Статті в журналах з теми "Polyphenols and flavonoids"
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1
Oosthuizen, Dewald, Neill Goosen, Maria Stander, Aliyu Ibrahim, Mary-Magdalene Pedavoah, Grace Usman, and Taiwo Aderinola. "Solvent Extraction of Polyphenolics from the Indigenous African Fruit Ximenia caffra and Characterization by LC-HRMS." Antioxidants 7, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox7080103.
Анотація:
Indigenous and non-commercial fruits can be an important source of antioxidant polyphenols; however, the identity and content of polyphenols from non-commercial fruits are often poorly described. The study aimed to extract, identify, and quantify polyphenols from the skin of the indigenous Africa fruit Ximenia caffra, using solvent extraction. Three solvents (hexane, acetone, and 70% v/v ethanol) over three extraction times (30, 60 and 120 min) were used in a 32 full factorial experimental design to determine effects on polyphenol recovery, and individual polyphenolics were characterised using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Ethanol was the most effective extraction solvent, and extracts had high levels of total phenolics and flavonoids (65 mg gallic and 40 mg catechin equivalents per gram dry sample respectively), and high antioxidant activity (18.2 mg mL−1 ascorbic acid equivalents). LC-HRMS positively identified 16 compounds, of which 14 were flavonoids including flavonoid glycosides, and indicated that concentrations of some flavonoids decreased for extraction times beyond 60 min. It was concluded that the fruit of Ximenia caffra is rich in natural polyphenolic antioxidants; the present work identified and quantified a number of these, while also establishing suitable solvent extraction conditions for the recovery of these potentially high-value compounds.
2
Yang, Mingyi, Lei Wang, Tarun Belwal, Xiaocheng Zhang, Hongyan Lu, Cunkun Chen, and Li Li. "Exogenous Melatonin and Abscisic Acid Expedite the Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Grape Berry of Vitis vinifera cv. Kyoho." Molecules 25, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010012.
Анотація:
Grape polyphenols contributing to more than half of the global polyphenol market were well studied; however, how melatonin (MLT), a potential plant hormone, and abscisic acid (ABA) affects polyphenols profile is still poorly understood. To explore whether these hormones are involved in polyphenolic biosynthesis, grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Kyoho) was exposed to MLT, ABA, and NDGA (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor) treatments, and 16 polyphenols were identified from grape extracts by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Both exogenous MLT and ABA significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of each flavonol and flavanol component, especially catechin, which was almost increased double by 200 µM of MLT treatment. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, including 4-coumaroyl-CoA synthase, chalcone synthase, flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase, anthocyanin 3′-methyltransferase, flavonol synthase, flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase, and flavonoid 3′,5′-methyltransferase were highly up-regulated as well but were down-regulated by NDGA. The present study provided new insights for improving flavonoids accumulation in agricultural production and its underlying mechanism.
3
Carmona-Hernandez, Juan Carlos, Mai Le, Ana María Idárraga-Mejía, and Clara Helena González-Correa. "Flavonoid/Polyphenol Ratio in Mauritia flexuosa and Theobroma grandiflorum as an Indicator of Effective Antioxidant Action." Molecules 26, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 6431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216431.
Анотація:
Studies on polyphenols and flavonoids in natural products reveal benefits in the prevention of multiple diseases. Proper extraction, treatment of extracts, and quantification of polyphenols and flavonoids demand attention from the scientific community in order to report more specific biological action. Total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (measured at three different times) of ethanol, methanol and acetone extracts of Mauritia flexuosa (aguaje) and Theobroma grandiflorum (copoazú) fresh pulp, from the Colombian Amazon region, were evaluated with the purpose of focusing in the polyphenol/flavonoid proportion and its effective antioxidant activity. This objective could help to explain specific flavonoid biological action based on higher flavonoid proportion rather than higher total polyphenol content. Differences in extracting solvents resulted in statistically significant different yields; the highest TPC was observed with acetone 70% in Mauritia flexuosa and ethanol 80% for T. grandiflorum. The best flavonoid/polyphenol ratio in M. flexuosa was about 1:2.4 and 1:12.8 in T. grandiflorum and the antioxidant efficacy was proportionally higher for flavonoids extracted from T. grandiflorum. HPLC analysis revealed 54 µg/g of the flavonoid kaempferol in M. Flexuosa and 29 µg/g in T. grandiflorum. Further studies evaluating this proportionality, in seeds or peel of fruits, as well as, other specific biological activities, could help to understand the detailed flavonoid action without focusing on the high total polyphenol content.
4
Erzsébet, Varga, Fülöp Ibolya, and Croitoru Mircea Dumitru. "Determination of flavonoids and polyphenols in veterinary products." Bulletin of Medical Sciences 93, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orvtudert-2020-0007.
Анотація:
Abstract According to the 8th Hungarian Pharmacopoeia, propylene glycol can be chosen as solvent over ethyl alcohol for use in food supplements, therefore, the concentration of flavonoids and polyphenols in medicinal plants is measured using propylene glycol extracts. Samples of seven products, used in veterinary medicine, known to be rich in polyphenols and flavonoids were chosen to verify the usefulness of propylene glycol as extraction solvent. The polyphenol measurements were carried out using the Folin-Ciocâlteu method and the total flavonoid content was established using the modified method from the 10th Romanian Pharmacopoeia, Cynarae folium monograph. Propylene glycol/water mixture (70%/30%), used as extraction solvent for medicinal plants rich in flavonoids and polyphenols, proved to be useful for extraction of these valuable active substances and correlates with the known amounts stated previously to be present in these vegetable materials. Results were in correlation with literature data, concentrations ranged between 0.05 and 0.07 mg/ml (immediately after preparation), 0.02 and 0.08 mg/ml (within six months following preparation) in case of flavonoids and 2.44 and 3.80 mg/ml (immediately after preparation), 1.20 and 2.18 mg/ml (within six months following preparation) in case of polyphenols.
5
BENZIDANE, Nadia, Ridha SMAHI, Boudjemaa ZABOUCHE, Abdelhalim MAKROUF, and Lekhmici ARRAR. "Phytochemical study and antimicrobial activity of Algerian Marrubium vulgare leaf and stem extracts." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 5 (September 15, 2020): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5.4353.
Анотація:
Marrubium vulgare is used worldwide as a source of food flavor and for medicinal purposes. The aim of this study is to investigate polyphenol and flavonoid contents of M. vulgare extracts and their antimicrobial activities. Extraction was conducted using methanol and hexane. The determination of polyphenol content was realized with folin ciocalteu method and flavonoids using AlCl3. Rouph characterization of these compounds was done with HPLC method. Activity against bacteria and fungi was also studied. Results showed that methanolic extracts of leaves (LME) and stems SME) contain relatively high levels of polyphenols ad flavonoids. Except for hexane extract, all extracts from leaves and stems possess antibacterial and antifungal effects especially against Staphyloccocus aureus and Candida albicans. This finding suggests that M. vulgare methanolic extracts could serve as a basic material for the preparation of antimicrobial drugs.
Keywords: Marrubium vulgare, polyphenols, flavonoids, antibacterial, antifungal activities.
6
Petkovska, Ana, Viktor Gjamovski, and Marina Stefova. "Comparison of different extraction solvents for assay of the polyphenol content in the peel and pulp of 21 apple cultivars from Macedonia." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 35, no. 1 (April 18, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2016.871.
Анотація:
Apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) contain a large array of phenolic compounds belonging to flavonoids and non-flavonoids. This study systematically evaluates the polyphenolic content of 21 apple cultivars from the Republic of Macedonia, both commercial and autochthonous, applying spectrophotometric methods for the determination of total polyphenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and total flavan-3-ols. The reliability of these methods was checked by confirming the method linearity and accuracy with standards and spiked samples. The efficiency of acetone, water, methanol and a mixture of methanol/water (90 : 10, V/V) as extraction solvents was compared. Evident differences between extracts obtained from freeze-dried apple peel and pulp, extracted with different solvents, and analyzed with the four spectrophotometric tests, were observed and discussed. The most satisfactory extraction efficiency was achieved using methanol/water (90 : 10, V/V) mixture. The results obtained from the methanol/water extracts illustrate evident differences between polyphenol contents and reveal the diversity in polyphenols, total flavonoid and flavanol composition between the assayed commercial and autochthonous cultivars. The maximum abundance of polyphenols was noticed in the peel of Tetovka and Livadarka cultivars (15.63 mg/g GAE and 14.85 mg/g GAE, respectively) and in the pulp of Pasalma, Tetovka and Livadarka cultivars (12.55 mg/g GAE, 11.45 mg/g GAE and 11.22 mg/g GAE, respectively).
