Статті в журналах: "Polystyrene microbeads"

1

Valtchev, Valentin. "Core−Shell Polystyrene/Zeolite A Microbeads." Chemistry of Materials 14, no. 3 (March 2002): 956–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm010927d.

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2

Tuncel, Ali, Ridvan Kahraman, and Erhan Pişkin. "Monosize polystyrene microbeads by dispersion polymerization." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50, no. 2 (October 10, 1993): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070500212.

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3

Ozanich, Richard M., Kate C. Antolick, Cindy J. Bruckner-Lea, Brian P. Dockendorff, Ashton N. Easterday, Heather C. Edberg, Jay W. Grate, et al. "Use of a Novel Fluidics Microbead Trap/Flow-Cell Enhances Speed and Sensitivity of Bead-Based Bioassays." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 12, no. 5 (October 2007): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jala.2007.05.002.

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Automated devices and methods for biological sample preparation often use surface functionalized microbeads (superparamagnetic or nonmagnetic) to allow capture, purification, and preconcentration of trace amounts of proteins, cells, or nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) from complex samples. We have developed unique methods and hardware for trapping either magnetic or nonmagnetic functionalized beads that allow samples and reagents to be efficiently perfused over a microcolumn of beads. This approach yields enhanced mass transport and up to fivefold improvements in assay sensitivity or speed, dramatically improving assay capability relative to assays conducted in more traditional “batch modes” (i.e., in tubes or microplate wells). Summary results are given that highlight the analytical performance improvements obtained for automated microbead processing systems using novel microbead trap/flow-cells for various applications including (1) simultaneous capture of multiple cytokines using an antibody-coupled polystyrene bead assay with subsequent flow cytometry detection; (2) capture of nucleic acids using oligonucleotide-coupled polystyrene beads with flow cytometry detection; and (3) capture of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 from 50-mL sample volumes using antibody-coupled superparamagnetic microbeads with subsequent culturing to assess capture efficiency.

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4

Jinhua, Lei, and Zhou Guangyuan. "Polystyrene Microbeads by Dispersion Polymerization: Effect of Solvent on Particle Morphology." International Journal of Polymer Science 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/703205.

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Polystyrene microspheres (PS) were synthesized by dispersion polymerization in ethanol/2-Methoxyethanol (EtOH/EGME) blend solvent using styrene (St) as monomer, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator, and PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) K-30 as stabilizer. The typical recipe of dispersion polymerization is as follows: St/Solvent/AIBN/PVP = 10 g/88 g/0.1 g/2 g. The morphology of polystyrene microspheres was characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the molecular weights of PS particles were measured by the Ubbelohde viscometer method. The effect of ethanol content in the blend solvent on the morphology and molecular weight of polystyrene was studied. We found that the size of polystyrene microspheres increased and the molecular weight of polystyrene microspheres decreased with the decreasing of the ethanol content in the blend solvent from 100 wt% to 0 wt%. What is more, the size monodispersity of polystyrene microspheres was quite good when the pure ethanol or pure 2-Methoxyethanol was used; however when the blend ethanol/2-Methoxyethanol solvent was used, the polystyrene microspheres became polydisperse. We further found that the monodispersity of polystyrene microspheres can be significantly improved by adding a small amount of water into the blend solvent; the particles became monodisperse when the content of water in the blend solvent was up to 2 wt%.

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5

Li, Lichao, Huaihe Song, and Xiaohong Chen. "Hollow carbon microspheres prepared from polystyrene microbeads." Carbon 44, no. 3 (March 2006): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2005.09.035.

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6

Foti, Leonardo, Andre Sionek, Elis Moura Stori, Paula Poli Soares, Miriam Marzall Pereira, Marco Aurélio Krieger, Cesar Liberato Petzhold, et al. "Electrospray induced surface activation of polystyrene microbeads for diagnostic applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 13 (2015): 2725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb01884b.

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Proposed electrochemical reaction mechanism: (a) highly charged microbeads approach the electrolyte; (b) microbeads sink and are solvated by water molecules; (c) water oxidation reaction disrupts PS surface bonds; (d) oxygen is incorporated into the polymer chains.

