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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Polyuréthane sans isocyanate (NIPU)"
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Дисертації з теми "Polyuréthane sans isocyanate (NIPU)"
Bossion, Amaury. "New challenges in the synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethanes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0360/document.
Повний текст джерелаAmong all plastic materials, polyurethanes (PUs) represent the 6th most popularly usedpolymers in the World. They are industrially synthesized by the reaction between a diol and adiisocyanate, in the presence of a metal catalyst and an organic solvent. Nevertheless, thissynthesis presents important environmental and health problems. In order to replace thesetoxic compounds, advances in this field have led to a number of isocyanate-free processes.However, these processes have to face many challenges (physical properties, molarmasses, side reactions, etc.), in order to compete with conventional polyurethanes.Therefore, part of this manuscript is dedicated to a rational study of the influence oforganocatalysts, such as TBD or P4, not only on the polymerization kinetics of the aminolysisof bis-cyclic carbonates, but also on the structure and properties of the resulting PUs.Subsequently, and in order to limit the use of volatile organic compounds, aqueousdispersions of non-isocyanate PUs were obtained by adapting: 1) the acetone process to theaminolysis of bis-cyclic carbonates and 2) the interfacial polymerization to thepolycondensation of linear dicarbonates with diamines
Vanbiervliet, Élise. "Synthèses originales de polyuréthanes sans isocyanate (NIPUs)." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S142.
Повний текст джерелаConventional polyurethanes (PUs) involve the use of isocyanates, which are considerably toxic and require phosgene for their manufacture. To tackle environmental issues, it is necessary to elaborate different routes to PUs. In this context, two isocyanate-free strategies towards the preparation of polythiourethanes (PTUs), i.e. non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs), have being developed. The first way involves the synthesis of α,ω-di(dithiocyclocarbonate) telechelic poly(propylene glycol) (bis(5DTCC)-PPG), poly(tetrahydrofurane diglycidyl ether) (bis(5DTCC)-PTG), upon chemical modification of the corresponding α,ω-diepoxide telechelic polymers (PPG, PTG, respectively) through cycloaddition of carbon disulfide. The second approach involves the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), using Grubbs’ 2nd generation ruthenium catalyst, of cycloolefins using 16 differents chain-transfer agents. Bis(5DTCC) telechelic copolyolefins are thus synthesized. Reaction of the end-capping 5DTCC moieties with a diamine by ring-opening polyaddition ultimately affords at room temperature the corresponding NIPTU
Chen, Xinyi. "Polyuréthanes à base de tannins et de glucides sans isocyanate (NIPU) pour adhésifs, mousses et finitions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0286.
Повний текст джерелаThis research was focus on bioresources, including tannin, lignin, soybean protein, humins, to prepare bio-based wood adhesives and foams. There are four main parts, including two kinds of wood adhesives preparation by using bio-resources, i.e., bio-sourced NIPU wood adhesives and bio-based (tannin, SPI, and lignin) wood adhesives without toxic formaldehyde; two kinds of tannin-foam products, i.e., typical tannin-furanic foam and non-isocyanate polyurethane foams. (1) Commercial humins, soybean protein isolation (SPI), and mimosa tannin have been utilized to prepare wood adhesives, based on the formulation of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU). The basic properties of the adhesives were determined. Techniques such as MALDI-ToF and FTIR were used to detect the products obtained and for analyzing the reaction mechanisms involved. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) was utilized to investigate the thermal behavior of the adhesives. Finally, the laboratory plywood or particleboard were prepared for evaluating the bonding performances of adhesives. (2) A novel biomass-based wood adhesive was prepared with commercial mimosa tannin extract and glycerol diglycidyl ether (GOE) by convenient mechanical mixing. GOE served as the crosslinker of the tannin without any aldehyde addition yielding hardened threedimensional networks. Oifferent weight ratios of tannin/GOE were investigated by several techniques to determine their influence on final properties. Two kinds of lignin-based adhesives were prepared, i.e., ( i ) glyoxal modified lignin and dialdehyde starch cross-linked by urea; ( ii ) periodate oxidation by two-steps. The molecular species formed and the reactions mechanism involved were determined by FT-IR, 13C NMR and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. The adhesives based on this reaction were tested by bonding laboratory plywood or particleboard, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermomechanical analysis (TMA). (3) A tannin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) rigid foam was obtained. Citric acid and glutaraldehyde mixture served as a blowing and crosslinker agent used to provide foaming energy and cross-link the tannin-based resin to prepare the NIPU foams. The reaction mechanism of the tannin-based NIPU foams were investigated by FT-IR, MALDI-TOF, and 13C NMR. Additionally, tannin was also used as a natural tire-retardant to improve the final properties of glucose-based NIPU foams, including fire retardancy and compression strength. (4) A biorefinery waste, humins, and soybean protein insolate (SPI) were selected as formaldehyde substitute bio-sourced crosslinkers for two kinds of tannin-based foam formulations. As expected, the properties were improved by using these bio-sourced crosslinkers. The basic properties of series tannin foams were investigated. The morphology and structure characteristics were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the crosslinking reaction mechanisms between tannin with the two bio-sourced crosslinkers, i.e., humins and SPI, were determined by MALDE-ToF and FTIR spectrometry. Finally, the thermal stability, mechanical properties, fire retardancy and formaldehyde emission were evaluated by the relevant techniques
Boisaubert, Pierre. "Synthèse de nouveaux revêtements polyuréthanes biosourcés sans isocyanates." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR18.
