Готові списки джерел за темами / Polyvinyl chloride Testing

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Polyvinyl chloride Testing"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Polyvinyl chloride Testing"

Bezanson, Gregory, Susan Burbridge, David Haldane, and Thomas Marrie. "In situ colonization of polyvinyl chloride, brass, and copper by Legionella pneumophila." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-055.

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A sampling device (Robbins device) was used to expose brass, copper, and polyvinyl chloride plugs to potable water contaminated by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Plugs were removed at approximately 1-week intervals and cultured. The colonization rates were polyvinyl chloride, 70; copper, 31; and brass, 25%. Quantitative cultures revealed that polyvinyl chloride was most heavily colonized, whereas brass was least colonized. We conclude that materials used in plumbing systems are readily colonized by Legionella and that the Robbins device provides a means for testing such materials in an in situ setting. Key words: Legionella, colonization, plumbing materials.

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Palshin, V. A., E. N. Danilovtseva, M. S. Strelova, S. N. Zelinskiy, and V. V. Annenkov. "Fluorescent nanoplastic particles: synthesis and influence on diatoms." Limnology and Freshwater Biology, no. 5 (2020): 1067–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31951/2658-3518-2020-a-5-1067.

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A method for obtaining fluorescent labeled polyvinyl chloride nanoparticles of 60-110 nm by deposition of plastic and dye solution into water has been developed. These nanoparticles are suitable for testing effect of nanoplastic on living organisms. We have cultivated diatom algae Ulnaria ferefusiformis in the presence of polyvinyl chloride nanoparticles and revealed that the suppression of the vital activity in diatoms is not due to the penetration of nanoparticles into the cell but arises from their association with the outer surface of the cells near the labiate process (rimoportula).

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Kweon, Deok-Jun, Ki-In Choi, Hui-Jeong Eom, Jae-In Lee, and Zel-Ho Choi. "Development of the testing method for vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in polyvinyl chloride(PVC) samples." Analytical Science and Technology 25, no. 6 (December 25, 2012): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5806/ast.2012.25.6.395.

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Hosseini, Payam, Sultan Alhomair, Zahra Faeli, Mohammad Pour-Ghaz, Mohammed Gabr, Detlef Knappe, and Cyrus Parker. "Degradation Model for the Tensile Strength of PVC and Rubber Gasket Materials Exposed to Benzene and PCE-Saturated Aqueous Solutions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 2 (February 2020): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120906126.

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In this paper, a tensile strength degradation model is developed for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and three rubber gasket materials commonly used in stormwater drains and wet utilities; the degradation model considers exposure to a single contaminant at its saturation level. The contaminant considered included benzene and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) because of their prevalence. The materials considered are unplasticized Polyvinyl chloride (u-PVC) utilized as the pipe material, and three types of rubber gaskets: Polychloroprene (Neoprene-CR), Acrylonitrile (nitrile) butadiene rubber (Buna-N), and fluoroelastomer rubber (FKM—Grade A VitonTM). First, the degradation rates of these materials are experimentally quantified using accelerated testing; then using the experimental results and Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) method a degradation model is developed. Finally, a simplified method is introduced to relate the tensile strength degradation of PVC to the penetration rate of the contaminants.

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Yang, Ruiyue, Zhongwei Huang, Gensheng Li, Kamy Sepehrnoori, Qing Lin, and Chengzheng Cai. "Integrity Testing of a Polyvinyl Chloride Slotted Liner for Horizontal Coalbed-Methane Wells." SPE Drilling & Completion 32, no. 02 (June 1, 2017): 086–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/185958-pa.

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Li, Huabei, Xiaolin Wang, Hongying Chu, and Xinding Yao. "Synthesis of a polyester plasticizer from rubber seed oil for polyvinyl chloride." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2022-0023.

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Abstract A polyester plasticizer (RSOP) for polyvinyl chloride based on rubber seed oil (RSO) was synthesized. Firstly, RSO monoglyceride were synthesized by the transesterification of RSO with glycerol at 220–240 °C. Secondly, RSOP was synthesized from RSO monoglyceride and adipic acid by esterification. The polyester plasticizer was characterized by GPC, FT-IR, 1H NMR and DSC. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials with RSOP and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) in varying ratios were prepared via thermal melting process, RSOP was used as a second plasticizer. The properties of the plasticized PVC materials were characterized by a universal testing machine, TGA, DMA and solvent extraction resistance. The obtained PVC materials showed improved thermal stability and lower glass transition temperature than PVC. Solvent extraction resistance and plasticization of plasticized PVC were also improved. This study provides a new strategy for preparing bio-based polyester plasticizer from RSO.

