Дисертації з теми "Population outbreak"
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Guy, Lionel, Cecilia Jernberg, Jenny Arven Norling, Sofie Ivarsson, Ingela Hedenstrom, Ojar Melefors, Ulrika Liljedahl, Lars Engstrand, and Siv G. E. Andersson. "Adaptive Mutations and Replacements of Virulence Traits in the Escherichia coli O104:H4 Outbreak Population." Uppsala universitet, Molekylär evolution, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202921.
Повний текст джерелаCufos, Nádia Soraia Segredo Spiro. "Genetic analysis of Theileria orientalis population in cattle following a theileriosis outbreak in Victoria, Australia." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4992.
Повний текст джерелаBovine theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by one or more haemoprotozoan parasites of the genus Theileria. In the past, Theileria infection in cattle in Australia was largely asymptomatic and recognized to be associated with Theileria buffeli. However, in the recent years, outbreaks of theileriosis have occurred in beef and dairy cattle in subtropical climatic regions (New South Wales) of Australia. There is also one published report of a recent theileriosis outbreak on a beef farm near Seymour in the south-eastern state of Victoria. In order to gain an improved insight into the genetic composition of Theileria populations following this outbreak, we undertook herein an integrated PCR-coupled mutation scanning-sequencing-phylogenetic analysis of sequence variation in part of the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene within and among samples from cattle involved in the outbreak. Theileria DNA was detected in 89.4% of 94 cattle on the Seymour farm; the genetic analysis showed that the ikeda and chitose genotypes representing the Theileria orientalis complex were detected in 75% and 4.8% of 84 infected cattle, respectively, and that mixed populations of these two genotypes were found in 20.2% of infected cattle. Given unpublished reports of a significant increase in the number of outbreaks in Victoria, future investigations should focus sharply on elucidating the epidemiology of Theileria to subvert the economic impact on the cattle industry in this state. Although used here to explore genetic variation within the T. orientalis complex in Australia, a mutation scanning-based approach has broad applicability to other species of Theileria in other countries.
RESUMO - ANÁLISE GENÉTICA DE POPULAÇÕES DE THEILERIA ORIENTALIS, EM BOVINOS, APÓS UM SURTO DE THEILERIOSE EM VITORIA, AUSTRÁLIA - A teileriose é uma doença transmitida por carraças e causada por hemoprotozoários pertencentes a uma ou mais espécies do género Theileria. Historicamente, a infecção de gado na Austrália, com este parasita, é considerada assintomática e associada especificamente à espécie Theileria buffeli. Contudo, nos últimos anos, surtos de teileriose têm ocorrido tanto em explorações de carne como de leite em regiões de clima subtropical da Austrália (Nova Gales do Sul). Recentemente foi publicado um relatório, correspondente a um surto de teileriose perto de Seymour, Victoria, um estado a sudeste do país. A fim de obter uma melhor compreensão sobre a composição genética das populações de Theileria envolvidas neste surto, foi levado a cabo um sistema de análise integrada de PCR - análise de mutações – sequenciação– filogenia, das variações existentes na sequência de parte do gene codificador da principal proteína de superfície do piroplasma (major piroplasm surface protein – MPSP), dentro e entre diferentes amostras provenientes de animais residentes na exploração envolvida no surto. O ADN do parasita foi detectado em 89,4% de 94 bovinos testados, na exploração de Seymour e a subsequente análise genética mostrou que os genótipos Ikeda e Chitose, representativos do complexo formado por diferentes estirpes pertencentes à espécie Theileria orientalis, foram detectados em 75% e 4,8% de 84 animais infectados, respectivamente, e que populações mistas compostas por ambos os genótipos foram detectadas em 20,2% desses mesmos animais. Dado que, relatórios não publicados apontam para um aumento significativo do número de surtos de teileriose em Victoria, futuras investigações deverão centrar-se fortemente na elucidação da epidemiologia deste parasita, a fim de avaliar o impacto económico que este poderá ter sobre a indústria bovina neste Estado. Ademais, apesar de usados neste estudo para explorar a variação genética das populações de T. orientalis na Austrália, uma abordagem baseada na análise de mutações tem ampla aplicabilidade para outras espécies de Theileria presentes em outros países.
Nel, Petrus Johannes. "An outbreak of equine sarcoid in a population of Cape Mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) a retrospective study /." Diss., Electronic thesis, 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05092008-160050/.
