Статті в журналах: "Population-Based screening program"

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Pashayan, Nora. "Abstract IA011: Implementation of population-based precision cancer screening programs." Cancer Prevention Research 16, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): IA011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6215.precprev22-ia011.

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Abstract To date, evidence from modeling studies indicates that precision early detection approaches could potentially improve the benefit-harm balance and the cost-effectiveness of cancer screening programs. A precision program involves risk assessment of all individuals in the population, stratification of the population into several risk groups and tailoring early detection and prevention recommendations to each risk group. Implementing precision program raises number of questions at each stage. It is important not only to generate evidence on the individual ‘jigsaw’ pieces of the program, but also to bring the pieces together in a complex adaptive system, while considering the healthcare organizational readiness for change, the economic and social context. Citation Format: Nora Pashayan. Implementation of population-based precision cancer screening programs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr IA011.

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Lin, J. Y. "Information System of Nationwide Population-Based Cancer Screening in Taiwan." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 209s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.84500.

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Background: Pap smear screening was the first nation-wide population-based organized screening since 1999 in Taiwan. After that, nationwide screening programs for breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and oral cancer have been launched since 2004. The national online information system was built for the infrastructure, monitoring, delivery, evaluation, and management of health care services in our nationwide screening program. Aim: To develop a comprehensive health information system for cancer screening to assist health professionals in processing screening with quality assurance and evaluation. Methods: A Web-based solution combining data gathering and processing capabilities was developed. Application design in a server was based on the ASP, HTML, DHTML, Java Script, Java Applet technology and SQL-SERVER relational database. Web-based software programs were developed to facilitate the structure, process, and outcome for screening. Individual screening data were transferred to centralized databases via the Internet. The client-users now include 25 health bureaus, 369 health centers and over 6500 clinics or hospitals. Results: The Taiwanese cancer screening system incorporates nationwide breast cancer screening with mammography, colorectal cancer with fecal immunochemical test, oral cancer with visual inspection. The key performance index for screening including screening rate, positive rate, referral rate, positive predictive rate, detection rate, and interval cancer rate were provided in the system. The system allows for the flow of information among different health services and country areas to monitor participants in the whole process screening. It has an alert system to prevent delayed referral for cases in need of diagnosis and treatment. A total of 2.27 million women aged 45-69 years have attended biennial mammography screening program at least once between 2004 and 2014. More than 4.6 million subjects with the exposure of betel quid and/or cigarette have attended the biennial oral cancer screening. Around 3.8 million subjects aged 50-74 years have attended the biennial FIT screening. Information on organized features appertaining to screening, diagnosis, and outcomes after long-term follow up were collected for the systematic evaluation. The proposed health information system for cancer screening is centered on modules that would allow for the computerization, process, update of screen data, and link with other registry data (e.g., population registry, cancer registry, and mortality). Conclusion: A nation-wide information system for breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and oral cancer screening was successfully developed to support health professionals and health decision makers for planning, delivery, management, and evaluation in population-based cancer screening program.

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Szynglarewicz, B., D. Blaszczyk, A. Maciejczyk, P. Kasprzak, and R. Matkowski. "676. Quality assessment of population-based mammographic screening program." European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 42, no. 9 (September 2016): S189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.352.

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Redman, Sally, and Alexandra Barratt. "Towards a population-based screening program for cervical cancer." Australian Journal of Public Health 19, no. 2 (February 12, 2010): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1995.tb00356.x.

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Buchberger, Wolfgang, Sabine Geiger-Gritsch, Rudolf Knapp, Kurt Gautsch, and Willi Oberaigner. "Combined screening with mammography and ultrasound in a population-based screening program." European Journal of Radiology 101 (April 2018): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.01.022.

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Hsu, C. "Screen-Round–Based Risk Strategies for Population-Based Mammography Screening." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 205s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.82800.

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Background: The widespread use of organized screening strategies of mammography screening at population level stood a chance of reducing the threat to women's life from breast cancer. However, such a population-wide strategy is often faced with the questions like “How many rounds of mammography screening are require before detecting cancer in question?” and “Can the attendee be classified the low risk after several negative screening rounds?” In addition to the concerns on resource allocation for the purpose of planning an efficient population-based screening program, the recent emergence in precision medicine also makes it attractive for considering such a risk-based decision on breast cancer prevention under the context of mass screening. Aim: To quantify number of screen rounds required for detecting an asymptomatic cancer in question and dispensing with further invitation to screen. Methods: By applying a series of Bayesian negative–binomial family–based stochastic process models taking sensitivity and specificity into account, we elucidated the aforementioned issues based on the empirical data on population-based breast cancer screening program in Finland with international collaboration. The Finnish nationwide biennial mammographic screening program was implemented and targeted to women aged 50-59 years since 1988. The panel data on the regular invitation of eligible population by Pirkanmaa screening center excluding the women who had been diagnosed by breast cancer before their first invitation were enrolled in this study. Results: Based on the estimated results, we are able to determine the rounds of screens required before detecting an asymptomatic breast cancer according to the risk profile determined by age and the performance of screening tool. Based on the empirical data, an average of 2.77 (95% CI, 2.61-2.91) screen rounds will be required to detect an asymptomatic breast cancer cases. A woman may not be invited after a series of negative findings of 8 rounds of screen. Considering the sensitivity of 83% (95% CI, 61%–95%), the required screen rounds become 2.81 (95% CI, 2.65-2.94). The screening rounds required for the young (<55 years) and the old (≥55 years) age group, the corresponding figures was 2.81 (95% CI, 2.55-3.11) and 2.76 (95% CI, 2.43-3.05). Conclusion: We quantified the screen round, 2.77 on average, required to detect an asymptomatic breast cancer and 8 rounds of screen to dispense with further invitation based on the risk and the performance of screening tool. The findings may aid in risk-based interscreening interval determination but also provide information on resources required by different screening policies with target population with different risk levels.

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Grega, Tomáš, Ondřej Májek, Ondřej Ngo, Norbert Král, Bohumil Seifert, Ladislav Dušek, Miroslav Zavoral, and Štěpán Suchánek. "Current principles of colorectal cancer screening – from opportunistic screening to a population-based screening program." Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 70, no. 5 (October 25, 2016): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14735/amgh2016383.

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Hamers, F., N. Duport, and N. Beltzer. "Population-based organized cervical cancer screening pilot program in France." European Journal of Cancer 72 (February 2017): S158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30589-0.

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Cortesi, L., V. E. Chiuri, S. Ruscelli, V. Bellelli, R. Negri, I. Rashid, C. Cirilli, E. Gallo, and M. Federico. "Early assessment of a population-based breast cancer screening program." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 16_suppl (June 2005): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.1018.