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7

Ren, Zhi Min, Xi Nie, and Sheng Shu Ai. "Influence of Blocking Agents on Non-Specific Background of Polystyrene Microbeads in Serum Immunoassay." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 858–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.858.

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In this paper, we used bovine serum albumin and polymer as the blocking agents and investigated the effect of blocking agents on non-specific background of polystyrene microbead that used the human serum immunoassay.The results showed that the nonspecific background is lower by using polymer blocking agents. The best blocking condition was that microbeads were blocked by PVXT (0.5% polyvinyl alcohol PVA, 0.8% polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.05% Tween-20, PBS phosphate buffer, pH7.0) for two hours at room temperature.

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8

Nie, Libo, Fuhua Liu, and Hongcheng Yang. "Preparation of Quantum Dot Fluorescence Encoded Polystyrene Microbeads." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2017.2416.

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9

Gambardella, Chiara, Silvia Morgana, Sara Ferrando, Mattia Bramini, Veronica Piazza, Elisa Costa, Francesca Garaventa, and Marco Faimali. "Effects of polystyrene microbeads in marine planktonic crustaceans." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 145 (November 2017): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.036.

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10

Park, S. J., S. W. Jun, A. R. Kim, and Y. H. Ahn. "Terahertz metamaterial sensing on polystyrene microbeads: shape dependence." Optical Materials Express 5, no. 10 (September 8, 2015): 2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.5.002150.

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11

Yang, Chengli, Yueping Guan, Jianmin Xing, and Huizhou Liu. "Surface Functionalization and Characterization of Magnetic Polystyrene Microbeads." Langmuir 24, no. 16 (August 2008): 9006–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la7040604.

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12

Lai, Yuming, Shuqing Sun, Tao He, Sebastian Schlücker, and Yuling Wang. "Raman-encoded microbeads for spectral multiplexing with SERS detection." RSC Advances 5, no. 18 (2015): 13762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra16163g.

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13

Shao, Shimin, Hong Man, Yingrui Nie, Yang Wang, Qianrui Xu, Zhifei Wang, and Yong Jiang. "Preparation of fluorescence-encoded microbeads with large encoding capacities and application of suspension array technology." New Journal of Chemistry 46, no. 15 (2022): 6986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2nj00628f.

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This research study reported a type of reconstructed polystyrene microbeads for fluorescence encoding in suspension array technology (SAT). The present study improved their surface functionalization and compatibility with dyes.

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14

Martin, Cristina, Liliana Ramirez, and Jorge Cuellar. "Stainless steel microbeads coated with sulfonated polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene." Surface and Coatings Technology 165, no. 1 (February 2003): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(02)00703-x.

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15

Suwaki, Caroline H., Leandro T. De-La-Cruz, and Rubens M. Lopes. "Impacts of Microplastics on the Swimming Behavior of the Copepod Temora turbinata (Dana, 1849)." Fluids 5, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5030103.

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Zooplankton are prone to the ingestion of microplastics by mistaking them for prey. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the impacts of microplastic availability on zooplankton behavior. In this study, we investigated the effects of polystyrene microbeads on swimming patterns of the calanoid copepod Temora turbinata under laboratory conditions. We acquired high-resolution video sequences using an optical system containing a telecentric lens and a digital camera with an acquisition rate of 20 frames per second. We estimated the mean speed, NGDR (Net-to-Gross Displacement Ratio, a dimensionless single-valued measure of straightness) and turning angle to describe the swimming behavior in three different treatments (control, low and high concentration of microplastics). Our results revealed that swimming speeds decreased up to 40% (instantaneous speed) compared to controls. The NGDR and turning angle distribution of the organisms also changed in the presence of polystyrene microbeads, both at low (100 beads mL−1) and high microplastic concentration (1000 beads mL−1). These results suggest that the swimming behavior of Temora turbinata is affected by microbeads.

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16

Tetik, Sermin, Fikriye Uras, Emel Ekşioğlu-Demiralp, and K. Turay Yardimci. "Low-Density Lipoprotein Specifically Binds Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa: A Flow Cytometric Method for Ligand-Receptor Interaction." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 14, no. 2 (April 2008): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029607303781.