7
Matić, Petra, and Lidija Jakobek. "Spectrophotometric Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium Chloride Method Validation for the Determination of Phenolic Acid, Flavan-3-ol, Flavonol, and Anthocyanin Content." Croatian journal of food science and technology 13, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2021.13.2.06.
Анотація:
Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of total polyphenols and total flavonoids are often used because they are simple, sensitive, and precise. Before using these methods, they must be validated to ensure the quality of the obtained data and to prove that the method is suitable for its purpose. The aim of this study was to validate the spectrophotometric methods for total polyphenols and total flavonoids. The method for total polyphenols has been validated according to polyphenol standards, which belong to the groups of phenolic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, sinapic acid, ferulic acid), flavan-3-ols ((-)-epicatechin), flavonols (myricetin, kaempferol), and anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside). For the validation of the method for total flavonoids, the same polyphenol standards belonging to flavan-3-ols, flavonols, and anthocyanins have been used. The validation parameters were linearity, sensitivity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, and accuracy. The results of the validation for both methods were in acceptable ranges, except for kaempferol in the method for total flavonoids. In conclusion, these methods can be used for the determination of total polyphenols and total flavonoids by using calibration curves of studied polyphenol standards, except for the kaempferol standard in the method for total flavonoids, due to lower sensitivity
8
Ding, Kaixi, Wei Jiang, Huanan Jia, and Ming Lei. "Synergistically Anti-Multiple Myeloma Effects: Flavonoid, Non-Flavonoid Polyphenols, and Bortezomib." Biomolecules 12, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12111647.
Анотація:
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell tumor originating from a post-mitotic lymphoid B-cell lineage. Bortezomib(BTZ), a first-generation protease inhibitor, has increased overall survival, progression-free survival, and remission rates in patients with MM since its clinical approval in 2003. However, the use of BTZ is challenged by the malignant features of MM and drug resistance. Polyphenols, classified into flavonoid and non-flavonoid polyphenols, have potential health-promoting activities, including anti-cancer. Previous preclinical studies have demonstrated the anti-MM potential of some dietary polyphenols. Therefore, these dietary polyphenols have the potential to be alternative therapies in anti-MM treatment regimens. This systematic review examines the synergistic effects of flavonoids and non-flavonoid polyphenols on the anti-MM impacts of BTZ. Preclinical studies on flavonoids and non-flavonoid polyphenols-BTZ synergism in MM were collected from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase published between 2008 and 2020. 19 valid preclinical studies (Published from 2008 to 2020) were included in this systematic review. These studies demonstrated that eight flavonoids (icariin, icariside II, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, scutellarein, wogonin, morin, formononetin, daidzin), one plant extract rich in flavonoids (Punica granatum juice) and four non-flavonoid polyphenols (silibinin, resveratrol, curcumin, caffeic acid) synergistically enhanced the anti-MM effect of BTZ. These synergistic effects are mediated through the regulation of cellular signaling pathways associated with proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance. Given the above, flavonoids and non-flavonoid polyphenols can benefit MM patients by overcoming the challenges faced in BTZ treatment. Despite the positive nature of this preclinical evidence, some additional investigations are still needed before proceeding with clinical studies. For this purpose, we conclude by providing some suggestions for future research directions.
9
Hithamani, Gavirangappa, and Krishnapura Srinivasan. "Bioaccessibility of Polyphenols from Onion (Allium cepa) as Influenced by Domestic Heat Processing and Food Acidulants." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2016.53.4.8398.
Анотація:
Polyphenols are gaining importance in view of their health beneficial influences. Onion (<em>Allium cepa</em>) was analyzed for total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and their bioaccessibility as influenced by heat processing and food acidulants. Total polyphenols in raw onion (2.17 mg/g) were increased by 50% upon roasting. Total flavonoids in onion (0.27 mg/g) remained unchanged in heat processing. Bio accessible polyphenols and flavonoids from onion were 0.96 and 0.02 mg/g respectively and open-pan boiling increased the bio accessible polyphenols from onion. Addition of food acidulants to onion altered the composition and concentration of phenolic compounds. Total bio accessible polyphenols of onion decreased by 15% in presence of lime juice, while the same increased from microwave heated onions by 21% in presence of amchur. Presence of lime juice decreased bio accessible polyphenols in native and pressure-cooked onion, while the same increased by 37% in roasted onion in presence of amchur. Bioaccessibility of quercetin from onion increased 6-fold in presence of amchur, while a few polyphenols viz., protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, rutin and myricetin became bio accessible in presence of these food acidulants. Amchur enhanced the bio accessible polyphenols from onion more than lime juice. Concentration of bio accessible polyphenols was higher upon open-pan boiling of onion. There was a qualitative as well as quantitative change in the phenolic composition on addition of the food acidulants. Since amchur enhances the concentration of bio accessible polyphenols more than lime juice, its use in food preparations could be a strategy to maximize bioavailability of polyphenols, especially flavonoids from onion.
10
Kasprzak-Drozd, Kamila, Jarosław Mołdoch, Marek Gancarz, Agnieszka Wójtowicz, Iwona Kowalska, Tomasz Oniszczuk, and Anna Oniszczuk. "In Vitro Digestion of Polyphenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Activity of Acorn Flour and Pasta Enriched with Acorn Flour." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 10 (May 15, 2024): 5404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105404.
Анотація:
Acorn flour is a rich source of nutrients and is beneficial to human health due to, among other things, its low glycemic index and polyphenol content. In order to obtain more accurate data on the levels and activities of the substances tested after ingestion and digestion, it may be beneficial to use a simulated in vitro digestion method. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to elucidate the content of polyphenols, individual phenolic acids, flavonoids and antiradical properties of acorn flour and pasta enriched with acorn flour before and after simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The results indicate that the total polyphenol content (TPC), flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity exhibited an increasing trend following the initial digestion stage and a decreasing trend following the second stage. Nevertheless, the levels of phenolic acids demonstrated an increase in both digestion phases. The digestion processes of polyphenols in acorn flour differ significantly from those in pasta. In the case of pasta, total polyphenols , phenolic acids and flavonoids, as well as free radical scavenging properties, demonstrated a decreasing trend following each digestion stage.
11
Aatif, Mohammad. "Current Understanding of Polyphenols to Enhance Bioavailability for Better Therapies." Biomedicines 11, no. 7 (July 24, 2023): 2078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11072078.
Анотація:
In recent years, plant polyphenols have become a popular focus for the development of novel functional foods. Polyphenols, a class of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lignans, are commonly found in plant-based diets with a variety of biological actions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Unfortunately, polyphenols are not widely used in nutraceuticals since many of the chemicals in polyphenols possess poor oral bioavailability. Thankfully, polyphenols can be encapsulated and transported using bio-based nanocarriers, thereby increasing their bioavailability. Polyphenols’ limited water solubility and low bioavailability are limiting factors for their practical usage, but this issue can be resolved if suitable delivery vehicles are developed for encapsulating and delivering polyphenolic compounds. This paper provides an overview of the study of nanocarriers for the enhancement of polyphenol oral bioavailability, as well as a summary of the health advantages of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of several diseases.
12
Shubina, Victoria S., Victoria I. Kozina, and Yuri V. Shatalin. "Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of a Conjugate of Taxifolin with Glyoxylic Acid and Selected Flavonoids." Antioxidants 10, no. 8 (August 8, 2021): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081262.
Анотація:
It is known that flavonoids can react with toxic carbonyl compounds in the process of the storage, aging, and digestion of flavonoid-rich foods and beverages. However, the effect of these reactions on the antioxidant properties of the polyphenolic fraction and the properties of the resulting products remain poorly studied. The aim of the present work was to study the antioxidant activity of quercetin, taxifolin, catechin, eriodictyol, hesperetin, naringenin and a product of the condensation of taxifolin with glyoxylic acid, as well as to reveal the structure–activity relationship of these polyphenols. It was found that flavonoids containing the catechol moiety exhibited higher antioxidant activity than hesperetin and naringenin. The product showed the highest hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, a lower metal-reducing and a higher iron-binding ability than catechol-containing flavonoids, and a lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity comparable with that of taxifolin. Thus, the condensation of flavonoids with toxic carbonyl compounds might lead to the formation of products exhibiting high antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, the conditions under which parent flavonoids and their products exhibit the maximal antioxidant activity may differ. The data suggest that the antioxidant profile of the polyphenolic fraction and bioavailability of polyphenols, carbonyl compounds, and metal ions may change when these reactions occur.