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Lingenfelter, Peter, Bartosz Bartoszewicz, Jan Migdalski, Tomasz Sokalski, Mirosław M. Bućko, Robert Filipek, and Andrzej Lewenstam. "Reference Electrodes with Polymer-Based Membranes—Comprehensive Performance Characteristics." Membranes 9, no. 12 (November 29, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9120161.

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Several types of liquid membrane and solid-state reference electrodes based on different plastics were fabricated. In the membranes studied, equitransferent organic (QB) and inorganic salts (KCl) are dispersed in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), urea-formaldehyde resin (UF), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), as well as remelted KCl in order to show the matrix impact on the reference membranes’ behavior. The comparison of potentiometic performance was made using specially designed standardized testing protocols. A problem in the reference electrode research and literature has been a lack of standardized testing, which leads to difficulties in comparing different types, qualities, and properties of reference electrodes. Herein, several protocols were developed to test the electrodes’ performance with respect to stability over time, pH sensitivity, ionic strength, and various ionic species. All of the prepared reference electrodes performed well in at least some respect and would be suitable for certain applications as described in the text. Most of the reference types, however, demonstrated some weakness that had not been previously highlighted in the literature, due in large part to the lack of exhaustive and/or consistent testing protocols.

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Krivushina, A. A., D. V. Sevastyanov, E. A. Shein, M. I. Daskovsky, Z. Usagawa, G. P. Avilleira, and M. G. Batista. "STUDY FOR DESTRUCTIVE INFLUENCE OF MICROMYCETE STRAINS, ISOLATED UNDER CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA, ON POLYMER FILM MATERIALS." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 4 (2021): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-4-141-150.

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A laboratory study for biodegradation of polymer film materials (high-density and low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride) under the action of mircomycete strains isolated under conditions of the island of Cuba was carried out. The maximum growth of micromycetes was observed in case of PVC samples. The minimum level of biodegradation for PVC films revealed at the mould resistance test (28 days) was confirmed by the results of tensile testing.

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Trias Atmadja, Wahyu Mahendra, Herman Parung, Rita Irmawaty, and A. Arwin Amiruddin. "Behavior Hollow Concrete Reinforced Slab with The Utilization of Polyvivyl Chloride Pipe as a Cavity." Open Civil Engineering Journal 15, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502115010172.

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Background: Slab weight can be reduced by replacing the amount of concrete in the tensile area with the utilization of modification polyvinyl chloride pipe as cavity without reducing the flexural strength because the nature of concrete is weak against tensile strength. Methods: This research with the experimental method using static load. The setting of tools refers to the American Society for Testing and Material E 2322, bending analysis is used moment coefficient method, deflection by applying Ugural and Navier method, and shear analysis using Indonesia National Standard 03-2847-2019. Results: The specimens consist of solid plates with a thickness of 140 mm and hollow plates with a thickness of 140 mm and 159 mm. The maximum load capacity solid plate is 410.642 kN, while the hollow plates (140 mm) is 335.18 kN, and for the hollow plates 159 mm is 396.257 kN. The solid plate’s stiffness is 16.321, the hollow plates 140 mm is 14.787 and the hollow plate 159 mm is 24.194, while the ductility is 1.993 on solid plate, the hollow plate 140 mm is 2.014, and the hollow plate 159 mm is 1.862. The solid plate’s damage is flexural, while the two hollow plates are a combination of bending and shear damage. The crack pattern on the solid plates is flexible, while the crack pattern on both hollow plates is a combination of flexural cracks and shear cracks. Conclusion: The use of modified polyvinyl chloride pipes can be recommended in the structure of the plate. There is a small, insignificant difference in the flexural behaviour between the solid plate and hollow concrete reinforced slab with the utilization of Polyvinyl Chloride.

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Torres, L. M., João Pedro Nunes, João F. Silva, and António Torres Marques. "New PVC Matrix Towpregs and Composites." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.241.

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A cost efficient powder coating technology developed in previous work [1-3] was modified to produce glass fibre/polyvinyl chloride (GF/PVC) towpregs that were subsequently processed by compression moulding and filament winding. The production of GF/PVC towpregs was optimized and a process window established. The composite structures obtained were submitted to mechanical testing and the results compared with the theoretical predictions made using the classical laminate theory (CLT). The obtained results showed that the GF/PVC composites properties are compatible with all major engineering applications.

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Більше джерел

Книги з теми "Polyvinyl chloride Testing"

Moser, A. P. Evaluation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe performance. Denver, CO: The Foundation and American Water Works Association, 1994.

