Дисертації з теми "Polymères biosourcés – Propriétés électriques"
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Lecoublet, Morgan. "Ρrοpriétés Diélectriques des Μatériaux Biοsοurcés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR027.
Повний текст джерелаIn a context of sustainable development and public awareness of environmental issues, biobased polymers represent a promising niche in the industrial sector, with a strong growth potential. This is a favorable context for the development of new biobased and/or biodegradable structures suitable for a wide range of dielectric applications, but many limitations still exist to fully benefit from the dielectric performance of biobased polymers. This thesis is part of a broader effort to promote the use of biobased materials in the dielectric field, proposing an advanced study of the multiphysical properties, particularly dielectric properties, of biobased polymers to identify applications in dielectric fields suitable for such materials. In the first phase of the thesis, an advanced literature review identified three biobased polymers with high potential for the dielectric field, i.e. polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) and cellulose acetate (CA). Their dielectric performance were comparable to conventional synthetic polymers used in electrical insulation, such as polyethylene, polypropylene and epoxy resin. In addition, the literature review also identified three potential strategies to encourage the use of bio-based polymers in electrical insulation, i.e. the development of polymer blends, the creation of bio(nano)composites based on cellulosic fillers, and the use of new processing techniques such as 3D printing. The second phase of the thesis proposes the creation of polymer blends and 3D printing to obtain 3D-printed PLA-based materials for application in electrical insulation. Preliminary results showed that PLA : CA blends were the most promising for the continuation of the project and were therefore chosen for the 3D printing step. The addition of CA improved the mechanical stability of PLA in a rubbery state, but also slightly reduced their electrical insulation capacity. An optimization step using a Taguchi design resulted in 3D-printed polymer blends samples with mechanical rigidity and electrical insulation capacity comparable to low-density polyethylene. The final phase of the thesis proposes to combine the use of cellulose-based bio(nano)composites and 3D printing to obtain PLA-based materials for application in electrical insulation. Two different fillers were used and compared: cellulose microcrystals (MCC) and cellulose nanocrystals (NCC). The results showed that the addition of cellulose fillers improved the mechanical rigidity of the materials, but also slightly reduced their electrical insulation capacity. A factorial design optimization step produced cellulose-reinforced biocomposites with superior mechanical properties to polypropylene, while offering comparable electrical insulation properties. This thesis therefore proposes biobased and even compostable alternatives to polyethylene and polypropylene in the electrical insulation field, through the combined use of different strategies easily applicable on an industrial scale, in line with a sustainable development approach
Hegde, Vikas. "Etudes diélectriques des matériaux biodégradables et/ou bio-sourcés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT031/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe declining resources of fossil fuels, increase in wide-spread pollution, emission of green-house gases and difficulties in recycling waste materials are pushing biodegradable polymers into prominence. In the domain of electrical engineering, many polymers find applications in various electrical insulation systems. These polymers are petro-based, not eco-friendly and most of them are not biodegradable. With an objective to replace conventional products, biodegradable polymers are explored for their dielectric properties.In this work, a detailed study on the present status in the research work on biodegradable polymers in the electrical engineering domain is presented. Thermal and electrical properties of both biodegradable and classical polymers are compiled and compared.The polymers processed and studied were Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Polycaprolactone (PCL), Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA based nanocomposite. Dielectric properties for a wide range of temperature and frequency were measured by dielectric spectroscopy and analyzed with the help of DSC and DMA experiments. Volume resistivity and electrical breakdown were measured on few polymers. These biodegradable polyesters were compared with conventional polymers
Hammami, Saber. "Propriétés physiques et électriques de polymères électroactifs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT033/document.
Повний текст джерелаElectroactive polymers known as dielectric elastomers have shown considerable promise for transducers. They are attractive for a wide range of innovative applications including softs robots, adaptive optics, haptic interface or biomedical actuation thanks to their high energy density and good efficiency. For the functioning of all these application, the electroactive polymer is subjected to high electrical field. Nevertheless, the performances of these transducers are affected by the losses and especially the ones induced by the leakage current.Mechanical pre-stretch is an effective method to improve actuation when a voltage is applied to the device made up of a dielectric elastomer sandwiched between two compliant electrodes. The overall performances of the structure (electromechanical conversion, efficiency, strain induced…) depend strongly on the electric and mechanical properties of the elastomer. Regarding electric characteristics, dielectric permittivity, dissipation factor and electric breakdown field have been deeply investigated according to various parameters such as frequency, temperature, pre-stretch, or nature of the electrodes but complete analysis of the leakage current is missing in the scientific literature.Thus, this work reports an extensive investigation on the stability of the current-time characteristics in dielectric elastomer. Particularly, we focus on the influence of the nature of the electrodes and pre-stress applied to the transducer. In order to evaluate the influence of the time duration on the behavior of the leakage current, short and long-term electrical stress times was applied during short times and up to 15 hours.Leakage current in electroactive polymers were discussed for a commercial polyacrylate (VHB4910 from 3M) currently used for soft transducers applications. This current is investigated as a function of external factors (stretching, temperature, type of material for electrodes)In order to evaluate the limitations in term of voltage and in the goal to increase the lifetime of these transducers, the second part of our study is focused on the dielectric strength of silicone rubbers for various types of electrodes (gold, Aluminum, graphene nanoplatelets, graphene : GnP). The effect of self-healing is particularly studied and a selection of electrodes for soft transducers based on dielectric elastomers is proposed
Hammami, Nadia. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques de polymères biosourcés à base d'isosorbide." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS127.