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Hamers, Françoise F., Nicolas Duport, and Nathalie Beltzer. "Population-based organized cervical cancer screening pilot program in France." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 27, no. 5 (September 2018): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cej.0000000000000365.

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Falk, Ragnhild Sørum, Solveig Hofvind, Per Skaane, and Tor Haldorsen. "Overdiagnosis among women attending a population‐based mammography screening program." International Journal of Cancer 133, no. 3 (February 25, 2013): 705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28052.

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Brozek, Wolfgang, Patrick Clemens, Hanno Ulmer, Nina Häring, Hans Concin, Emanuel Zitt, and Gabriele Nagel. "Evaluation of a Population-Based Targeted Screening Approach for Skin Cancer with Long-Time Follow-Up in Austria including Potential Effects on Melanoma Mortality." Cancers 16, no. 7 (March 26, 2024): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16071283.

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Background: whether screening for skin cancer affects melanoma-specific mortality in a population-based setting remains unclear. Methods: in this population-based cohort study, we characterized and evaluated a skin cancer prevention program following a targeted screening approach conducted in 1989–1994 in the Austrian province Vorarlberg, with follow-up until 2019. The general population and attendees of a health examination program served for comparison. Results: in the screening program including full follow-up until 2019, 207 invasive and 187 in situ melanomas were identified in 8997 individuals. Incidences of invasive and in situ melanomas were elevated compared to the general population (IRR 2.92, 95%-CI 2.49–3.41, and IRR 4.13, 95%-CI 3.53–4.83, respectively) and the health examination program (HR 3.02, 95%-CI 2.59–3.52, and HR 3.90, 95%-CI 3.30–4.61, respectively). Breslow thickness and Clark’s level at time of invasive diagnosis were significantly lower in 1989–2019, but the tumor characteristics of the melanomas diagnosed during 1989–1994 did not differ from the comparison groups. Moreover, melanoma mortality was significantly elevated in the screening program (IRR 1.66, 95%-CI 1.00–2.75 vs. the general population, HR 2.12, 95%-CI 1.25–3.61 vs. the health examination cohort). Melanoma mortality in Vorarlberg declined until 2004, though statistically non-significantly. Conclusions: given the uncertain effectiveness and high public expenditures of population-wide mass screening programs, primary prevention and targeted risk-based skin cancer screening might be promising alternatives.

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Thurfjell, E. "Population-Based Mammography Screening in Clinical Practice." Acta Radiologica 35, no. 5 (September 1994): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519403500519.

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The results from the prevalence round of a population-based mammography screening program in Uppsala county are presented. We invited 48 517 women aged 40 to 74 years to mammography screening. The age subgroup 40 to 54 years was examined with two-view mammograms, while women in age group 55 to 74 years were offered one-view screening. The number of attending women was 41 761 (86% of those invited), of whom 2002 (4.8%) were recalled for further examinations, and 423 (1.0%) were referred for surgical biopsy. A total of 241 (0.58%) women were diagnosed to have breast cancer. About 1/3 of the cancers were stage 2 or more advanced, but only 20% of the invasive cancers had lymph node metastasis. The median size of an invasive cancer was 16 mm. After age-adjusting the cancer rate, the results indicate that the Swedish two-county study can be duplicated in clinical practice.

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Bisht, S. S., T. Kataria, D. Gupta, A. Abhishek, S. Goyal, T. Basu, K. Narang, et al. "78P Population based mammographic screening in India: Analysis from community outreach cancer screening program." Annals of Oncology 27 (December 2016): ix23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-7534(21)00238-6.

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Hofvind, Solveig, Berta M. Geller, Robert D. Rosenberg, and Per Skaane. "Screening-detected Breast Cancers: Discordant Independent Double Reading in a Population-based Screening Program." Radiology 253, no. 3 (December 2009): 652–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2533090210.

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Kirschner, Benny, Susanne Poll, Carsten Rygaard, Anne Wåhlin, and Jette Junge. "Screening history in women with cervical cancer in a Danish population-based screening program." Gynecologic Oncology 120, no. 1 (January 2011): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.09.021.

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Sickles, E. A. "Screening-detected Breast Cancers: Discordant Independent Double Reading in a Population-based Screening Program." Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly 21, no. 4 (January 2010): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.breastdis.2010.10.023.

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De Becker, Inge, Heather J. MacPherson, G. Robert LaRoche, Janet Braunstein, Robin Cottle, L. Lynn McIntyre, and Vladimir Kozousek. "Negative Predictive Value of a Population-based Preschool Vision Screening Program." Ophthalmology 99, no. 6 (June 1992): 998–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31865-2.

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Larsen, Marthe, Marie Lilleborge, Einar Vigeland, and Solveig Hofvind. "Self-reported symptoms among participants in a population-based screening program." Breast 54 (December 2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2020.08.015.

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McGregor, S. Elizabeth, Robert J. Hilsden, and Huiming Yang. "Physician Barriers to Population-Based, Fecal Occult Blood Test-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs for Average-Risk Patients." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 24, no. 6 (2010): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/591326.

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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is an efficacious but underused means to reduce the burden of CRC. Population-based CRC screening programs are currently being implemented in Canada and physicians are key partners in increasing screening uptake. The current study identified physician attitudes and barriers that need to be addressed by provincial programs.METHODS: A mailed survey of primary care physicians in Alberta.RESULTS: The survey response rate was 42.4% (806 of 1903). The majority of physicians suggested CRC screening as part of a routine periodic examination; however, the approach to test selection and the type of tests recommended varied by geographical region. The majority of physicians agreed (48%) or strongly agreed (36%) that a province-wide screening program is the best approach to reducing mortality from CRC. However, there were many serious concerns identified – the most common was endoscopic capacity for follow-up of patients with a positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT), which was cited by 55% to 69% of the physicians surveyed. The barriers to three commonly available tests (FOBT, flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy) varied according to health region, and the types of barriers identified varied according to the specific test.INTERPRETATION: Screening for CRC is gradually being accepted among primary care physicians in Alberta. A key finding of the present descriptive study was the regional variation in practices, perceived barriers and concerns about provincial population-based screening programs based on FOBT as the primary screening test. Provincial programs will need to address the issue of endoscopic capacity and perceived barriers to FOBT to gain primary care physician acceptance of FOBT-based CRC screening programs.

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Witwer, Elizabeth, Laura-Mae Baldwin, and Allison Cole. "Qualitative Assessment of Washington State Medicaid Health Plan Readiness to Implement Systems-Based Approaches to Colorectal Cancer Screening." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 56 (January 2019): 004695801988074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958019880743.

