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Статті в журналах з теми "Polypropylene film"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Sahoo, Rajesh Kumar. "Preparation of Polypropylene/Silver Nanoparticles Nanocomposite Film and Evaluation of its Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties w.r.t it’s Use in Packaging Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3830–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37207.

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Polypropylene/silver nanoparticles nanocomposite films were prepared by melt compounding method by using polypropylene pallets and silver nanoparticles powder. The physical properties of the virgin polypropylene film and nanocomposite films were evaluated by mechanical testing. The effect of various silver nanoparticles content in the polymer nanocomposites with respect to its antimicrobial efficacy against the Gram positive bacteria Escherichia coli and Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus were studied. Nanocomposite film containing higher percentage of silver nanoparticles loading showed 99.9 % efficacy against the bacteria as compared to virgin polypropylene film.

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2

Cotto, D., P. Duffo, and J. M. Haudin. "Cast Film Extrusion of Polypropylene Films." International Polymer Processing 4, no. 2 (May 1989): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.890103.

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3

Sahoo, Rajesh Kumar. "Preparation of Polypropylene/silver nanoparticles Nanocomposite films and Evaluation of its Barrier and Antimicrobial Properties for Packaging Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 764–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37430.

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Polymeric films which can be used in packaging industries were prepared by blown film method with polypropylene chips and silver nanoparticles. The nanocomposite films were characterized concerning its potential use. Oxygen Transmission rate (OTR) measurements was done in order to ascertain permeability of oxygen through the polymeric films. It was found that the permeability of oxygen through nanocomposite film is higher than that of virgin polypropylene film due to incompatibility between polypropylene matrix and silver nanoparticles. The water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) test of the polymeric nanocomposite films was calculated in order to know the information about mass transfer mechanisms and solute-polymer interactions in the food packaging film. It has been found that, there is a significant decreased water vapour transmission rate through nanocomposite films compared to that of virgin polypropylene film. With increasing the concentration of silver nanoparticles, this effect was reduced. The explanation for this could be that with higher concentration of silver nanoparticles agglomeration in the polymer film could the possibility which create narrow pathway for water molecules to travel. The effect of various silver nanoparticles content in the polymer nanocomposites with respect to its antimicrobial efficacy against the Gram positive bacteria Escherichia coli and Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus were studied. However, Escherichia coli was most effectively retarded by silver nanoparticles than Staphylococcus aureus, which is related to the difference in the cell wall of the gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

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4

Esen, Arkis, Cetinkaya Hayrullah, Kurtulus Isil, Ulucan Utku, Aytac Arda, Colak Funda, Topagac Germen Ece, et al. "Characterization of a Pearlescent Biaxially Oriented Multilayer Polypropylene Film." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 10. Innovatcionnaia deiatel’nost’, no. 3 (October 20, 2014): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu10.2014.3.3.

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5

Arkis, Esen, Hayrullah Cetinkaya, Isil Kurtulus, Utku Ulucan, Arda Aytac, Beste Balci, Funda Colak, et al. "Characterization of a Pearlescent Biaxially Oriented Multilayer Polypropylene Film." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht09.01.077.

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6

Klimiec, Ewa, Krzysztof Zaraska, Wiesław Zaraska, and Szymon Kuczyński. "Micropower Generators and Sensors Based on Piezoelectric Polypropylene PP and Polyvinylidene Fluoride PVDF Films - Energy Harvesting from Walking." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 1245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.1245.

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This paper presents investigation of piezoelectric proprieties of polypropylene PP and polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF films at an angle of their application as micropower generators and foot pressure sensors in walking process. Obtaind micropower from single layer is about 1.7W and 5.3W for polypropylene film and about 1.7W and 3.3W for polyvinylidene fluoride film. Obtained voltage from single film layer is 8.9V to 14V for PP film and 2 to 3.4V for PVDF film. Obtained micropower from piezoelectric film and course character of voltage in function of time during walking process, depends from used film and shoe insole construction, where active element was sandwich. Recived data record of voltage, power and foot movement images from measuring system, can be use in dynamic investigations of posture defects.

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7

Canel, Romina Soledad, Sofìa Guerrissi, Vanesa Ludemann, Viviana Renaud, Jorge Ricardo Wagner, Federico Laich, Gabriela Mónaco, and Mariana Sanchez. "Microbiological and Sensory Characteristics of Mould-Ripened Salami under Different Packaging Conditions." Food technology and biotechnology 57, no. 1 (2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.57.01.19.5803.