Повний текст джерелаCheatwood, Joseph Laton. "An outbreak of fungal dermatitis and stomatitis in a wild population of pigmy rattlesnakes, Sistrurus miliarius barbouri, in Florida description, factors, cyclicity, and prevention /." [Florida] : State University System of Florida, 2000. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/ane5876.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 66 p.; also contains graphics. Abstract copied from student-submitted information. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-65).
Fatima, Abdouchakour. "Réservoir environnemental, persistance et succès épidémiologique des populations de Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans un hôpital." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT102/document.
Повний текст джерелаPseudomonas aeruginosa is an environmental pathogen that growths in water and plumbing systems. In hospital, the rate of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) and outbreaks caused by P. aeruginosa raised questions about the cycle of its transmission to human beings in the hospital environment. P. aeruginosa epidemiology at the Montpellier Academic Hospital allowed to collect 730 strains isolated over a 9-years period. This collection is representative of various environmental niches and two marked epidemiological periods. Clinical strains involved in outbreak events and serious infections were also included in the study. Genetic and phenetic analysis were performed with the aim to understand structure, dynamics and persistence of P. aeruginosa populations in various hospital reservoirs as well as the relationships between environmental reservoirs and epidemic success of P. aeruginosa.The experimental study, organized in 3 parts, produced the following major results. Medical and technological reservoirs of P. aeruginosa are highly dynamic and clonal emergence occurs in these systems, particularly in relation with networks decontamination by biocides. At the hospital scale, environmental reservoirs are directly involved in outbreak events. Physical barriers between water and patients cut the cycle of transmission from environment to human and markedly changed the epidemiology with a decrease of outbreaks in frequency and incidence. Moreover, the most ubiquitary strains that also persists in environment correspond to Epidemic High Risk (EHR) clones that succeed locally and globally. Population structure of P. aeruginosa within the hospital is similar to the worldwide population or to more local populations previously described: an epidemic structure with a background of recombinations involved in lineages emergence. The major EHR clone ST308 is more resistant to antibiotics than other prevalent clones not involved in outbreaks. However, the study of 46 strains in ST308 showed extreme within genotype variability, particularly various behaviours against antimicrobial agents. Increased ability to form biofilm and decreased motility have been described in literature as specific traits of EHR clones but it is not observed in this study. Our main hypothesis is that epidemic success of EHR clone ST308 in the hospital was linked to its diversity and versatility rather than to specific characters shared by all EHR strains.This study provides strong arguments in favour of the involvement of P. aeruginosa environmental reservoirs in HAI outbreaks. For a better control of these outbreaks, a surveillance of EHR clones of P. aeruginosa should be implemented independently to their antibiotic resistance. Moreover, barriers between environment and patient should be established as soon as an environmental reservoir of EHR clone is detected.Key words : Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Healthcare Associated Infections, outbreak, environment, water network, population structure, epidemic high risk clone, resistance to antibiotics, biofilm, motility, intraclonal variation, adaptation
Batista, Camilla Luiza. "Diversidade genética em Plasmodium vivax: variação temporal e espacial em uma comunidade rural Amazônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-28112014-142452/.
Повний текст джерелаTo examine how community-level genetic diversity of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax varies across time and space, we investigated the dynamics of parasite polymorphisms during the early phases of occupation of a frontier settlement in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. Microsatellite characterization of 84 isolates of P. vivax sampled over 3 years revealed a moderate to high genetic diversity (mean expected heterozygosity, 0.699), with a large proportion (78.5%) of multiple-clone infections (MCI), but also a strong multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD) consistent with rare outcrossing. Little temporal and no spatial clustering was observed in the distribution of parasite haplotypes. A single microsatellite haplotype was shared by 3 parasites collected during an outbreak; all other 81 haplotypes were recovered only once. The lowest parasite diversity, with the smallest proportion of MCI and the strongest LD, was observed at the time of the outbreak, providing a clear example of epidemic population structure in a human pathogen. Population genetic parameters returned to preoutbreak values during last 2 years of study, despite the concomitant decline in malaria incidence. We suggest that parasite genotyping can be useful for tracking the spread of new parasite strains associated with outbreaks in areas approaching malaria elimination.
Pineau, Xavier. "Rôles de la compétition intraspécifique, des ennemis naturels et de la température dans la modulation des pullulations d’Ips sexdentatus (Börner)." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2009/document.
