), and a foam-like morphology. The increasing amount of graphene oxide (GO) regulates the porosity and mechanical behavior of the nanocomposite scaffolds. The loading and sustained release of silver-sulfadiazine was observed to be 90.6% after 260 min. The in-vitro analysis was performed using mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cell lines. The developed nanocomposite scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibility. Based on the results, we propose these novel nanocomposites can serve as potential future biomaterials to repair defected bone with the load-bearing application, and in bone tissue engineering.

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Rozmysłowska-Wojciechowska, Anita, Ewa Karwowska, Michał Gloc, Jarosław Woźniak, Mateusz Petrus, Bartłomiej Przybyszewski, Tomasz Wojciechowski, and Agnieszka M. Jastrzębska. "Controlling the Porosity and Biocidal Properties of the Chitosan-Hyaluronate Matrix Hydrogel Nanocomposites by the Addition of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 4587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204587.

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A recent discovery of the unique biological properties of two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXenes) resulted in intensive research on their application in various biotechnological areas, including polymeric nanocomposite systems. However, the true potential of MXene as an additive to bioactive natural porous composite structures has yet to be fully explored. Here, we report that the addition of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene by reducing the porosity of the chitosan-hyaluronate matrix nanocomposite structures, stabilized by vitamin C, maintains their desired antibacterial properties. This was confirmed by micro computed tomography (micro-CT) visualization which enables insight into the porous structure of nanocomposites. It was also found that given large porosity of the nanocomposite a small amount of MXene (1–5 wt.%) was effective against gram-negative Escherichia coli, gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus sp. bacteria in a hydrogel system. Such an approach unequivocally advances the future design approaches of modern wound healing dressing materials with the addition of MXenes.

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Pavlenko, Mykola, Valerii Myndrul, Gloria Gottardi, Emerson Coy, Mariusz Jancelewicz, and Igor Iatsunskyi. "Porous Silicon-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition for Biophotonic Applications." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081987.

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In the current research, a porous silicon/zinc oxide (PSi/ZnO) nanocomposite produced by a combination of metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) methods is presented. The applicability of the composite for biophotonics (optical biosensing) was investigated. To characterize the structural and optical properties of the produced PSi/ZnO nanocomposites, several studies were performed: scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffuse reflectance, and photoluminescence (PL). It was found that the ALD ZnO layer fully covers the PSi, and it possesses a polycrystalline wurtzite structure. The effect of the number of ALD cycles and the type of Si doping on the optical properties of nanocomposites was determined. PL measurements showed a “shoulder-shape” emission in the visible range. The mechanisms of the observed PL were discussed. It was demonstrated that the improved PL performance of the PSi/ZnO nanocomposites could be used for implementation in optical biosensor applications. Furthermore, the produced PSi/ZnO nanocomposite was tested for optical/PL biosensing towards mycotoxins (Aflatoxin B1) detection, confirming the applicability of the nanocomposites.

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8

Gerawork, Mekdes. "Remediation of textile industry organic dye waste by photocatalysis using eggshell impregnated ZnO/CuO nanocomposite." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 11 (April 29, 2021): 2753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.165.

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Abstract Heterogeneous photocatalysis using nanocomposites is of great research interest in the treatment of industrial wastewater. The impregnated photocatalyst was produced by liquid state reaction of ZnO/CuO nanocomposite with extracted eggshells. The structure, functional group, metal composition, bandgap, and photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, respectively, in the absence and presence of eggshells. Photocatalytic degradation activities of the nanocomposites under UV light irradiation have been tested for a real sewage sample taken from Debre Berhan Textile Industry. From the results, the optimized degradation efficiency of the dye was 97.95% with 0.4 g dose of the photocatalyst, 120 min irradiation time, 120 °C temperature, and pH of 6.7. The results revealed that eggshell impregnated nanocomposite had better catalytic activity than the naked nanocomposite. This is due to the highly porous structure of eggshell biomasses and their sorption characteristics. In conclusion, when nanocomposites are supported by eggshell biomasses, they are excellent photocatalysts and can minimize the contamination of organic dyes from textile effluents.

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9

Bordun, Ihor, Krzysztof Chwastek, Dariusz Całus, Piotr Chabecki, Fedir Ivashchyshyn, Zenoviy Kohut, Anatoliy Borysiuk, and Yuriy Kulyk. "Comparison of Structure and Magnetic Properties of Ni/C Composites Synthesized from Wheat Straw by Different Methods." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 10031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110031.

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Synthesis of Ni/C nanostructured composites based on a natural raw material, i.e., wheat straw, is carried out in this work. The synthesis is performed by one- and two-stage methods using NiCl2 as the activating agent. The X-ray diffraction and EDS analyses reveal the presence of metallic nickel in the structure of the composites, whereas magnetic measurements showed that nickel was contained in the porous carbon matrix in the nanoparticle state. For nanocomposites synthesized by the one-stage method, the largest contribution to the formation of the porous structure might be attributed to pores with radii from 5 to 30 nm; for a nanocomposite synthesized in two stages, the pore distribution function exhibits a narrow isolated peak with a maximum of around 2.6 nm. Based on the obtained magnetic data, the coercive force, specific saturation magnetization and nickel content in nanocomposites are calculated. For the measured values of the coercive force, the average size of magnetic moment carriers is determined to be ~100 nm for the two-stage synthesis nanocomposite and ~100 ÷ 110 nm for the one-stage synthesis nanocomposites. The developed Ni/C nanocomposites might be used as a cheap material for energy storage applications or as magnetically controlled adsorbents.

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Rabia, Mohamed, Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi, Asmaa M. Elsayed, and Fatemah H. Alkallas. "Porous-Spherical Cr2O3-Cr(OH)3-Polypyrrole/Polypyrrole Nanocomposite Thin-Film Photodetector and Solar Cell Applications." Coatings 13, no. 7 (July 12, 2023): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071240.