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The preservation of mould-ripened salami was investigated during 48 days at 19-20 °C under different packaging conditions: (i) high barrier film filled with air, 100 % N2 or under vacuum, (ii) biaxially oriented polypropylene film, (iii) microperforated polyethylene film and (iv) unpackaged. Sensory, texture profile, physicochemical and microbiological analyses were performed. Fungal quantification revealed two data groups. In group 1 (consisting of salami in microperforated polyethylene film, biaxially oriented polypropylene film and unpackaged) the conidium viability was relatively constant. In group 2 (salami preserved in high barrier film filled with air, 100 % N2 or under vacuum) the conidium viability decreased due to the absence of oxygen and the high carbon dioxide volume fraction. SEM micrographs showed micromorphological changes in fungal structure; microperforated polyethylene film, biaxially oriented polypropylene film and unpackaged conditions preserved the conidial morphology, while high barrier film filled with air, 100 % N2 or vacuum conditions collapsed the hyphae and most of the conidia. Salami packed in microperforated polyethylene film and biaxially oriented polypropylene film showed the most acceptable organoleptic characteristics and lower hardness and chewiness values after packaging.

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8

Zhu, Wei, Xian Zhang, Chuntian Zhao, Wei Wu, Jianan Hou, and Mao Xu. "A Novel Polypropylene Microporous Film." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 7, no. 9 (September 1996): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(199609)7:9<743::aid-pat548>3.0.co;2-w.

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9

Kunugi, Toshio, Yuko Yoneyama, and Roger S. Porter. "Coextrusion of it-polypropylene film." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41, no. 34 (1990): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410302.

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10

Shibayama, Mitsuhiro, Ken-Ichiro Imamura, Kuniyasu Katoh, and Shunji Nomura. "Transparency of recycled polypropylene film." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42, no. 5 (March 5, 1991): 1451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420530.

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11

Peighambardoust, Seyed Hadi, Seyedeh Homa Fasihnia, Seyed Jamaleddin Peighambardoust, Mirian Pateiro, Rubén Domínguez, and José M. Lorenzo. "Active Polypropylene-Based Films Incorporating Combined Antioxidants and Antimicrobials: Preparation and Characterization." Foods 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040722.

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Development of polypropylene (PP) films incorporating antioxidant-antimicrobial agents can inhibit microbial growth and reduce undesirable deteriorating reactions and can preserve the quality of food. This study was aimed to use a combination of sorbic acid (SA), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) to provide a synergistic effect at their reduced concentrations. A Combination of the additives was more effective in enhancing mechanical properties compared to their single state in film composition. The PP-2%SA-3%BHA film (T3) had the highest tensile strength (17.9 MPa) and the lowest elongation at break (7.1%) than other films. The fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) proposed physical mixing of active additives within PP-matrix. Scanning electron microscopy showed uniform dispersion of the additives in PP-2%SA-1%BHT-1%BHA film (T4) compared to others. BHT containing films decreased the storage and loss moduli leading to weakening of film viscoelastic behaviour and reducing film melting point. The prepared active films showed higher antioxidant activity than control PP-film following an order of T4 > T2 > T3 corresponding to DPPH radical scavenging values of 89.1, 83.4 and 79.1%, respectively. All active films inhibited gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria growth. The results of this study indicated that the prepared active films possess desirable mechanical, thermal, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties enabling their use in food packaging.

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12

Highland, Henry A. "PENETRATION OF PACKAGING FILMS BY THE COWPEA WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE)1." Journal of Entomological Science 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-21.1.33.

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Cowpeas infested with the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), were sealed individually in small packets made of various packaging films. Also, other small packages of insect-free cowpeas were subjected to attack by C. maculatus adults placed inside and outside the packages. Packages made of polyurethane, polyester, polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate, saran, or permethrin-treated polypropylene resisted penetration. Thin saran film, polypropylene, paper/polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and cellophane films were penetrated.

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13

Egoshi, Kentaro, Toshitaka Kanai, and Kazuhiro Tamura. "In situ simultaneous measurement of stress, retardation, and three-dimensional refractive indexes during biaxial stretching experiments under various preheating times." Journal of Polymer Engineering 38, no. 7 (August 28, 2018): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2017-0313.