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Implementation of population-based colorectal cancer screening programs by Medicaid health plans could address colorectal cancer screening disparities. Our objective is to identify facilitators and barriers to implementation of a population-based colorectal cancer screening program by Washington State Medicaid health plans. We conducted semi-structured interviews with leadership from 2 statewide and 3 national Medicaid plans. We organized the interview questions around the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We analyzed interview transcripts, guided by directed content analysis, and identified facilitators and barriers to Medicaid health plan implementation of population-based colorectal cancer screening programs. Robust health plan (inner setting) quality improvement infrastructures were facilitators. Lack of statewide Medicaid policy incentives (external setting) to increase colorectal cancer screening were barriers to potential implementation. Efforts to address identified barriers through local and national policies and statewide data sharing efforts may support Medicaid health plan implementation of population-based colorectal cancer screening programs.

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Hsu, Chen-Yang, Wen-Feng Hsu, Amy Ming-Fang Yen, and Hsiu-Hsi Chen. "Sampling-based Markov regression model for multistate disease progression: Applications to population-based cancer screening program." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, no. 8 (November 20, 2019): 2198–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280219885400.

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To develop personalized screening and surveillance strategies, the information required to superimpose state-specific covariates into the multi-step progression of disease natural history often relies on the entire population-based screening data, which are costly and infeasible particularly when a new biomarker is proposed. Following Prentice’s case-cohort concept, a non-standard case-cohort design from a previous study has been adapted for constructing multistate disease natural history with two-stage sampling. Nonetheless, the use of data only from first screens may invoke length-bias and fail to consider the test sensitivity. Therefore, a new sampling-based Markov regression model and its variants are proposed to accommodate additional subsequent follow-up data on various detection modes to construct state-specific covariate-based multistate disease natural history with accuracy and efficiency. Computer simulation algorithms for determining the required sample size and the sampling fraction of each detection mode were developed either through power function or the capacity of screening program. The former is illustrated with breast cancer screening data from which the effect size and the required sample size regarding the effect of BRCA on multistate outcome of breast cancer were estimated. The latter is applied to population-based colorectal cancer screening data to identify the optimal sampling fraction of each detection mode.

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Theberge, I. "Volume of screening mammography and performance in the Quebec population-based Breast Cancer Screening Program." Canadian Medical Association Journal 172, no. 2 (January 18, 2005): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1040485.

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Woo, Pauline P. S., Jane J. Kim, and Gabriel M. Leung. "What Is the Most Cost-Effective Population-Based Cancer Screening Program for Chinese Women?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 6 (February 9, 2007): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.06.0210.

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Purpose To develop a policy-relevant generalized cost-effectiveness (CE) model of population-based cancer screening for Chinese women. Methods Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted and associated screening and treatment costs under population-based screening using cervical cytology (cervical cancer), mammography (breast cancer), and fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, FOBT plus sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy (colorectal cancer) were estimated, from which average and incremental CE ratios were generated. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was undertaken to assess stochasticity, parameter uncertainty, and model assumptions. Results Cervical, breast, and colorectal cancers were together responsible for 13,556 DALYs (in a 1:4:3 ratio, respectively) in Hong Kong's 3.4 million female population annually. All status quo strategies were dominated, thus confirming the suboptimal efficiency of opportunistic screening. Current patterns of screening averted 471 DALYs every year, which could potentially be more than doubled to 1,161 DALYs under the same screening and treatment budgetary threshold of US $50 million with 100% Pap coverage every 4 years and 30% coverage of colonoscopy every 10 years. With higher budgetary caps, biennial mammographic screening starting at age 50 years can be introduced. Conclusion Our findings have informed how best to achieve allocative efficiency in deploying scarce cancer care dollars but must be coupled with better integrated care planning, improved intersectoral coordination, increased resources, and stronger political will to realize the potential health and economic gains as demonstrated.

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Daly, Corinne, Carolyn Rotenberg, Marcia Facey, Natalie A. Baker, and Nancy N. Baxter. "Reflex Lynch syndrome screening by example: A review of existing programs." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2015): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.543.

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543 Background: Reflex screening for Lynch Syndrome (LS) has been recommended, however occurs in few jurisdictions worldwide. We aimed to explore program structure, pathology testing, implementation challenges and future directions of existing reflex LS screening programs in various jurisdictions to develop best practices for future programs. Methods: We identified existing reflex LS screening programs through a literature search and expert opinion. Information on program implementation, patient population, family care involvement, monitoring and improvements was collected through semi-structured interviews with program leaders, pathologists, technical staff, and family physicians. Pattern, thematic and content analysis were used to analyze and extract program features, sequence of pathological testing and best practices. Results: 26 participants across 7 programs completed interviews. There were 3 government-funded, population-based programs (Manitoba, Western Australia, and New South Wales), 2 private health management organization programs implemented across affiliated healthcare centers (Pennsylvania and Southern California); and 2 hospital-based programs (Ohio and Utah). Five programs screened all patients with CRC for LS while 2 programs designated an upper age limit for screening. The majority of programs tested tumor samples for LS using a combination of immunohistochemistry and BRAF mutation analysis. In jurisdictions relying on surgeons' referral to genetic counseling without navigation, uptake of genetic testing was lower than expected. Programs implementing early education of surgeons and pathologists in reflex screening procedures reported confidence in skills, collaboration and communication. Communication materials for family members of affected individuals were recommended to increase family engagement in genetic counselling. Conclusions: There are a variety of reflex LS screening programs with varying standards and protocols. Program design influences uptake of genetic testing; programs with an imbedded navigation plan for those who need genetic counseling enhance rates of adherence. This should be an important consideration when planning future reflex screening programs.

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Garcia, M., X. Domènech, C. Vidal, E. Torné, N. Milà, G. Binefa, L. Benito, and V. Moreno. "Interval Cancers in a Population-Based Screening Program for Colorectal Cancer in Catalonia, Spain." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/672410.