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This study utilized the exceptional optical and electrical properties of polypyrrole (Ppy) to fabricate high-performance optoelectronic devices. The synthesis of the porous-spherical Cr2O3-Cr(OH)3-Ppy/Ppy nanocomposite thin film was achieved by preparing a second thin film of Cr2O3-Cr(OH)3-Ppy on the initial Ppy film using K2Cr2O7 as an oxidant. The nanocomposite’s properties were thoroughly characterized, including XRD and optical absorbance analyses. The XRD analysis showed that the crystalline size of the nanocomposite was 20 nm, while optical absorbance analysis demonstrated that the nanocomposite had a higher absorbance in a wide optical range compared to Ppy nanomaterials, as evidenced by the enhancement in bandgap (Eg) value from 3.33 eV for Ppy to 1.89 eV for Cr2O3-Cr(OH)3-Ppy. The fabricated nanocomposite thin film exhibited excellent light-sensing behavior, as evidenced by the evaluation of Jph values under different light conditions and various monochromatic lights with a detectivity (D) of 3.6 × 106 Jones (at 340 nm). The device demonstrated its potential as a solar cell, with a short circuit current (JSC) of 13 µA and an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.91 V. Given the nanocomposite’s low cost, high technical production, and superior optoelectronic properties, it has significant potential for use in commercially available high-tech devices.

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Covarrubias, Cristian, Julián Bejarano, Miguel Maureira, Cecilia Tapia, Mario Díaz, Juan P. Rodríguez, Humberto Palza, et al. "Preparation of osteoinductive – Antimicrobial nanocomposite scaffolds based on poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) modified with copper – Doped bioactive glass nanoparticles." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112210982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221098231.

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The aim of this study was to explore the preparation of porous nanocomposite scaffolds with simultaneous osteogenic – antibacterial properties by incorporating copper – doped bioactive glass nanoparticles into Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) lactide:glycolide. Bioactive glass nanoparticles were synthesized by using sol–gel technique from the SiO2 – P2O5 – CaO – Na2O – CuO system. Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) lactide:glycolide nanocomposite scaffolds with different nanoparticle contents were prepared by combined lyophilization/salt leaching. The in vitro bioactivity of the scaffolds was assessed in simulated body fluid, and cell viability and osteogenic differentiation assays were performed with stem cells. Antibacterial activity of the materials was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus. Copper – dopped bioactive glass nanoparticles particles with ∼70 nm in size and relatively crystalline structure were synthesized. Porous nanocomposite scaffolds prepared with the copper – doped nanoparticles are cytocompatible, promoted the mineralization of bone-like apatite in simulated body fluid, and stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells as judged by an increased activity the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. The antibacterial activity exhibited by the nanocomposite scaffolds was not statistically superior to that of the neat polymer scaffold. Development of greater antibacterial activity in these nanocomposites would requires further research primarily related to the synthesis of more amorphous and soluble copper – dopped bioactive glass nanoparticles.

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Liu, Xiaofang, Yaxin Chen, Xinrui Cui, Min Zeng, Ronghai Yu, and Guang-Sheng Wang. "Flexible nanocomposites with enhanced microwave absorption properties based on Fe3O4/SiO2 nanorods and polyvinylidene fluoride." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 23 (2015): 12197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01924a.

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Flexible Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/PVDF nanocomposites are prepared by embedding porous Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ core/shell nanorods in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The nanocomposite with filler content of 40 wt% shows excellent microwave absorption performance over 2−18 GHz.

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Bubnov, Alexej, Alexey Bobrovsky, Ivan Rychetský, Ladislav Fekete, and Věra Hamplová. "Self-Assembling Behavior of Smart Nanocomposite System: Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Confined by Stretched Porous Polyethylene Film." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081498.

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The control and prediction of soft systems exhibiting self-organization behavior can be realized by different means but still remains a highlighted task. Novel advanced nanocomposite system has been designed by filling of a stretched porous polyethylene (PE) film with pore dimensions of hundreds of nanometers by chiral ferroelectric liquid crystalline (LC) compound possessing polar self-assembling behavior. Lactic acid derivative exhibiting the paraelectric orthogonal smectic A* and the ferroelectric tilted smectic C* phases over a broad temperature range is used as a self-assembling compound. The morphology of nanocomposite film has been checked by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The designed nanocomposite has been studied by polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small and wide-angle X-ray scattering and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The effect of a porous PE confinement on self-assembling, structural, and dielectric behavior of the chiral LC compound has been established and discussed. While the mesomorphic and structural properties of the nanocomposite are found not to be much influenced in comparison to that of a pure LC compound, the polar properties have been toughly suppressed by the specific confinement. Nevertheless, the electro-optic switching was clearly observed under applied electric field of low frequency (210 V, 19 Hz). The dielectric spectroscopy and X-ray results reveal that the helical structure of the ferroelectric liquid crystal inside the PE matrix is completely unwound, and the molecules are aligned along stretching direction. Obtained results demonstrate possibilities of using stretched porous polyolefins as promising matrices for the design of new nanocomposites.

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14

Rudko, G. Yu. "Comparison of the synthesis routes for the ZnO/porous silica nanocomposite." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 19, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo19.04.352.

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15

Hérino, Roland. "Nanocomposite materials from porous silicon." Materials Science and Engineering: B 69-70 (January 2000): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5107(99)00269-x.

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16

Ko, Youngsang, Jeonghun Kim, Dabum Kim, Goomin Kwon, Yusuke Yamauchi, and Jungmok You. "Fabrication of Highly Conductive Porous Cellulose/PEDOT:PSS Nanocomposite Paper via Post-Treatment." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 13, 2019): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040612.

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In this paper, we report the fabrication of highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) nanocomposite paper with excellent flexibility through post-treatment with an organic solvent. The post-treated PEDOT:PSS/CNF porous nanocomposite papers showed a lower sulfur content, indicating the removal of residual PSS. The electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS/CNF porous nanocomposite paper was increased from 1.05 S/cm to 123.37 S/cm and 106.6 S/cm by post-treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG), respectively. These values are outstanding in the development of electrically conductive CNF composites. Additionally, the highly conductive nanocomposite papers showed excellent bending stability during bending tests. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed a Faradaic redox reaction and non-Faradaic capacitance due to the redox activity of PEDOT:PSS and large surface area, respectively. Electrochemical energy storage ability was evaluated and results showed that capacitance improved after post-treatment. We believe that the highly conductive PEDOT:PSS/CNF porous nanocomposite papers with excellent flexibility described here are potential candidates for application in porous paper electrodes, flexible energy storage devices, and bioengineering sensors.

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17

Gautam, Krishna Prasad, Debendra Acharya, Indu Bhatta, Vivek Subedi, Maya Das, Shova Neupane, Jyotendra Kunwar, Kisan Chhetri, and Amar Prasad Yadav. "Nickel Oxide-Incorporated Polyaniline Nanocomposites as an Efficient Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Application." Inorganics 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10060086.