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Abstract An evaluation method for the stretchability of a biaxially oriented film during the stretching process was recently developed using an in situ measurement test machine. Stress, retardation, three-dimensional refractive indexes, light-scattering image, and birefringence distribution of films could be obtained in a short time. This stretching test machine was applied to examine the film stretchability of both semicrystalline polymers, such as polypropylene, and noncrystalline polymers, such as polystyrene, under various preheating times. From the measurements, the stress of semicrystalline polymers increased with increasing preheating times before stretching the film. However, the stress of noncrystalline polymers did not increase with increasing preheating times. This means that semicrystalline polymer is required to set up an optimum stretching condition of the preheating time for a satisfactory biaxially oriented film. Furthermore, the birefringence distribution and thickness uniformity of the stretched film were measured simultaneously. It was found that the stretchability of polypropylene and polystyrene films could be evaluated with a small piece of the sample using the biaxial stretching test machine.

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14

Gao, Xiao Jin, Li Qiang Huang, and Xin Li. "Preparation and Properties Research of Anti-Fogging Polypropylene Packaging Films." Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (December 2012): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.581.

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The anti-fogging properties of a new anti-fogging agent containing silicon sprayed on polypropylene were discussed. The anti-fogging agent was prepared by using silicone hydride and silica sol, the new anti-fogging agent with different consistency was daubed on the polypropylene film .The contact angle, first dripping time and ten drippings time of the anti-fogging PP films were tested. According to the range analysis, the best mixture ratio, which was just the optimum formula was found. The relationship between the anti-fogging agent consistence and the anti-fogging performance was discussed too. The result showed that the anti-fogging properties of the coated film were better and the mechanical properties of the coated film enhanced in some sort. The mixture ratio of the anti-fogging agent was that the silica sol was 12phr; the span 80 was 15%; the pH was 5.5. After the film was coated, the tensile strength of machine direction raised by 109.14% than the contrast. The elongation at break of transverse direction raised by 32.51MPa and that of machine direction raised by 17.95MPa. This anti-fogging agent containing silicon was preferable to polypropylene.

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15

Lee, Chao-Yu, and Chia-Wei Chang. "Dielectric Constant Enhancement with Low Dielectric Loss Growth in Graphene Oxide/Mica/Polypropylene Composites." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5020052.

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Polypropylene has been widely used as dielectric material in organic thin-film capacitors due to their high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss and self-healing capability. However, polypropylene’s energy density is relatively low. Increasing the energy density of polypropylene by adding materials with a high dielectric constant is commonly used. Still, it often leads to an increase in dielectric loss, lower dielectric strength and other shortcomings. In this study, a thin 2D platelet of mica/graphene oxide composite material was made from exfoliated mica as a substrate and attached by graphene oxide. The mica/graphene oxide platelets were added to polypropylene to make a plastic dielectric composite. The non-conductive flat inorganic additive can increase the dielectric constant and dielectric strength of the composite without increasing dielectric loss. The tiny mica/graphene oxide platelets can significantly improve the dielectric properties of polypropylene. The results show that by adding a small amount (less than 1 wt%) mica/graphene oxide, the relative dielectric constant of polypropylene can increase to more than 3.7 without causing an increase in dielectric loss and the dielectric strength of polypropylene can also enhance.

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16

Zhu, Li Jing, Jia Jun Wang, Li Guo, and Jie Shen. "Study on the Preparation and Properties of the PVA/SiO₂ Hybrid Coating on BOPP Film via Sol-Gel Process." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1956.

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In order to improve the barrier property of the biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film, the PVA/SiO2organic-inorganic hybrid coating on BOPP film was prepared by the sol–gel method. And the structure and properties of the hybrid composite films were characterized. The results showed that, the oxygen barrier property of the composite films was enhanced with the increase of PVA content, while the water vapor barrier property of the composite films was dropped. As the mass ratio of PVA increased to 80%, the oxygen barrier property of the composite films was 308 times that of the pure BOPP film, however, water vapor barrier character was half of the BOPP film.

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17

Capt, L., S. Rettenberger, H. Münstedt, and M. R. Kamal. "Simultaneous Biaxial Stretching of Polypropylene Resins of Varying Tacticity." International Polymer Processing 20, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2005-0065.

