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Дисертації з теми "Polymers - Electrospinning"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Norton, David. "Electrospinning of polymers." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15166/.

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The electro spinning process is of great utility in the manufacture of non-woven fabrics for a variety of applications including tissue engineering. A machine has been constructed capable of electrostatically spinning (electro spinning) a wide range of polymer solutions for the production of nano and micrometer diameter polymer fibres and fibrous non-wovens. The key role of these scaffolds in the research is in the making of tissue engineered scaffolds. Methods have been developed to allow control over the fibre topography enabling the production of fibrous polystyrene (PS) and poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) scaffolds within which skin cells can proliferate and self-organise. A polystyrene scaffold, without cell signalling chemistry, was made by electro spinning and used for coculture of fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial cells. In the absence of growth serum the single cell cultures did not thrive, but together they did not need growth serum to populate the 3-D structure. When cultured at an air-water interface native spatial organisation was observed, demonstrating that not only does co-culture allow cells to proliferate without serum but also spontaneously self organise into the epidermal/dermal structure. Control over the fibre surface has also been achieved whereby electro spinning in a variable humidity environment alters the porosity of the fibre surface. The benefits of this surface control have been investigated in terms of the fibre's efficacy at drug delivery. Rates of delivery of a water soluble drug encapsulated within PLLA fibres with modified surface morphologies were monitored. It was shown that the surface pores were insufficiently large to cause a noticeable increase in drug delivery rates compared with totally smooth fibres. A novel electrospinning technique has been introduced and trialled whereby aligned micro and nanofibres of a range of polymers have been produced. This method represents a breakthrough technology in electrospinning where non-woven products are usually obtained.

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2

Eda, Goki. "Effects of solution rheology on electrospinning of polystyrene." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042706-135317/.

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3

Lin, Yinan. "Electrospinning Polymer Fibers for Design and Fabrication of New Materials." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1310997689.

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4

Hsu, Chen-Ming. "Electrospinning of Poly(£`-Caprolactone)." Digital WPI, 2003. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/485.

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The objectives of the present work are to produce porous polymeric scaffolds with Poly (Ã†â€™Ãƒâ€¢-Caprolactone), PCL, by electrospinning. The structure in the electrospun polymer has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The effects of process variables such as voltage, solution concentration and deposition distance on the structure have been studied. The physical phenomena associated with the electrospinning process have been highlighted through high speed digital photography. The feasibility of using additives to the solution to control the structure of the porous construct has been examined. The data indicate that a range of structural morphologies can be produced in the electrospun polymer. Solid and hollow sub-micron beads can be produced by electrospraying of dilute solutions. Beyond a critical solution concentration of about 4 wt% PCL, elongational flow stabilizes the fibrous structure and a web of interconnected sub-micron fibers may be obtained. The average fiber diameter increases with concentration. A combination of elongated beads and fibers, known as the bead-on-string morphology is also observed under many conditions. The fibrous structure is stabilized at high voltages. The fiber diameter in the electrospun polymer typically exhibits a bimodal distribution. The addition of DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide) to the solution increases the deposition rate significantly and leads to extensive splaying, thereby reducing the fiber diameter to about 150 nm. DSC data indicate that electrospinning may lower the degree of crystallinity in the polymer. The wide of range of structural characteristics that may be obtained in the electrospun polymer make it suitable for many biomedical applications including medical textiles, drug delivery, membrane separation, tissue engineering and organ regeneration.

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5

Hassounah, Ibrahim [Verfasser]. "Melt electrospinning of thermoplastic polymers / Ibrahim Hassounah." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023021420/34.