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This work reports the facile, controlled, and low-cost synthesis of a nickel oxide and polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites-based electrode material for supercapacitor application. PANI-NiO nanocomposites with varying concentrations of NiO were synthesized via in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. The XRD and FTIR support the interaction of PANI with NiO and the successful formation of the PANI-NiO-x nanocomposite. The SEM analysis showed that the NiO and PANI were mixed homogenously, in which the NiO nanomaterial was incorporated in porous PANI globular nanostructures. The multiple phases of the nanocomposite electrode material enhance the overall performance of the energy-storage behavior of the supercapacitor that was tested in 1 M H2SO4 using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Among the different nanocomposites, PANI-NiO-3 exhibit the specific capacitance of a 623 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 current density. Furthermore, the PANI-NiO-3 electrode retained 89.4% of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles of GCD at a 20 A g−1 current density, indicating its significant cyclic stability. Such results suggest that PANI-NiO nanocomposite could be proposed as an appropriate electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

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Mohammadpour, Mahnaz, Hadi Samadian, Nader Moradi, Zhila Izadi, Mahdieh Eftekhari, Masoud Hamidi, Amin Shavandi, et al. "Fabrication and Characterization of Nanocomposite Hydrogel Based on Alginate/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Loaded with Linum usitatissimum Extract as a Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold." Marine Drugs 20, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20010020.

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In the current paper, we fabricated, characterized, and applied nanocomposite hydrogel based on alginate (Alg) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) loaded with phenolic purified extracts from the aerial part of Linum usitatissimum (LOH) as the bone tissue engineering scaffold. nHA was synthesized based on the wet chemical technique/precipitation reaction and incorporated into Alg hydrogel as the filler via physical cross-linking. The characterizations (SEM, DLS, and Zeta potential) revealed that the synthesized nHA possess a plate-like shape with nanometric dimensions. The fabricated nanocomposite has a porous architecture with interconnected pores. The average pore size was in the range of 100–200 µm and the porosity range of 80–90%. The LOH release measurement showed that about 90% of the loaded drug was released within 12 h followed by a sustained release over 48 h. The in vitro assessments showed that the nanocomposite possesses significant antioxidant activity promoting bone regeneration. The hemolysis induction measurement showed that the nanocomposites were hemocompatible with negligible hemolysis induction. The cell viability/proliferation confirmed the biocompatibility of the nanocomposites, which induced proliferative effects in a dose-dependent manner. This study revealed the fabricated nanocomposites are bioactive and osteoactive applicable for bone tissue engineering applications.

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19

Liu, Jin Kun, and Li Zhen Fan. "LiFePO₄/Porous Carbon Nanocomposite Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries." Materials Science Forum 722 (June 2012): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.722.11.

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A LiFePO4/porous carbon nanocomposite was synthesized by using spontaneous precipitation combined with solid-state reaction. The microstructure, morphology and electrochemical properties of as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), differential thermal analysis (TGA) and charge-discharge cycling tests. The results reveal that LiFePO4 particles are well-dispersed into porous carbon framework. The initial discharge of nanocomposite is 143 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and 114 mAh g-1 at 1 C with satisfactory capacity retention. The superior electrochemical performance of the composites can be attributed to the nano-confined effect of conducting porous carbon and the nano-size of LiFePO4 particles in LiFePO4/porous carbon nanocomposite.

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H. Ragab, Ahmed, Hala S. Hussein, Inas A. Ahmed, Khamael M. Abualnaja, and Najla AlMasoud. "An Efficient Strategy for Enhancing the Adsorption of Antibiotics and Drugs from Aqueous Solutions Using an Effective Limestone-Activated Carbon–Alginate Nanocomposite." Molecules 26, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 5180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175180.

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Based on the adsorption performance of a porous nanocomposite with limestone (LS), activated carbon (AC) and sodium alginate (SG), a unique, multifunctional LS–AC–SG nanocomposite absorbent was designed and prepared for extracting antibiotics and drugs from aqueous solutions. The composite exhibited the following advantages: quick and simple to prepare, multifunctionality and high efficiency. Amoxicillin (AMX) and diclofenac (DCF) were chosen as the conventional antibiotic and the drug, respectively. The prepared nanocomposite’s physicochemical characteristics were calculated through numerous characterization methods. The structure of the surface was made up of interconnected pores that can easily confine pollutants. The surface area was measured to be 27.85 m2/g through BET analysis. The results show that the maximum absorption capacity of amoxicillin and diclofenac was 99.6% and 98.4%, respectively, at a contact time of 40 min. The maximum removal of amoxicillin and diclofenac was reached at pH = 2. Adsorption analysis revealed that adsorption isotherm and kinetic data matched the pseudo-first-order kinetic and the Langmuir isotherm models. The results imply that the synthesized nanocomposites have the capacity to remove amoxicillin (AMX) and diclofenac (DCF) from aqueous solutions.

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Vasile, E., A. Serafim, D. Petre, D. Giol, P. Dubruel, H. Iovu, and I. C. Stancu. "Direct Synthesis and Morphological Characterization of Gold-Dendrimer Nanocomposites Prepared Using PAMAM Succinamic Acid Dendrimers: Preliminary Study of the Calcification Potential." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/103462.

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Gold-dendrimer nanocomposites were obtained for the first time by a simple colloidal approach based on the use of polyamidoamine dendrimers with succinamic acid terminal groups and dodecanediamine core. Spherical and highly crystalline nanoparticles with dimensions between 3 nm and 60 nm, and size-polydispersity depending on the synthesis conditions, have been generated. The influence of the stoichiometric ratio and the structural and architectural features of the dendrimers on the properties of the nanocomposites has been described. The self-assembling behaviour of these materials produces gold-dendrimer nanostructured porous networks with variable density, porosity, and composition. The investigations of the reaction systems, by TEM, at two postsynthesis moments, allowed to preliminary establish the control over the properties of the nanocomposite products. Furthermore, this study allowed better understanding of the mechanism of nanocomposite generation. Impressively, in the early stages of the synthesis, the organization of gold inside the dendrimer molecules has been evidenced by micrographs. Growth and ripening mechanisms further lead to nanoparticles with typical characteristics. The potential of such nanocomposite particles to induce calcification when coating a polymer substrate was also investigated.