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Abstract The simultaneous biaxial stretching behavior of three Ziegler-Natta-based isotactic polypropylene resins of varying isotacticity was studied using a laboratory film stretcher that simulates closely stretching conditions encountered in the commercial process. The effect of isotacticity on the final morphology and end film properties was associated with the effect of isotacticity on the thermal properties of the resin. The results showed that the degree of undermelting, △Tum = Tm–T, determines the phase composition of the polymer before stretching and the morphology and orientation of the stretched films. The size and orientation of the crystallites in the stretching plane is mostly determined by the degree of undermelting. The elongation at break was correlated with the residual crystallinity of the film before stretching, and the elastic modulus was correlated with the final degree of crystallinity and the density of tie chains.

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18

Wan, Yong Ping, and Liang Liang Fan. "Modeling the Piezoelectric D₃₃ Coefficient of Voided Charged Polypropylene Film by Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3375.

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Voided charged Polypropylene films have very large piezoelectric d33 coefficient and have emerged as a kind of novel electromechanical transducer materials. In this paper, we propose the analysis method of piezoelectric d33 coefficient of voided charged Polypropylene film by finite element model. The very flat voids are simulated by the hollow oblate tetrakaidecahedron and periodic boundary conditions are implied. The electrostatic analysis is conducted and elastic deformation is solved by using ANSYS FE software. Qualitative analysis is presented for the piezoelectric d33 coefficient, and several influencing parameters are discussed, including void geometry and charge density. This finite element model can provide help in the analysis and design of voided charged polymer film with complex microstructures.

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19

Benkhenafou, F., M. Chemingui, B. Fayolle, J. Verdu, A. K. Ferouani, and J. M. Lefebvre. "Fracture behaviour of a polypropylene film." Materials & Design 32, no. 3 (March 2011): 1515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.10.016.

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20

REISCH, MARC. "Open season on polypropylene film makers." Chemical & Engineering News 76, no. 38 (September 21, 1998): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v076n038.p013a.

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21

Zakrevskii, V. A., V. A. Pakhotin, and N. T. Sudar’. "Pulsed electric strength of polypropylene film." Technical Physics 62, no. 2 (February 2017): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063784217020281.

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22

Shibayama, Mitsuhiro, Kuniyashu Katoh, Takehiro Iwamoto, Daisuke Takahashi, and Shunji Nomura. "Structure of High Transparent Polypropylene Film." Polymer Journal 23, no. 7 (July 1991): 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.23.837.

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23

Strobel, Mark, Melvyn C. Branch, Michael Ulsh, Ronald S. Kapaun, Seth Kirk, and Christopher S. Lyons. "Flame surface modification of polypropylene film." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 10, no. 6 (January 1996): 515–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856196x00562.

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24

Kimy, Sehyun. "Polypropylene Materials for Biaxially Oriented Film." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 21, no. 2 (April 2005): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087905056605.

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25

Schardl, J., L. Sun, S. Kimura, and R. Sugimoto. "Potential Film Applications for Syndiotactic Polypropylene." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 12, no. 2 (April 1996): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608799601200208.

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26

Brostow, Witold, Xinyao Lu, Osman Gencel, and Allison T. Osmanson. "Effects of UV Stabilizers on Polypropylene Outdoors." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071626.

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Анотація:

Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALSs) and nano ZnO were used to stabilize polypropylene (PP) film-based formulations that were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light for different lengths of time, simulating the harsh outdoor weather of Dallas, Texas, USA. UV doses applied in our laboratory are 121 times larger than the UV dose provided by the sunlight in Texas. 15 different compositions were studied. Tensile behavior, UV transmittance, thermal stability (by thermogravimetric analysis) and dynamic friction of the so exposed PP-based films were determined. Scanning electron micrographs of fracture surfaces were obtained. Nano-ZnO-containing stabilizers impart strong UV resistance to our films. The combination of HALSs and nano-ZnO stabilizers makes the PP films harder—which is important for some PP applications, such as toy manufacturing.

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27

Zhang, Chuyan, Weichen Shi, Qiao Wang, Mingguang Diao, and Huseyin R. Hiziroglu. "Electrical Property of Polypropylene Films Subjected to Different Temperatures and DC Electric Fields." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 2956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172956.