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6

Keulder, Liesl. "The preparation of polyolefin nanofibres by solution electrospinning." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80277.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Solution electrospinning is a technique used to produce polymer micro- or nanofibres. Recently a great deal of research has been done on the application of polymer nanofibres produced by this method. The solution electrospinning of polyolefins have not been researched in-depth mainly due to the difficulty in dissolving these polymers in suitable electrospinning solvents. We managed to electrospin polypropylene copolymers at room temperature, obtaining both polymer micro- and nanofibres. A suitable solvent system was developed (cyclohexane/DMF/acetone) that allowed for the room temperature solution electrospinning of these crystalline polypropylene copolymers. It was also shown that using propylene-1-alkene copolymers with a low comonomer content was a facile way of producing crystalline polyolefins nano – and microfibers. Similar attempts to electrospin isotactic polypropylene were unsuccessful, even though lower molecular weight materials were used than in the case of the copolymers. This lead to an investigation of solution melting temperature by SCALLS. The copolymers showed great variance in their solution melting temperatures despite the fact that they all had more or less the same crystallinity and amount of comonomer, indicating that the type of comonomer played an important role in the solubility of the copolymer. The effect of different collectors was investigated, but in the end it was found that between spinning unto ice, foil on ice of just foil, foil still seemed to be the best collector. Comparing crystallinity of the polymer powders with that of the polymer fibres by DSC and WAXD, it was found that there is a difference in the crystallinity of the fibres and the powders. EVOH is a polymer with excellent properties and electropspinning of this polymer is relatively easy due to the fact that it dissolves quite easily in conductive solvents. DMF, Isopropanol/water and DMSO were all tested as suitable solvents and the morphology was compared through the use of SEM. The morphology of the fibres indicated that DMSO was the best solvent. The influence of the spinning parameters was determined for both systems of DMF and DMSO. These nanofibres were used as reinforcement in LDPE matrix and the mechanical properties of the LDPE matrix was improved with the addition of both aligned and unaligned fibres. The next step was the electrospinning of EVOH fibres containing MWCNT. TEM, FE-SEM and TGA were used to confirm the presence of the MWCNT as well as determine the distribution of the MWCNT inside the nanofibres. The nanotubes were distributed through the fibres; however agglomeration of the nanotubes did still take place. The nanofibres containing MWCNT were also used to make composites where the fibres were melted, leaving the MWCNT behind in the polymer matrix. This was done in both LDPE and EVOH matrices. The LDPE/MWCNT composites did not give positive results, on the other hand the EVOH/MWCNT composite showed an improvement in the mechanical properties compared to pure EVOH. The attachment of fluorescent dye molecules to the surface of the MWCNT was attempted and through fluorescent microscopy and the dispersion of the nanotubes inside the fibres as well as the composite could be seen. This study proved that polyolefin nanofibres could be obtained, giving rise to more applications for these versatile polymers. It also confirmed the importance of nanofibres as reinforcement and the use of nanofibres as a way to incorporate MWCNT in a polymer matrix.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elektrospin in ‘n oplosmiddel is ‘n tegniek wat gebruik word om polimeer mikro- en nanovesels te produseer. Die afgelope tyd word baie navorsing gedoen oor die aanwending van polimeer nanovesels wat geproduseer word op hierdie manier. Daar is nog min navorsing gepubliseer wat handel oor die elektrospin van poliolefiene uit ‘n oplosmiddel, deels oor hoe moeilik dit is om ‘n geskikte elektrospin oplosmiddel te vind vir hierdie polimere. In hierdie studie het ons mikro- en nanovesels verkry deur polipropileen kopolimere te elektrospin by kamertemperatuur. Die polimere is opgelos in ‘n oplosmiddel sisteem wat bestaan uit sikloheksaan/dimetielformamied/asetoon, by hoë temperatuur en het toegelaat dat die polimere in oplossing bly by kamertemperatuur. Hierdie diverse kopolimere het verskillende resultate gegee, sommige polimere het mikrovesels produseer, waar ander nanovesels geproduseer het. Die vessel morfologie is ondersoek deur die gebruik van Skandering Elektron Mikroskopie (SEM) en daar is gevind dat die vesels nie ‘n gladde voorkoms het nie, maar dat daar kraalvormige morfologie gesien kon word. Om dit te voorkom is sout by die oplosmiddel sisteem gevoeg. Die invloed van die verskillende parameters op die vesels se deursnit is ondersoek vir al die kopolimere. Die byvoeging van sout het gelei tot ‘n meer gladde vesel morfologie. Die effek van die gebruik van verskillende oppervlaktes om die vesels op te vang is ondersoek en die die kristalliniteit van die polimeer poeiers is vergelyk met die kristalliniteit van die polimeer vesels met die hulp van DSC en WAXD. ‘n Poging is aangewend om isotaktiese polipropileen te elektrospin uit oplossing, maar ons kon nie daarin slag om die polimeer op te los nie, al was die molekulêre gewig minder as die van die kopolimere. Dit het gelei tot die ondersoek van die smeltpunt temperatuur in oplossing deur die gebruik van oplossing kristallisasie-analise deur laser lig verstrooing (SCALLS). Al die kopolimere het min of meer dieselfde kristalliniteit en hoeveelheid komonomer bevat, tog het hulle smeltpunt temperatuur in oplossing baie verskil. Dit het gedui op die feit dat die tipe komonomeer ‘n groot rol speel in die oplosbaarheid van die kopolimeer. Die elektrospin van etileen-ko-vinielalkohol (EVOH) is ook ondersoek. DMF, Isopropanol/Water en Dimetielsulfoksied (DMSO) is getoets as geskikte oplosmiddels en die morfologie van die vesels is vergelyk deur die gebruk van SEM. Die tyd wat die polimeer in oplossing gebly het asook die morfologie van die vesels, het aangedui dat DMSO die mees geskikte oplosmiddel was. Die invloed van die elektrospin parameters was vasgestel vir beide DMF en DMSO sisteme. Hierdie nanovesels is gebruik as versterking in ‘n LDPE matriks en die meganiese eienskappe van die LDPE matriks is verbeter deur die toevoeging van beide nie-geweefde en gerigte veselsopppervlakte. Die volgende stap was die elektrospin van EVOH vesels wat multi-ommuurde koolstof nanobuisies (MWCNT) bevat. TEM, FE-SEM en TGA was gebruik om te bevestig dat die vesels wel MWCNT bevat asook om die verspreiding van MWCNT in die vesels aan te dui. Die nanobuisies was versprei deur die vesels, maar bundels nanobuisies het tog voorkom in sommige plekke. Die nanovesels wat MWCNT bevat is ook gebruik om nanosamestellings te maak, waar die vesels gesmelt is om net MWCNT agter te laat in die polimeer matriks. Hierdie was gedoen in beide LDPE en EVOH matrikse. Geen positiewe resultate is verkry vir die LDPE/MWCNT nanosamestelling nie, maar die EVOH/MWCNT nanosamestelling het aan die anderkant ‘n groot verbetering getoon in die meganiese eienskappe in vergelyking met EVOH sonder MWCNT. ‘n Poging was aangewend om fluoreseerende molekules aan die oppervlak van MWCNT te voeg en deur fluoresensie mikroskopie kon die verspreiding van die MWCNT in die vesels asook in die nanosamestellings gesien word. Hierdie studie het bewys dat poliolefien nanovesels gemaak kan word wat lei tot die aanwending van hierdie polimere in nog meer toepassings. Dit het ook die belangrikheid van die gebruik van nanovesels as versterking in nanosamestellings bevestig asook die gebruik van nanovesels as ‘n manier om MWCNT in ‘n matriks te plaas.