13
Selvakumar, Priyanga, Aja Badgeley, Paige Murphy, Hina Anwar, Urvashi Sharma, Katharine Lawrence, and Ashakumary Lakshmikuttyamma. "Flavonoids and Other Polyphenols Act as Epigenetic Modifiers in Breast Cancer." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030761.
Анотація:
Breast cancer is a common cancer that occurs due to different epigenetic alterations and genetic mutations. Various epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse correlation between breast cancer incidence and flavonoid intake. The anti-cancer action of flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds that are present in plants, as secondary metabolites has been a major topic of research for many years. Our review analysis demonstrates that flavonoids exhibit anti-cancer activity against breast cancer occurring in different ethnic populations. Breast cancer subtype and menopausal status are the key factors in inducing the flavonoid’s anti-cancer action in breast cancer. The dose is another key factor, with research showing that approximately 10 mg/day of isoflavones is required to inhibit breast cancer occurrence. In addition, flavonoids also influence the epigenetic machinery in breast cancer, with research demonstrating that epigallocatechin, genistein, and resveratrol all inhibited DNA methyltransferase and altered chromatin modification in breast cancer. These flavonoids can induce the expression of different tumor suppressor genes that may contribute to decreasing breast cancer progression and metastasis. Additional studies are required to confirm the contribution of epigenetic modifications by flavonoids to breast cancer prevention.
14
Okei, Nyerovwo Charity. "The Effect of Polyphenols on Cellular and Isolated Proteasomes." European Journal of Medical and Health Research 2, no. 2 (March 1, 2024): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejmhr.2024.2(2).01.
Анотація:
This study investigated the impact of phenyl-γ-valerolactones (PVLs), key metabolites of flavan-3-ols, on isolated and cellular proteasomes, employing both APPwt and APPmut cellular models of AD. The results demonstrate that PVLs have an inhibitory effect on proteasomes, with the mutated amyloid precursor protein gene (APPmut) cells being more susceptible to this treatment. The interaction between polyphenols and proteasomes presents a promising avenue for understanding cellular health dynamics. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polyphenols on both cellular and isolated proteasomes. The primary objective was to discern the impact of polyphenol exposure on proteasome activity and its potential implications for cellular functions. In vitro studies were conducted using a range of polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids. Cellular models were employed to assess the influence of polyphenols on cellular proteasome activity, while isolated proteasomes were subjected to polyphenol treatments to discern direct interactions. The findings revealed significant modulatory effects of polyphenols on both cellular and isolated proteasomes and C2 had strong inhibitory effects on constitutive proteasome activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.01619 μM to 0.08738 μM. Additional compounds, PGPH and BrAAP, also had inhibitory effects on both proteasome subtypes. Flavonoids demonstrated a dose-dependent enhancement of proteasome activity in cellular models, while phenolic acids exhibited varying effects. Isolated proteasomes responded differently to specific polyphenols, suggesting compound-specific interactions. This study provides novel insights into the intricate relationship between polyphenols and proteasomes, highlighting their potential impact on cellular health. Understanding these interactions could pave the way for targeted interventions in diseases associated with proteasome dysfunction, offering new perspectives on the potential therapeutic roles of polyphenols.
15
Vasantha Rupasinghe, H. P., and Chris Kean. "Polyphenol concentrations in apple processing by-products determined using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 4 (July 1, 2008): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07146.
Анотація:
Liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was used to determine the concentrations of polyphenols in apple processing by-products collected from commercial juice and pie manufacturing plants. Apple pomace (cultivar Gravenstein) resulting from juice processing contained a total polyphenol concentration of 43 mg 100 g-1 dry matter (DM), and was mainly constituted of phloridzin and quercetin-3-O-galactoside. The major polyphenolic compound in apple seeds (cultivar Idared) was phloridzin (64 mg 100 g-1 DM), representing 84% of total polyphenols (76 mg 100 g-1 DM). The predominant polyphenolic compounds in apple cores (cultivar Idared) were phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin, which represented 77% of the total polyphenols (40 mg 100 g-1 DM). The total polyphenol concentrations in the skin of Northern Spy and Idared were 322 and 401 mg 100 g-1, respectively. The major polyphenol sub-classes detected in apple skins were flavonols (151-154 mg 100 g-1 DM), dihydrochalcones (48-59 mg 100 g-1 DM), flavan-3-ols (32-38 mg 100 g-1 DM), phenolic acids (40-59 mg 100 g-1 DM) and anthocyanins (29-114 mg 100 g-1 DM). Key words: Malus × domestica, apple, polyphenols, flavonoids, by-products, LC-MS/MS
16
Ghosh, Chandreyi, and Sayantan Banerjee. "FLORAL EXTRACTS OF ALLAMANDA BLANCHETII AND ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA ARE COMPARATIVELY HIGHER RESOURCE OF ANTI-OXIDANTS AND POLYSACCHARIDES THAN LEAF AND STEM EXTRACTS." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 4 (July 16, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i4.28458.
Анотація:
Objective: The present study undertakes a comparative analysis of the level of secondary metabolites present in the leaf, flower and stem of the two ornamental plants, Allamanda blanchetii and Allamanda cathartica.Methods: The two plant species, Allamanda blanchetii and Allamanda cathartica were collected, washed, shade dried in room temperature and powered in mechanical grinder. Phytochemicals were extracted from the power with methanol and double distilled water. The estimation of flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharide were done by standard methods and the anti-oxidant activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) discoloration assay.Results: Our study reveals that the flower of both species contain highest amount of secondary metabolites in crude methanolic and aqueous extracts. In case of leaf, the methanolic extracts contain higher amount of polyphenol, flavonoid and anti-oxidant property in comparison to aqueous extracts, where as the aqueous extract contain higher amount of polysaccharide content than its counterpart. In stem, crude organic extract has higher amount of polyphenol and flavonoid and the aqueous extract has higher amount of polysaccharide and anti-oxidant property.Conclusion: The flower of Allamanda cathartica and Allamanda blanchetii has higher amount of flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharide and the floral extracts display comparatively higher anti-oxidant property.
17
Hamoudi, Meriem, Djouher Amroun, Seddik Khennouf, and Saliha Dahamna. "Antioxidant Evaluation and Polyphenol Contents of Hydro Ethanolic Extract’s Fractions from Ephedra nebrodensis." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 5-s (November 5, 2020): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5-s.4377.
Анотація:
Ephedra nebrodensis, is a medicinal plant, traditionally in Algeria used for the cure of various ailments such as hepatic disorders. On this basis in present study the phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of various fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water) of ethanol extract obtained by maceration from aerial parts of E. nebrodensis were investigated. Different fractions were accessed for their yield percentage, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total tannins content (TTC) and antioxidant potential (DPPH - 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ABTS - 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), reducing power assay (FRAP - ferric reducing antioxidant power activity),and bleaching of β-carotene test . Results showed that ethyl acetate fraction (EF) represents the highest amount of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins with 269.669 ± 0.031 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg of DE, 44.507 ± 0.003 µg quercetin equivalents/mg of DE and 228.487 ± 1.362 µg tannic acid equivalents/mg of DE, respectively. In antioxidant assays, ethyl acetate fractions (EF) showed the strongest DPPH and ABTS antioxidant (IC50: 0.009 and 0.004 µg/mL) and FRAP potential (EC50: 0.005 ± 0.000 µg/mL), which significantly correlate to its high content of polyphenolics, flavonoids and tannins. Further, fractions were rich in phenolic compounds. The present results support the possible use of the ethyl acetate fraction from E. nebrodensis in pharmaceutical industries as a natural antioxidant.
Keywords: Ephedra nebrodensis, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant capacity.
18
Ivanova, Violeta, Marina Stefova, and Fabio Chinnici. "Determination of the polyphenol contents in Macedonian grapes and wines by standardized spectrophotometric methods." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 75, no. 1 (2010): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc1001045i.
Анотація:
Wines and grapes contain a large array of phenolic compounds belonging to non-flavonoids and flavonoids. This study evaluates the polyphenolic contents of six commercial red and white Macedonian wines and four grape varieties. Spectrophotometric methods were applied for the determination of the total phenolics, the total flavonoids, the total anthocyanins and the total catechins. The efficiency of acetone/water (80/20) and methanol/water (80/20) solutions for the extraction of polyphenols from grape pulp, seeds and skins were compared. The best extraction efficiency was achieved using acetone/ water. The obtained results showed that Macedonian grapes are rich in polyphenols, whereby the highest concentration of total phenolics was found for Vranec grapes. The analyzed wines contained high contents of polyphenol; the highest contents were found for Disan wine produced from the Vranec variety of grapes (1515 mg/L total phenolics, 1103 mg/L total flavonoids, 237 mg/L total anthocyanins and 845 mg/L total catechins). Principal component analysis was employed to check possible groupings of the studied red and white wine samples. A clear separation of white wines from red ones was observed.