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Martins, Pedro M., Joana M. Ribeiro, Sara Teixeira, Dmitri Y. Petrovykh, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, Luciana Pereira, and Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez. "Photocatalytic Microporous Membrane against the Increasing Problem of Water Emerging Pollutants." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2019): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101649.

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Emerging pollutants are an essential class of recalcitrant contaminants that are not eliminated from water after conventional treatment. Here, a photocatalytic microporous membrane based on polyvinylidene difluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (PVDF−TrFE) with immobilised TiO2 nanoparticles, prepared by solvent casting, was tested against representative emerging pollutants. The structure and composition of these polymeric membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, porosimetry, and contact angle goniometry. The nanocomposites exhibited a porous structure with a uniform distribution of TiO2 nanoparticles. The addition of TiO2 did not change the structure of the polymeric matrix; however, it increased the wettability of the nanocomposite. The nanocomposites degraded 99% of methylene blue (MB), 95% of ciprofloxacin (CIP), and 48% of ibuprofen (IBP). The microporous nanocomposite exhibited no photocatalytic efficiency loss after four use cycles, corresponding to 20 h of UV irradiation. The reusability of this system confirms the promising nature of polymer nanocomposites as the basis for cost-effective and scalable treatments of emerging pollutants.

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Ilango, K., P. Prabunathan, E. Satheeshkumar, and P. Manohar. "Design of low dielectric constant polybenzoxazine nanocomposite using mesoporous mullite." High Performance Polymers 29, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008316632289.

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In this present work, porous mullites (PM0–5) were synthesized through a template-assisted method using various weight percentages of pluronic (P-123). PM5 obtained using 10 wt% of P-123 was found to show maximum porosity (3.8 Å) and low dielectric constant value (2.4). PM5 was functionalized using glycidyl-terminated silane and denoted as FPM and various weight percentages of FPM were reinforced with polybenzoxazine (PBZ) matrix in order to develop FPM/PBZ nanocomposites. The thermal studies indicate that 1.5 wt% of FPM/PBZ nanocomposite showed improved thermal stability with 34% char yield at 800°C and 162°C as glass transition temperature. It also exhibits low dielectric constant (2.6) than that of the neat PBZ matrix and other FPM/PBZ nanocomposites. The microscopic analysis confirms the homogenous dispersion of FPM into the PBZ polymer that has a porous morphology. The results suggest that the as-synthesized mesoporous mullite with low dielectric constant ( k), synthesized via template-assisted method can be used as a reinforcement to decrease the dielectric constant of polymeric material, which is of industrial significance.

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Herren, Blake, Mohammad Charara, Mrinal C. Saha, M. Cengiz Altan, and Yingtao Liu. "Rapid Microwave Polymerization of Porous Nanocomposites with Piezoresistive Sensing Function." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020233.

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In this paper, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites with piezoresistive sensing function were fabricated using microwave irradiation. The effects of precuring time on the mechanical and electrical properties of nanocomposites were investigated. The increased viscosity and possible nanofiller re-agglomeration during the precuring process caused decreased microwave absorption, resulting in extended curing times, and decreased porosity and electrical conductivity in the cured nanocomposites. The porosity generated during the microwave-curing process was investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and density measurements. Increased loadings of MWCNTs resulted in shortened curing times and an increased number of small well-dispersed closed-cell pores. The mechanical properties of the synthesized nanocomposites including stress–strain behaviors and Young’s Modulus were examined. Experimental results demonstrated that the synthesized nanocomposites with 2.5 wt. % MWCNTs achieved the highest piezoresistive sensitivity with an average gauge factor of 7.9 at 10% applied strain. The piezoresistive responses of these nanocomposites were characterized under compressive loads at various maximum strains, loading rates, and under viscoelastic stress relaxation conditions. The 2.5 wt. % nanocomposite was successfully used in an application as a skin-attachable compression sensor for human motion detection including squeezing a golf ball.

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Barbaros, Ismail, Yongmin Yang, Babak Safaei, Zhicheng Yang, Zhaoye Qin, and Mohammed Asmael. "State-of-the-art review of fabrication, application, and mechanical properties of functionally graded porous nanocomposite materials." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 321–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0017.

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Abstract Functionally graded porous (FGP) nanocomposites are the most promising materials among the manufacturing and materials sector due to their adjustable physical, mechanical, and operational properties for distinctive engineering applications for maximized efficiency. Therefore, investigating the underlying physical and materialistic phenomena of such materials is vital. This research was conducted to analyze the preparation, fabrication, applications, and elastic properties of functionally graded materials (FGMs). The research investigated for both porous and nonporous synthesis, preparation, and manufacturing methods for ceramics, metallic, and polymeric nanocomposites in the first section, which is followed by deep research of the development of elastic properties of the above-mentioned materials. Main nano-reinforcing agents used in FGMs to improve elastic properties were found to be graphene platelets, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers. In addition, research studied the impact of nano-reinforcing agent on the elastic properties of the FGMs. Shape, size, composition, and distribution of nano-reinforcing agents were analyzed and classified. Furthermore, the research concentrated on modeling of FGP nanocomposites. Extensive mathematical, numerical, and computational modeling were analyzed and classified for different engineering analysis types including buckling, thermal, vibrational, thermoelasticity, static, and dynamic bending. Finally, manufacturing and design methods regarding different materials were summarized. The most common results found in this study are that the addition of reinforcement units to any type of porous and nonporous nanocomposites significantly increases materialistic and material properties. To extend, compressive and tensile stresses, buckling, vibrational, elastic, acoustical, energy absorption, and stress distribution endurance are considerably enhanced when reinforcing is applied to porous and nonporous nanocomposite assemblies. Ultimately, the review concluded that the parameters such as shape, size, composition, and distribution of the reinforcing units are vital in terms of determining the final mechanical and materialistic properties of nanocomposites.

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Wang, Dong, Yong Yan, Peter Schaaf, Thomas Sharp, Sven Schönherr, Carsten Ronning, and Ran Ji. "ZnO/porous-Si and TiO2/porous-Si nanocomposite nanopillars." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 33, no. 1 (January 2015): 01A102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4891104.

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Adhikari, Surya Prasad. "Porous metal oxide-carbon composite with hollow structure for energy storage applications." Journal of Innovations in Engineering Education 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiee.v2i1.36678.