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Primary platelet aggregation requires agonist-mediated activation of membrane receptor glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa, binding of fibrinogen to GpIIb/IIIa, and cellular events after fibrinogen binding. This study investigated whether fibrinogen receptor GpIIb/IIIa is also the binding site for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in platelets by using GpIIb/IIIa-coated polystyrene microbeads incubated with various concentrations of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled ligands. Binding was assayed by flow cytometry. Binding of fibrinogen (Fg)-FITC and LDL-FITC to GpIIb/IIIa coated microbeads was concentration dependent, reaching saturation. Binding of LDL-FITC to GpIIb/IIIa coated microbeads was inhibited by fibrinogen. Binding of LDL-FITC or Fg-FITC to freshly isolated platelets gave similar results as those of GpIIb/IIIa coated microbeads. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, the fibrinogen receptor on platelets is also one of the binding sites of LDL on platelets. This rapid and reliable flow cytometric technique using coated microbeads may be used as a first step for the study of all ligand receptor interactions.

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17

Wang, Xiao-Bo, Jody Vykoukal, Frederick F. Becker, and Peter R. C. Gascoyne. "Separation of Polystyrene Microbeads Using Dielectrophoretic/Gravitational Field-Flow-Fractionation." Biophysical Journal 74, no. 5 (May 1998): 2689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77975-5.

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18

Vaidya, Shyam V., M. Lane Gilchrist, Charles Maldarelli, and Alexander Couzis. "Spectral Bar Coding of Polystyrene Microbeads Using Multicolored Quantum Dots." Analytical Chemistry 79, no. 22 (November 2007): 8520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac0710533.

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19

Mani, Thomas, Pascal Blarer, Florian R. Storck, Marco Pittroff, Theo Wernicke, and Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. "Repeated detection of polystyrene microbeads in the Lower Rhine River." Environmental Pollution 245 (February 2019): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.036.

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20

Ding, Zheng-You, Shenmin Ma, Dennis Kriz, J. J. Aklonis, and R. Salovey. "Model filled polymers. IX. Synthesis of uniformly crosslinked polystyrene microbeads." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30, no. 11 (October 1992): 1189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090301102.

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21

Zhu, Hangjie, Ningyu Du, Yao Liu, and Xinjie Zhang. "Particle Inertial Focusing in Spiral Channel of Tapered Cross-Section." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2529, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2529/1/012012.

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Abstract Inertial microfluidic technology is widely used for microparticle manipulation (e.g., particle/cell separation and focusing). This paper proposes a novel spiral channel of the tapered cross-section to realize the high-efficiency separation of microbeads of different sizes. The spiral channel is bonded to a thin PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) membrane to create the tapered cross-section, and air pressure is applied to deform the membrane. The inertial focusing performance of the channel is investigated by using polystyrene fluorescent microbeads of different diameters. The experimental results show that 15 μm microbeads experience strong inertial lift force and migrate to the inner wall, while 6 μm microbeads are influenced by the dominating Dean vortex and move to the outer wall, resulting in successful separation of two microbeads. The unique advantage of the tapered channel is that the distance between the large and small microbeads can be regulated by the working pressure, and a big gap of ~ 305 μm is achieved under the working pressure of 30 kPa. We hold the opinion that the proposed microfluidic device will provide insights for high-efficiency cell separation and enrichment.

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22

Tsyurupa, M. P., Z. K. Blinnikova, M. M. Il’in, V. A. Davankov, O. O. Parenago, O. I. Pokrovskii, and O. I. Usovich. "Monodisperse microbeads of hypercrosslinked polystyrene for liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 89, no. 11 (October 13, 2015): 2064–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024415110217.

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23

Zhou, Tuo, Jingyuan Chen, Ethan Kropp, and Lawrence Kulinsky. "Guided Electrokinetic Assembly of Polystyrene Microbeads onto Photopatterned Carbon Electrode Arrays." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 31 (July 24, 2020): 35647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c08266.