19
Sibri, Jean François, Joël Akakpo-Akue, Stéphane Claver Vanié, Tatiana Kangah Mireille Kple, M'Bèféhê Soro, and Obou Constantin Okou. "Phytochemical Evaluation and Determination of the Content of Some Natural Antioxidants (Polyphenols and Flavonoids) from Ficus Capensis, Newbouldia laevis and Carpolobia lutea." Asian Journal of Biology 19, no. 4 (November 27, 2023): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2023/v19i4374.
Анотація:
Scientific interest in the search for natural antioxidants (secondary metabolites) from medicinal plants has increased considerably in recent years, due to the involvement of free radicals in the genesis of many diseases. The aim of the present study is to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the secondary metabolites of aqueous and hydroethanol extracts from the leaves of the medicinal plants under investigation. Qualitative determination is based on staining and/or precipitation reactions, while quantitative determination is based on the assay of secondary metabolites. The results of their qualitative determinations revealed an abundance of polyphenols and saponins, a significant presence of flavonoids and anthocyanins, and a moderate presence of alkaloids, terpenes and catechic tannins in the aqueous extract. In the hydroethanol extract, on the other hand, there is an abundance of flavonoids, a significant presence of polyphenols, saponins and anthocyanins, and a moderate presence of alkaloids, terpenes and catechic tannins. Gallic tannins and quinones are absent in both extracts. While their quantitative assay revealed an abundance of flavonoids (314.51±5.14 mgEAG/g extract) and total polyphenols (66.19±2.44 mgEQ/g extract). Thus, the high flavonoid and polyphenol content of the various extracts (aqueous and hydroethanolic) of the leaves of the plants studied would justify their use in traditional medicine in the care of sickle-cell patients.
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Lončarić, Ante, Katarina Matanović, Perla Ferrer, Tihomir Kovač, Bojan Šarkanj, Martina Skendrović Babojelić, and Marta Lores. "Peel of Traditional Apple Varieties as a Great Source of Bioactive Compounds: Extraction by Micro-Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion." Foods 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2020): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010080.
Анотація:
Micro matrix solid phase dispersion (micro-MSPD) was optimized by response surface methodology for the extraction of polyphenols from the peel of twelve traditional and eight commercial apple varieties grown in Croatia. The optimized micro-MSPD procedure includes the use of 0.2 g of sample, 0.8 g of dispersant, a 57% solution of methanol in water as the solvent and 5 mL of extract volume. The total polyphenolic index (TPI) and antioxidant activity (AA) were measured by spectrophotometric assays. Eighteen polyphenolic compounds were identified in all investigated apples by HPLC-DAD and LC-(ESI)-MS. The peel of traditional apple varieties had higher contents of all investigated polyphenols. Calculated relative contribution of polyphenol groups indicated non-flavonoids (28.6%) and flavanols (46.2%) as the major contributors to the total polyphenolic content in traditional and commercial apple varieties, respectively. The most abundant polyphenol in traditional apple peel was chlorogenic acid, procyanidin B2 and epicatechin (1143 ± 755 µg/g dw, 954 ± 343 µg/g dw and 560 ± 362 µg/g dw, respectively). The peel of varieties ‘Apistar’, ‘Bobovac’ and ‘Božićnica’ could be highlighted as an important source of polyphenols.
21
Amen, Rita I., Rawiwan Sirirat, Keiji Oda, Sujatha Rajaram, Ifeanyi Nwachukwu, Montserrat Cofan, Emilio Ros, Joan Sabate, and Ella H. Haddad. "Effect of Walnut Supplementation on Dietary Polyphenol Intake and Urinary Polyphenol Excretion in the Walnuts and Healthy Aging Study." Nutrients 15, no. 5 (March 2, 2023): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15051253.
Анотація:
Among all tree nuts, walnuts contain the highest total polyphenols by weight. This secondary data analysis examined the effect of daily walnut supplementation on the total dietary polyphenols and subclasses and the urinary excretion of total polyphenols in a free-living elderly population. In this 2-year prospective, randomized intervention trial (ID NCT01634841), the dietary polyphenol intake of participants who added walnuts daily to their diets at 15% of daily energy were compared to those in the control group that consumed a walnut-free diet. Dietary polyphenols and subclasses were estimated from 24 h dietary recalls. Phenolic estimates were derived from Phenol-Explorer database version 3.6. Participants in the walnut group compared to the control group had a higher intake of total polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, and phenolic acids in mg/d (IQR): 2480 (1955, 3145) vs. 1897 (1369, 2496); 56 (42,84) vs. 29 (15, 54); 174 (90, 298) vs. 140 (61, 277); and 368 (246, 569) vs. 242 (89, 398), respectively. There was a significant inverse association between dietary flavonoid intake and urine polyphenol excretion; less urinary excretion may imply that some of the polyphenols were eliminated via the gut. Nuts had a significant contribution to the total polyphenols in the diet, suggesting that a single food like walnuts added to habitual diet can increase the polyphenol intake in a Western population.
22
Zamora-Ros, Raul, Carine Biessy, Joseph A. Rothwell, Adriana Monge, Martin Lajous, Augustin Scalbert, Ruy López-Ridaura, and Isabelle Romieu. "Dietary polyphenol intake and their major food sources in the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort." British Journal of Nutrition 120, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518001381.
Анотація:
AbstractSeveral descriptive studies on the intake of polyphenols, mostly flavonoids, have been published, especially in Europe and the USA, but insufficient data are still available in Latin-American countries, where different types of foods are consumed and different dietary habits are observed. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to estimate dietary intakes of polyphenols, including grand total, total per classes and subclasses and individual compounds, and to identify their main food sources in Mexican women. The Mexican Teachers’ Cohort includes 115 315 female teachers, 25 years and older, from twelve states of Mexico, including urban and rural areas. Dietary data were collected in the period 2008–2011 using a validated FFQ, and individual polyphenol intake was estimated using food composition data from the Phenol-Explorer database. Median total polyphenol intake was the highest in Baja California (750 mg/d) and the lowest in Yucatan (536 mg/d). The main polyphenols consumed were phenolic acids (56·3–68·5 % total polyphenols), followed by flavonoids (28·8–40·9 %). Intake of other polyphenol subclasses (stilbenes, lignans and others) was insignificant. Coffee and fruits were the most important food sources of phenolic acids and flavonoids, respectively. Intake of a total of 287 different individual polyphenols could be estimated, of which forty-two were consumed in an amount ≥1 mg/d. The most largely consumed polyphenols were several caffeoylquinic acids (ranging from 20 and 460 mg/d), ferulic acid, hesperidin and proanthocyanidins. This study shows a large heterogeneity in intakes of individual polyphenols among Mexican women, but a moderate heterogeneity across Mexican states. Main food sources were also similar in the different states.
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Bozkuş, Tuğba Nigar, and Orhan Değer. "Comparison of total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of propolis in different solvents." Food and Health 8, no. 2 (2022): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/fh22011.
Анотація:
This study aims to deter-mine which solvent is the best for the solubility of the propolis by using concentra-tions of total polyphenols and flavonoids, ferric reduc-ing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and total an-tioxidant status (TAS) in extracts of propolis from different provinces of Tü-rkiye prepared with water, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol and ace-tone. Propolis samples were lyophilized in the same sol-vents except for that glycer-ol and acetone. Total con-centrations of polyphenols and flavonoids, FRAP, and TAS of both normal and ly-ophilized extracts were found be consistent when compared with each other. After extraction of propolis and evaluation of the total polyphenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant ca-pacity, we concluded that it is mostly dissolved in DMSO, and after that in ethanol, acetone, glycerol respectively, and the least in water according to our ex-traction and analysis meth-ods.
24
Rasheed, Haroon, Daraz Ahmad, and Jinsong Bao. "Genetic Diversity and Health Properties of Polyphenols in Potato." Antioxidants 11, no. 4 (March 22, 2022): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040603.