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7

Xin, Yu. "Electrospinning Process and Resulting Nanofibers." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1321286561.

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8

Gao, Yaohua. "Electrospinning of Resorbable Amino-Acid Based Poly(ester urea)s for Regenerative Medicine." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1460374617.

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9

Daga, Vikram Kumar. "Rheology and electrospinning of neat and laponite-filled poly(ethylene oxide) solutions." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file Mb., 133 p, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit?1435916.

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10

Kakade, Meghana Vasant. "Uniaxial orientation of polymer molecules via electrospinning." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 53 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338927121&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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11

Shang, Zhihao. "Water Collection from Air by Electrospinning Hygroscopic Nanofibers." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1549363835073664.

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12

Pan, Lin. "Electrospinning of Spring Supported Tubular Nanofiber Media and Its Application." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron157359914742377.

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13

Pawlowski, Kristin Joy. "Electrospinning as a Processing Method for Electroactive Polymers and Composites." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1171.

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Electrospinning was examined for its potential to create functional materials. Three distinct electroactive materials were electrospun into fibers and fiber mats and then characterized with the intent of determining their utility in aerospace and biomedical applications such as micro-air vehicles and the cardiovascular system. Electrospun Graft Elastomers demonstrated potential as actuators, as electromechanical strain testing showed comparable response to the film form of this material. Further improvement of electroactive response was realized with high dielectric inclusions and fiber orientation. Electrospin processing imparted piezoelectric properties to the fibers of poly(vinylidene fluoride). Differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy indicated a degree of control over crystalline phase in poly(vinylidene fluoride) fibers based on electrospinning conditions. An increase in dielectric constant in the direction of fiber orientation proved that electrospinning also caused alignment of single-walled carbon nanotubes within the fibers. Ultem®/aligned single-walled carbon nanotube fiber nanocomposites were also fabricated; these showed evidence of enhanced piezoelectric strain response relative to fibers composed of the matrix alone. Thermal and static mechanical testing of all three types of fibers revealed no significant findings that would limit their use in abovementioned applications. Extract biocompatibility tests did not indicate severe adverse reaction of L929 mouse fibroblast cells to fiber mats for either Graft Elastomers or poly(vinylidene fluoride). These contributions prove that functional electroactive materials can be produced utilizing electrospinning as the processing method. This technique is simpler and cheaper to carry out, and resulting fiber mats showed comparable or improved properties and performance compared to other physical forms of the same materials.

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14

Lyons, Jason Michael Ko Frank K. "Melt-electrospinning of thermoplastic polymers : an experimental and theoretical analysis /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/367.

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15

Khan, Saima N. "Electrospinning Polymer Nanofibers-Electrical and Optical Characterization." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1200600595.

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16

Casper, Cheryl L. "Structure and properties of electrospun polymer fibers and applications in biomedical engineering." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 5.69 Mb., 165 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3200539.

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17

Liu, Suqi. "Droplet-jet shape in electrospinning: real-time feedback control of nanofiber diameter." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1573221625942164.

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18

Swart, Morne. "Synthesis and characterization of electrospun organic-inorganic hybrid graft copolymer nanofibers of poly(methyl methacrylate) and polydimethylsiloxane." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/718.

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19

Wen, Shihao. "Design Of Multi-Drug Release Coaxial Electrospun Mat Targeting Infection And Inflammation." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468852133.