Повний текст джерелаFor eruptive bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), the processes affecting the intensity and duration of outbreaks are generally poorly known. We have investigated three factors that may affect the population dynamics of Ips sexdentatus (Börner), namely the intraspecific competition, the natural enemies and the temperature. Colonization densities and the critical threshold of attack densities on trees have been estimated during an outbreak. How such densities affected the productivity and fitness of the beetles has been evaluated under laboratory conditions. The insect community associated with the bark beetle has been characterized in pine stands exhibiting different damage levels. To assess the thermal effects, the insects have been reared at different temperatures. Colonization densities on trees, or equivalent to the critical threshold of attacks, dramatically affected both the productivity and fitness of I. sexdentatus. The associated fauna was loosely related to the population levels of the bark beetle, although the duration of the exposure to the natural enemies affected its productivity. The assessment of thermal requirements allowed calculating that an average warming of 1°C during the activity period would increase the population levels and number of generations per year, but also decrease the beetles’ fitness. Intraspecific competition is probably a critical regulating factor for I. sexdentatus, while natural enemies would rather play a secondary role. A temperature increase could aggravate the outbreaks, but this could be counterbalanced by a fitness reduction and an increase of intraspecific competition
Bédubourg, Gabriel. "Place des outils d'analyse des séries temporelles dans la surveillance épidémiologique pour la détection des épidémies et leur analyse : élaboration de nouveaux outils de détection et d'analyse étiologique des épidémies appliqués à la surveillance épidémiologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0739.
Повний текст джерелаPublic health surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality of health-related events and to improve health. One of its objectives is the detection of unusualevents, i.e. outbreaks, requiring the rapid implementation of countermeasures.The objectives of this work are: (i) to evaluate the main published statistical methods for outbreak detection commonly implemented in different public health surveillance systems, (ii) to propose a new approach based on the optimal combination of statistical methods foroutbreak detection and benchmark it to other methods; and (iii) develop a new statistical method for the etiological analysis of an outbreak from public health surveillance data routinely collected by the system. To achieve these objectives, as a first step, we evaluate the main statistical methods, from a published set of simulated public health surveillance data. Statistical methods have been evaluated for an operational purpose: for all simulated time series, we used the tuning parameters recommended by their authors for each algorithm when available. We propose sensitivity and specificity metrics suitable for these tools. Then we propose an original approach for outbreak detection based on combination of methods selected in the previous step. The performance of this approach is compared to the previous ones according to the methodology implemented in the first step.Finally, we propose a method for the etiological analysis of an outbreak from surveillance data by using statistical models suitable for time series analysis
Neighbor, Rebecca, Claire Gleadhill, and Kacie Denton. "Viral Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Outbreak in Rural Belize." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/196.
Повний текст джерелаDelamaire, Sophie. "Structuration génétique des populations de tordeuse du mélèze, Zeiraphera diniana (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae), dans l'espace et dans le temps." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2017/document.
Повний текст джерелаForest insects evolve in particular ecosystems characterized by their longevity and their spatial dimensions. Some populations of forest insects, in particular defoliators, exhibit a pattern of cyclic outbreaks that can be associated with particular spatial development. Zeiraphera diniana exhibits two interesting characteristics, a (1) temporal one and a (2) spatial one : (1) really high regularity in outbreak periodicity observed for more than a thousand years. Population densities fluctuate dramatically with outbreaks every 8 to 10 years in the Alps, causing spectacular defoliation of large stands of larch forests (2) the outbreak spatial development follows a travelling wave pattern always initiated from an area located in a French area called Briançonnais. As the first study on population genetics of the larch budmoth all over its outbreak range, this PhD gives descriptive elements on the spatial genetic characteristics of the insect, with an insight in its phylogeography and past history. This study furthermore gives a spatio-temporal insight in the complex population dynamics observed, by testing genetic predictions corresponding to existing population dynamics models and hypotheses
Gong, Xiaohua. "Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci in Outbred Half-sib Populations." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05042009-160015/.
Повний текст джерелаHo, Chak Sum Smith Douglas M. "Molecular characterization of swine leukocyte antigen diversity in outbred pig populations." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5012.
Повний текст джерелаJanes, Denys Zachary Alexander. "Dynamics of simultaneous epidemics on complex graphs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28854.
Повний текст джерелаNielsen, Dahlia. "An Examination of Association Based Tests for Localizing Genes in Outbred Populations." NCSU, 1999. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-19990731-133658.