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A polypropylene (PP) film is usually used as a dielectric material in capacitors as well as cables. However, PP films may degrade because of the combined effect of temperature and electric field. In an earlier study, plain PP films and PP films loaded with nano-metric natural clay were studied under sinusoidal (AC) electric fields at power frequency and temperatures above the ambient. To better understand the electrical characteristics of PP film under various conditions, the objective of this study is to determine the time-to-breakdown of the plain PP and PP filled with 2% (wt) natural nano-clay when subjected to time-invariant (DC) electric fields at elevated temperatures. In order to achieve this objective, the effects of uniform as well as non-uniform electric fields were compared at the same temperature for the PP film. In this study, experimental results indicated that the time-to-breakdown of all PP films, plain or filled with nano-clay, decreases with the increase in electric field intensity, non-uniformity of the electric field, and temperature. It was also found that the time-to-breakdown of PP film filled with 2% (wt) natural nano-clay under DC electric field is longer and less sensitive to temperature. Furthermore, when compared with the results under the uniform electric field, PP film filled with 2% (wt) nano-metric natural clay indicates shorter time-to-failure under non-uniform DC electric fields. Finally, the morphology of the samples was observed by digital camera, optical micrography, and SEM, to better understand the mechanism of the breakdown.

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28

Kowalonek, Jolanta, Halina Kaczmarek, Bogusław Królikowski, Ewa Klimiec, and Marta Chylińska. "Corona Charging of Isotactic-Polypropylene Composites." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060942.

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A new approach to obtaining piezoelectric polymeric films based on the isotactic-polypropylene (i-PP) using corona discharge with the energy of 45 W·min/m2 was presented. Detailed analyses with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) led to the conclusion that the surface quality was the important factor influencing the possibility of charging the i-PP composites, which was necessary to induce the permanent piezoelectric effect. It has been found that the high surface smoothness of the polymer films contributed to improved piezoelectric properties without the need for an additional polymer modification such as orientation, foaming or doping with fillers. The values of the piezoelectric constant, d33, of the studied samples were compared to these values for the analogous systems polarized with a constant electric field of 100 V/μm. The milder conditions of the film polarization during the corona discharge process are sufficient to achieve the electrets in i-PP films. The simple and cheap method proposed can be profitable in obtaining flexible electrets in the form of thin films for the production of personal biomedical sensors.

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29

Hwang, Young Kyu, Ajit Singh Mamman, K. R. Patil, Lee Kyung Kim, Jin Soo Hwang, and Jong San Chang. "Reflectometry Studies of Mesoporous Silica Thin Films." Solid State Phenomena 135 (February 2008): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.135.31.

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Reflectometry technique has been successfully applied to investigate the correlation between the porosity and optical property (refractive index) of the ordered mesoporous thin film deposited on silicon wafer substrates. The measured optical spectra were simulated by the Effective Medium approximation model. The reflectometry technique has been found to be appropriate for the measurement of thickness of thin films as well as thick layer films. The mesoporous silica films prepared from tri-block copolymer (F-127) as a surfactant and polypropylene oxide as a swelling agent were subsequently exposed to the ammonia vapors to enhance thermal stability and shrinkage minimization of the film that results in increased film thickness.

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30

Peng, Ying, Jian Ping Deng, and Wan Tai Yang. "Precipitation Photografting of Functional Monomer LiAA on Polypropylene Film Surface." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.359.

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Lithium acrylate (LiAA) was applied as a functional monomer to modify the surface properties of polypropylene films via photografting polymerization in a precipitation reaction system. Two-step photografting polymerization technique was adopted with benzophenone (BP) as the photoinitiator and methanol as the solvent. ATR-FITR spectra proved the occurrence of grafting polymerization of LiAA on the substrate. Gravimetric analysis was performed to investigate the influences of some important factors on the photografting polymerization of LiAA. SEM was utilized to investigate the topography of the grafted film. The experimental results indicated that elongation of the irradiation time could increase the grafting yield (Yg) and Yg performed a maximum at a certain concentration of LiAA. SEM images showed that regular particles evenly dispersed on the surface of the grafted film.

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31

Xu, Wen Cai, Dong Li Li, Ya Bo Fu, and Wei Shang. "A Modified Polypropylene Resin for Food Packaging." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.598.

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The slip agents used to reduce coefficient of friction of polypropylene(PP) film, but it migrate brought the issue of food safety, to reduce of the corona effect and the peel strength of flexible film. We try another method to reduce the coefficient of friction. The result shown that the nano-modification not only reduces the coefficient of friction of PP, but also reduces the adsorption of volatile organic solvent in PP. The coefficient of friction of modified polypropylene was reduced by 50% when the concentration of nano-silica is between 1~2%. The final residues toluene in modified polypropylene was reduced to zero when the concentration of nano-silica in PP is between 1~3%. The modified polypropylene agrees quite well with food safety.