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20

Ma, Wenbo. "ELECTROSPUN MATS WITH CHEMICAL MODIFIED POLY(ε-CAPROLACTONE) FOR WOUND HEALING APPLICATION". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1555636361181491.

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21

Liu, Xiao. "Effective control of cell behavior on conducting polymers." Department of Chemistry - Faculty of Science, 2009. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3046.

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This study explored the potential biomedical applications of polypyrrole (PPy). Electrical and topographic cues have been delivered to cells via composites of these conducting polymers, resulting in the successful control of cell behaviour.It was found that a clinically-relevant electrical stimulation protocol (250 Hz biphasic pulsed-current) delivered directly via PPy/poly(2-methoxy-5-aniline sulfonic acid) (PMAS) films can significantly promote PC12 nerve cell differentiation in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF), and can initiate reversible neurite sprouting from PC12 cell in the absence of NGF. The ability to promote neural outgrowth on PPy/PMAS has important implications for improving the neural/electrode interface, and this may be used to effect in nerve regeneration.The same biphasic 250 Hz electrical stimulations were applied to a monolayer of endothelial cells on PPy/heparin films, and significantly enhanced endothelial cell migration was observed as a result. Combined with the ease of fabrication on metallic stents and the antithrombotic function of heparin, these materials may be utilized for modification of stents to improve the re-endothelialization process after implantation. Finally, aligned PPy/poly(styrene-β-isobutylene-β-styrene) (SIBS) nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated by vapor phase depositing PPy onto electrospun SIBS fibrous mats. It was shown that this novel material provided a conductive and biocompatible platform for PC12 cell adhesion and differentiation. Neurite outgrowth was significantly influenced by the aligned fibers. High resolution AFM provided a closer inspection of the neurite outgrowths and revealed interesting physical interactions between the neurites and the aligned fibers. Aligned electroactive PPy/SIBS fibers have potential applications for improving the electrode-cellular interface of neural electrodes by encouraging guided neurite outgrowth toward the electrode through the use of electrical stimulation.The knowledge gained during the course of this study could form the basis for improving the cellular interface of neural electrodes and stents using conducting polymers.

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22

Yan, Han. "Electrospinning-Derived Carbon/Graphite Nanofiber Mats from a Polyimide-Mesophase Pitch Blend Precursor for Flexible Thermal Management Thin Films." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1309678439.

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23

Cinar, Simge. "Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles And Cable Like Structures Through Coaxial Electrospinning." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611472/index.pdf.

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The aim of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of production of nanocables as an alternative to the other one dimensional metal/polymer composite structures like nanowires and nanorods. There is no certain definition of nanocables
however they could be considered as assemblies of nanowires. Nanocable structure can be defined as a core-shell structure formed by a polymeric shell and a metal core that runs continuously within this shell. To produce nanocables, two main steps were carried out. Firstly, monodispersed silver metal nanoparticles to be aligned within the cable core were produced. Investigations on reduction reactions in the presence of strong and weak reducing agents and different capping agents revealed the importance of the kinetics of reduction in the production of monodispersed nanoparticles. Use of capping agents to give a positive reduction potential, resulted in the slow reduction rates that was critical for fine tuning of the final particle sizes between 1-10 nm. Hydrazine hydrate and oleylamine/ oleic acid systems were used as strong and weak reducing agents, respectively. By using weak reducing agent, monodisperse spherical silver nanoparticles with the diameter of 2.7 nm were produced. It was shown that particles with controlled diameter and size distribution can be obtained by tuning the system parameters. Secondly, particles produced as such were electrospun within the core of the polymer nanofibers and long continuous nanocables were produced. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polycaprolactone were used in shell part of nanocables. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) analyses were carried out in order to understand the mechanism by which the nanoparticles were reduced and for further characterization of the product.

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24

Liu, Kaiyi. "Characterization and Control of an Electrospinning Process." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1355239985.

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25

Qaqish, Walid P. "Electrospinning of L-Tyrosine Polyurethane Scaffolds for Gene Delivery." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1416997407.

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26

Dai, Xiaoshu. "Synthesis and Processing of Polymers for Biomedical Applications." Digital WPI, 2010. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/431.

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"In situ polymerizing hydrogel systems play an important role in many tissue engineering applications. They have proven to be useful in biomedical applications that require conversion of liquid macromer solution to tissue compliant hydrogel under physiological conditions. A series of poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(lactate) diacrylate macromers were synthesized with variable PEG molecular weight and lactate content. The macromer compositions were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and ion chromatography. These macromers were polymerized to form hydrogels by free radical polymerization using either redox or photochemical initiators. The current study focused on the optimization of polymerization conditions. Compressive modulus and residual acrylate analysis were used to evaluate polymerization efficiency. To characterize the network structure, the swelling ratio values were converted to the average molecular weight between crosslinks ( ) and mesh sizes (ξ) using Flory-Rehner theory. Current study suggested hydrophobic modification is desired to achieve high polymerization efficiency. Electrospinning is a developing technique to produce ultra fine fibrous structures from polymer solutions. Current research efforts have focused on understanding the effects of principal parameters such as molecular weight distribution (MWD) and polymer surfactant interactions on the morphology of the electrospun patterns. Fundamental understanding of the dilute solution rheology of the polydisperse polymer/solvent and polymer/solvent/surfactant systems was first established. Using viscometry, the on-set of entanglement concentrations could be obtained for various systems. Electrospinning was then carried out to evaluate the effects of polymer molecular weight, molecular weight distribution (MWD) and the polymer-surfactant interaction on the fiber formation and morphological features. The importance of increased chain entanglements due to high molecular weight component within the polydisperse system and the expansion of the coil dimension by binding the surfactant micelles have been recognized. The critical concentrations for incipient as well as stable fiber formation were determined. "