Повний текст джерелаAssociation based tests are designed to capitalize on evolutionaryforces and population history in order to localize genes affecting thetraits of interest to within very small regions. In the case-controltest, a sample of affected individuals (the cases) and a matched setof unaffected individuals (the controls) are collected, and markerallele frequency differences between the two groups are compared. Ifa significant difference between allele frequencies is found, it isdetermined that there is an association between the marker and adisease susceptibility locus. One shortcoming of this test is that ifthe cases and controls are not well matched, or if the controls arechosen from different subpopulations than the cases, spuriousassociations may be detected within the samples which do not reflectactual population values. Additionally, it is possible that genotypeinformation on a set of controls is simply not available. We explorethe relationship between Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium among affectedindividuals at a marker locus and linkage disequilibrium between themarker and a disease susceptibility locus and show that there is aconnection between these disequilibrium measures which may be usefulfor detecting association using affected individuals only. As part ofthis work, we introduce two summary disequilibrium terms, one allelicand one genotypic, which appear as factors in variousassociation-based measures. Following up on several suggestive equations which led to the summarydisequilibrium terms, we examine the relationship between phenotypeand marker genotypes through the perspective of classical quantitativegenetics. Within this framework, we show that in a randomly matingpopulation there is a simple connection between the additive effectsof a marker locus and the additive effects of an associated traitlocus. An equivalent relationship holds between the dominancedeviations at the marker and the dominance deviations at the traitlocus. These relationships are captured by the summary disequilibriumterms introduced earlier. Using these results, we characterize the genetic properties that lociaffecting a quantitative trait must express in order for common testsof association to be able to detect them. We examine the case-controltest and the basic form of the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT),and show that by focusing on alleles rather than on genotypes, thesetests are sensitive mainly to additive genetic effects at thesusceptibility loci. We offer several illustrations of theeffectiveness of these tests in detecting association under variousgenetic models.
Walker, Susan Frances. "Geographical patterns in the distribution of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and outbreaks of fatal chytridiomycosis in European amphibian populations." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.478915.
Повний текст джерелаJia, Yujiang. "Monitoring the status of HIV/AIDS in China." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/jia.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPita, Fabiano Veraldo da Costa. "Construction of the gametic covariance matrix for quantitative trait loci analyses in outbred populations." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2003. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10501.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T16:19:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 390406 bytes, checksum: ccedce081a84047d48e29f58c45f1176 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-09-05
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A aplicação de análises de “Quantitative Trait Loci” (QTL) em populações exogâmicas é desafiadora porque pressuposições simplificadoras não podem ser aplicadas (por exemplo, os alelos QTL não podem ser assumidos fixados em diferentes famílias, o número de alelos QTL segregantes não é conhecido a priori, não há desequilíbrio de ligação entre um dado alelo marcador e um dado alelo QTL). Quando o efeito genotípico do QTL é assumido aleatório no modelo de análise, a matriz de covariância gamética deve ser calculada para a realização das análises em populações exogâmicas. A acurácia dessa matriz é importante para a obtenção de estimativas confiáveis da posição ou efeito do QTL em análises de mapeamento, ou de valores genotípicos em avaliação genética assistida por marcadores. O objetivo do primeiro estudo foi avaliar diferente estratégias já implementadas em programas computacionais (SO- LAR, LOKI, ESIP e MATVEC) para calcular a matriz de coeficientes Idênticos por Descendência (IBD), que é necessária para o mapeamento de QTL em populações exogâmicas. SOLAR utiliza um método baseado em regressão linear, LOKI e ESIP são ambos baseados em “reverse peeling” e o amostrador implementado em MAT VEC amostra indicadores de segregação. Um pedigree com estrutura F2 típica foi simulado com uma família F2 pequena (2 indivíduos) ou grande (20 indivíduos) e marcadores flanqueadores localizados a 2 cM, 5 cM ou 10 cM de distância um do outro, com o QTL localizado no meio do intervalo. A habilidade dessas estratégias em lidar com informações de marcadores perdidas foi avaliada assumindo um dos pais da geração F2 com ou sem informação de marcador. SOLAR nao estimou os coeficientes IBD corretamente para a maior parte das situações simuladas, enquanto que LOKI apre- sentou problemas quando o tamanho da família F2 