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Objective. To analyze interval cancers among participants in a screening program for colorectal cancer (CRC) during four screening rounds.Methods. The study population consisted of participants of a fecal occult blood test-based screening program from February 2000 to September 2010, with a 30-month follow-up (n= 30,480). We used hospital administration data to identify CRC. An interval cancer was defined as an invasive cancer diagnosed within 30 months of a negative screening result and before the next recommended examination. Gender, age, stage, and site distribution of interval cancers were compared with those in the screen-detected group.Results. Within the study period, 97 tumors were screen-detected and 74 tumors were diagnosed after a negative screening. In addition, 17 CRC (18.3%) were found after an inconclusive result and 2 cases were diagnosed within the surveillance interval (2.1%). There was an increase of interval cancers over the four rounds (from 32.4% to 46.0%). When compared with screen-detected cancers, interval cancers were found predominantly in the rectum (OR: 3.66; 95% CI: 1.51–8.88) and at more advanced stages (P=0.025).Conclusion. There are large numbers of cancer that are not detected through fecal occult blood test-based screening. The low sensitivity should be emphasized to ensure that individuals with symptoms are not falsely reassured.

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Tomaszewski, M., D. Sanders, R. A. Enns, L. Gentile, C. Nash, S. Cowie, D. Petrunia, et al. "A137 COLONOSCOPY RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS IN A POPULATION-BASED COLON SCREENING PROGRAM." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 3, Supplement_1 (February 2020): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwz047.136.

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Abstract Background The British Columbia Colon Screening Program (BCCSP) is a population-based program enrolling 50–74 year old individuals for biennial FIT (OC-Sensor, cut-off 10 mcg/g) with follow-up colonoscopy for positive FIT. The neoplasia detection rate is 50–55% and over 75% of colonoscopies have a specimen taken. Previously reported colonoscopy adverse event rates for FIT based screening programs vary widely: 0.03–6.2% and 0–2.7% for bleeding and perforation, respectively. Mortality as a result of colonoscopy is rare but has been reported in 0.0004%-0.0074% of colonoscopies. The rate of colonoscopy related adverse events in BCCSP participants is unknown. Aims To determine the rate of colonoscopy related serious adverse events within the BCCSP. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all participants undergoing colonoscopy in BCCSP from November 15, 2013 to December 31, 2017. BCCSP contacts screening participants by phone 14 days post colonoscopy to determine unplanned medical visits the day prior (during bowel preparation) or following the colonoscopy. Unplanned events underwent chart review if the event was a perforation, cardiovascular or respiratory event, or resulted in death, hospitalization, or significant intervention including repeat colonoscopy, interventional radiology, surgery, blood transfusion, cardioversion, casting of a fracture or suturing of a laceration. Chart review was conducted by a Colonoscopy Lead and reviewed by BCCSP Quality Committee. Unplanned events were defined as serious adverse events (SAE) if they resulted in death, hospitalization or significant intervention and further classified as probably, possibly, or unlikely related to the colonoscopy. Results A total of 108,004 colonoscopies were performed. Unplanned events were reported in 1753 participants, of which 586 met criteria for review. Of these, 578 were confirmed unplanned events and 409 were SAEs of which 367 (89.7%) were probably, 22 (5.4%) possibly and 20 (4.9%) unlikely associated with colonoscopy. 36/10,000 colonoscopies were associated with a SAE that was probably or possibly related: perforation in 5/10,000, bleeding 22/10,000. Three deaths occurred in the 14 days following colonoscopy that were probably (2 perforations) or possibly related to the colonoscopy (0.3/10,000). Conclusions The BCCSP has a colonoscopy SAE rate in keeping with previous publications, particularly in the context of a very high proportion of procedures associated with polypectomy, a known risk factor for perforation and bleeding. This study will help inform screening participants about the risks of colonoscopy in the BC program. Future studies are required to confirm these rates using hospital admission data. Funding Agencies None

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Sprynger, Muriel, Michel Willems, Hendrik Van Damme, Benny Drieghe, J. C. Wautrecht, and Marie Moonen. "Screening Program of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm." Angiology 70, no. 5 (January 17, 2019): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319718824940.

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In Europe, the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in the elderly population (≥65 year old) has declined in the past decades to <4%. Aneurysmal degeneration of the aorta is a serious and potentially life-threatening vascular disease. Abdominal aortic aneurysms typically develop subclinically and often only become symptomatic when complicated by impending rupture. Most AAAs are discovered incidentally while investigating for an unrelated pathology. Ruptured AAA is the tenth leading cause of death in Belgium (0.32% of all deaths in 2014). Health-care providers have emphasized the importance of early detection of AAA and elective repair when the rupture risk outweighs operative risk (usual diameter threshold of 55 mm). Routine AAA screening programs, consisting of a single abdominal ultrasonography at the age of 65 years, aim to reduce the number of AAA-related deaths. Does population-based ultrasound screening for AAA achieve its objective and is it cost-effective? This literature review tries to answer these challenging questions.

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Vives, Nuria, Núria Milà, Gemma Binefa, Noemie Travier, Albert Farre, Carmen Vidal, Maryam Sattari, Guillermo Bagaria, and Montse Garcia. "Role of community pharmacies in a population-based colorectal cancer screening program." Preventive Medicine 145 (April 2021): 106420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106420.

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Hegmane, A., and J. Eglitis. "Population-based mammography screening program in Latvia: Results of the first round." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2011): e11038-e11038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e11038.

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Thurfjell, E. L., K. A. Lernevall, and A. A. Taube. "Benefit of independent double reading in a population-based mammography screening program." Radiology 191, no. 1 (April 1994): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.191.1.8134580.

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Tomaszewski, Marcel, David Sanders, Robert A. Enns, Laura Gentile, Scott Cowie, Carla Nash, Denis Petrunia, et al. "Tu1056 COLONOSCOPY RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS IN A POPULATION-BASED COLON SCREENING PROGRAM." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 91, no. 6 (June 2020): AB524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2020.03.3228.

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Bergenmar, Mia, Sven Törnberg, and Yvonne Brandberg. "Factors Related To Non-Attendance In A Population Based Melanoma Screening Program." Psycho-Oncology 6, no. 3 (September 1997): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1611(199709)6:3<218::aid-pon265>3.0.co;2-g.

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Eisen, Andrea, June Carroll, Anna M. Chiarelli, Esti Heale, Meaghan Horgan, Wendy Meschino, Linda Rabeneck, Rene Shumak, and Ellen Warner. "Implementation of a population-based breast screening program for high-risk women in Ontario: The Ontario Breast Screening Program (OBSP) High-Risk Program." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e12034-e12034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e12034.