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27

Ahirwal, Deepak. "Large deformation shear and elongation rheology of polymers for electrospinning and other Industrial Processes." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065971.

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The goals of this thesis are the characterization of polymer melts using mainly non-linear shear and extensional rheological techniques. The fabrication of scaffolds with excellent physical and mechanical properties using solution electrospinning technology for tissue engineering applications and the development of melt electrospinning equipment to facilitate the fabrication of solvent free scaffolds. To achieve the first goal, we focused on the characterization of entangled polymer melts in the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic regimes. The influence of molecular weight, Mw, molecular weight distribution (MWD), long-chain branching (LCB) and addition of particles to the polymer matrix on polymer melt properties were investigated using shear and extensional rheological techniques. The resulting structure-property relationships were established using newly introduced mechanical parameters under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) flow.

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28

Arnoult, Olivier. "A NOVEL BENIGN SOLUTION FOR COLLAGEN PROCESSING." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1270491592.

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Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy)--Case Western Reserve University, 2010
Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Title from PDF (viewed on 2010-05-25) Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center

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29

Yao, Jian. "High strength and high modulus electrospun nanofibres." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9120.

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In the last two decades, a rapidly growing polymer processing technology, electrospinning, has attracted great interests as it provides a viable and simple method to create ultra-fine continuous fibres. Despite the potential utilization of electrospun nanofibres in many fields, their success is limited so far due to their poor mechanical properties compared to corresponding textile fibres made from the same polymers, which is mainly ascribed to the low degree of orientation and chain extension of the macromolecules along the fibre axis in such fibres. In this thesis, first an in-depth review of the mechanical properties of electrospun fibres and recent developed methodologies to generate high strength and high modulus nanofibres will be presented. In the experimental work, electrospinning of rigid polymer PPTA was attempted and mechanical properties of obtained fibres were evaluated (Chapter 3). It was shown that the electrospinning process cannot be easily operated in a controllable and continuous manner although some high performance fibres were obtained. Chapter 4 dealt with the electrospinning of reactive mesogens (liquid crystal monomers) by employing polymers (PMMA and PA6) as matrix. The mechanical properties of the resulting composite nanofibres (PA6/RM257) showed dependence on the reactive mesogen (RM257) content and the phase separation between PA6 and RM257. In Chapter 5, a high performance polymer BPDA/PDA/ODA was synthesized and electrospun; the nanofibres were characterized using FTIR and WAXD and their mechanical tests were carried out based on unidirectional mats and multifilament bundles. A Weibull modulus based model was introduced to estimate the tensile strength of single nanofibres in such bundles. Subsequently, composites based on BPO nanofibres in a rubbery thermoplastic matrix were fabricated and evaluated in Chapter 7 using composite mechanics theories for off-axis properties and „Rule of Mixture‟ which were used to back-calculate the Young‟s modulus of single BPO nanofibres. From this it could be concluded that the developed co-polyimide BPO nanofibres exhibit among the highest mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibres reported in literature so far. It can be concluded that the electrospun BPO co-polyimide nanofibres and p-aramid fibres possess among the highest mechanical properties reported for electrospun fibres so far.

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30

Givens, Steven Romel. "The effect of solvent properties on electrospun polymer fibers and applications in biomaterials." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 163 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597616611&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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31