era grande. ESIP e o amostrador em MATVEC apresentaram bom desempenho em todas as situacões simuladas, com estimativas de coeficientes IBD próximas aos coeficientes verdadeiros. Portanto, ESIP e MATVEC são os softwares mais indicados quando analises genéticas são realizadas em pedigrees com estruturas complexas. O objetivo do segundo estudo foi avaliar o efeito da utilização de uma melhor aproximação da inversa da matriz de covariância gamética para a avaliação genética de grandes populações de animais domésticos. Algoritmos eficientes, baseados no rastreamento dos alelos QTL de um indivíduo em relação aos de seus avós (Probabilidade de Descendência de um QTL - PDQ), podem ser usados para construir a inversa da matriz de covariância gamética diretamente. Mas essa inversa é uma aproximação quando há informação incompleta de marcador. Também, o calculo exato de PDQºs torna-se difícil quando a informação de marcador é incompleta. Nesse estudo, a inversa da matriz de covariãncia gamética para uma pop- ulação exogãmica simulada foi calculada usando o algoritmo eficiente, mas as PDQ's foram calculadas usando um algoritmo Monte Carlo Cadeia de Markov (MCMC). Essa inversa foi utilizada para predizer o valor genético dos indivíduos através de BLUP assistido por marcadores (MABLUP). O efeito dos cálculos de PDQ usando o algoritmo MCMC sobre a acurãcia da MABLUP foi avaliado com base na resposta a seleção realizada, calculada para o pedigree simulado. Os resultados mostraram que quando as PDQ’S foram estimadas usando MCMC a perda em resposta devido ao uso da inversa aproximada pode ser reduzida em aproximadamente 20%, enquanto que em estudos anteriores essa redução foi de 50%. Ainda, quando quatro marcadores bi-alélicos foram utilizados a resposta para MABLUP foi maior e a perda em re- sposta devido a marcadores com informação perdida foi menor, quando comparadas a situação onde apenas dois marcadores bi-alélicos foram utilizados.
The application of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analyses in outbred population is challenging because simplified assumptions do not hold for these populations (e.g., the QTL alleles cannot be assumed fixed in different families, the number of QTL alleles segregating is not known a priori, there is not gametic phase disequilibrium between a given genetic marker allele and a QTL allele). When the QTL genotypic effect is assumed random, the gametic covariance matrix must be calculated to per- form QTL analyses in outbred populations. The accuracy of this matrix is important to obtain reliable estimates of QTL position or effect when applying QTL mapping, or QTL genotypic values when applying Marker Assisted Genetic Evaluation. The objective of the first study was to evaluate the different strategies already imple- mented in softwares (SOLAR, LOKI, ESIP and MATVEC) to calculate the matrix of identical by descent (IBD) coefficients, which is required for QTL mapping anal- ysis in outbred populations. SOLAR uses a regression method, LOKI and ESIP are both based on reverse peeling, and the MAT VEC sampler samples segregation in- dicators. A typical F2 pedigree was simulated with a small (2 offspring) or a large (20 offspring) F2 family, and the flanking markers were simulated 2 CM, 5 CM, or 10 CM apart, with the QTL located in the middle. The ability of these strategies to deal with missing genetic marker information was evaluated assuming one of the F2 parents with or without marker information. SOLAR failed to estimate the correct coefficients at almost all situations simulated, while LOKI showed problems when a large family was present in the pedigree. ESIP and MATVEC sampler performed well at all situations, providing IBD coefficients closed to the true ones. Therefore, ESIP and MATVEC are more indicated when genetic analysis are carried out on complex pedigree structures. The objective of the second study was to evaluate the effect of using a better approximation of the inverse of the gametic covariance matrix on the genetic evaluation of large livestock populations. Efficient algorithms, based on trac- ing the QTL alleles of an individual to its grandmother or grandfather (probability of descent a QTL - PDQ’s), can be used to construct the inverse of the gametic covari- ance matrix directly. But this inverse is an approximation when incomplete marker information is available. Also, computing the exact PDQ’s becomes difficult when marker information is incomplete. In this study, the inverse of the gametic covariance matrix for a simulated outbred pedigree was calculated using the efficient algorithm, but the PDQ’s were calculated using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algo- rithm. This inverse was used to calculate the predicted genetic value of individuals through Marker Assisted Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (MABLUP). The effect of PDQ calculations using the MCMC algorithm on MABLUP accuracy was evaluated based on the realized response to selection for the simulated pedigree. The results showed that by estimating the PDQ’s by MCMC the loss in response because of using an approximate inverse could be reduced to about 20%, while in previous studies this reduction was of 50%. Further, response to MABLUP was greater when four bi-allelic markers were used, and the loss in response due to missing markers was smaller in the case with four markers compared to when only two bi-allelic markers were used.