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Nanocomposite structure of porous hollow TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) sheets were directly fabricated by means of a novel electrospinning combined with calcination process. Owing to the high porosity, these nanostructured demonstrate enhanced energy storage properties when used in supercapacitors (SCs). Nanomaterials in particular offer unique properties or combinations of properties as electrodes and electrolytes in a range of energy devices. The energy storage behavior of electrochemical capacitors (ECs) made from TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectra. These tests showed that the supercapacitive performance of g-C3N4 was significantly enhanced after attaching porous TiO2 nanofibers.

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Ahamad, Tansir, Mu Naushad, Mohd Ubaidullah, and Saad Alshehri. "Fabrication of Highly Porous Polymeric Nanocomposite for the Removal of Radioactive U(VI) and Eu(III) Ions from Aqueous Solution." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 2940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122940.

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In the present study, a polymeric nanocomposite, CoFe2O4@DHBF, was fabricated using 2,4 dihydroxybenzaldehyde and formaldehyde in basic medium with CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The fabricated nanocomposite was characterized using FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS analyses. The analytical results revealed that the magnetic nanocomposite was fabricated successfully with high surface area 370.24 m2/g. The fabricated CoFe2O4@DHBF was used as an efficient adsorbent for the adsorption of U(VI) and Eu(III) ions from contaminated water. pH, initial concentration, adsorption time, and the temperature of the contaminated water solution affecting the adsorption ability of the nanocomposites were studied. The batch adsorption results exposed that the adsorption capacity for the removal of U(VI) and Eu(III) was found to be 237.5 and 225.5 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics support that both the metal ions follow second order adsorption kinetics. The adsorption isotherm well fits with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the correlation coefficient (R2) values were found to be 0.9920 and 0.9913 for the adsorption of U(VI) and Eu(III), respectively. It was noticed that the fabricated nanocomposites show excellent regeneration ability and about 220.1 and 211.3 mg/g adsorption capacity remains with U(VI) and Eu(III) under optimum conditions.

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Lu, Hailong, Lili Zhang, Jinxia Ma, Nur Alam, Xiaofan Zhou, and Yonghao Ni. "Nano-Cellulose/MOF Derived Carbon Doped CuO/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite as High Efficient Catalyst for Organic Pollutant Remedy." Nanomaterials 9, no. 2 (February 16, 2019): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020277.

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Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based derivatives are attracting increased interest in various research fields. In this study, nano-cellulose MOF-derived carbon-doped CuO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via direct calcination of magnetic Cu-BTC MOF (HKUST-1)/Fe3O4/cellulose microfibril (CMF) composites in air. The morphology, structure, and porous properties of carbon-doped CuO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were characterized using SEM, TEM, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The results show that the as-prepared nanocomposite catalyst is composed of Fe3O4, CuO, and carbon. Compared to the CuO/Fe3O4 catalyst from HKUST-1/Fe3O4 composite and CuO from HKUST-1, this carbon-doped CuO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite catalyst shows better catalytic efficiency in reduction reactions of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), methylene blue (MB), and methyl orange (MO) in the presence of NaBH4. The enhanced catalytic performance of carbon-doped CuO/Fe3O4 is attributed to effects of carbon preventing the aggregation of CuO/Fe3O4 and providing high surface-to-volume ratio and chemical stability. Moreover, this nanocomposite catalyst is readily recoverable using an external magnet due to its superparamagnetic behavior. The recyclability/reuse of carbon-doped CuO/Fe3O4 was also investigated.

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Bakhtiari, L., Hamid Reza Rezaie, S. M. Hosseinalipour, and Mohammad A. Shokrgozar. "Preparation of Porous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate-Gelatin Nanocomposite for Bone Tissue Engineering." Journal of Nano Research 11 (May 2010): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.11.67.

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A new porous structure as a bone tissue engineering scaffold was developed by a freeze-drying method. The porous nanocomposite was prepared from Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) which was a mixture of 70% hydroxy apatite and 30%ß-TCP (ß-Tricalcium Phosphate). Porogen was naphthalene and gelatin from bovine skin type B was used as polymer. Gelatin was stabilized with EDC (N-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-N´-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride) by a cross-linking method. The scaffold was characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), Fourier-Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biocompatibility of this nanocomposite carried out through MTT (3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole) cell viability assay. Also other properties of scaffold such as morphology, grain size, bending strength were investigated. Highly porous structure with interconnected porosities, good mechanical behavior and high biocompatibility with bone tissue, were benefits of this porous nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering.

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Alzahrani, Fatimah Mohammed, Norah Salem Alsaiari, Khadijah Mohammedsaleh Katubi, Abdelfattah Amari, Abubakr M. Elkhaleefa, Faouzi Ben Rebah, and Mohamed A. Tahoon. "Magnetic Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Nanocomposite for Pb(II) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 4809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164809.

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We report in the present study the in situ formation of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 or Fe) within porous N-doped carbon (Fe3O4/N@C) via simple impregnation, polymerization, and calcination sequentially. The synthesized nanocomposite structural properties were investigated using different techniques showing its good construction. The formed nanocomposite showed a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 23.0 emu g−1 due to the implanted magnetic nanoparticles and high surface area from the porous N-doped carbon. The nanocomposite was formed as graphite-type layers. The well-synthesized nanocomposite showed a high adsorption affinity toward Pb2+ toxic ions. The nanosorbent showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 250.0 mg/g toward the Pb2+ metallic ions at pH of 5.5, initial Pb2+ concentration of 180.0 mg/L, and room temperature. Due to its superparamagnetic characteristics, an external magnet was used for the fast separation of the nanocomposite. This enabled the study of the nanocomposite reusability toward Pb2+ ions, showing good chemical stability even after six cycles. Subsequently, Fe3O4/N@C nanocomposite was shown to have excellent efficiency for the removal of toxic Pb2+ ions from water.

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Davidenko, N. A., G. V. Kuznetsov, and Yu S. Milovanov. "Cadmium Sulfide-Porous Silicon Nanocomposite Structures." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 58, no. 2 (February 2013): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe58.02.0163.

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Chu, Zonglin, and Stefan Seeger. "Multifunctional Hybrid Porous Micro-/Nanocomposite Materials." Advanced Materials 27, no. 47 (October 26, 2015): 7775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503502.