Bshena, Osama E. S. "Synthesis of permanent non-leaching antimicrobial polymer nanofibers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20160.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial fibers are very useful in various fields such as air and water purification, wound dressings and protective bandages, where sterile environments are essential. The nonwoven nanofiber mats or membranes are able to filter out microorganisms and potentially kill several threatening pathogenic bacteria. In this thesis, a variety of styrene-maleimide copolymer derivatives were prepared based on the modification of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride with various primary amine compounds. All prepared copolymer derivatives were electrospun to nanofiber mats using the needle electrospinning technique. For the characterization, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to study the thermal properties of the electrospun fiber mats. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to observe fiber dimensions and morphology. The antibacterial activity of electrospun fiber mats was evaluated against different bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative). The evaluation study utilized different tools to test for antibacterial activity and mode of cell death, including bioluminescent imaging, fluorescence imaging and the viable cell counting method. Excellent antimicrobial activity was obtained against the different strains especially against Staphylococcus aureus. Fiber mats containing tertiary amino groups, phenol or quaternary ammonium groups had the strongest antimicrobial properties.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Antimikrobiese vesels is baie nuttig in verskeie toepassingsgebiede, soos lug- en watersuiwering, wondbedekkings en beskermende verbande, waar ‘n steriele omgewing noodsaaklik is. Die ongeweefde nanovesel matte of membrane is in staat om mikroorganismes te verwyder deur filtrasie, maar kan ook verskeie patogeniese bakterieë doodmaak. In hierdie proefskrif is ‘n verskeidenheid stireen-maleimied kopolimeer afgeleides gesintetiseer, gebaseer op die modifikasie van poli(stireen-ko-maleïne anhidried) met verskeie primêre amien verbindings. Nanovesel matte van al die gesintetiseerde kopolimeer afgeleides is gemaak deur gebruik te maak van die naald-elektrospin tegniek. Die termiese eienskappe van hierdie nanovesel matte is bestudeer deur gebruik te maak van differensiële skandeer kalorimetrie (DSK) en termogravitasie analiese (TGA) as karakteriseringsmetodes. Die vesel dimensies en morfologie is bestudeer deur skandeer elektronmikroskopie as karakteriseringsmetode te gebruik. Die antibakteriële aktiwiteit van die gespinde vesel matte is geëvalueer teen verskillende bakterieë, naamlik Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positief), Escherichia coli en Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negatief). Die evalueringstudie het verskillende instrumente gebruik om vir antibakteriële aktiwiteit en meganisme van seldood te toets, insluitend bioluminiserings beelding, fluoressensie beelding en die lewensvatbare sel tellingsmetode. Uitstekende antimikrobiese aktiwiteit is verkry teen die verskillende rasse, veral teen Staphylococcus aureus. Vesel matte met tersiêre aminogroepe, fenol of kwaternêre ammoniumgroepe het die sterkste antimikrobiese eienskappe gehad.

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32

Hu, Yupeng. "ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS FOR PROGRAMMABLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM SEQUENTIALLY TARGETING INFLAMMATION AND INFECTION." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1436835377.

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33

Baji, Avinash. "Development of High Toughness Bioactive Composites Using Electrospinning Techniques." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1222895930.

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34

Martrou, Guillaume. "Dynamique d'interfaces chargées et application aux matériaux fibreux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0296/document.

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Les interfaces entre deux fluides sont le siège de nombreuses instabilités de forme de l’interface si un champ électrique intense est appliqué : génération de gouttelettes, jets micrométriques, etc. Le contrôle de telles instabilités est indispensable pour une fabrication optimale de microsphères ou microfibres : taille, propriétés physico-chimiques, dispersion et structuration spatiale macroscopique d’un agrégat de tels objets. Cette diversité provient de la compétition entre la tension de surface et la gravité avec l’électrodynamique des fluides sous champ électrique induite par les charges électriques, les charges de polarisation, les décharges électriques et/ou le vent ionique. La thèse expérimentale s’articule autour de deux thèmes. Le premier, une compréhension intime des phénomènes spatio-temporels observables lorsqu’un injecteur métallique à la haute tension placé au-dessus d’un bain. Une instabilité originale menant à la formation d’une cloche fluide macroscopique connectant les deux électrodes a été mise en évidence et caractérisée non linéairement. La bifurcation est sous-critique et imparfaite. Le second thème propose une méthode originale de fabrication de microfibres modifiées en une étape par électrofilage au mouillé. Le polymère électrofilé choisi est le PSMA et celui permettant la modification, le PEGDA. Cette étude a été réalisée dans un contexte d’applications de type catalyse. Pour cela les fibres ont été fonctionnalisées à l’aide de la peroxydase (HRP) comme protéine modèle. Les résultats montrent notamment une meilleure stabilité temporelle avec la possibilité de réutilisation du matériau en comparaison à la catalyse utilisant des méthodes standards
Interfaces between two fluids can lead to various interfacial shape instabilities if an electrical field is applied. Leading, for instance, to micrometric droplets or jets formation. Controlling those instabilities is much-needed for an optimal fabrication of microspheres or microfibers : size, physicochemical properties, dispersion and macroscopic spatial structuring of aggregates of those kind of objects. This diversity is based in the competition between surface tension and gravity forces with gravity during the electrodynamics of fluids under electric field induced by electrical charges, polarization charges, electrical discharges and ionic wind. The experimental thesis deals with two main topics. The first one is a precise understanding of spatiotemporals phenomena occurring in a configuration made of a metallic injector raised to high voltage placed above a liquid bath. We present the formation of an original instability leading to a macroscopic bell-shaped link between both electrodes and its non linear characterization. The bifurcation is subcritical and imperfect. The second topic, based on the experience gained with the first one, is an original method of fabrication of microfibers modified in only one step by wet electrospinning. The chosen electrospun polymer is PSMA and the one used for modification is PEGDA. This study has been realized with a catalyze application context. To do so, fibers has been functionalized with peroxydase (HRP) as the model protein. The results especially show a better temporal stability and possible reuse compared to catalysis with standard methods

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35

Lolla, Dinesh. "FABRICATION, ATOMIC SCALE IMAGING, POLARIZATION OF POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE NANOFIBERS AND APPLICATIONS AS ELECTRETS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1469027639.