Анотація:
Polyphenol is one of the most essential phytochemicals with various health benefits. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is known as a potential source of polyphenols, and also has health benefits in which phenolic acids, such as chlorogenic, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and flavonoids, such as anthocyanins, sustainably play the most significant role. Almost every polyphenol contributes to various biological activities. In this review, we collected comprehensive information concerning the diversity of polyphenols in potatoes, and the effects of post-harvest processing and different cooking methods on the bioavailability of polyphenols. To achieve maximum health benefits, the selection of potato cultivars is necessary by choosing their colors, but various cooking methods are also very important in obtaining the maximum concentration of polyphenolic compounds. The health properties including major biological activities of polyphenols, such as antioxidant activity, anticarcinogenic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-obesity activity, and antidiabetic activity, have also been summarized. All these biological activities of polyphenols in potatoes might be helpful for breeders in the design of new varieties with many health benefits, and are expected to play a vital role in both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
25
Shubina, Victoria S., Victoria I. Kozina, and Yuri V. Shatalin. "A Comparative Study of the Inhibitory Effect of Some Flavonoids and a Conjugate of Taxifolin with Glyoxylic Acid on the Oxidative Burst of Neutrophils." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 20 (October 11, 2023): 15068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015068.
Анотація:
During the storage, processing, and digestion of flavonoid-rich foods and beverages, a condensation of flavonoids with toxic carbonyl compounds occurs. The effect of the resulting products on cells remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of quercetin, taxifolin, catechin, eriodictyol, hesperetin, naringenin, and a condensation product of taxifolin with glyoxylic acid on the oxidative burst of neutrophils. It was found that the flavonoids and the condensation product inhibited the total production of ROS. Flavonoids decreased both the intra and extracellular ROS production. The condensation product had no effect on intracellular ROS production but effectively inhibited the extracellular production of ROS. Thus, the condensation of flavonoids with toxic carbonyl compounds may lead to the formation of compounds exhibiting potent inhibitory effects on the oxidative burst of neutrophils. The data also suggest that, during these reactions, the influence of a fraction of flavonoids and their polyphenolic derivatives on cellular functions may change. On the whole, the results of the study provide a better understanding of the effects of polyphenols on human health. In addition, these results reveal the structure–activity relationship of these polyphenols and may be useful in a search for new therapeutic agents against diseases associated with oxidative stress.
26
Roszkowski, Szymon. "Application of Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Oncological Therapy." Molecules 28, no. 10 (May 13, 2023): 4080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104080.
Анотація:
The use of naturally derived drugs in anti-cancer therapies has grown exponentially in recent years. Among natural compounds, polyphenols have shown potential therapeutic applications in treatment due to their protective functions in plants, their use as food additives, and their excellent antioxidant properties, resulting in beneficial effects on human health. Building more efficient cancer therapies with fewer side effects on human health can be achieved by combining natural compounds with conventional drugs, which are typically more aggressive than natural chemicals with polyphenols. This article reviews a wide variety of studies where polyphenolic compounds can play a key role as anticancer drugs, alone or in combination with other drugs. Moreover, the future directions of applications of various polyphenols in cancer therapy are shown.
27
Kamiński, Piotr, Marcin Gruba, Zygmunt Fekner, Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz, and Zbigniew Kobus. "The Influence of Water Extraction Parameters in Subcritical Conditions and the Shape of the Reactor on the Quality of Extracts Obtained from Norway Maple (Acer platanoides L.)." Processes 11, no. 12 (December 9, 2023): 3395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11123395.
Анотація:
The Box–Behnken experimental design was used to investigate the effect of subcritical water extraction parameters such as temperature, process duration, and extractor shape on the extract composition and antioxidant activity of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) bark extracts. Spectrophotometric (UV-Vis) techniques were employed to evaluate the total polyphenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC). The DPPH radical scavenging method was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The yield of the process was evaluated through the utilization of response surface methodology (RSM). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, together with antioxidant activity, are highly dependent on water temperature. The influence of changes in the process duration and the shape of the pressure cell was not observed. A temperature increase from 110 °C to 170 °C caused a 8.9-fold increase in the polyphenol content, 7.2-fold increase in the flavonoid content, and 12.6-fold increase in the antioxidant activity. The highest values for polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity occurred at a temperature of 170 °C, which is the upper limit of the temperature variability range for these studies. This study demonstrates the importance of the appropriate selection of extraction parameters in order to obtain the desired chemical composition of the extract.
28
Karlińska, Elżbieta, Beata Romanowska, and Monika Kosmala. "The Aerial Parts of Agrimonia procera Wallr. and Agrimonia eupatoria L. as a Source of Polyphenols, and Especially Agrimoniin and Flavonoids." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 7706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247706.
Анотація:
Plants of the genus Agrimonia L. perfectly fit the current trends in nutrition and food technology, namely, the need for raw materials with a high content of bioactive natural compounds, including polyphenols, which could be added to food. The composition of polyphenolics, including agrimoniin and flavonoids, in the aerial parts of Agrimonia procera Wallr. (A. procera) and Agrimonia eupatoria L. (A. eupatoria) (Rosaceae) was determined using HPLC-DAD-MS. The polyphenolic content of A. procera was found to be 3.9%, 3.2%, 2.9%, 1.8% and 1.1%, and that of A. eupatoria was determined to be 1.3%, 0.3%, 0.9%, 0.6% and 0.5% in the dry matter of leaves, stems, fruits, seeds and hypanthia, respectively. Except for A. procera hypanthia, agrimoniin was the main polyphenolic compound in the aerial parts of the studied Agrimonia species. Both plants are also a valuable source of flavonoid glycosides, especially apigenin, luteolin and quercetin. The obtained data indicate that both A. procera and A. eupatoria are potentially good sources of polyphenols (albeit significantly different in terms of their qualitative and quantitative composition), and may not only be a medicinal raw material, but also a valuable material for food use such as nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients.
29
Nastasi, Joseph Robert, Venea Dara Daygon, Vassilis Kontogiorgos, and Melissa A. Fitzgerald. "Qualitative Analysis of Polyphenols in Glycerol Plant Extracts Using Untargeted Metabolomics." Metabolites 13, no. 4 (April 17, 2023): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040566.
Анотація:
Glycerol is a reliable solvent for extracting polyphenols from food and waste products. There has been an increase in the application of glycerol over benchmark alcoholic solvents such as ethanol and methanol for natural product generation because of its non-toxic nature and high extraction efficiency. However, plant extracts containing a high glycerol concentration are unsuitable for mass spectrometry-based investigation utilising electrospray ionization, inhibiting the ability to analyse compounds of interest. In this investigation, a solid phase extraction protocol is outlined for removing glycerol from plant extracts containing a high concentration of glycerol and their subsequent analysis of polyphenols using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry. Using this method, glycerol-based extracts of Queen Garnet Plum (Prunus salicina) were investigated and compared to ethanolic extracts. Anthocyanins and flavonoids in high abundance were found in both glycerol and ethanol extracts. The polyphenol metabolome of Queen Garnet Plum was 53% polyphenol glycoside derivatives and 47% polyphenols in their aglycone forms. Furthermore, 56% of the flavonoid derivates were found to be flavonoid glycosides, and 44% were flavonoid aglycones. In addition, two flavonoid glycosides not previously found in Queen Garnet Plum were putatively identified: Quercetin-3-O-xyloside and Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside.
30
Faramayuda, Fahrauk, Soraya Riyanti, Ari Sri Widyaswari, Zaini Alfahmi, Sultan Salahudin Jamal, Totik Sri Mariani, Elfahmi Elfahmi, and Sukrasno Sukrasno. "Comparison of Polyphenol Levels of Callus and Wild Type of Cat's Whiskers Plant ( Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.) Purple Varieties." Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v6i2.51.
Анотація:
The cat's whiskers plant ( Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq) that grows in Indonesia has white flowers, purple flowers, and white flowers with purple patterns. The quality of the secondary metabolite content of each cat's whiskers plant is different because it depends on environmental influences such as rainfall or soil mineral content. Plant tissue culture methods such as callus culture or cell culture are used to overcome these obstacles because these methods do not depend on the environment and can produce secondary metabolites such as those produced by the original plant. Cat's whiskers contain the main secondary metabolite compounds: rosmarinic acid, eupatorin, and sinensetin. Rosmarinic acid belongs to the phenolic group, while sinensetin and eupatorin are flavonoids. This study aimed to determine the total levels of polyphenols and flavonoids in purple cat whiskers and determine the ratio of secondary metabolites of cat whiskers callus with wild-type plants—determination of polyphenol content using Folin Ciocalteau reagent. Determining flavonoid levels is based on colorimetry using AlCl 3 reagent, specific for flavone and flavonol compounds. The levels of polyphenols contained in the ethanolic extract of callus and cat whiskers of the purple variety were 16.056 ± 0.204 mgQE/g and 30.780 ± 0.425 mgQE/g, while the polyphenol content of the callus ethyl acetate extract and the purple variety of cat whiskers leaves was 15,489 ± 0.425 mgQE/g and 13,262 ± 0.044 mgQE/g. The levels of flavonoids contained in the ethanol extract of the cat whiskers leaf were 1.39±0.03 mgQE/g and callus 0.16±0.02 mgQE/g in the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of the cat whiskers 2.16±0.012 mgQE/g and callus 2.24±0.010 mgQE/g. The polyphenols and flavonoids in the callus ethyl acetate extract were more significant than the ethyl acetate extract of the purple variety ( wild type ) cat whiskers leaf.