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24

Eskandarloo, Hamed, Mary Godec, Mohammad Arshadi, Olga I. Padilla-Zakour, and Alireza Abbaspourrad. "Multi-porous quaternized chitosan/polystyrene microbeads for scalable, efficient heparin recovery." Chemical Engineering Journal 348 (September 2018): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.04.099.

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25

Zhang, Pengfei, Hongjing Dou, Wanwan Li, Ke Tao, Bin Xing, and Kang Sun. "Fabrication of Fluorescent and Magnetic Multifunctional Polystyrene Microbeads with Carboxyl Ends." Chemistry Letters 36, no. 12 (December 5, 2007): 1458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2007.1458.

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26

Lee, Jonghwan, Okgene Kim, Jaeyeon Jung, Kyunga Na, Pilwoo Heo, and Jinho Hyun. "Simple fabrication of a smart microarray of polystyrene microbeads for immunoassay." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 72, no. 2 (September 2009): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.03.031.

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27

Zhu, Cun, Rui Deng, Jie Zeng, Gamal E. Khalil, Dana Dabiri, Zhongze Gu, and Younan Xia. "Synthesis and Characterization of Pressure and Temperature Dual-Responsive Polystyrene Microbeads." Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 30, no. 6 (March 20, 2013): 542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201300024.

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28

Zhang, Bu, Xian-Feng Zhang, Meng Shao, Chun Meng, Feng Ji, and Min-Cheng Zhong. "An opto-thermal approach for assembling yeast cells by laser heating of a trapped light absorbing particle." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 034105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0138812.

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Cell assembly has important applications in biomedical research, which can be achieved with laser-heating induced thermal convective flow. In this paper, an opto-thermal approach is developed to assemble the yeast cells dispersed in solution. At first, polystyrene (PS) microbeads are used instead of cells to explore the method of microparticle assembly. The PS microbeads and light absorbing particles (APs) are dispersed in solution and form a binary mixture system. Optical tweezers are used to trap an AP at the substrate glass of the sample cell. Due to the optothermal effect, the trapped AP is heated and a thermal gradient is generated, which induces a thermal convective flow. The convective flow drives the microbeads moving toward and assembling around the trapped AP. Then, the method is used to assemble the yeast cells. The results show that the initial concentration ratio of yeast cells to APs affects the eventual assembly pattern. The binary microparticles with different initial concentration ratios assemble into aggregates with different area ratios. The experiment and simulation results show that the dominant factor in the area ratio of yeast cells in the binary aggregate is the velocity ratio of the yeast cells to the APs. Our work provides an approach to assemble the cells, which has a potential application in the analysis of microbes.

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29

Hamagami, Jun Ichi, Kazuhiro Hasegawa, and Kiyoshi Kanamura. "Micropatterning of Monodisperse Spherical Particles by Electrophoretic Deposition Process Using Interdigitated Microarray Electrode." Key Engineering Materials 301 (January 2006): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.301.243.

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Micrometer wire consisting of microbeads was successfully fabricated onto a patterned conductive electrode substrate by an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process with precise control of electric field distribution generated in the colloidal suspension. Monodisperse polystyrene microspheres with 320 nm in diameter and an interdigitated microarray Au electrode having 10 μm in width and 5 μm in spacing were used in this EPD system. A micropattern of polystyrene particles with two dimensional arrays was formed onto the patterned electrode by the EPD process with two electrode system using an electrostatic interaction between the electrodes and the charged particles in the suspension.

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30

Nugroho, Failasuf Aulia, and Janusz Fyda. "Uptake of plastic microbeads by ciliate Paramecium aurelia." Science, Technology and Innovation 9, no. 2 (September 26, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4173.

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Microplastics (MPs) are small fraction of plastics that are less than 5 mm in length. They are bountiful and widespread pollutants in the aquatic environment. A wide range of organisms which play an important role in the food web, ingest microplastic particles and transfer them to the higher trophic levels. In this work, ingestion of fluorescent polystyrene beads 2 µm of diameter by ciliated protozoa Paramecium aurelia in different concentrations and times of exposure was studied. We studied also the ingestion and clearance rate as well as formation of food vacuoles. The highest uptake of beads by ciliates reached 1047.2 ± 414.46 particles after 10 min of incubation. Food vacuoles formation reflected the ingestion rate of P. aurelia, which increased at higher beads concentration up to the10th minute of incubation and decreased afterwards. On the contrary, the clearance rate persisted to be higher at low concentration. These findings showed that maximum capacity of microplastics ingestion by paramecia depended on beads concentration and on time of exposure.