Tese importada do Alexandria
Abat, Cédric. "Développement de nouveaux outils informatiques de surveillance en temps réel des phénomènes anormaux basés sur les données de microbiologie clinique du laboratoire de la Timone." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5029/document.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough considered under control in the second half of the 20th century with the discovery of antimicrobials, infectious diseases remain a serious threat to humanity. Regardless of the state of knowledge we possess on these diseases, all remained unpredictable. To fight this phenomenon, many monitoring strategies have been developed leading to the implementation of various epidemiological surveillance computer programs to detect and identify, as soon as possible, abnormal events including epidemic phenomena. The initial objective of our work was to implement, within the Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection and based on the Microsoft Excel software, two new automated computer-based programs for the weekly automated epidemiological surveillance of abnormal epidemic events using clinical microbiological data from the Timone teaching hospital of of Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM). Once completed, we then worked to develop a comprehensive monitoring structure incorporating the investigation and the validation of alarms emitted by the established surveillance systems, the transmission of alerts to the Regional Health Agency (ARS) of the Provence-Alpes Côte d'Azur (PACA), the public dissemination of confirmed abnormal events by publishing scientific articles, and the implementation of feedback and weekly epidemiological bulletins to inform local infectious diseases epidemiological surveillance actors
Ciminera, Marina. "Identification spécifique et structure génétique des populations du papillon-cendre responsable des épisodes de papillonite en Guyane et au Vénézuela." Thesis, Guyane, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017YANE0016/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe genus Hylesia (Lepidoptera Saturniidae) are moths of human health importance in Venezula and French Guiana, inducing epidemic outbreaks of lepidopterism, a puriginous dermatitis caused by the urticating properties of the females’ abdominal setae. Adult female releases extremely urticating setae in the surrounding air, causing itchy dermatitis known as ‘papillonite’. Hylesia are attracted by artificial light source which are increasing since the end of the 19th century due to urbanization resulting in serious invasion event in towns and villages. Despite of the impact on human health, many aspects of the biology and their ecology remain unclear. The definition of specific methods of population regulation is thus very urgent but it was necessary first of all to verify that only the species H. metabus is involved in these episodes of urtication and to specify the population structure of these insects. It was also important to clarify the mechanisms for recognizing sexual partners in this same species. These questions were the mainobjectives of this thesis.The use of molecular tools has shown that a single species, Hylesia metabus, was involved in recent episodes ofurtication in Guyana and Venezuela. The study also demonstrated that the Guyanese populations of this species aregenetically distinct from the Venezuelan populations, and especially that they are structured in 2 distinct genetic subgroupsbetween the coast and the interior of French Guiana. All insects collected during outbreaks belonged to thecoastal subset. An approach based on the study of reproductive behavior has been used to clarify the temporality ofemission of the sex pheromone and opens new perspectives for the identification of this pheromone
Narita, Akira. "A system for detection of multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) under the mixed inheritance model in outbred populations." Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147762.
Повний текст джерела0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第10913号
農博第1419号
新制||農||891(附属図書館)
学位論文||H16||N3924(農学部図書室)
UT51-2004-G760
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 佐々木 義之, 教授 守屋 和幸, 教授 広岡 博之
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Sharp, Kathleen Rathbun. "Response to Selection of Peromyscus leucopus: Response of Spermatogenesis and Reproductive Behavior to Selection on Gonadal Development in an Outbred Population of White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus leucopus)." W&M ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626832.
Повний текст джерелаSzablewski, Christine Marie. "Evolution of Influenza A Viruses in Exhibition Swine and Transmission to Humans, 2013-2015." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu151388886442666.
Повний текст джерелаHuart, Michaël. "Développement d'un système de surveillance épidémiologique des maladies infectieuses à partir des données des laboratoires de microbiologie de la région PACA." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5044.