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e12034 Background: Genetic testing for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 has been clinically available in Ontario since 2000. It is estimated that over 15000 individuals have been tested. Evidence from clinical trials have consistently shown that women at high risk of breast cancer such as BRCA1/2 mutation carriers benefit from breast cancer screening that includes both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast and mammography, yet access to MRI in Ontario was variable. In 2011, Cancer Care Ontario established an expert panel to develop a protocol for expanding the Ontario Breast Screening Program, initially created for average risk women 50-74, to include MRI and mammography for eligible high risk women. Methods: The panel’s tasks included: 1. determining the criteria for high risk, 2. estimating the prevalence of high risk women, 3. selecting a model to estimate cancer risk, 4. developing a referral and assessment pathway for potentially eligible subjects to receive genetic counseling/risk assessment and screening if eligible, 5. developing educational resources, training plan and communication strategy for relevant stakeholders including primary care providers, oncologists, geneticists and genetic counselors, 6. developing indicators to permit program evaluation, 7. providing guidance for post-implementation issues such as subject eligibility and interpretation of genetic test results. Results: The program was initiated July, 2011 at 19 sites. Women aged 30-69 with and without a history of breast cancer are eligible if they 1. are BRCA1/2 mutation carriers or untested first degree relatives of carriers, 2. have a lifetime risk of breast cancer >=25% based on family history, or 3. received prior radiation therapy to the chest. It is estimated that 34000 high risk women in the target age group live in Ontario. Conclusions: A population based organized screening program for high risk women that includes genetic risk assessment has been implemented in Ontario. To our knowledge, this is the first organized screening program for women at high risk of breast cancer.

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Ondřej, Ngo, Chloupková Renata, Suchánek Štěpán, Ambrožová Monika, Hejcmanová Kateřina, Dvořák Petr, Zavoral Miroslav, Hejduk Karel, Dušek Ladislav, and Májek Ondřej. "Results from the evaluation of colorectal cancer screening in the Czech Republic." Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 77, no. 5 (October 30, 2023): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccgh2023385.

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Introduction: Colorectal cancer screening, which was introduced in the Czech Republic in 2000, plays an important role in reducing the population burden. It is necessary to continuously evaluate the organised population-based program and introduce necessary adjustments to ensure its high effectiveness, which in the long term leads to a reduction in the incidence and mortality of the disease. The aim of this article is to summarise and discuss the key results of the evaluation of the National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program based on available national data. Material and methods: The evaluation used the registries of the National Health Information System, the Registry of Preventive Colonoscopies, and data on population demographics managed by the Czech Statistical Office. The analysis was carried out on available data up to 2021. Basic indicators were calculated in accordance with international recommendations, which were adapted for the Czech environment. Results: A number of performance indicators for colorectal screening demonstrate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. Coverage of the target population by screening has stabilised at around 30% before the pandemic. Considering a three-year interval, the full coverage of the target population by screening reaches around 50%. Participation rates for follow-up colonoscopy after a positive faecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening ranged between 60 and 70% over time. FOBT screening positivity increased in the recent years up to 10%, which is reflected in the increase in the average waiting time for follow-up FOBT+ colonoscopy. Despite the identified limitations of the screening program, there has been a clear long-term decline in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Conclusion: The comprehensive screening information system enables the evaluation of colorectal screening. The evaluated indicators show that despite the positive impact of the screening program on the population burden, it still has its opportunities for improvement, and therefore it is essential to continue its monitoring in order to improve the quality of the whole program. Keywords colonoscopy, colorectal neoplasms, mass screening, occult blood, program evaluation, performance indicators, registries

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Shokar, Navkiran K., Jessica Calderón-Mora, Rebekah Salaiz, Nancy Casner, Marc J. Zuckerman, Theresa L. Byrd, Gurjeet S. Shokar, and Alok Dwivedi. "Implementation and Evaluation of a Large Community-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Program." Journal of Public Health Management & Practice 30, no. 3 (April 10, 2024): E143—E153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001864.

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Context: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening can significantly reduce incidence and mortality; however, screening rates are suboptimal. The lowest rates are among those with no usual source of care and the uninsured. Objective: We describe the implementation and evaluation of a community-based CRC screening program from 2012 to 2015 designed to increase screening within a predominantly Hispanic US-Mexico border population. Methods: The multicomponent, evidence-based program provided in-person, bilingual, culturally tailored health education facilitated by community health workers, no-cost primarily stool-based testing and diagnostic colonoscopy, and navigation. We recruited uninsured individuals due for CRC screening from clinics and community sites. An extensive qualitative and quantitative program process and outcome evaluation was conducted. Results: In total, 20 118 individuals were approached, 8361 were eligible for screening; 74.8% completed screening and 74.6% completed diagnostic testing; 14 cancers were diagnosed. The mean age of participants was 56.8 years, and the majority were Hispanic, female, and of low socioeconomic status. The process evaluation gathered information that enabled effective program implementation and demonstrated effective staff training, compliance with processes, and high patient satisfaction. Conclusions: This program used a population-based approach focusing on uninsured individuals and proved successful at achieving high fecal immunochemical test kit return rates and colonoscopy completion rates. Key factors related to its success included tailoring the intervention to our priority population, strong partnerships with community-based sites and clinics, expertise in clinical CRC screening, and an active community advisory board. This program can serve as a model for similar populations along the border to increase CRC screening rates among the underserved.

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Jensen, Lars Henrik, Anders Bojesen, Lene Byriel, Michael Hardt-Madsen, Katrine Urth Hansen, Christian Ladefoged, Jan Lindebjerg, Tine Plato Hansen, Lillian Bomme Ousager, and Inge Bernstein. "Implementing population-based screening for Lynch syndrome." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 6600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.6600.

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6600 Background: A myriad of molecular markers has been proposed and tested with the promise of improving cancer care. Few have been validated and even fewer have been implemented in daily clinic. The most common hereditary colorectal cancer entity, Lynch Syndrome, can be identified in a subset of colorectal cancer patients by screening molecular markers for mismatch-repair (MMR) deficiency. We wanted to implement this screening in a Danish region, optimize quality, and describe the results. Methods: All colorectal cancer (CRC) patients diagnosed from October 2010 to September 2012 in the Region of Southern Denmark were included. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for protein expression of the MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6 genes followed by MLH1 methylation analysis in cases with loss of pMLH1. Hereafter the indications for genetic counselling were lack of any MMR-protein – and in case missing pMLH1only those with no promoter-methylation of MLH1. Patients were included irrespectively of stage, post-mortem diagnosis, surgery, or other treatment. Accepted reasons for missed data were insufficient or autolyzed tumor material, but not data missing due to death, no surgery, or any logistic problem. Every 3-6 months the national pathology database was checked for missing data and feedback was given to the clinicians to ensure enrolling of all CRC patients. Results: CRC were diagnosed in 2,120 patients in a population of 1,200,000 with informative data for 1,932 patients at the time of analysis. 1,680 had normal protein expression of all four MMR-genes. 209 lacked pMLH1 of which 11 were not methylated. Loss of pMSH2, isolated pMSH6 or pPMS2 was seen in 23, 11, and 9 cases, respectively. Thus, the established screening program was positive in 54 patients. These patients are offered further genetic counselling and testing. Conclusions: Screening for Lynch Syndrome was feasible in a geographically defined area involving several clinical departments. Molecular screening for hereditary MMR-deficiency was positive in 54 of 1932 patients (2.8 %). Implementation of molecular markers in cancer care can be optimized by support from national databases and formalized quality feed back to the clinicians. Clinical trial information: NCT01216930.