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31

Ko, Yong Jun, Chul Ho Cho, Joon Ho Maeng, Byung Chul Lee, Yoo Min Ahn, Nahm Gyoo Cho, Seoung Hwan Lee, and Seung Yong Hwang. "Electric Signal Detection of a Microfilter-Based Biochip for Immunoassay Using Microbead, Nanogold Particle, and Silver Enhancement." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.839.

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This paper presents a microbiochip which can detect an antigen-antibody reaction through an electrical signal in real time with high sensitivity and low sample volume by using nanogold particle and silver enhancement. A filtration method using the microbead is adopted for sample immobilization. The chip is composed of an inexpensive and biocompatible Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer and Pyrex glass substrate. Platinum microelectrodes for electric signal detection were fabricated on the substrate and microchannel and pillar-type microfilters were formed in the PDMS layer. Successively introducing polystyrene microbeads precoated with protein A, anti-protein A (which was the first antibody) and the second antibody conjugated with nanogold particles into the microchannel, the resulting antigen-antibody complex was fixed on the bead surface. The injection of silver enhancer increased the size of nanogold particles tagged with the second antibody. As a result, microbeads were connected to each other and formed an electrical bridge between microelectrodes. Resistance measured through the electrodes showed a difference of two orders of magnitude between specific and nonspecific immunoreactions. The developed immunoassay chip reduced the time necessary for an antigen-antibody reaction to 10 min, thus shortening the overall analysis time from 3 hours to 50 min. The immunoassay chip reduces analysis time for clinical diagnoses, is simple, and has high sensitivity.

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32

Kim, Okgene, Kyunga Na, Jonghwan Lee, Jaeyeon Jung, Duckjong Kim, Sangjin Park, Kyusik Yun, and Jinho Hyun. "Polystyrene microbeads modified with an elastin-like biopolymer for stimuli-responsive immunodetection." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 19, no. 7 (January 2008): 863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856208784613578.

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33

Seoane, Marta, Carmen González-Fernández, Philippe Soudant, Arnaud Huvet, Marta Esperanza, Ángeles Cid, and Ika Paul-Pont. "Polystyrene microbeads modulate the energy metabolism of the marine diatom Chaetoceros neogracile." Environmental Pollution 251 (August 2019): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.142.

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34

Guo, Haifeng, and Feng Ye. "Polyelectrolyte-mediated self-assembly of polystyrene nano-spheres into honeycomb-patterned microbeads." Nanoscience Methods 1, no. 1 (January 2012): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17458080.2011.617038.

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35

Kawakami, Yoshiyuki, Kazutomo Inoue, Hiroyuki Hayashi, W. j. Wang, Hiroshi Setoyama, Y. J. Gu, Masayuki Imamura, et al. "Subcutaneous Xenotransplantation of Hybrid Artificial Pancreas Encapsulating Pancreatic B Cell Line (MIN6): Functional and Histological Study." Cell Transplantation 6, no. 5 (September 1997): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979700600519.