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Swihart, Jay. Mechanical properties of PVC well screen and casing. Denver, Colo: Applied Sciences Branch, Research and Laboratory Services Division, Denver Office, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1989.

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Rosa, Maria I. De. Oxidative thermal degradation of PVC-derived fiberglass, cotton, and jute brattices and other mine materials: A comparison of toxic gas and liquid concentrations and smoke-particle characterization. Pittsburgh, Pa. (Cochrans Mill Rd., P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh 15236): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1986.

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Reference methods for source testing: Determination of releases of vinyl chloride from vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride plants. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada, 2006.

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Volume 08.02 Plastics (Ii) D 3222--d 5083. Astm Intl, 2005.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Polyvinyl chloride Testing"

Wham, Brad P., Christina Argyrou, Thomas D. O’Rourke, Harry E. Stewart, and Timothy K. Bond. "PVCO Pipeline Performance Under Large Ground Deformation." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8508.

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Technological advances have improved pipeline capacity to accommodate large ground deformation associated with earthquakes, floods, landslides, tunneling, deep excavations, mining, and subsidence. The fabrication of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) piping, for example, can be modified by expanding PVC pipe stock to approximately twice its original diameter, thus causing PVC molecular chains to realign in the circumferential direction. This process yields biaxially oriented polyvinyl chloride (PVCO) pipe with increased circumferential strength, reduced pipe wall thickness, and enhanced cross-sectional flexibility. This paper reports on experiments performed at the Cornell University Large-Scale Lifelines Testing Facility characterizing PVCO pipeline performance in response to large ground deformation. The evaluation was performed on 150-mm (6-in.)-diameter PVCO pipelines with bell-and-spigot joints. The testing procedure included determination of fundamental PVCO material properties, axial joint tension and compression tests, four-point bending tests, and a full-scale fault rupture simulation. The test results show the performance of segmental PVCO pipelines under large ground deformation is strongly influenced by the axial pullout and compressive load capacity of the joints, as well as their ability to accommodate deflection and joint rotation. The PVCO pipeline performance is quantified in terms of its capacity to accommodate horizontal ground strain, and compared with a statistical characterization of lateral ground strains caused by soil liquefaction during the Canterbury earthquake sequence in New Zealand.

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Ceylan, M., K. Nilsen, H. Misak, and R. Asmatulu. "Development of Low Pressure Filter Testing Vessel and Analysis of Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Water Treatment." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62765.

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A low-pressure filtration unit incorporated with polymeric electrospun polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fiber membranes was designed and fabricated for the treatment of waste water in order to improve its quality. This custom-made pressure filter was designed according to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the electrospun membranes. In order to increase the hydrophilicity and filtration rates of PVC membranes, a lower dosage of poly (ethylene oxide) was added to the PVC solution prior to the electrospinning process. The filter was found to be well suited for the reduction of larger suspended solids, turbidity, and odor. It was demonstrated that this type of filtration membrane could be manufactured at a lower cost and not require electricity or any other external power source to achieve high flow rates. This technology could even be used to enhance the quality of tap water in many places, such as Africa. Another application could be a pre-filtration of reverse osmosis (RO) or other ultrafine filtration systems, to increase the life of the primary filter while decreasing fouling and maintenance.

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Ciechanowski, Ata. "NSF/ANSI 14: Third Party Certification for High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78080.

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NSF/ANSI Standard 14 (NSF 14) was developed in 1965 to establish a standard for the testing and certification of plastic materials for both toxicological health effects as well as performance. At the time of introduction, NSF 14 covered pipe and fittings for only potable water applications and a small number of plastic materials, i.e. polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and polyethylene (PE). Over the 46 years since its development and introduction, NSF 14 has evolved into a plastic standard that is no longer restricted to potable water. It now covers a wide variety of applications such as DWV (drain, waste and vent), sewer, natural gas, industrial applications and reclaimed water. In addition, it covers a wide variety of materials such as polypropylene (PP), HDPE, Polyamide (PA), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) and polysulfone (PPSU). This paper will specifically cover third party certification for HDPE pipe. It will address material, performance and quality control requirements.

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Beschorner, K. E., M. R. Lovell, and M. S. Redfern. "Shoe-Floor Frictional Properties for Varying Sliding Speed, Pressure and Contaminant." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44363.