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32

Melkar, Ashwith, Ravi Kumar, Vishwa Pratap Singh, Priyanka Singh, Satyajit Samanta, and Saikat Banerjee. "Effect of antiblock and slip additives on the properties of tubular quenched polypropylene film." Journal of Polymer Engineering 42, no. 2 (December 10, 2021): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2021-0186.

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Abstract In the present investigation, silica and talc were used as antiblock additives with slip additive to investigate their effects on tubular quenched polypropylene (TQPP) film properties. Polypropylene (PP) powder was compounded with additives in twin-screw extruder and subsequently processed through TQPP machine to prepare the films. Tear and tensile properties [in machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD)] and surface properties of the produced TQPP films were investigated in terms of optics and coefficient of friction (CoF). The effect of conditioning time on CoF was also studied. Addition of slip agent alone to PP did not show any significant change in tear strength, CoF and tensile properties, whereas CoF reduced drastically by adding both slip and antiblock agents in combination. Reduction in CoF values were found to be more pronounced in the presence of silica-based antiblock compared to talc-based antiblock. Film surface morphology was further examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The tear strength and the gloss of TQPP film decreased slightly in presence of only antiblock agents, but the tensile strength was found to increase. It was also found that tensile properties of TQPP films were superior in silica-based formulation, whereas tear strength was better in talc-based formulation in MD and TD.

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33

Bárány, Tamás, András Izer, and Tibor Czigány. "High Performance Self-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Materials Science Forum 537-538 (February 2007): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.121.

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Highly oriented polypropylene fiber reinforced random PP copolymer composites were produced by film-stacking method. The reinforcing fibers were carded and needle punched and the film-stacked packages were compression molded at different processing temperatures (T=150…170°C) and holding times (t=90…600 s). For characterization of the consolidation of the composite sheets interlaminar strength was determined and further the polished sections were studied by light microscopy. Static tensile and dynamic impact (instrumented falling weight impact - IFWI) tests were performed on the specimens cut from the sheets. It was established that the best properties can be achieved when the processing conditions are 165°C and 90s. Increasing temperature and improving consolidation reduced perforation impact energy owning to better fiber/matrix adhesion and the smaller extent of delamination between the film-stacked layers.

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34

Loypetch, Nalin, Jürgen Tröltzsch, Lothar Kroll, and Suchart Siengchin. "Glass Fiber/Polypropylene Composites Produced by Film Extrusion for Local Reinforcements." Key Engineering Materials 728 (January 2017): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.728.223.

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Short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene films with different fiber content were produced by film extrusion using a coat-hanger die. Despite the elongation flow in the coat hanger die, a highly aligned fiber orientation in processing direction was observed. The typical increase of the tensile modulus with increasing fiber content was obtained whereas the tensile strength dropped down by incorporating small amounts of fibers. With 50 wt% fiber content the level of neat polymer film is reached again. The absence of a packing and consolidation step in compare to molding processes leads to a relative high surface roughness which increases the appearance of cracks in case of a load. For further improvement an additional pressure-related calendaring step is useful.

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35

IKEGAMI, Tohru, Mitsuya SHIMODA, and Yutaka OSAJIMA. "Sorption of volatile compounds by polypropylene film." NIPPON SHOKUHIN KOGYO GAKKAISHI 35, no. 7 (1988): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.35.7_457.

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36

Vassiliadi, E., and P. A. Tarantili. "Characterization of metallized biaxially oriented polypropylene film." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 105, no. 4 (2007): 1713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.26396.

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37

Nash, James L. "Biaxially oriented polypropylene film in power capacitors." Polymer Engineering and Science 28, no. 13 (July 1988): 862–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760281307.

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38

Zobel, M. G. R. "The odour permeability of polypropylene packaging film." Polymer Testing 5, no. 2 (1985): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9418(85)90017-0.

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39

Strobel, Joan M., Mark Strobel, Christopher S. Lyons, Christopher Dunatov, and Steven J. Perron. "Aging of air-corona-treated polypropylene film." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (January 1991): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856191x00080.

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40

Liang, Jing, Jiafan Zhang, Zongmu Yao, Shouyang Luo, Lei Tian, Chunjie Tian, and Yu Sun. "Preliminary Findings of Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC) Plastic Film Mulching Effects on the Soil Microbial Community." Agriculture 12, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030406.