Повний текст джерелаInfectious diseases are a major public health problem worldwide. Indeed, infectious diseases were the cause in 2004 to nearly 15 million deaths, whether for emerging pathogens, pathogens known to man for many years or even re-emerging pathogens (2004 Estimation of WHO). It has fallen since we moved, for example, 1.27 million cases of malaria in 2004 to 854,600 in 2013. This downward trend affecting most infectious diseases, but an increase is still the realm of possibility as the demonstrated by the recent outbreak of Ebola.To fight against these infectious diseases, many epidemiological surveillance tools have emerged worldwide. These systems are designed to detect and identify as early as possible of possible epidemic events to promote the warning to the competent authorities and the establishment of counter-measures. The objective of our work was to build and develop an epidemiological surveillance system from the microbiology laboratory data of the Provence-Alpes Côte d'Azur (PACA). This system should enable us to identify possible abnormal events weekly data from the different participating laboratories. The monitoring system has enabled us later to declare several warnings from the Regional Health Agency (ARS) PACA, enhance our work through publications and finally to promote the work of laboratories by providing them a feedback containing the main alarms of the week.The development and automation of the system through the creation of an IT platform developed within the Mediterranean Institute University Hospital Infection (IHU) and by increasing the number of participants and the extension of this system to other regions in France or other countries
Gerbier-Colomban, Solweig. "Étude de faisabilité d'un système de détection automatique des patients à risque épidémique à partir des données du dossier médical informatisé des urgences." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10327.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction. The early detection of the infections by an effective surveillance system allows implementing adapted measures of prevention and control. The objective of this thesis was to estimate the performances of an automatic system syndromic-like to detect the patients with potentially transmissible infectious diseases from the emergency department computerized medical record data. Study population. 101,001 adults, who were admitted to the emergency department and hospitalised of the North Hospital In University Hospital of Lyon, between 01/06/2007 and 30/03/2011. Method. Three steps were necessary. 1) Evaluation of the feasibility to use the structured and textual data with an application which automatically extracts and encodes information found in narrative reports. 2) Different algorithms were built for the detection of patients with infectious respiratory, cutaneous or gastrointestinal syndromes, and assessed. 3) Evaluation of the data of the electronic medical record of emergency department for the detection of flu community epidemics, compared with regional surveillance networks for flu. Results and discussion. This thesis showed that it is possible to detect patients with potentially transmissible infectious diseases with reasonable balance between sensitivity and specificity for respiratory and cutaneous syndromes. The algorithms for gastrointestinal syndromes were not specific enough for their routine use. Emergency department data enabled the detection of community outbreaks for flu
Martins, Francielle Alline. "Genotipagem de endosperma como estratégia auxiliar no mapeamento e detecção de QTLs em populações exogâmicas." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2006. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4741.
Повний текст джерелаConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
In the genetic mapping in outbred populations not always it is possible to determine the linkage phase of the alleles. Thus, heterozygous individuals are discarded from these analyses due to the lack of information, once it is not possible, through their genotype, to distinguish the origin of their parental alleles. In this way, the main objective of this work was to propose the endosperm genotyping as a strategy to identify the allelic origin of those heterozygotes individuals. Initially, fragments from the endosperm representing 10, 25 and 50% of the corn seeds weight were extracted and the seeds were submitted to the germination test. The results suggest that the elimination of up to 50% of the endosperm did not affected the seed germination. The methodology of semiquantitative PCR was optimized to differentiate doses of the alleles in the mixtures of DNA derived from leaves of two maize inbred lines (L3 and L1113- 01). It was represented different allelic proportions observed in the endosperm of their reciprocal crosses, based on the maximum amount of endosperm that could be used for DNA extraction. SSR markers were generated by semiquantitative PCR technique and the amplified fragments were evaluated in both agarose gels treated with ethidium bromide and poliacrylamide gels using fluorescently labeled primers. Gel resolution using agarose did not allow the differentiation of the mixtures of parental DNAs. However, through the regression analysis and comparison of the band intensity corresponding to the same allele in the different mixtures, the initial concentration of each one of the alleles could be inferred. The requirement of an allelic pattern limited the use of this technique to QTL analysis in populations where at least one of the genitors is known. Although the resolution of poliacrylamide gels using fluorescent markers was more efficient in the endosperm genotyping, once it was allowed to differentiate the maternal origin of reciprocal hybrids seed´s. So, the strategy of endosperm genotyping using fluorescent SSR primer amplified by semiquantitative PCR allowed the determination of allelic origin in the heterozygous offspring derived from outbred populations, including these individuals in the QTL detection, and consequently, increasing the precision of this analysis.