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Kundana, N., M. Venkatapathy, V. Neeraja, Chandra Sekhar Espenti, Venkata Ramana Jeedi, and V. Madhusudhana Reddy. "Effect of Zr-Nanofiller on Structural and Thermal Properties of PVDF-co-HFP Porous Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Doped with Mg2+ Ions." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.26893.

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New poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP)/ZrO2-based nanocomposite porous polymer membranes were prepared with doping of magnesium ions using THF as solvent. These membranes were prepared using the solvent casting technique. The optimal nanofiller (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% Zr nanopowder) was incorporated into the PVDF-co-HFP/MgTf3/ZrO2 and the incorporation of the nanofiller results in an increase in the porosity of the prepared membranes. The structural, morphological and thermal properties of the nanocomposite porous polymer membranes were also investigated. The structural investigation and the identification of functional groups were accomplished using FTIR technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to ascertain the phase of polymer membranes and the phase change that happens upon interaction with nanofiller and Mg2+ ions. Assessment of the nanocomposite porous polymer membrane's morphology and porous structure was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). DSC analysis was used to evaluate the thermal behaviour of the nanocomposite porous membranes. The electrical and dielectric studies confirmed the structural reformation of the polymer electrolyte materials. It was found that 8% nanofiller is the best conducting composition for maximum ionic conductivity, dielectric constant and Mg2+ ion mobility. The incorporation of ZrO2 nanofiller predominantly increases the number of free ions and mobility of the charge carriers in the composite polymer electrolyte systems.

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Zhang, Guo Ge, Hai Tao Huang, Helen Lai Wah Chan, and Li Min Zhou. "Porous Barium Strontium Titanate-Titania Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Applications." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 936–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.936.

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Porous barium strontium titanate−titania (BST−TiO2) nanocomposite was developed by the combination of electrochemical anodization and hydrothermal synthesis. Self organized titania nanotube arrays were first fabricated by electrochemical anodization of titanium foil in 0.2 wt.% HF. The as-anodized titania was then used as a template and was subject to a hydrothermal treatment in the solution mixture of barium hydroxide and strontium hydroxide with different molar ratios. Well crystallized barium strontium titanate was developed directly from the titania nanotubes. Annealing was carried out to transform residual amorphous titania to crystallized anatase, resulting in the porous BST−TiO2 nanocomposite. The surface morphology and structure of the nanocomposite were characterized. The photoelectrochemical response of the BST−TiO2 composite was investigated and the photocatalytic property was evaluated through the photo-decomposition of an organic dye solution. The effect of hydrothermal parameters on the surface morphology and the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite was studied.

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Sleptsov, V. V., L. V. Kozitov, A. O. Diteleva, D. Yu Kukushkin, and A. A. Nagaev. "A new generation of nanocomposite materials based on carbon and titanium for use in supercapacitor energy storage devices." Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering 22, no. 3 (January 19, 2020): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577-2019-3-212-218.

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In this paper, promising nanocomposite materials based on carbon and titanium are considered. It is shown that the use of a highly porous matrix is of particular interest. Materials based on such matrices have minimal weight and high strength characteristics. The paper also describes composites based on porous carbon fibers with metal oxides. The directions for producing composites can be divided into three types: matrix method, coating of finished nanoparticles with an inert shell, and the formation of nanoparticles and matrices in one process. The coating of nanoparticles with an inert shell prevents their oxidation and preserves the necessary magnetic properties. When using methods such as IR pyrolysis, arc evaporation forms third-party metal-carbon phases that pollute the resulting material. To avoid this, reducing agents are used, for example, hydrogen when coking nanoparticles in a methane plasma current restores metal particles from its Sol-gel and prevents them from reacting with carbon. But with this method, it is difficult to control the particle size. Using a ready-made matrix allows you to control the size of nanoparticles. However, this method uses high temperatures, and sometimes hydrogen, which complicates the production process. The main problem in the field of nanocomposites is the search for more technological, simple, cheap and environmentally friendly methods for obtaining nanocomposites with high performance characteristics. The developed technology for forming the pore space of the initial carbon matrix does not have the above disadvantages. This technology has a simple, cheap, environmentally friendly design. high temperatures are not used in the process of producing nanocomposites and third-party metal-carbon phases are not formed. The resulting nanocomposite materials were used as electrodes for ultra-high-volume capacitor structures. When studying the capacitance and electrical characteristics of samples, it was found that the formation of metal on a porous carbon matrix can significantly reduce the internal resistance of the cell and increase the specific energy consumption.

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Mukhurov, N. I., I. V. Gasenkova, S. P. Zhvavyi, and E. E. Kolesnik. "Optical Characteristics of Porous Alumina Modified by Chromium Oxide." International Journal of Nanoscience 18, no. 03n04 (March 26, 2019): 1940031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x19400313.

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In this paper, the chromium ions luminescence in Cr2O3/Al2O3 nanocomposites has been studied. No photoluminescence from the nanocomposite was observed at room temperature, while at liquid nitrogen temperature the two broad bands were detected at 497 and 665[Formula: see text]nm caused by [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-type oxygen vacancies and Cr[Formula: see text] and Mn[Formula: see text]impurity centers. The photoluminescence band observed at 616[Formula: see text]nm is attributed to Cr[Formula: see text] ions. The excitation of Cr[Formula: see text] ions occurs at 265 and 375[Formula: see text]nm, and their formation is the result of Cr[Formula: see text]–Cr[Formula: see text] redox processes on the surface of Cr2O3 crystallites at the annealing temperatures of 400–[Formula: see text]C.

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Karimi, Loghman. "Combination of mesoporous titanium dioxide with MoS2 nanosheets for high photocatalytic activity." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2017-0028.

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Abstract This study presents a facile approach for the preparation of MoS2 nanosheet decorated by porous titanium dioxide with effective photocatalytic activity. Mesoporous titanium dioxide nanostructures first synthesized by a hydrothermal process using titanium (III) chloride and then the MoS2/TiO2 were prepared through mixing of MoS2 nanosheet with mesoporous titanium dioxide under ultrasonic irradiation. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The results showed that the nanocomposite has mesoporous structure with specific surface area of 176.4 m2/g and pore diameter of 20 nm. The as-prepared MoS2/TiO2 nanocomposites exhibited outstanding photocatalytic activity for dye degradation under sunlight irradiation, which could be attributed to synergistic effect between the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet and mesoporous titanium dioxide. The photocatalytic performance achieved is about 2.2 times higher than that of mesoporous TiO2 alone. It is believed that the extended light absorption ability and the large specific surface area of the 2D MoS2 nanosheets in the nanocomposite, leading to the enhanced photocatalytic degradation activity.