31
Wang, Jie, Jianping Xu, Xue Gong, Min Yang, Chunhong Zhang, and Minhui Li. "Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Pharmacology of Polyphenols from Chinese Salvia Species: A Review." Molecules 24, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010155.
Анотація:
Salvia species find widespread application in food and pharmaceutical products owing to their large polyphenol content. The main polyphenols in Chinese Salvia species are phenolic acids and flavonoids, which exhibit anti-oxygenation, anti-ischemia-reperfusion injury, anti-thrombosis, anti-tumour, and other therapeutic effects. However, there are few peer-reviewed studies on polyphenols in Chinese Salvia species, especially flavonoids. This review is a systematic, comprehensive collation of available information on the biosynthesis, chemistry, and pharmacology of Chinese Salvia species. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because this review provides a detailed literary resource on the currently available information on various polyphenolic components of Chinese Salvia species, including their bioactivities and structures. In addition, the study provides information that would encourage further investigation of this plant material as a natural resource with potential for a broad range of applications in various industries, such as the food and pharmaceutical industries.
32
SALIM, Nora, Nadya WAHID, Jamal AABDOUSSE, Ilias OUSSIF, and Noureddine HAMAMOUCH. "Effect of provenance on leaf morphological traits and secondary metabolite levels in leaf extracts of Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) in Morocco." March 2024, no. 18(03):2024 (March 15, 2024): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.24.18.03.pne-24.
Анотація:
Myrtus communis L. is widely used as an aromatic and medicinal plant. In this work, we investigate the influence of provenance on leaf morphological traits and secondary metabolite levels in leaf extracts of Myrtle. Samples of myrtle from different geographically distinct areas were measured and analysed for polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH test. The analysis of result reveals the significant variance among populations in terms of morphological traits and levels of secondary compounds, particularly in terms of polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and reducing power. Correlations between certain studied traits and environmental conditions were recorded. Leaf size and methanolic leaf extract yields from Moroccan myrtle showed as good criteria for natural population selection. Precipitation, temperature, and altitude were determinants of variation in leaf morphological traits, extract yield, and their polyphenolic, tannin, and flavonoid compounds. Based on the studied traits, three major groups were identified with few clear geographical affiliations. The IZA population from the Western Rif and GHA from the Pre-Rif formed a separate group from the other populations, characterized by the highest extract yields. The BRA population from the central plateau formed a distinct isolated group from the others. This population, collected from a location with low annual rainfall values was the richest in tannins with relatively high levels of polyphenols and flavonoids compared to other populations. This means that drought affects the amount of polyphenols and flavonoids. The geographical structure of the third group is mixed, including the IKA and AGH (Pre-Rif) populations, BS and RAB from the Central Plateau, and BT from the Western Rif.
33
Rusli, Zaldy, Yulianita Yulianita, and Elfrida Erawati Sitanggang. "PERBANDINGAN KADAR FLAVONOID EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELENGKENG (Dimocarpus logan L.) DENGAN VARIASI METODE EKSTRAKSI." EKOLOGIA 22, no. 1 (April 27, 2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v22i1.5042.
Анотація:
Longan plants (Dimocarpus logan L.) are generally used by the community only for their fruit. Longan leaves contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and tannins. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds and have antioxidant properties that are not heat-resistant, therefore a suitable method is needed for extracting flavonoids, especially methods that do not use heat. Maceration extraction method is an extraction method by immersing simplicia at room temperature, while the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) extraction method is an extraction method using microwave radiation. The study aims to determine the most effective method for flavonoid content of longan leaves using 2 extraction methods, namely maceration and MAE. Determination of flavonoid content was done using Aluminium chloride reagent whose absoption was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that the best extraction method to produce the highest flavonoid content in 70% ethanol extract of longan leaves was the Microwace Assisted Extraction method which produced flavonoid levels of 1.32 ± 0,09%.
34
Lasoń, Władysław, and Monika Leśkiewicz. "Effect of plant polyphenols on seizures – animal studies." Journal of Epileptology 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joepi-2015-0007.
Анотація:
SUMMARY Introduction. Flavonoids are a large group of natural compounds that have been considered to be beneficial in ameliorating some age-dependent disorders. However, a potential use of these compounds in epilepsy treatment has not been systematically reviewed. Aim. This review describes the pharmacological activity of some polyphenols (flavonoids) in different animal models of seizures e.g. pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, kainate-induced seizures and pentylenetetrazole kindling in rats. Method and Discussion. A literature review was conducted using PubMed from 1963 to October 2013 relating effects of flavonoids on experimentally-induced seizures in rodents. Articles chosen for references were queried with the following prompts: “flavonoids and epilepsy”, “flavonoids and seizures”, “plant polyphenols and epilepsy”, and “plant polyphenols and seizures”. Out of 84 reports 32 pharmacological studies with chemically well-defined flavonoids and using widely accepted animal models of seizures have been taken into account in this review. No clinical data on the antiepileptic effect of flavonoids have been reported so far. Conclusion. The reviewed data suggest the possible benefits of some chemically well-defined polyphenolic compounds of plant origin in antiepileptic treatment. Among flavonoids, resveratrol, baicalein, quercetin and rutin showed significant antiseizure activity. The ability of flavonoids to prevent brain excitability and to protect the brain against oxidative stress-induced damage suggests a potential use of some flavonoids at least as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of epilepsy.
35
Gunathilake, K., K. Ranaweera, and H. Rupasinghe. "Effect of Different Cooking Methods on Polyphenols, Carotenoids and Antioxidant Activities of Selected Edible Leaves." Antioxidants 7, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox7090117.
Анотація:
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cooking (boiling, steaming, and frying) on polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and antioxidant activity of six edible leaves. The total antioxidant capacity of the fresh and cooked leaves was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and singlet oxygen scavenging assays. The results revealed that frying caused a reduction in major bioactives and antioxidant activities in all leafy vegetables tested. However, steamed and boiled leaves of C. auriculata and C. asiatica have shown greater levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity compared with fresh leaves. Polyphenol and flavonoid contents of boiled S. grandiflora and G. lactiferum were higher than that of their fresh form. Boiled and steamed O. zeylanica and S. grandiflora have shown higher carotenoids. Boiled and steamed leaves of P. edulis have shown higher antioxidant activity. The impact of cooking on the changes in bioactive concentrations and antioxidant capacities are dependent on the species and the method of cooking.
36
Ziółkiewicz, Agnieszka, Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd, Agnieszka Wójtowicz, Tomasz Oniszczuk, Marek Gancarz, Iwona Kowalska, Jarosław Mołdoch, Adrianna Kondracka, and Anna Oniszczuk. "The Effect of In Vitro Digestion on Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and Sorghum-Enriched Pasta." Molecules 28, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041706.
Анотація:
The phenol content of sorghum is a unique feature among all cereal grains; hence this fact merits the special attention of scientists. It should be remembered that before polyphenols can be used in the body, they are modified within the digestive tract. In order to obtain more accurate data on the level and activity of tested ingredients after ingestion and digestion in the in vivo digestive tract, in vitro simulated digestion may be used. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and individual phenolic acids, as well as the antiradical properties, of sorghum and sorghum-enriched pasta before and after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. We observed that the total content of polyphenols decreased after gastric digestion of sorghum, and slightly increased after duodenal digestion. Moreover, the flavonoid content decreased after the first stage of digestion, while antioxidant properties increased after the first stage of digestion and slightly decreased after the second stage. The digestion of polyphenolics in sorghum is completely different to that in pasta—both in varieties with, and without, the addition of sorghum. For pasta, the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids, and free radical scavenging properties, decrease after each stage of digestion.
37
Spiegler, V., E. Liebau, and A. Hensel. "Medicinal plant extracts and plant-derived polyphenols with anthelmintic activity against intestinal nematodes." Natural Product Reports 34, no. 6 (2017): 627–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6np00126b.
Анотація:
A review of knowledge on plant extracts with known polyphenolic composition and of defined polyphenols against intestinal nematodes, focussing on polyphenols mainly from condensed and hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids and their diverse biological activity against different helminths including the underlying mechanisms.
38
Mazilu, Ivona, Loredana Elena Vîjan, Simona Giura, and Mihai Botu. "EVOLUTION OF POLYPHENOLS AND FLAVONOIDS LEVELS IN LEAVES, MESOCARP AND KERNEL OF THREE JUGLANS REGIA L. CULTIVARS." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 10, no. 19 (July 31, 2021): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.035.