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36

Lalani, Reza. "Preparation and Biocompatibility of Electrospun Zwitterionic Poly(Sulfobetaine Methacrylate) for Wound Dressing Applications." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1366197780.

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37

Liu, Jing. "Carbon nanotube/polymer composites and novel micro- and nano-structured electrospun polymer materials." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22673.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.
Committee Chair: Kumar, Satish; Committee Member: Carr, Wallace; Committee Member: Graham, Samuel; Committee Member: Griffin, Anselm; Committee Member: Yao, Donggang.

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38

Guo, Qiongyu. "POSS-Based Biodegradable Polymers for Stent Applications: Electroprocessing, Characterization and Controlled Drug Release." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1259706279.

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Thesis(Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2010
Title from PDF (viewed on 2009-12-22) Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center

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39

Rockwood, Danielle N. "Characterization of electrospun polymer fibers for applications in cardiac tissue engineering and regenerative medicine." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 155 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459913201&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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40

McClellan, Phillip Eugene. "Electrospun PLLA Nanofiber Coating of Scaffolds for Applications in Bone Tissue Engineering." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1438340950.

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41

Moutsatsou, Panagiota. "Production and evaluation of electrospun polyaniline/biopolymer composite nanofibres for medical applications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25673.

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The aim of this study is the production of a nanofibrous electroactive mat and the investigation of its potential use in tissue engineering, and more specifically for wound dressing purposes. The limitations regarding electrospinnability of the conducting polymer will be identified and addressed and the factors related to its biological properties will be evaluated. To this end, conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANI) was chosen as the electroactive component and blend electrospinning was identified as the most suitable method to produce continuous nanofibres containing PANI. Various biocompatible polymers and solvent systems were investigated for their suitability to assist in electrospinning and PEO (polyethylene oxide) and CH (chitosan) were chosen as carrier polymers for blend electrospinning of PANI. Consequently, CSA (Camphor-10-sulfonic acid (β)) doped PANI/PEO and CSA doped PANI/CH conducting nanofibrous mats were produced by electrospinning. The electrospinning windows for both blends were determined by using full factorial experimental designs. The combined effects of the humidity, voltage and flow rate on the fibre morphology and diameter were examined for both blends, demonstrating that the ambient humidity is the critical factor affecting the electrospinning process and determining the electrospinning window for a conducting polymer. Low humidity favors the formation of defect free fibres while high humidity either hinders fibre formation or causes the formation of defects on the fibres. In the case of PANI/PEO blends, different levels of PANI doping were investigated, and high level of doping with CSA was found to lead to the formation of crystalline structures. Data fitting was used to explore the behavior of conducting polymers using the case of PANI/PEO electrospinning and very good agreement between experimental and theoretical predictions was obtained for only a limited range of experimental conditions, whereas deviation was observed for all other sets of conditions. In the case of PANI/CH, the effect of different ratios of conducting polymer in the blend (0:1, 1:3, 3:5 and 1:1) was examined, as for the electrospinnability, resulting 3 nanofibrous morphology, mat contact angle, electrical conductivity, antibacterial activity and cellular biocompatibility. The incorporation of PANI in the electrospinning blend, affected the electrospinnability of the solution, making it more susceptible to RH deviations, and contributed to the decrease of nanofibre diameter. Higher PANI content was found to result in more hydrophobic and more conducting mats. The method that was used to stabilize the PANI/CH mats was also found to affect antibacterial activity and conductivity. The produced blend mats, exhibited antibacterial activity which was higher against Gram positive B. subtilis and lower against gram negative E. coli. The cellular biocompatibility was assessed with human osteoblasts and fibroblasts, in terms of cell proliferation rate as well as cell attachment and morphology. Cells of both cell lines adhered well and showed good growth rates on nanofibrous substrates of all blend ratios when compared to standard tissue culture plastic. Finally, amongst the PANI containing mats, the one of 1:3 PANI:CH ratio, was identified as the best to support osteoblast and fibroblast cell proliferation when compared to the pure chitosan.

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42

Druesedow, Charles Joseph. "Pressure Control System for the Electrospinning Process: Non-invasive Fluid Level Detection Using Infrared and Ultrasonic Sensors." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1217275502.

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43

Kampeerapappun, Piyaporn. "The Design, Characteristics, and Application of Polyurethane Dressings using the Electrospinning Process." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1207243006.