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Injuries resulting from slips and falls are a major health concern. Current devices to measure slip resistance of shoe-floor-contaminant interfaces attempt to mimic biomechanical conditions (shoe angle, sliding speed, and normal force); however, the results are variable, depending upon the measurement methods used. Thus, an understanding of shoe-floor surface interaction from a theoretical view could provide insights into coefficient of friction (COF) of the shoe-floor interface and improve testing procedures. The purpose of this work was to provide basic measurement towards an understanding of the fundamental characteristics of shoe-floor friction. In experiment #1, the effects of nominal pressure and sliding speed on COF are examined for dry conditions using two common shoe materials. In experiment #2, effects of sliding speed on COF when a contaminant is present are examined for the same shoe materials. All experiments were conducted on a tribometer where a patch of shoe material was loaded on a rotating disc of floor material. The two shoe materials were polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride. Three load levels corresponding to nominal pressures of 4.3, 22.1 and 57.6 kPa on the polyurethane and 3.8, 19.6 and 51.2 kPa on the polyvinyl chloride and three speed levels of 16, 78 and 156 mm/sec were examined in experiment #1. In experiment #2 six levels of speed were adjusted at 16, 39, 78, 117, 156 and 195 mm/sec. COF were measured using the tribometer with a computerized data acquisition system. Nominal pressure was determined from the apparent contact area and the applied load. Three trials were recorded and averaged for each condition. In experiment #1, the COF was found to be smaller at lower speeds and nominal pressures but was independent of pressure and speed at moderate and higher speeds and pressures. At low nominal pressures, few asperities may have been in contact between the shoe and floor material, which may have caused the lower COF. In experiment #2, COF decreased with increasing sliding speed. The shape of this curve was similar to the Stribeck curve. Therefore, it was determined that as sliding speed increased, fluid thickness increased, which decreased the interaction of asperities between the shoe and floor surfaces.

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Labriola, Corrado, and Vito Tagarielli. "ARPRO®: A New Structural Core Material for the Yacht Industry." In SNAME 18th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2007-010.

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Sandwich structures are increasingly used in marine applications where high bending specific stiffness and strength are required. So far, expanded polymeric foams such as Styrene Acrilonitrile (SAN) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) have been proved to be the most suitable core materials for motor and sailing yacht sandwich constructions. ISO standards have accepted these materials and suggested design rules built around their mechanical properties. One of the main drawbacks in the application of sandwich composite structures is the fact that their load carrying ability may be significantly reduced by the presence of a local damage such as core indentation or partial face sheet delamination. Local damages usually take place in dynamic scenarios and they can be caused by indentation due to floating object impacts, interaction with mooring structures and rocks or by high deformations due to slamming loads. It should be noted that such damages usually cannot be observed from outside the sandwich construction and they may cause a serious reduction in load-bearing capacity, jeopardizing the safety of the boat and its crew. ARPRO® is an expanded polypropylene (EPP) foam extensively used in the automotive industry, where it has gained full approval due to its outstanding energy absorption characteristics. Unlike standard polymeric foams, ARPRO® foams possess a hyper-elastic stress versus strain response and recover their initial shape after having undergone very high deformations. For this reason this material is expected to enable the design of sandwich panels with an enhanced damage tolerance. In the case of an impact, the core stores the energy as it is compressed and once the load is released it will return to its original geometry preventing the skin from debonding. SAN or PVC cores would absorb the energy by destroying their cell structure leading in this way to core-skin delamination. On the other hand, ARPRO® has lower shear and compressive moduli which implies lower sandwich structures performances in static scenarios. This paper presents static and dynamic testing aimed at determining the relative mechanical performances of sandwich beams cored both with ARPRO® and SAN foams. Comparison of the static and dynamic response ofthe two materials shows that ARPRO® is a potentially competitive core material for composite sandwich construction.

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Venezia, Domenico, Samuel Joshi, Michael Van Brunt, and Andrew Szurgot. "Energy-From-Waste and Dioxin Emission Control: Is There a Role for PVC Separation?" In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3539.

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The role that chlorine and polyvinyl chlorine (PVC) plays in dioxin emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion has been studied and debated for 25 years. Despite energy-from-waste (EfW) facilities’ dramatic emission reductions following implementation of USEPA’s Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Guidelines, the PVC/dioxin relationship remains a source of controversy. The issue is whether removal of PVC from waste to be combusted will result in further dioxin emission reductions, as waste separation proponents allege. This paper uses the large volume of post-MACT emission testing data to describe the relationship between MSW chlorine content and dioxin emissions at operating EfW facilities and thereby determines whether PVC separation is likely to be an effective component of a dioxin emission reduction strategy. The paper also shows chlorine and PVC contents and trends in MSW, reviews dioxin formation/destruction/collection mechanisms in EfW facilities, and presents emission data as a function of EfW facility designs. The paper concludes that dioxin emissions at existing EfW facilities are insensitive to MSW chlorine content and that pre-combustion PVC removal offers no discernable emission reduction benefit.

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