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Vives, Nuria, Albert Farre, Gemma Ibáñez-Sanz, Carmen Vidal, Gemma Binefa, Núria Milà, Maria Jose Pérez-Lacasta, et al. "Text messaging as a tool to improve cancer screening programs (M-TICS Study): A randomized controlled trial protocol." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245806.

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Background Short message service (SMS) based interventions are widely used in healthcare and have shown promising results to improve cancer screening programs. However, more research is still needed to implement SMS in the screening process. We present a study protocol to assess the impact on health and economics of three targeted SMS-based interventions in population-based cancer screening programs. Methods/Design The M-TICs study is a randomized controlled trial with a formal process evaluation. Participants aged 50–69 years identified as eligible from the colorectal cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC) screening program of the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Catalonia, Spain) will be randomly assigned to receive standard invitation procedure (control group) or SMS-based intervention to promote participation. Two interventions will be conducted in the CRC screening program: 1) Screening invitation reminder: Those who do not participate in the CRC screening within 6 weeks of invite will receive a reminder (SMS or letter); 2) Reminder to complete and return fecal immunochemical test (FIT) kit: SMS reminder versus no intervention to individuals who have picked up a FIT kit at the pharmacy and they have not returned it after 14 days. The third intervention will be performed in the BC screening program. Women who had been screened previously will receive an SMS invitation or a letter invitation to participate in the screening. As a primary objective we will assess the impact on participation for each intervention. The secondary objectives will be to analyze the cost-effectiveness of the interventions and to assess participants’ perceptions. Expected results The results from this randomized controlled trial will provide important empirical evidence for the use of mobile phone technology as a tool for improving population-based cancer screening programs. These results may influence the cancer screening invitation procedure in future routine practice. Trial registration Registry: NCT04343950 (04/09/2020); clinicaltrials.gov.

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Mercer, Shawna L., and Vivek Goel. "Program Evaluation in the Absence of Goals: A Comprehensive Approach to the Evaluation of a Population-Based Breast Cancer Screening Program." Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation 9, no. 1 (March 1994): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjpe.09.006.

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Abstract: The aim of the province-wide Ontario Breast Screening Program (OBSP) is to reduce breast cancer mortality through providing screening for breast cancer to all Ontario women 50 and over. The authors identify the components of the OBSP and the organizational, political, and financial challenges and biases affecting its evaluation. They then argue that because key players have not yet established program goals from which process and outcome indicators can be identified, a goal-directed evaluation is not currently possible. They therefore develop a framework to permit the identification, categorization, and prioritization of all factors that need to be addressed in a comprehensive evaluation of the OBSP. This evaluation approach may be of assistance to evaluators of other complex programs about which consensus on program goals has not yet been attained.

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Weber, Jennifer E., and Mark Guiberson. "Recommended Audiometric Screening Strategies With Preschool-Age English Language Learners." Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Populations 18, no. 3 (October 2011): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cds18.3.57.

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This article describes the increase of English language learners (ELLs) in the preschool population across the United States and the pressing need for audiologists and other individuals performing preschool hearing screenings to adequately screen this population. The authors then present a university-based, regional, early childhood collaborative screening program. The authors also present general strategies for screening preschool-age populations as well as specific strategies to screen the audiometric status of young ELLs.

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Mazouzi, Chahira, Radia Benyahia, Esma Kerboua, Meriem Belloul, Malha Laoussati, Mokhtar Hamdi Cherif, and Kamel Bouzid. "Evaluation of the Algerian pilot program of colorectal cancer screening by immunological test." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 10, no. 12 (2023): 070–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.1012.7.

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The results of various randomized clinical trials have led to the establishment of pilot or organized colorectal cancer screening programs in several countries. To date, there is no mass screening program or strategy for colorectal cancer in Algeria for the average risk population. Thus, our work problematic was composed: mainly on the feasibility of implementing a colorectal cancer screening program. The objective of our study is to carry out an organized mass screening strategy for colorectal cancers in the wilaya of Bejaia as a pilot project within the framework of the 2015-2019 cancer plan. The criterion of judgment of this program established is the Rate of participation (TP) of the target population which must be higher or equal to 40%. The program developed is evaluated by performance indicators. The participation rate was 30.02%. 17(6‰) people are screened for colorectal cancer. The mean age of his patients is 59.76 years +/- 8.2, a median of 57 years and a mode equal to 50 years.24.24% people with advanced adenomas.At the end of our study in this pilot wilaya designated by the 2015-2019 cancer plan, it appears that the organized screening program is feasible subject to the following conditions: - Expand the pilot phase of a population-based screening in other sites in Algeria. - Institutionalize the colorectal cancer screening program at the local and national levels. - Provide a dedicated budget for this project. - Create a colorectal cancer mortality registry at the regional and national levels

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Yao, Boshuang, Jieru Peng, Wei Song, Liu Yang, Meng Zhang, Xia Wu, Shiyi Wu, Xiaoyu Wang, Chunrong Li, and Chunxia Yang. "Real-world effectiveness of cytology and HPV-based screening strategy in cervical cancer screening: A cross-sectional population-based study in Chengdu, China." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (February 29, 2024): e0299651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299651.