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The biohybrid artificial pancreas is designed to enclose pancreatic endocrine tissues with a selectively permeable membrane that immunoisolates the graft from the host immune system, allowing those endocrine tissues to survive and control glucose metabolism for an extended period of time. The pancreatic B cell line MIN6 is established from a pancreas B cell tumor occurring in transgenic mice harboring the human insulin promoter gene connected to the SV40 T-antigen hybrid gene. It has been proven that glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in MIN6 cells retains a concentration-dependent response similar to that of normal islets. In this study, we performed the histological and functional examination of three-layer microbeads employing MIN6 cells after subcutaneous xenotransplantation to evaluate this device as bioartificial pancreas. MIN6 cells were microencapsulated in three-layer microbeads formulated with agarose, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polybrene, and carboxymethyl cellulose. Microbeads were xenogenically implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of the back of Lewis rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. One week after implantation, microbeads were retrieved and cultured for 24 h before the static incubation. There was no evidence of adhesion to the graft and the fibrosis in the transplantation site as determined by gross visual inspection. Microscopic examination demonstrated that retrieved microbeads maintained normal shape, containing intact MIN6 cells. Histological study showed that these MIN6 cells in the microbeads appeared to be viable without cellular infiltration within or around the microbeads. Immunohistochemical analysis of the microbeads clearly revealed the intense staining of insulin in the cytoplasm of encapsulated MIN6 cells. Insulin productivity of MIN6 cells in the microbeads is strongly suggested to be preserved. In response to 16.7 mM glucose stimulation, static incubation of microbeads 1 wk after implantation caused the 2.3 times increase in insulin secretion seen after 3.3 mM glucose stimulation (84.3 ± 10.0 vs. 37.4 ± 10.7 μU/3 × 106 cells/hr, n = 5 each, p < 0.01). This study demonstrates that three-layer microbeads encapsulating MIN6 cells retain excellent biocompatibility and maintain good insulin secretion even after subcutaneous xenotransplantation, suggesting the possible future clinical application of this unique bioartificial pancreas to subcutaneous xenotransplantation.

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36

Jüttner, Jens, Nenad Krstic, Achim Müller, Monika Knuth, and Christiane Thielemann. "3D PRINTED HYDROGEL GLUCOSE SENSOR ON ARGON PLASMA ACTIVATED POLYSTYRENE." Lékař a technika - Clinician and Technology 50, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ctj.2020.2.01.

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This study presents a proof of principle concept for a two-dimensional bioprinted glucose sensor on Petri dishes that allows for glucose measurements in cell culture medium. To improve bioink adhesion, the polystyrene surfaces of standard Petri dishes are activated with argon plasma, which increases roughness and hydrophilicity. The bioink containing the sensor chemistry—namely fluorescently labeled ConA/Dextran embedded in alginate microbeads—was printed on the activated Petri dishes with an extrusion-based bioprinter. The printed sensor showed good stability and adhesive properties on polystyrene. The glucose concentration was examined using a standard fluorescence microscope with filters adapted to the emission wavelength of the donor and reference dyes. The printed glucose sensor showed high sensitivity and good linearity in a physiologically relevant range of glucose concentrations.

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37

Wan Yahya, Wan Nurlina, Fatimah Ibrahim, Aung Thiha, Nurul Fauzani Jamaluddin, and Marc Madou. "Fabrication of a 3D carbon electrode for potential dielectrophoresis-based hepatic cell patterning application using carbon micro-electrical-mechanical system (CMEMS)." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 32, no. 5 (April 5, 2022): 055005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac60a8.

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Abstract Cell patterning of hepatocyte cells is one of the techniques to construct liver tissue engineering. This work presents the development of a 3D carbon dielectrophoresis (carbonDEP) microfluidic chip for cell patterning using carbon micro-electrical-mechanical system microfabrication approach. The new design of electrode named interdigitated radiating-strips electrode (IRSE) was fabricated to generate positive DEP (pDEP) force for cell patterning mimicking the biological hepatic lobule. The electrical characterization of the fabricated carbon electrode shows that the average electrode resistivity is 4.61 ± 1.19 × 10−4 Ω m which is low enough to generate effective DEP force using 10 of volts. Results also show the shrinkage of the SU-8 structures during pyrolysis which gives impact to the final dimension of the carbon electrode. The functioning of the DEP microfluidic chip was demonstrated through DEP polystyrene microbeads patterning as a model of hepatocyte cells. 3D carbon IRSE presents a 67% increase in trapping efficiency of pDEP microbeads as compared to the planar carbon IRSE and the microbeads were pattern along the electrical field induced to form a hepatic lobule mimicking pattern. These results suggest that the 3D carbonDEP microfluidic chip has a great potential to be used for 3D hepatic cells patterning for liver tissue engineering applications.