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The farmland residual film pollution caused by traditional PE film has an adverse impact on crops and the environment. Polypropylene carbonate (PPC) film is a fully biodegradable film that can alleviate “white pollution”. In this study, the soil physicochemical properties and the composition and function of the soil community of FM (PPC film mulching) and CK (no film) treatments were determined to explore the effect of PPC film mulching on soil and the soil microbial community. Furthermore, the microorganisms at different time periods during the degradation of PPC mulch film were also analyzed. The results showed that film mulching increased soil pH but decreased the contents of EC and SOC, and there was no significant difference in the contents of AP and AK. The relative abundance of the phyla Acidobacteria was increased with film mulching, and the relative abundance of the genera MB_A2_108 also increased in the film mulched soil. Among the soil physicochemical properties, pH and SOC were the most important factors leading to changes in the composition of the bacterial and fungal communities. PPC film mulching had no significant effect on soil microbial community abundance and diversity. In addition, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Rhizobacter were dominant in the degradation of PPC film. Our research results provide a scientific theoretical basis for soil safety and the large-scale use of PPC biodegradable mulching films and a research foundation for the degradation of PPC plastics.

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41

Xu, Ranran, Jiwen Xing, Boxue Du, Meng Xiao, and Jin Li. "Improved Breakdown Strength of Polypropylene Film by Polycyclic Compounds Addition for Power Capacitors." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051185.

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In this paper, an improved method for the electric performance of polypropylene (PP) film was proposed to promote the safety and stability of power capacitors. Modified PP films containing three different polycyclic compounds were prepared, which showed good thermal properties and decreased DC conductivity. The DC breakdown strength of the modified PP films under both positive and negative voltage is increased compared with that of the original film. The deep traps introduced by polycyclic compounds and the decreased carrier mobility give an explanation of the decreased DC conductivity. A quantum chemistry calculation was further performed to clarify the mechanism for improving electrical performance, presenting that polycyclic compounds with a high electron affinity and low ionization energy can capture high-energy electrons, protecting the PP molecular chain from attack, and then increase the breakdown strength. It is concluded that the modified PP films by polycyclic compounds have great potential in improving the insulating properties of power capacitors.

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42

Dai, Xiying, Fuqiang Tian, Fei Li, Shuting Zhang, Zhaoliang Xing, and Jinbo Wu. "Investigation on Charge Transport in Polypropylene Film under High Electric Field by Experiments and Simulation." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 4722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164722.

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The charge transport in polypropylene was studied under DC electric fields at different temperatures. By the experimental measurement and simulation of the BCT model, we studied conduction currents, breakdown strength, and space charge distribution. In particular, the conduction characteristics under high temperature and high field, especially the conduction characteristics before the breakdown, were studied by systematic experiments, and the conduction characteristics and the breakdown mechanism were further studied by simulation. The results show that in the process of measuring conduction currents until breakdown, both high temperature and high electric field will promote charge transport. However, the free volume will increase at high temperature, which will easily lead to faster charge transport and breakdown. In the breakdown process at different temperatures, there are different breakdown mechanisms. At 20–60 °C, the electric breakdown process has mainly occurred in polypropylene film, and the breakdown strength is almost unchanged. At 80 °C, electric breakdown and thermal breakdown act together, and the charge transport is faster, and the breakdown field becomes smaller. Finally, we conclude that thermal stress plays a very important role in charge transport. In a high-temperature environment, the volume expansion of polypropylene will promote charge transport, and the insulation of polypropylene capacitor films will be damaged.

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43

Phong, Nguyen Van, and Duong Thi Cam Nhung. "Effects of microperforated polypropylene film packaging on mangosteen fruits quality at low temperature storage." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 4, VIS (January 2, 2017): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2016.4(vis).706.713.

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44

Lin, Bingjing, A. Kiet Tieu, Hongtao Zhu, Buyung Kosasih, and Oyong Novareza. "Micro-scratch behaviour of adsorbed film formed by aqueous copolymer lubricants with phosphate ester additive on Ti-coated surface." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2016-0161.

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Purpose This paper aims to assess the adsorption behaviour and the adhesion strength of lubricant films formed by polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide (PPO-PEO-PPO) with phosphate ester additive on Ti-coated surface and to identify the influence of molecular architecture and phosphate ester additive. Design/methodology/approach The thickness of the adsorbed PPO-PEO-PPO with phosphate ester lubricant films on Ti surfaces was measured by ellipsometry. The adhesion strength of the copolymer and the copolymer with phosphate ester lubricants was studied by the micro-scratch tests; the scratch tracks on the surfaces were observed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. Findings The copolymer with a higher weight percentage of PPO not only formed a thicker film but also showed stronger adhesion and better lubrication performance. The added phosphate ester increased the film thickness and improved the tribological behaviour. The finding reveals that the adsorbed film thickness which depends on the PPO chain length and the presence of phosphate ester has a considerable effect on the scratch behaviour. Originality/value This paper fulfils the studies about adsorption behaviour and lubrication mechanism of this new lubricant which has not been adequately investigated on the metal surface.