Повний текст джерелаThe synthesis of polyurethanes (PUs) was developed by Bayer et al. in 1937 and consists in a polyaddition step between polyols and diisocyanates. Isocyanates are hazardous substances that can be very harmful for the environment and human beings. Currently, the development of sustainable, alternative and eco-friendly routes to PUs through non-Isocyanate pathways (NIPUs) is of great interest. A transurethanization polycondensation pathway has been developed to produce hydroxy-functional NIPU oligomers precursors of NIPU coatings. The chemical structures were evidenced by spectroscopic (NMR and FTIR), chromatographic (GPC) and thermal analysis (TGA, DSC). Our study in a 1-kilogram scale has confirmed that the process has a great potential for future industrial applications. These oligomers were then photo-crosslinked after the functionalization of hydroxyl terminal groups with acrylate or methacrylate moieties. The influence of urethane functions and oligomer morphology on the surface, thermal and mechanical properties of the final non-isocyanate acrylate polyurethane (NIPUAs) coatings was demonstrated. Dozen oligomers of different sizes and microstructures were used and allowed the development of a wide range of coatings whose properties include those of commercial soft coatings, derived from aqueous formulations. They exhibit thermal stabilities above 255 ° C, Young modulus ranging from 2.6 to 25.5 MPa, tensile strength up to 11.8 MPa and elongation at break varying from 20 to 520 %. Thus, coatings have been successfully developed by a completely free isocyanate route
Chauveau, Cyril. "Non-isocyanate polyurethanes, polyamides and silyl modified polymers synthesized by olefin metathesis : alternative solutions to polyurethane adhesives." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S127.
Повний текст джерелаPolyurethanes (PUs) have been used as adhesives for decades, but the toxic isocyanates needed for their synthesis is now on the scope of regulations. In this work, we describe three potential alternative technologies to classic PUs, based on a powerful polymerization tool: olefin metathesis. The first technology relies on the synthesis of nonisocyanate polyurethanes from vinylene carbonate (VC) functionalities. Telechelic VC polyolefins were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization/cross-metathesis (ROMP/CM) of cycloolefins with a VC chain-transfer agent (CTA). However, polyaddition attempts with a diamine evidenced side-reactions, preventing the isolation of the expected material The second technology considered is the synthesis of polyamide (PA). Following a similar strategy, telechelic azlactone (AZL) polyolefins were synthesized by ROMP/CM of cycloolefins with an AZL CTA, then, were subsequently opened by a diamine. PA were successfully obtained through this strategy, however in small quantities, thus, no mechanical nor adhesive tests were carried out. The last technology uses silyl modified polymers (SMPs). Three type of SMPs were synthesized, using diverse olefin metathesis strategies : polypropylene (PPG), polycylooctene (PCOE)/PPG copolymers and polybutadiene (PBD)/PPG copolymers. Curing of the trimethoxysilyl or triethoxysilyl groups inside these SMPs was studied using different catalytic systems, as well as the mechanical and adhesive properties of the materials obtained. Among them, PCOE/PPG copolymers displayed remarkable good mechanical and adhesive properties, better than the majority of commercial SMPs available today
Xi, Xuedong. "Développement d'adhésifs industriels à base de biomatériaux et de mélamine sans formaldéhyde." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0171.