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38

Azhar, Umar, Qazi Ahmed, Saira Ishaq, Zeyad T. Alwahabi, and Sheng Dai. "Exploring Sensitive Label-Free Multiplex Analysis with Raman-Coded Microbeads and SERS-Coded Reporters." Biosensors 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12020121.

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Suspension microsphere immunoassays are rapidly gaining attention in multiplex bioassays. Accurate detection of multiple analytes from a single measurement is critical in modern bioanalysis, which always requires complex encoding systems. In this study, a novel bioassay with Raman-coded antibody supports (polymer microbeads with different Raman signatures) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-coded nanotags (organic thiols on a gold nanoparticle surface with different SERS signatures) was developed as a model fluorescent, label-free, bead-based multiplex immunoassay system. The developed homogeneous immunoassays included two surface-functionalized monodisperse Raman-coded microbeads of polystyrene and poly(4-tert-butylstyrene) as the immune solid supports, and two epitope modified nanotags (self-assembled 4-mercaptobenzoic acid or 3-mercaptopropionic acid on gold nanoparticles) as the SERS-coded reporters. Such multiplex Raman/SERS-based microsphere immunoassays could selectively identify specific paratope–epitope interactions from one mixture sample solution under a single laser illumination, and thus hold great promise in future suspension multiplex analysis for diverse biomedical applications.

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39

Liu, Jieyi, Edmond C. N. Wong, Elsa Lu, Jonathan Jarzabek, Daniel Majonis, and Mitchell A. Winnik. "Control of Metal Content in Polystyrene Microbeads Prepared with Metal Complexes of DTPA Derivatives." Chemistry of Materials 33, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 3802–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00963.

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40

Sonawane, Swapnil L., and S. K. Asha. "Fluorescent Polystyrene Microbeads as Invisible Security Ink and Optical Vapor Sensor for 4-Nitrotoluene." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 8, no. 16 (April 14, 2016): 10590–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b12325.

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41

Wu, Shijin, Mei Wu, Dongcan Tian, Lequan Qiu, and Tongtong Li. "Effects of polystyrene microbeads on cytotoxicity and transcriptomic profiles in human Caco‐2 cells." Environmental Toxicology 35, no. 4 (December 3, 2019): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.22885.

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42

He, Haijie, Yuxuan Wang, Ji Yuan, Ke Xu, Shifang Wang, Hongxia Qiao, Tao Wu, et al. "A New Type of Mineral Admixture and Its Impact on the Carbonation Resistance of EPS Concrete." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (April 26, 2023): 7233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097233.

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In this study, the effect of microbead dosages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) on the carbonation resistance of expanded polystyrene (EPS) concrete was investigated. Five groups of EPS concrete specimens were produced and underwent rapid carbonation testing. The carbonation depth and strength after carbonation of the specimens were measured at different carbonation ages (7 days, 14 days, and 28 days) and analyzed to determine the effect of microbead dosages and compressive strength on carbonation resistance. Results indicated that the carbonation depth increased with the progression of carbonation time. The introduction of microbeads was found to significantly improve the carbonation resistance of EPS concrete, leading to a reduction in carbonation depth of over 50% after 28 days and an increase in strength after carbonation by 18–56%. A relative compressive strength model for EPS concrete after carbonation was developed, which could accurately characterize the growth of compressive strength. Based on the analysis of EPS concrete carbonation depth data, a prediction model for the carbonation depth of EPS concrete with microbead dosage was established through fitting, providing improved accuracy in predicting carbonation resistance. The microstructure of EPS concrete was also examined using scanning electron microscopy to uncover the underlying mechanisms of microbead enhancement on carbonation resistance. These findings have potential implications for future research and engineering applications in the carbonation resistance of EPS concrete.

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43

Liu, Bo Tau, and Ya Tsun Teng. "Effects of Affinity of Solvents on the Haze of Anti-Glare Films." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1695.

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In the study we evaluated the effects of the solvents of the coatings and the process temperature on the haze of anti-glare (AG) films. We used the single solvent with different polarity or the mixture of two solvents to prepare the AG coatings on the same composition ratio of polystyrene microbeads to pentaerythritol triacrylate. Experimental results revealed that the haze value increased with the decrease of polarity of solvents, and the haze values of the AG films prepared at elevated temperature led to higher haze values. We speculate the results arose from the affinity of solvents to LSPs.