Анотація:
This paper studies polyphenols and flavonoids level evolution in Juglans regia L. leaves and mesocarp during the growing season, as well as compounds evolution in the walnut kernel for fully mature picked nuts, stored for eight months at room temperature. Both compounds, polyphenols and flavonoids were significantly influenced by cultivar, harvest moment, and, respectively, by the storage time. The highest content of polyphenols was found in ′Jupânești′ cultivar’s leaves, ′Vina′ cultivar’s kernel, and ′Franquette′ cv. mesocarp. Also, nut mesocarp and leaves samples harvested in July and nut kernel stored till next March contained maximum polyphenols levels. The highest flavonoid content was determined for ′Vina′ cultivar’s leaves, ′Franquette′ cultivar’s fruit mesocarp, ′Vina′’s kernel, leaves and mesocarp sampled in July and nut kernel stored until March. For the entire experiment, maximum polyphenols level was found in ′Jupânești′ cultivar’s leaves harvested in July. Flavonoids reached their highest level in case of ′Franquette′ kernel stored until March. The three studied cultivars: ′Jupânești′, ′Vina′ and ′Franquette′ can be valuable sources of phenolic compounds.
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Mitsunari, Kensuke, Yasuyoshi Miyata, Tomohiro Matsuo, Yuta Mukae, Asato Otsubo, Junki Harada, Tsubasa Kondo, Tsuyoshi Matsuda, Kojiro Ohba, and Hideki Sakai. "Pharmacological Effects and Potential Clinical Usefulness of Polyphenols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020450.
Анотація:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is arguably the most common benign disease among men. This disease is often associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men and significantly decreases the quality of life. Polyphenol consumption reportedly plays an important role in the prevention of many diseases, including BPH. In recent years, in addition to disease prevention, many studies have reported the efficacy and safety of polyphenol treatment against various pathological conditions in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, numerous studies have also revealed the molecular mechanisms of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols. We believe that an improved understanding of the detailed pharmacological roles of polyphenol-induced activities at a molecular level is important for the prevention and treatment of BPH. Polyphenols are composed of many members, and their biological roles differ. In this review, we first provide information regarding the pathological roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in BPH. Next, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols, including those of flavonoids and non-flavonoids, are discussed. Finally, we talk about the results and limitations of previous clinical trials that have used polyphenols in BPH, with particular focus on their molecular mechanisms of action.
40
Maggini, Valentina, Gianpaolo Bertazza, Eugenia Gallo, Vittorio Mascherini, Lorenzo Calvi, Chiara Marra, Francesca Michelucci, et al. "The Different Phytochemical Profiles of Salvia officinalis Dietary Supplements Labelled for Menopause Symptoms." Molecules 29, no. 1 (December 22, 2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010094.
Анотація:
Phytochemical screening of four commercial products containing Salvia officinalis was carried out. Total phenolic content was estimated spectrophotometrically through the use of the Folin–Ciocalteau method, flavonoid content was measured through the use of aluminum chloride and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine colorimetric assays, and isoflavones and α/β-thujones were analyzed through the use of high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and the gas chromatographic method. The analyses revealed the absence of thujones and isoflavones (i.e., genistin, genistein, and daidzein) in all four different extracts. The content of polyphenolic compounds varied among the samples, with the extract T being richer in both polyphenols and flavonoids than the other products by 1.8–3.2 and 1.4–4.0 times, respectively (p-value < 0.05). These results highlight the importance of quality control in salvia-based products since a thujone-free extract rich in polyphenols and flavonoids could be a good candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies to identify an effective herbal approach suitable for the long-term therapy of menopausal symptoms.
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Korovkina, Anna Viktorovna, Nikita Sergeyevich Tsvetov, Oksana Ivanovna Paukshta, Aleksey Leonidovich Shavarda, Diana Aleksandrovna Petrashova, and Vladimir Konstantinovich Zhirov. "DETERMINATION OF THE CONTENT OF POLYPHENOL COMPONENTS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF THE PLANT KOENIGIA WEYRICHII GROWING ON THE KOLA PENIN-SULA." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021039226.
Анотація:
Flavonoids are valuable polyphenolic compounds that accumulate in plants and have various biological activities. Koenigia Weyrichii (F. Schmidt) T.M. Schust. et Reveal is one of the plants with high flavonoid content in aerial parts. The aim of this work is to compare the total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, the total antioxidant and antiradical activity of ethanol extracts obtained from different parts of the K. Weyrichii plant growing in the Arctic zone of Russia, to compare the efficiency of ultrasonic extraction and maceration, and to determine the optimal extraction conditions. The determination of the total content of polyphenolic components was carried out using the Folin-Chocalteu reagent, the total content of flavonoids - using the complexation reaction with aluminum chloride, the total antioxidant activity - using the phosphomolybdate method, and the free radical scavenging - in the reaction with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). An increased yield of flavonoids is observed when maceration is used. According to the data on the total content of flavonoids, the optimal conditions for maceration (time and ratio of the components of the water-ethanol mixture) were determined. K. Weyrichii can be considered as a promising source of flavonoids and cultivated in the Arctic for further use.
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Sysak, Stepan, Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska, Piotr Szyk, Tomasz Koczorowski, Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk, Wojciech Szczolko, Roman Lesyk, and Tomasz Goslinski. "Metal Nanoparticle-Flavonoid Connections: Synthesis, Physicochemical and Biological Properties, as Well as Potential Applications in Medicine." Nanomaterials 13, no. 9 (May 2, 2023): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13091531.
Анотація:
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds widely occurring throughout the plant kingdom. They are biologically active and have many medical applications. Flavonoids reveal chemopreventive, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant properties, as well as being able to modulate the immune system response and inhibit inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Polyphenols are also believed to reverse multidrug resistance via various mechanisms, induce apoptosis, and activate cell death signals in tumor cells by modulating cell signaling pathways. The main limitation to the broader usage of flavonoids is their low solubility, poor absorption, and rapid metabolism. To tackle this, the combining of flavonoids with nanocarriers could improve their bioavailability and create systems of wider functionalities. Recently, interest in hybrid materials based on combinations of metal nanoparticles with flavonoids has increased due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties, including improved selectivity toward target sites. In addition, flavonoids have further utilities, even in the initial step of preparation of metal nanomaterials. The review offers knowledge on multiple possibilities of the synthesis of flavonoid-metal nanoparticle conjugates, as well as presents some of their features such as size, shape, surface charge, and stability. The flavonoid-metal nanoparticles are also discussed regarding their biological properties and potential medical applications.
43
He, Zhishu, Hao Zhang, Tao Wang, Ren Wang, and Xiaohu Luo. "Effects of Five Different Lactic Acid Bacteria on Bioactive Components and Volatile Compounds of Oat." Foods 11, no. 20 (October 16, 2022): 3230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11203230.
Анотація:
In this research, oats were fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus for 48 h at 37 °C. The purpose of this work was to compare the growth capacities of the five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the oat matrix and the effects of fermentation on the contents of the bioactive components of oat, such as β-glucan, polyphenols, flavonoids and volatile compounds at different time (0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h). After 48 h of fermentation, the number of living L. acidophilus in oat reached 7.05 × 109 cfu/mL, much higher than that of other strains. S. thermophilus retained the greatest β-glucan content, and L. casei had increased total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents. The proportion of free and bound polyphenols and flavonoids in all samples was changed by microbial action, indicating that forms of polyphenols and flavonoids can be transformed during the fermentation process, and the changes varied with different strains. The samples with L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, and L. casei fermentation contained more alcohols, whereas those with S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus fermentation had more aldehydes, which revealed that the composition of volatile components was related to strains. The results indicate that oat substrate is a good medium for LAB growth. This study provides a reference for the use of different strains to achieve different fermentation purposes and a theoretical basis for the further processing of oat and fermented oat beverages.
44
Ali, Sajid. "Effects of post-emergence weedicides on yield, polyphenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant potential of artichoke leaves." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 60, no. 04 (December 1, 2023): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.99.