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Quang Dat, Do, Lam Van Nang, Chu Manh Hung, Chu Thi Xuan, Nguyen Van Duy, and Nguyen Duc Hoa. "Preparation and Gas Sensing Properties of rGO/CuO Nanocomposites." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ac5c7f.

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Gas sensors are instrumental in the control and monitoring of air pollution. A facile fabrication method for low-cost gas sensors with high sensitivity and a fast response time is crucial in practical applications. Here, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)–CuO nanocomposites were synthesized for gas-sensing applications using a facile hydrothermal method. The crystal structure, surface morphology, and electrical properties of the nanocomposites were inferred from X-ray powder diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopic images, and current–voltage (I–V) measurements, respectively. The results confirmed a high-quality rGO–CuO material with a spherical flower-like morphology. The CuO material showed a single-phase monoclinic crystal structure with an average crystal size of ∼21 nm. Within the composite, high-quality rGO was incorporated into the porous spherical flower-like CuO material. In gas-sensing measurements, the rGO–CuO nanocomposite detected NO2 gas at low concentrations (1–5 ppm) with reasonably high response values and a fast response time (<1 min). An rGO–CuO nanocomposite-based sensor was fabricated, showing good repeatability for practical applications.

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Han, Bai, Chuqi Yin, Jiaxin Chang, Yu Pang, Penghao Lv, Wei Song, and Xuan Wang. "Study on the Structure and Dielectric Properties of Zeolite/LDPE Nanocomposite under Thermal Aging." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092108.

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Nanodoping is an effective way to improve the dielectric properties and the aging resistance of polyethylene. Nano-zeolite has a nano-level porous structure and larger specific surface area than ordinary nano-inorganic oxide, which can be used to improve dielectric properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposite. The zeolite/LDPE nanocomposites were prepared and subjected to thermal aging treatment to obtain samples with different aging time. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test to study the microscopic and structure characteristics, it was found that nano-zeolite doping can effectively reduce the thermal aging damage to the internal structure of the nanocomposite; carbonyl and hydroxyl decreased significantly during the thermal aging time, and the crystallinity effectively improved. Nano-zeolite doping significantly improved the morphology and strengthened the aging resistance of the nanocomposite. In the dielectric strength test, it was found that nanodoping can effectively improve the direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) breakdown field strength and the stability after the thermal aging. The dielectric constant of nanocomposite can be reduced, and the dielectric loss had no obvious change during the aging process. Moreover, the zeolite/LDPE nanocomposite with the doping concentration of 1 wt % had the best performance, for the nano-zeolite was better dispersed.

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Fatimah, Is, Habibi Hidayat, Gani Purwiandono, Khoirunisa Khoirunisa, Hasna Azizah Zahra, Rahmania Audita, and Suresh Sagadevan. "Green Synthesis of Antibacterial Nanocomposite of Silver Nanoparticle-Doped Hydroxyapatite Utilizing Curcuma longa Leaf Extract and Land Snail (Achatina fulica) Shell Waste." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, no. 2 (June 20, 2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13020084.

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Preparation of green synthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNPs)-doped hydroxyapatite (Ag/HA) utilizing Curcuma longa leaf extract and land snail (Achatina fulica) shell waste was performed. Physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial activity of Ag/HA composite as a function of Ag content was studied. Instrumental analysis such as XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, and XPS were employed to characterize the nanocomposites. The physicochemical study revealed the maintained porous structure of HA after Ag immobilization, and from TEM analyses, it was found that the distributed spherical particles are associated with the dispersed Ag and have a particle diameter of around 5–25 nm. Antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Kliebsiella pneumonia, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The results showed that the varied Ag content (1.0; 1.6; and 2.4% wt) influenced the nanoparticle distribution in the nanocomposite and enhanced the antibacterial feature.

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Stodolak-Zych, Ewa, Magdalena Szumera, and Marta Blazewicz. "Osteoconductive Nanocomposite Materials for Bone Regeneration." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.38.

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Bone defect is one of the most important problem in orthopaedic therapy in which application of a biomaterial filling is necessary. Such material should be biocompatible, osteoconductive and porous as well as bioactive and compatible with the bone tissue. Subject of the work was investigations on nanocomposite membrane materials which consisted on synthetic polymer – poly-e-caprolactone (PCL) matrix and ceramic nanoparticles; tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and silica (SiO2) as a nano-filler. The nanocomposite membrane materials were produced by two-step dispersion of the nanoparticles in the biopolymer matrix. Characteristic of nanoparticles were made using transmission electron microscope (TEM), distribution of nanoparticles size (DLS) and specific surface area (BET). The morphology of nanocomposites and homogenous distribution of nanoadditives were made using scanning electron microscope with EDS analysis. Introduction of the nanofillers into the polymer matrix was monitored by thermal analysis method (TG-DCS). It was shown that the TCP nanoparticles affected stronger pore size and distribution but also the polymer structure (crystallity, physicochemical properties of the surface). Treatment of the nanocomposite samples in the simulated body fluid (SBF) induced some changes on the surface of the material containing bioactive ceramic nanoparticles. The results of the tests with SBF showed that the material is able to produce apatite structure on its surface (EDS analysis)

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Cui, Xu, Jiayu Tian, Yin Yu, Aron Chand, Shuocheng Zhang, Qingshi Meng, Xiaodong Li, and Shuo Wang. "Multifunctional Graphene-Based Composite Sponge." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020329.

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Although graphene has been widely used as a nano-filler to enhance the conductivity of porous materials, it is still an unsatisfactory requirement to prepare graphene-based sponge porous materials by simple and low-cost methods to enhance their mechanical properties and make them have good sensing and capacitive properties. Graphene platelets (GnPs) were prepared by the thermal expansion method. Graphene-based sponge porous materials were prepared by a simple method. A flexible sensor was formed and supercapacitors were assembled. Compared with other graphene-based composites, the graphene-based composite sponge has good electrical response under bending and torsion loading. Under 180° bending and torsion loading, the maximum resistance change rate can reach 13.9% and 52.5%, respectively. The linearity under tension is 0.01. The mechanical properties and capacitance properties of the sponge nanocomposites were optimized when the filler fraction was 1.43 wt.%. The tensile strength was 0.236 MPa and capacitance was 21.4 F/g. In cycles, the capacitance retention rate is 94.45%. The experimental results show that the graphene-based sponge porous material can be used as a multifunctional flexible sensor and supercapacitor, and it is a promising and multifunctional porous nanocomposite material.