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44

Borges, Thiago FCC. "MULTIFUNCTIONAL SCAFFOLDS FOR DRUG-DELIVERY THERAPIES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1449014240.

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45

Jose, Moncy V. "Multi-component nanofibrous scaffolds with tunable properties for bone tissue engineering." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/jose.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed Sept. 2, 2009). Additional advisors: Uday Vaidya, Burton Patterson, Susan Bellis, Mark Weaver, Vinoy Thomas. Includes bibliographical references.

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46

Kincer, Matthew Ryan. "Polymeric templating and alignment of fullerenes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42879.

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Fullerene research has advanced to elevated levels in a short period of time due to the unique chemical and physical properties of the caged molecule that have been utilized in numerous applications. Due to the spherical shape of the fullerene molecule which allows for a hollow cavity, encapsulation of atoms or small molecules can occur within the ball structure. This encapsulation creates an endohedral component that is limited from interacting with other molecules which creates potential of control over electronic information of the isolated molecule. Endohedral fullerenes have the potential as serving as the base unit in a quantum computer if control over global alignment is attained. Thus, by using the inherent self-assembling capabilities of some organic materials, ordered endohedral fullerenes can be achieved. This dissertation investigates the ability to use self-assembling strategies to obtain alignment which include ordering within a morphologically controlled copolymer matrix, forming a supramolecular polymer complex with cyclodextrin, and encapsulation within the helical wrap of polymer chains. The ultimate goal is to understand the dynamics that control association and orientation of varying fullerene-based molecules in each strategy in order to maximize control over the final alignment of endohedral elements.

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47

Brown, Rebecca Huyck. "Effects of Functionality and Charge in the Design of Acrylic Polymers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28908.

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Use of a mixed triisobutylaluminum/1,1-diphenylhexyllithium intiator enabled the anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate at room temperature, resulting in narrow molecular weight distributions and syndiorich structures. Polymerizations were controlled above Al:Li = 2, and control significantly decreased at elevated temperatures above 25 °C. A significant increase in Tg with increasing control of syndiotacticity demonstrated the ability to tailor polymer properties using this technique. Analysis with MALDI-TOF/TOF spectroscopy revealed the dominance of a back-biting side reaction at elevated temperatures. Hydroxy-functional random and block copolymers of n-butyl acrylate (nBA) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate were synthesized using nitroxide mediated polymerization. Controlled polymerization was demonstrated, resulting in narrow polydispersities and linear molecular weight vs. conversion plots. In situ FTIR spectroscopy monitored the polymerizations and revealed pseudo first order rate kinetics for random copolymerizations. Protection of the hydroxyl using trimethylsilyl chloride alleviated isolation issues of amphiphilic polymer products. For the first time zwitterion-containing copolymers were electrospun to form nanoscale fibers with diameters as low as 100 nm. Free radical copolymerization of nBA and sulfobetaine methacrylamide produced zwitterionic copolymers with 6-13 mol % betaine. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a rubbery plateau and biphasic morphology similar to ionomers. Electrospinning from chloroform/ethanol solutions (80/20 v/v) at 2-7 wt % afforded polymeric fibers at viscosities below 0.02 Pa™s, which is the lowest viscosity observed for fiber formation in our laboratories. We hypothesized that intermolecular interactions rather than chain entanglements dominated the electrospinning process. Solution rheology of zwitterionic copolymers containing 6 and 9 mol % sulfobetaine methacrylate functionality revealed two concentration regimes with a boundary at ~1.5 – 2.0 wt %, regardless of molecular weight. This transition occurred at an order of magnitude lower specific viscosity than the entanglement concentration (Ce) for poly(nBA), and correlated to the onset of fiber formation in electrospinning. Comparison to existing models for polymer solution dynamics showed closest agreement to Rubinstein's theory for associating polymers, in support of our hypothesis that zwitterionic interactions dominate solution dynamics. The effect of ionic liquid (IL) uptake on mechanical properties and morphology of zwitterionic copolymers was explored using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate (EMIm ES). Dynamic mechanical analysis and impedance spectroscopy revealed a significant change in properties above a critical uptake of ~10 wt % IL. X-ray scattering revealed a significant swelling of the ionic domains at 15 wt % IL, with a 0.3 nm-1 shift in the ionomer peak to lower scattering vector. Results indicated the water-miscible IL preferentially swelled ionic domains of zwitterionic copolymers.
Ph. D.

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48

Smith, Meghan Elisabeth. "Biologically Functional Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery, Produced through Electrostatic Processing." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1251224066.

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Thesis(Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2010
Title from PDF (viewed on 2009-12-30) Department of Chemical Engineering Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center

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49

Shah, Parth Nimish. "Biocompatibility Analysis and Biomedical Device Development Using Novel L-Tyrosine Based Polymers." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1238781002.

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50

Navaporn, Kaerkitcha. "Materials design and processing development of electrospun nanofibers for energy conversion systems." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232391.

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