Анотація:
Artichoke is well known for its various medicinal properties i.e., lipid-lowering and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity of artichoke is mainly caused by the presence of various biologically active compounds, especially polyphenols. These polyphenols are being affected by a variety of environmental and cultivation factors including the application weedicides. The current study was aimed at clarifying the effects of various commonly used post-emergence weedicides (Phenmedipham, Pyridate, Quizalofop-p-ethyl, Prosulfocarb, Carfentrazone-ethyl, Rimsulfuron, Aclonifen, and Clomazone) on the production of polyphenolic compounds, including the flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acids. Weedicides were applied during the cultivation of artichoke in two growth phases. Polyphenols were analyzed in leaf extracts of artichoke using the HPLC method. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the leaf samples was determined. Results revealed minimum production of dry matter in the treatment with aclonifen (2.61 t ha-1). While different weedicide showed variable effects after each week (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th) of application. Significant difference among the various treatments of weedicide during both growth phases i.e., concentration of polyphenolics is being remarkably affecting by treatments with various weedicide. A positive correlation CQA (caffeoylquinic acid) with flavonoids on one hand and with ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) on the other showed the synergism among these. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of artichoke leaf extracts is influenced by the content of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoid in addition to some other antioxidants (carotenoids, terpenoids etc.). Weedicide application can lead to a reduction in phenolic constituents of artichoke leaf samples; however, this negative impact is quickly compensated during further growth and development of plant under moderate climate conditions
45
Liu, Jiyun, Mohammed E. Hefni, and Cornelia M. Witthöft. "Characterization of Flavonoid Compounds in Common Swedish Berry Species." Foods 9, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9030358.
Анотація:
Berries are considered an ideal source of polyphenols, especially from the flavonoid group. In this study, we examined the flavonoid content in 16 varieties of Swedish lingonberry, raspberry, blueberry, and strawberry. Nineteen flavonoids were simultaneously quantified using external standards. An additional 29 flavonoids were tentatively identified using MS as no standards were available. Quantification was done using HPLC-UV after optimization of chromatographic and extraction procedures. The method showed high linearity within the range of 2–100 μg/mL (correlation co-efficient >0.999), intra- and inter-day precision of 1.7–7.3% and average recovery above 84% for all compounds. Blueberries and lingonberries were found to contain higher contents of flavonoids (1100 mg/100 g dry weight) than raspberries and strawberries (500 mg/100 g dry weight). Anthocyanins were the dominant flavonoids in all berries. The tentatively characterized compounds contribute 18%, 29%, 61%, and 67% of the total flavonoid content in strawberries, lingonberries, raspberries, and blueberries, respectively. Overall, Swedish berries were shown to be good sources of polyphenols.
46
Mazo, Vladimir K., Nikita A. Petrov, Varuzhan A. Sarkisyan, and Alla A. Kochetkova. "The interaction between polyphenols and food proteins: prospects for diet therapy of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus." Problems of Endocrinology 64, no. 4 (October 6, 2018): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl8774.
Анотація:
The use of minor biologically active components of food (flavonoids) as functional food ingredients for foods for special dietary uses is a promising trend in prevention and treatment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders resulting from the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Unlike the in vitro studies that are conducted mainly on cell cultures, the results of clinical studies may be influenced by low bioavailability of polyphenols. This fact makes it impossible to reach the beneficial effects of polyphenols in some cases. Thus, the problem of polyphenol bioavailability enhancement is the main direction in producing highly effective specialized anti-diabetic food products. In this review, the interaction between proteins and polyphenolic compounds is discussed from the viewpoint of the potential to protect polyphenols against degradation in the digestive tract, to increase their stability and pharmacological activity compared to those of the conventional compositions. The problems of interactions between polyphenols and food proteins, digestive enzymes and cell transporters in the gastrointestinal tract have not been sufficiently covered in Russian academic publications. The studies focused on the mechanisms of interactions between polyphenols and proteins, considering the corresponding structural changes are of interest for predicting possible changes in their bioavailability. Polyphenol binding to proteins is influenced by the primary structure of a protein macromolecule, the spatial distribution of amino acid residues responsible for polyphenol binding, and some other parameters characterizing the conditions of interactions.
47
Ju, Yanjun, Yujie Wang, Lei Ma, Lu Kang, Hejiang Liu, Xue Ma, and Duoyong Zhao. "Comparative Analysis of Polyphenols in Lycium barbarum Fruits Using UPLC-IM-QTOF-MS." Molecules 28, no. 13 (June 22, 2023): 4930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134930.
Анотація:
Variety, geographical origin, and harvest season are important factors affecting the accumulation of polyphenols in Lycium barbarum. In this study, the effects of these factors on the polyphenolic components of this species were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Moreover, the in vitro antioxidant activities of fruit extracts from this species were evaluated. The total polyphenolic contents of L. barbarum fruits from Jinghe County in Xinjiang and Zhongning County in Ningxia were 5.52–11.72 and 7.06–9.37 mg (gallic acid equivalent)/g dry weight, while the total flavonoid contents of L. barbarum fruits from these regions were 12.52–30.29 and 12.67–20.77 mg (rutin equivalent)/g dry weight, respectively. Overall, 39 types of polyphenols were identified in the fruit extracts, including 26 flavonoids, 10 phenolic acids, and three tannins. Of these, 11 polyphenols were quantitatively analyzed, which revealed rutin to be the most dominant polyphenolic component in fruits from Jinghe and Zhongning. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities of L. barbarum fruit extracts, depending on the geographical origin, variety, and harvest season. The antioxidant activity of this species was found to be significantly positively correlated with the polyphenolic contents. This study provided scientific guidance for comprehensive applications of polyphenols from different varieties of L. barbarum from separate geographical origins.
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Jumat, Malory, Kwaku Gyebi Duodu, and Averalda van Graan. "Systematic Review of the Literature to Inform the Development of a South African Dietary Polyphenol Composition Database." Nutrients 15, no. 11 (May 23, 2023): 2426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15112426.
Анотація:
Comprehensively compiled dietary polyphenol data is required to compare polyphenol content between foods, calculate polyphenol intake and study its association with health and disease. The purpose of this review was to identify data on the presence and content of polyphenolic components in South African foods, with the aim of compiling the data into a database. An electronic literature search was conducted up until January 2020 using multiple databases. Additional literature was sourced from South African university repositories. A total of 7051 potentially eligible references were identified, of which 384 met the inclusion criteria. These studies provided information on food item name, geographical distribution, polyphenol type, quantity, and quantification method. Data for 1070 foods were identified, amounting to 4994 polyphenols. Spectrophotometry was the main method used for quantification of gross phenolic content in various assays such as total phenolic content (Folin–Ciocalteu assay), total flavonoid content (AlCl3 assay) and condensed tannin content (vanillin–HCl assay). Phenolic acids and flavonoids were the main polyphenol classes identified. This review highlights that South Africa has abundant information on the polyphenol content of foods, which could be utilised within a food composition database for the estimation of polyphenol intake for South Africa.
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Xie, Fengying, Yuchen Lei, Xue Han, Yuying Zhao, and Shuang Zhang. "Antioxidant ability of polyphenols from black rice, buckwheat and oats: In vitro and in vivo." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 38, No. 4 (August 31, 2020): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/248/2018-cjfs.
Анотація:
Grains (black rice, buckwheat and oats) contain polyphenols and have stronger antioxidant capacity than staple foods. Their polyphenols were identified and investigated for their antioxidant capacity. The black rice and buckwheat polyphenols were mainly flavonoids; those in oats were phenolic acids. In vitro, their radical-scavenging capacities were determined as black rice > buckwheat > oats. Similarly, in vivo, the increase in total antioxidant capacities and decline in malondialdehyde indicated the enhancement of radical-scavenging and repair abilities of all polyphenol extracts. Differences in superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, glutathione peroxidase activities and oxidase activities suggested that polyphenols from black rice and buckwheat have higher antioxidant activities, indicating that their antioxidant ability is related to polyphenol composition which depends on a polyphenol source. Thus, a combination of diets will make a complementary mixture of polyphenols that can enhance absorption in the intestinal tract and defence ability against oxidative stress.
50
Cheng, A., X. Chen, Q. Jin, W. Wang, J. Shi, and Y. Liu. "Comparison of phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of red and yellow onions." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 31, No. 5 (September 9, 2013): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/566/2012-cjfs.
Анотація:
The total polyphenol (TP), flavonoid, proanthocyanidin (PAC) content, and antioxidant capacity of both onion varieties (red and yellow) were compared. The content of TP, flavonoids, and PAC was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, AlCl<sub>3</sub>, and by DMAC colorimetric method, respectively. The results showed that the contents of TP and flavonoids decreased from the outer to the inner layers in both onions, but there was no significant difference in PAC content. The outer layers had the highest antioxidant activity of extracts followed by a continuous decrease towards the inner layers in both varieties. The contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids were quantified by HPLC. Gallic acid, ferulic acid, and quercetin, as the main compounds in polyphenols, were detected in each layer of both onions. The red variety showed better antioxidant activity than yellow onion according to the linoleic acid system and DPPH assay. The higher contents of TP and flavonoids were associated with higher antioxidant activity.