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44

Ванина, П. Ю., A. Cizman, E. Rysiakiewicz-Pasek, A. Hoser, A. A. Набережнов та A. A. Сысоева. "Влияние ограниченной геометрии на структуру и фазовые переходы в наночастицах нитрата калия". Физика твердого тела 60, № 3 (2018): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2018.03.45541.11d.

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AbstractThe effect of restricted geometry and thermal prehistory of sample preparation on phase transitions in nanocomposites on base of porous glasses with average pore diameters 7 and 46 nm filled by potassium nitrate have been studied by X-rays and neutron diffraction. The nanoparticle sizes have been determined and phase diagrams (on cooling) for these nanoparticles have been described. It is shown that there is a critical nanoparticle size in the interval from 30 till 20 nm, at which in nanocomposite the ferroelectric phase is realized only regardless of preparation method.

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Fort, Carmen I., Mihai M. Rusu, Lucian C. Pop, Liviu C. Cotet, Adriana Vulpoi, Monica Baia, and Lucian Baia. "Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Xerogel Based Composites for Electrochemical Sensing and Photocatalytic Degradation." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 2323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18963.

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In order to obtain a multifunctional nanocomposite material-for electrochemical sensors and photocatalytic applications, structures based on Bi, Fe and TiO2 were grown inside carbon xerogel supports (BiFeCX and BiFeCX-TiO2). First, a wet polymer containing Bi and Fe salts was obtained by following a modified resorcinol-formaldehyde based sol–gel route, followed by drying in ambient conditions, and pyrolysis under inert atmosphere. Then, through TiCl4 hydrolysis, TiO2 nanoparticles were deposited on the BiFeCX xerogel leading to BiFeCX-TiO2. The morphological and structural characterization of the investigated nanocomposites consisted in X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and N2 adsorption measurements, revealing porous carbon structures with embedded nanoparticles and the particularities driven by the pyrolysis and TiCl4 treatment. The new modified electrodes based on BiFeCX or BiFeCX-TiO2 nanocomposite materials, kept in a chitosan matrix (Chi) and deposited on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface (GC/Chi-BiFeCX or GC/Chi-BiFeCX-TiO2), were obtained and investigated for Pb(II) voltammetric detection and H2O2 amperometric detection. Moreover, the BiFeCX-TiO2 nanocomposite was tested for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. The great potential of BiFeCX nanocomposite material for developing electrochemical sensors, or BiFeCX-TiO2 for sensors application and photocatalytic application was demonstrated.

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Idarraga-Mora, Jaime A., Anthony S. Childress, Parker S. Friedel, David A. Ladner, Apparao Rao, and Scott Husson. "Role of Nanocomposite Support Stiffness on TFC Membrane Water Permeance." Membranes 8, no. 4 (November 18, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes8040111.

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This paper discusses the role played by the mechanical stiffness of porous nanocomposite supports on thin-film composite (TFC) membrane water permeance. Helically coiled and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were studied as additives in the nanocomposite supports. Mechanical stiffness was evaluated using tensile tests and penetration tests. While a low loading of CNTs caused macrovoids that decreased the structural integrity, adding higher loads of CNTs compensated for this effect, and this resulted in a net increase in structural stiffness. It was found that the Young’s modulus of the nanocomposite supports increased by 30% upon addition of CNTs at 2 wt %. Results were similar for both types of CNTs. An empirical model for porous composite materials described the Young’s modulus results. The nanocomposite supports were subsequently used to create TFC membranes. TFC membranes with stiffer supports were more effective at preventing declines in water permeance during compression. These findings support the idea that increasing the mechanical stiffness of TFC membrane nanocomposite supports is an effective strategy for enhancing water production in desalination operations.

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Zeng, Huihui, Baolin Xing, Lunjian Chen, Guiyun Yi, Guangxu Huang, Ruifu Yuan, Chuanxiang Zhang, Yijun Cao, and Zhengfei Chen. "Nitrogen-Doped Porous Co3O4/Graphene Nanocomposite for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091253.

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A novel approach is developed to synthesize a nitrogen-doped porous Co3O4/anthracite-derived graphene (Co3O4/AG) nanocomposite through a combined self-assembly and heat treatment process using resource-rich anthracite as a carbonaceous precursor. The nanocomposite contains uniformly distributed Co3O4 nanoparticles with a size smaller than 8 nm on the surface of porous graphene, and exhibits a specific surface area (120 m2·g−1), well-developed mesopores distributed at 3~10 nm, and a high level of nitrogen doping (5.4 at. %). These unique microstructure features of the nanocomposite can offer extra active sites and efficient pathways during the electrochemical reaction, which are conducive to improvement of the electrochemical performance for the anode material. The Co3O4/AG electrode possesses a high reversible capacity of 845 mAh·g−1 and an excellent rate capacity of 587 mAh·g−1. Furthermore, a good cyclic stability of 510 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles at 500 mA·g−1 is maintained. Therefore, this work could provide an economical and effective route for the large-scale application of a Co3O4/AG nanocomposite as an excellent anode material in lithium-ion batteries.

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MINAKOV, G. S., S. A. SHIROKIKH, D. YU KORNILOV, and M. YU KOROLEVA. "Porous Polymer Nanocomposite Materials for Environmental Protection." Chemistry for Sustainable Development 30, no. 1 (2022): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/csd2022358.

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MINAKOV, G. S., S. A. SHIROKIKH, D. YU KORNILOV, and M. YU KOROLEVA. "Porous Polymer Nanocomposite Materials for Environmental Protection." Chemistry for Sustainable Development 30, no. 1 (2022): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/csd2022358.

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Wu, Zhiying, Ping Zhang, Haihui Zhang, Xiaotian Li, Yunfeng He, Peiwu Qin, and Canhui Yang. "Tough porous nanocomposite hydrogel for water treatment." Journal of Hazardous Materials 421 (January 2022): 126754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126754.

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