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45

Hussain, Nur Fadzila, D. Sivakumar, Mohd Ahadlin bin Daud, Sivaraos, and Mohd Zulkefli Selamat. "Study of Interfacial Shear of Aluminium/Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Fiber Metal Laminates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.131.

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This paper examines the interfacial shear properties of a new fiber metal laminates based on oil palm fiber reinforced polypropylene. The adhesive shear strength based on two type of surface treatment technique had been studied to determine the best technique to ensure a good bonding for fiber metal laminates based on oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber reinforced polypropylene (EFB pp) composite and aluminium 6061. Adhesion between aluminum and EFB pp composite was achieved by incorporating modified polypropylene adhesive film and surface treatment of Al sheets. Differential Scanning Calorimetry test showed the suitable bonding temperature between the composite and glue to be between 140°C to 155°C which is lower than the melting temperature of polypropylene. The applied surface treatment of ethanol solvent wipe and NaOH chemical etch though have effect on the surface roughness but have no significant effect on the maximum adhesion shear stress. The modified polypropylene adhesive film selected for this work is suitable to bond EFB pp composite with aluminium 6061 and both surface treatment is equally suitable.

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46

HAN, GUOQIANG, YUQIN CHEN, and BINGWEI HE. "BIAXIALLY ORIENTED POLYPROPYLENE FILM FOR AFM TIP CHARACTERIZATION." Nano 09, no. 03 (April 2014): 1450029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292014500295.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigating the sample morphology is the process of direct interaction between tip and surface features. The geometry of probe tip is a determining factor in correcting AFM images distorted by tip size itself. A quantitative knowledge of the current tip shape is needed to improve the reliability of AFM images. The biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film was fabricated and used as tip characterizer to estimate the morphology of AFM Si tip based on the blind reconstruction algorithm. The surface of the BOPP film was covered by nanometer-scale-sized structures which ensure that the tip profile can be determined accurately. Without independent knowledge of the sample, the three-dimensional (3D) shape of Si probe tip was obtained with high aspect ratio. BOPP film is not only a simple, cheap material but also a soft one which can also avoid tip damage in scanning. It was demonstrated reliable and suitable for tip characterization.

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47

Krylova, Valentina, and Nijolė Dukštienė. "Synthesis and Characterization of Ag2S Layers Formed on Polypropylene." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/987879.

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Silver sulphide, Ag2S, layers on the surface of polypropylene (PP) film was formed by chemical bath deposition method (CBD). Film samples were characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The surface morphology, texture, and uniformity of the silver sulphide layers were formed on PP surface dependent on the number of polymer immersions in the precursor solution. XPS analysis confirmed that on the surface of the polypropylene film, a layer of Ag2S was formed. ATR-FTIR and FTIR spectra analysis showed that the surface of Ag2S layers is slightly oxidized. All prepared layers gave multiple XRD reflections, corresponding to monoclinic Ag2S (acanthite). The Ag2S layer on polypropylene was characterized as an Ag+ion selective electrode in terms of potential response and detection limit. The electrode was also tested as an end-point electrode for argentometric titration of thiamine hydrochloride.

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48

SONG, Mao-hai, Yu-xiu KONG, Liang CHENG, Dong WANG, Yong-heng XIAO, Li-li CUI, and Jian JIANG. "Charge storage stability of electret film made of polypropylene/porous polytetrafluoroethylene/polypropylene composite." Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University 29, no. 5 (July 7, 2009): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1008.2009.00473.

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49

Hou, Weixin, Bo Mu, and Qihua Wang. "Studies on wettability of polypropylene/methyl-silicone composite film and polypropylene monolithic material." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 327, no. 1 (November 2008): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2008.07.056.

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50

Wang, Jian, Qian Zhang, Yue Cheng, Feiyan Song, Yongzhi Ding, and Mingwang Shao. "Self-reinforced composites based on polypropylene fiber and graphene nano-platelets/polypropylene film." Carbon 189 (April 2022): 586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.12.098.

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