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44

Kesarwani, Vidhishri, Julia A. Walker, Edward C. Henderson, Gabriel Huynh, Heather McLiesh, Maryza Graham, Megan Wieringa, Mark M. Banaszak Holl, Gil Garnier, and Simon R. Corrie. "Column Agglutination Assay Using Polystyrene Microbeads for Rapid Detection of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 2501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c17859.

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45

Pham, Xuan-Hung, San Kyeong, Jaein Jang, Hyung-Mo Kim, Jaehi Kim, Seunho Jung, Yoon-Sik Lee, Bong-Hyun Jun, and Woo-Jae Chung. "Facile Method for Preparation of Silica Coated Monodisperse Superparamagnetic Microspheres." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1730403.

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This paper presents a facile method for preparation of silica coated monodisperse superparamagnetic microsphere. Herein, monodisperse porous polystyrene-divinylbenzene microbeads were prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization and subsequently sulfonated with acetic acid/H2SO4. The as-prepared sulfonated macroporous beads were magnetized in presence of Fe2+/Fe3+under alkaline condition and were subjected to silica coating by sol-gel process, providing water compatibility, easily modifiable surface form, and chemical stability. FE-SEM, TEM, FT-IR, and TGA were employed to characterize the silica coated monodisperse magnetic beads (~7.5 μm). The proposed monodisperse magnetic beads can be used as mobile solid phase particles candidate for protein and DNA separation.

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46

Piskin, E., A. Tuncel, A. Denizli, and H. Ayhan. "Monosize microbeads based on polystyrene and their modified forms for some selected medical and biological applications." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 5, no. 5 (January 1994): 451–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856294x00149.

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47

Gambardella, Chiara, Silvia Morgana, Mattia Bramini, Alice Rotini, Loredana Manfra, Luciana Migliore, Veronica Piazza, Francesca Garaventa, and Marco Faimali. "Ecotoxicological effects of polystyrene microbeads in a battery of marine organisms belonging to different trophic levels." Marine Environmental Research 141 (October 2018): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.023.

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48

Wang, Hai-Qiao, Jian-Hao Wang, Yong-Qiang Li, Xiu-Qing Li, Tian-Cai Liu, Zhen-Li Huang, and Yuan-Di Zhao. "Multi-color encoding of polystyrene microbeads with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and its application in immunoassay." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 316, no. 2 (December 2007): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2007.08.065.

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49

Wang, Qiangbin, and Dong-Kyun Seo. "Preparation of photostable quantum dot-polystyrene microbeads through covalent organosilane coupling of CdSe@Zns quantum dots." Journal of Materials Science 44, no. 3 (February 2009): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-3138-4.

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50

Pierrenia, Mira Andhika, Sri Rejeki, and Dicky Harwanto. "The Effectiveness of Three Biofilter Media on Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) Removal and Survival Rate of Tilapia Gift Seeds (Oreochromis niloticus) in Recirculation Aquaculture System." Omni-Akuatika 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2021.17.2.899.

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Efforts to increase tilapia production are carried out through intensive culture by taking into account various aspects that support fish survival. The culture system that supports intensive culture is the Recirculation Aquaculture System (RAS). The RAS technology has the ability to support aquaculture with very high density and high yields compared to open culture systems. This study aims to determine the effect of different biofilter media in RAS on decreasing TAN concentration and growth of tilapia seeds. The method used was experimental with three treatments and four replications. Tilapia with an average individual weight of 3.40 ± 0.15 g were maintained in RAS with three different biofilter media treatments, sand (A), polystyrene microbeads (B) and kaldnes (C). The parameters observed were pH, DO, temperature, TAN removal efficiency, specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate (SR). The results showed that different biofilter media had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the TAN removal efficiency value but had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the SGR and SR values. The sand biofilter treatment (A) gave the best TAN removal efficiency of 36.61±4.82%.Key words: Kaldnes, Polystyrene, Sand, TAN, Tilapia

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