Повний текст джерелаIn this research, there are two main parts works, first is based on melamine glyoxal resin without formaldehyde used, and the modification of it use for wood industry adhesives. The other part is the preparation of environmentally friendly adhesives and non-isocyanate polyurethane(NIPU) from biomass-based (sugar, protein, tannin, etc.). Wood composites such as plywood and particleboard were used for easuring the performance of adhesives, and more possibilities applications of them such as coating and foams were tried also. 13C-NMR, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF), thermomechanical analysis(TMA), Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and other instruments help to analyze structures and thermodynamic properties of adhesives. The descriptions of specific works are as follows: 1) Synthetic melamine-glyoxal resin without use toxic formaldehyde and a suitable hardener was found for it. By the modification of glutaraldehyde, a melamine-glyoxal-glutaraldehyde(MGG') resin with good performance was prepared and used for plywood production, which can replace the industrial Urea-formaldehyde resin wood adhesive. In addition, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as a chemical reagent derived from biomass material was also used to modify MG resin to improve its bonding performance and water resistance. 2) The biomass material furfuryl alcohol was used to react with aldehydes (formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde) to prepare plywood adhesives. Among them, furfuryl alcohol-glyoxal(FAG) resin, which was reacted with a non-toxic glyoxal, and with a good bonding propertiesis. It’s as an environmentally friendly adhesive for wood bongding. The effect of different acidity of curing agents on bonding performance has also been explored, a self-neutralizing hardener is synthesized and used. 3) Proteins, tannins were used to prepare bio-based environmentally friendly wood adhesives, and improved the bonding properties and water resistance by the addition of crosslinking agents (furfuryl alcohol-glyoxal resins, epoxy resins, polyethyleneimine, etc.). 4) Biomass materials such as monosaccharide and disaccharide were used to synthesize non-isocyanate polyurethane(NIPU), and used for plywood or particleboard to obtain bio-based NIPU adhesives with excellent performance. The effect of several crosslinkers on the curing temperature and bonding properties of NIPU was also studied. Research on more application about NIPU have also been conducted, for example, coating and rigid foams
Sonnati, Matthieu. "Résines alkydes biosourcées uréthanisées sans isocyanate par réticulation non-oxydative." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4064.
Повний текст джерелаAlkyd resins are the major binders used in surface coatings today. They are obtained by polycondensation of polybasic acids, polyols, fatty acids and monobasic acids. The raising sustainability awareness is pressuring for the transition from petrobased to biobased products with equivalent costs and performances. While conventional alkyd resins have high content in renewable raw materials such as fatty acids and polyols, replacement of petrobased raw materials such as phthalate and benzoic derivatives remained a challenge. After reviewing the current state-of-the-art regarding conventional alkyd resins, we focused on understanding the specific issues related to the synthesis of biobased alkyd resins. Several biobased alkyd resins were synthesized and characterized using techniques such as SEC, DSC and rheometer. Conventional alkyd paints chemically dry through an oxidative mechanism, which requires cobalt salts to occur in less than 6 h. These salts are under the scope of REACH because of their toxicity. As a possible alternative, we proposed a non-oxidative crosslinking mechanism based on the reaction of 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane (ODO) groups and primary amines. This crosslinking mechanism was first studied with the model reaction between glycerol carbonate and ethylenediamine. The functionalization of ODO groups on vegetable oils was then studied as model molecule of alkyd resins, enabling the determination of optimal reaction conditions and that oligomerization occurs as a side reaction. Alkyd resins bearing ODO groups were then synthesized and characterized, then converted into non-isocyanate urethanized alkyd resins by reaction with diamines
Brocas, Anne-Laure. "Polymérisation anionique des époxydes par activation du monomère : monomères renouvelables et polymères fonctionnalisés." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14409/document.
Повний текст джерелаMonomer-activated anionic polymerization allows the obtention of versatile polyethers using nucleophilic species in the presence of a Lewis acid, i.e. triisobutylaluminium. This method enables the synthesis of α-,ω-plurihydroxytelechelic polyethers. The (co)polymerization of allyl glycidyl ether with various epoxides allowed the preparation of copolyethers with reactive side groups. A cyclo-carbonate functionalization was carried out in order to introduce hydroxyurethane functions by reaction with amines. This reaction allows the preparation of isocyanate-free polyurethane. Finally, resinic acids were modified chemically to prepare epoxy resins and isocyanate-free polyurethanes. A polyether based on epoxidized resinic derivatives was also synthesized by ring-opening anionic polymerization and monomer activation
Carre, Camille. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux polyuréthanes respectueux de l'environnement et de la santé." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE043.
Повний текст джерелаNovative and performant polyurethane materials without isocyanate were synthesized using biobased molecules for applications in automotive and building industries. After a state of the art, different building blocks were selected and various strategies were established to develop new (macro)molecular architectures. First, reactions between a biscyclocarbonate from a model structure and dimer diamines were studied as well as the impact of various reaction parameters. Secondly, this approach was adapted to fully biobased materials. The properties of these nonisocyanate polyurethanes were compared with those of conventional ones. The influence of the monomer structures on the final materials was also demonstrated. The performance of some thermoset materials have confirmed the importance of the chosen strategies for the desired applications. Finally, a third approach was dedicated to the synthesis of thermoplastic nonisocyanate polyurethanes via a prepolymer synthesis. The various studies have revealed the specific impact of the building block structure on the macromolecular organization, and thus on the properties of the final materials