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Cervical cancer poses a significant health challenge in developing countries, emphasizing the need for appropriate screening strategies to accelerate the elimination of this disease. This study summarized the results of a large-scale community-based cervical cancer screening program conducted in Chengdu, China, to understand the prevalence of HPV infection and cervical lesions in the population, and to compare the real-world effectiveness of two different screening methods implemented in the program. From January 2021 to December 2022, a total of 363,376 women aged 35–64 years in Chengdu received free screenings. Among these participants, 70.1% received cytology screening and 29.9% received HPV testing combined with 16/18 genotyping and cytology triage. Ultimately, 824 cases of high-grade lesions and cervical cancer were detected, with a total detection rate of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions of 226.8 per 100,000. The follow-up rate of patients with high-grade lesions and above was 98.9%, and the treatment rate was 86.6%. The overall high-risk HPV infection rate was 11.7%, with the HPV 16/18 infection rate of 1.4%. The rate of abnormal cytology results was 2.8%. The attendance rates for colposcopy and histopathology were 71.6% and 86.1%, respectively. By calculating the age-standardized rates to eliminate the different age composition between the two group, the HPV-based screening strategy had a higher rate of primary screening abnormalities (3.4% vs. 2.8%, P<0.001), higher attendance rates of colposcopy (76.5% vs. 68.9%, P<0.001) and histopathological diagnosis (94.1% vs. 78.0%, P<0.001), higher percentage of abnormal colposcopy results (76.0% vs. 44.0%, P<0.001), and higher detection rate of cervical precancerous lesions and cancer (393.1 per 100,000 vs. 156.4 per 100,000, P<0.001) compared to cytology screening. Our study indicates that the combination of HPV testing with 16/18 genotyping and cytology triage has demonstrated superior performance in cervical cancer screening compared to cytology alone in large-scale population.

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Kedar, A., R. Hariprasad, R. Kanan, and R. Mehrotra. "Attitudes and Perceptions of Health Care Providers About the Implementation of Population Based Cancer Screening Program in India. A study From Assam." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 53s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.74800.

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Background: India is facing noncommunicable diseases epidemic with cancer as one of the main reasons of mortality. To bring this epidemic under control and as a measure of secondary prevention, government of India has rolled out operational framework for population cancer screening. As cancer screening is a new concept for Indian health care providers, this study focuses on the attitudes and perceptions of HCP from a district in Assam. Aim: To know the attitudes and perceptions of healthcare providers in Assam about the implementation of population based cancer screening program in India. Methods: This study was a part of ongoing Indian Council of Medical Research project at Cachar district, Assam. The study was conducted at Silchar, Assam and the study participants were attendees of the master trainers' workshop which was conducted for the pilot cancer screening program rolled out in Cachar district, Assam. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from the health care providers on the last day of the training. Data were gathered from 58 participants. The participants were medical officers, auxillary nurse midwives (ANM), accredited social health activists (ASHA), staff nurses, nongovernmental organization (NGO) representatives and other health care providers from public health facilities. Results: Majority of the study participants agreed with the concept of screening. Half of the study participants stated that they could conduct screening comfortably along with their other responsibilities. Lack of human resources and an overburdened human resource were the main challenges foreseen in the implementation of the program. 91% of the participants wanted GOI to implement the cancer screening program. Majority of the health personnel were in favor of primary health center (PHC) as the first preferable site of population cancer screening followed by subcenter being second on preference for screening. One-third of study participants opined that screening should be done by specialist doctors. Almost one fifth of participants stated that ASHA should do the screening and almost same number of participants thought that medical officer at PHC should do the screening. Conclusion: This is the first pilot study on the population based cancer screening guidelines released by the government of India. The organized screening program is yet to be rolled out in the country. Though many challenges were foreseen by the healthcare providers in carrying out the population based cancer screening, majority were optimistic for the implementation of this screening program.

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Wang, Jiangrong, K. Miriam Elfström, Camilla Lagheden, Carina Eklund, Karin Sundström, Pär Sparén, and Joakim Dillner. "Impact of cervical screening by human papillomavirus genotype: Population-based estimations." PLOS Medicine 20, no. 10 (October 27, 2023): e1004304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004304.

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Background Cervical screening programs use testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. Different HPV types differ greatly in prevalence and oncogenicity. We estimated the impact of cervical screening and follow-up for each HPV type. Methods and findings For each type of HPV, we calculated the number of women needed to screen (NNS) and number of women needing follow-up (NNF) to detect or prevent one cervical cancer case, using the following individual level input data (i) screening and cancer data for all women aged 25 to 80 years, resident in Sweden during 2004 to 2011 (N = 3,568,938); (ii) HPV type-specific prevalences and screening histories among women with cervical cancer in Sweden in 2002 to 2011(N = 4,254); (iii) HPV 16/18/other HPV prevalences in the population-based HPV screening program (N = 656,607); and (iv) exact HPV genotyping in a population-based cohort (n = 12,527). Historical screening attendance was associated with a 72% reduction of cervical cancer incidence caused by HPV16 (71.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [69.1%, 73.9%]) and a 54% reduction of cancer caused by HPV18 (53.8%, 95% CI [40.6%, 63.1%]). One case of HPV16-caused cervical cancer could be prevented for every 5,527 women attending screening (number needed to screen, NNS). Prevention of one case of HPV16-caused cervical cancer required follow-up of 147 HPV16–positive women (number needed to follow-up, NNF). The NNS and NNF were up to 40 to 500 times higher for HPV types commonly screened for with lower oncogenic potential (HPV35,39,51,56,59,66,68). For women below 30 years of age, NNS and NNF for HPV16 were 4,747 and 289, respectively, but >220,000 and >16,000 for HPV35,39,51,56,59,66,68. All estimates were either age-standarized or age-stratified. The primary limitation of our study is that NNS is dependent on the HPV prevalence that can differ between populations and over time. However, it can readily be recalculated in other settings and monitored when HPV type-specific prevalence changes. Other limitations include that in some age groups, there was little data and extrapolations had to be made. Finally, there were very few cervical cancer cases associated with certain HPV types in young age group. Conclusions In this study, we observed that the impact of cervical cancer screening varies depending on the HPV type screened for. Estimating and monitoring the impact of screening by HPV type can facilitate the design of effective and efficient HPV-based cervical screening programs. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov with numbers NCT00479375, NCT01511328.

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Marques, Bárbara Araújo, Ericka Vianna Machado Carellos, Vânia Maria Novato Silva, Fernando Henrique Pereira, Maria Regina Lage Guerra, Jacqueline Araújo Domingos Iturra, José Nélio Januário, and Gláucia Manzan Queiroz de Andrade. "Comparison between Enzyme Immunoassays Performed on Samples of Dried Blood and Serum for Toxoplasmosis Prenatal Screening: Population-based Study." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 43, no. 05 (May 2021): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1730285.

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Abstract Objective Most prenatal screening programs for toxoplasmosis use immunoassays in serum samples of pregnant women. Few studies assess the accuracy of screening tests in dried blood spots, which are of easy collection, storage, and transportation. The goals of the present study are to determine the performance and evaluate the agreement between an immunoassay of dried blood spots and a reference test in the serum of pregnant women from a population-based prenatal screening program for toxoplasmosis in Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to compare the immunoassays Imunoscreen Toxoplasmose IgM and Imunoscreen Toxoplasmose IgG (Mbiolog Diagnósticos, Ltda., Contagem, Minas Gerais, Brazil)in dried blood spots with the enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA, BioMérieux S.A., Lyon, France) reference standard in the serum of pregnant women from Minas Gerais Congenital Toxoplasmosis Control Program. Results The dried blood spot test was able to discriminate positive and negative results of pregnant women when compared with the reference test, with an accuracy of 98.2% for immunoglobulin G (IgG), and of 95.8% for immunoglobulin M (IgM). Conclusion Dried blood samples are easy to collect, store, and transport, and they have a good performance, making this a promising method for prenatal toxoplasmosis screening programs in countries with continental dimensions, limited resources, and a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis, as is the case of Brazil.