No mapeamento genético e detecção de QTLs em populações exogâmicas nem sempre é possível a determinação da fase de ligação dos alelos. Assim, indivíduos heterozigotos são descartados dessas análises por serem não informativos, uma vez que não é possível, por meio do seu genótipo, distinguir a origem de seus alelos em relação aos dois genitores. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi propor a genotipagem do endosperma para identificar a origem alélica dos indivíduos heterozigotos. Inicialmente, fragmentos do endosperma representando 10, 25 e 50% do peso das sementes de milho foram retirados, sendo as sementes submetidas ao teste de germinação. Observou-se que a remoção de até 50% do endosperma não afetou a taxa de germinação das sementes. A metodologia de PCR semiquantitativo foi otimizada para diferenciar doses dos alelos nas misturas de DNA foliar de duas linhagens de milho (L3 e L1113-01), representando as diferentes proporções alélicas observadas no tecido endospermático dos seus cruzamentos recíprocos, tendo como base a quantidade máxima de endosperma que podia ser utilizada na extração do DNA. Marcadores SSR foram gerados pela técnica de PCR semiquantitativo, e os fragmentos amplificados foram avaliados tanto em gel de agarose tratado com brometo de etídio quanto em gel de poliacrilamida, usando-se primers fluorescentes. A resolução do gel de agarose não possibilitou a diferenciação das misturas dos DNAs parentais. No entanto, por meio da análise de regressão e da comparação da intensidade da banda correspondente a um mesmo alelo nas diferentes misturas, pôde-se inferir a concentração inicial de cada um dos alelos. A necessidade de um padrão de alelos limitou o uso dessa técnica nas análises de QTLs em populações nas quais pelo menos um dos genitores é conhecido. Já a resolução do gel de poliacrilamida utilizando marcadores fluorescentes foi mais eficiente na genotipagem de endospermas, uma vez que possibilitou a diferenciação da origem materna das sementes dos híbridos recíprocos. Assim, a estratégia de genotipagem do endosperma utilizando primers SSR fluorescentes amplificados pela técnica de PCR semiquantitativo possibilitou a determinação da origem dos alelos dos descendentes heterozigotos derivados de populações exogâmicas, permitindo a inclusão destes na detecção de QTLs e, conseqüentemente, aumentando a precisão das análises.
Byrnes, Edmond John. "Examination of the Molecular Epidemiology, Expansion, Population Structure, and Virulence of the Emerging Fungal Pathogen,Cryptococcus gattii in the United States." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/3106.
Повний текст джерела
Molecular sequence typing has revealed that there are four distinct
The North American Pacific Northwest harbors one of the highest incidences of
While the outbreak is a significant public health concern, an overlooked but considerable disease burden attributable to
In 2007, the first confirmed case of
To elucidate the speciation dynamics between molecular types VGII and VGIII and what influence nuclear and mitochondrial genomes have on intracellular proliferation and hyoervirulence, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of progeny sets between these molecular types, including progeny sets of VGII
Overall, the studies documented in this dissertation have increased the understanding of molecular epidemiology, population structures, fertility, phenotypic characteristics, virulence characterizations, and speciation of this expanding and emerging fungal pathogen in the United States. This dissertation adds a foundation to the studies of
Dissertation
Nixon, Amy E. "Interactions between the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hubner) and its natural enemies: the effects of forest composition and implications for outbreak spread." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1964.
Повний текст джерелаEcology
Heldt, Katherine Ann. "Habitat Connectivity and Quality Alter Population Growth and Community Structure of Marine Crustaceans." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119243.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, 2017
Hughes, Josie. "Patterns and Processes in Forest Insect Population Dynamics." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/34060.
Повний текст джерелаMcKnight, Donald T. "Life finds a way: the recovery of frog populations from a chytridiomycosis outbreak." Thesis, 2019. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/64195/1/JCU_64195_McKnight_2019_thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерела"Epidemiology of anthrax outbreaks in wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) of the Mackenzie bison population." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-12-1895.
Повний текст джерелаPratchett, Morgan S. "Dynamics of outbreak populations of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci L.), and their effects on coral reef ecosystems." Thesis, 2001. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/24119/1/01front.pdf.
Повний текст джерела"後漢至唐代疾疫流行及其影響: 以人口移動為中心的考察". Thesis, 1997. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073761.
Повний текст джерела論文(博士)--香港中文大學歷史學部, 1997.
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