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Otter, Renée, You-Lin Qiao, Robert Burton, Massoud Samiei, Max Parkin, Edward Trapido, David Weller, Ian Magrath, and Simon Sutcliffe. "Organization of population-based cancer control programs: Europe and the World." Tumori Journal 95, no. 5 (September 2009): 623–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160909500505.

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As cancer is to a large extent avoidable and treatable, a cancer control program should be able to reduce mortality and morbidity and improve the quality of life of cancer patients and their families. However, the extent to which the goals of a cancer control program can be achieved will depend on the resource constraints a country faces. Such population-based cancer control plans should prioritize effective interventions and programs that are beneficial to the largest part of the population, and should include activities devoted to prevention, screening and early detection, treatment, palliation and end-of-life care, and rehabilitation. In order to develop a successful cancer control program, leadership and the relevant stakeholders, including patient organizations, need to be identified early on in the process so that all partners can take ownership and responsibility for the program. Various tools have been developed to aid them in the planning and implementation process. However, countries developing a national cancer control program would benefit from a discussion of different models for planning and delivery of population-based cancer control in settings with differing levels of resource commitment, in order to determine how best to proceed given their current level of commitment, political engagement and resources. As the priority assigned to different components of cancer control will differ depending on available resources and the burden and pattern of cancer, it is important to consider the relative roles of prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care in a cancer control program, as well as how to align available resources to meet prioritized needs. Experiences from countries with differing levels of resources are presented and serve to illustrate the difficulties in developing and implementing cancer control programs, as well as the innovative strategies that are being used to maximize available resources and enhance the quality of care provided to cancer patients around the world.

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Dundar, Pınar Erbay, Beyhan Cengiz Ozyurt, and Koray Erdurak. "Sociodemographic Determinants of Nonattendance in a Population-Based Mammography Screening Program in the City of Manisa, Turkey." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/816903.

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Objectives. Community based breast cancer screening has decreased breast cancer mortality in women. This study examined the predictors of nonattendence for invitational breast cancer screening in relation to socioeconomic status in the city of Manisa, in western Turkey.Study Design. For the evaluation of the reasons for refusing to participate in the study, two districts were selected. 446 women aged between 50 and 69 years were selected from the program database by systematic random sampling.Methods. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic variables and the adapted version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. Univariete and multivariete logistic regression analysis were performed throughout the data analysis.Results. Being from an urban district and being from the western region were the risk factors for not participating in the screening program (, ). A statistical significance was found between mammography-benefit, mammography-barrier and program participation (, ). Although there were many more barriers for not participating in the screening program for the women of the slum district, the attendence rate of the slum district was higher than that of the urban district.Conclusions. Increased attendance may be achieved through enhancement of breast cancer awareness and by reducing some of the modifiable barriers.

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Sanin, Veronika, Raphael Schmieder, Sara Ates, Lea Dewi Schlieben, Jens Wiehler, Ruoyu Sun, Manuela Decker, et al. "Population-based screening in children for early diagnosis and treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia: design of the VRONI study." Medizinische Genetik 34, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/medgen-2022-2115.

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Abstract Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most frequent monogenic disorder (prevalence 1:250) in the general population. Early diagnosis during childhood enables pre-emptive treatment, thus reducing the risk of severe atherosclerotic manifestations later in life. Nonetheless, FH screening programs are scarce. VRONI offers all children aged 5–14 years in Bavaria a FH screening in the context of regular pediatric visits. LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) is measured centrally, followed by genetic analysis for FH if exceeding the age-specific 95th percentile (130 mg/dl, 3.34 mmol/l). Children with FH pathogenic variants are treated by specialized pediatricians and offered a FH-focused training course by a qualified training center. Reverse cascade screening is recommended for all first-degree relatives. VRONI aims to prove the feasibility of a population-based FH screening in children and to lay the foundation for a nationwide screening program.

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Paszat, Lawrence F., Rinku Sutradhar, Jin Luo, Linda Rabeneck, and Jill Tinmouth. "Perforation and post-polypectomy bleeding complicating colonoscopy in a population-based screening program." Endoscopy International Open 09, no. 04 (April 2021): E637—E645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1381-7149.

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Abstract Background and study aims We aimed to estimate the rate of hospital admissions for perforation and for post-polypectomy bleeding, after outpatient colonoscopy following a first positive fecal occult blood test screen through the population-based ColonCancerCheck program in Ontario, Canada. Patients and methods We identified all individuals aged 50 to 74 years with a first positive CCC gFOBT screening result from 2008 to 2017 who underwent outpatient colonoscopy ≤ 6 months later and who did not receive a diagnosis of CRC ≤ 24 months later. We identified inpatient hospital admissions for colonic perforation ≤ 7 days after and for post-polypectomy bleeding ≤ 14 days following colonoscopy. Results Among 121,626 individuals who underwent colonoscopy, the rate of perforation was 0.6 per 1000 from 2008 to 2012 and 0.4 per 1000 from 2013 to 2017. The rate was elevated among those aged 70 to 74 years; those with comorbidities; when colonoscopy was performed by endoscopists other than gastroenterologists or endoscopists with low prior year volume; and when polypectomy was performed during colonoscopy. The rate of bleeding was 4.3 per 1000 and was elevated among those aged 70 to 74 years, those with comorbidity, and with complex polypectomy. Both outcomes were more common among those aged 70 to 74 years, those with a 5-year cumulative Charlson score ≥ 1, those with prior hospitalization for ischemic heart disease, and those with endoscopists whose prior year colonoscopy volume was in the three lower quartiles. Conclusions Colonic perforation and post-polypectomy bleeding, among participants of population-based colorectal screening programs who test positive in the absence of colorectal cancer, are infrequent but serious complications, which increase with participant age and comorbidity, and with endoscopist characteristics.

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Stamenić, Valerija, and Marija Strnad. "Urban-rural differences in a population-based breast cancer screening program in Croatia." Croatian Medical Journal 52, no. 1 (February 2011): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2011.52.76.

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