Повний текст джерелаThis research work aims to valorise isosorbide (IS) for biobased polymeric materials using original methods. After a short introduction of this molecule, we presented the different synthesis pathways and application fields of chemical and polymers already developed in scientific community. These compounds are classically obtained through many functionalization/synthesis steps with processes far away from green chemistry. Our first strategy based on the development of polyacetals derived from isosorbide (PAIS) was explained. A reaction scheme involving isosorbide with methylene halogenate in a non-toxic solvent (DMSO) was retained. The influence of different experimental parameters (stirring mode, reaction period and stoichiometry) was carefully analysed. Best results were achieved with high-speed mechanical stirring (more homogenous reactive solution, quantitative yield). The highest isosorbide concentrations led to the exclusive production of linear polyacetals (L-PAIS) whereas a low concentration under magnetic stirring conditions induced the formation of cyclic oligomers. Other macro-cycles (C-PAIS) with high molar weight were also produced. These different kinds of PAIS were characterised by various techniques (NMR, MALDI-TOF FTIR, SEC). Their physicochemical performances were also studied (TGA, DSC, rheology…) The length increase of polymer L-PAIS chains being challenged by cyclisation, we also explored lactide use (L- and racemic) as chain extender first by the reaction with IS then with L-PAIS. The La organometallic catalysis was more efficient than enzymatic pathway (PS lipase). Both chemical and physical analyses carried out with four polymeric grades derived from IS et lactide showed the added value of isosorbide molecule. Precise and reliable "structure-properties" relations including durability study were also led. Finally, similar approach could be applied for producing linear copolymers (PLLA-b-PAIS-b-PLLA and PRLA-b-PAIS-b-PRLA)
Probst, Nicolaus. "Etude des propriétés électriques et diélectriques des composites polymères - noirs de carbone : parallélisme entre propriétés électriques et mécaniques." Mulhouse, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MULH0180.
Повний текст джерелаDufourg, Marie-Béatrice. "Caracterisation électriques des interfaces polymère/métal dans les diodes électroluminescentes organiques." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12631.
Повний текст джерелаSavourat, Pauline. "Structure et propriétés de polusaccharides et copolymères biosourcés obtenus par synthèse enzymatique." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4107.
Повний текст джерелаDue to their limited carbon footprint, polysaccharide-based materials are attractive alternatives to fossil carbon based polymers. These macromolecules, which are generally biodegradable, biocompatible and highly hydrophilic . present mechanical properties that are still insufficient for applications in the field of structural materials or most non-food uses. However, their natural sensitivity to water and their biocompatibility can be used in applications with high added value, for example stimulable materials or materials for biomedical use. The project aims to produce diblock copolymers only consists of polysaccharides by combining glycoenzymology and protein engineering. The objective is to obtain new properties by associating the intrinsic properties of the building blocks. Therefore, much of this work has focused to determine and understand the relationships between the structure and the properties of a large panel of synthetic alpha-glucans, including the role of the type and/or the rate of osidic linkages in the main chain or in branching. This approach has made it possible to target the constituent blocks of original copolymers. A wide range of techniques has been used to characterize the structure, the behaviour of molecules in solution and the materials formed. Thus, this work is the subject of major advances in the understanding of the structure / conformation I properties relations of polysaccharides
Hadid, Mohammed Abderahmane. "Conception d'un dispositif de mesure des charges injectées dans les polymères sous champ alternatif divergent : application au vieillissement électrique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30249.
Повний текст джерелаVella, Nathalie. "Étude de la nature et de l'origine des charges d'espace, dans les polymères soumis à de forts champs électriques." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT094H.
Повний текст джерелаBardon, Geneviève. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouvelles polyphénylquinoxalines." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10083.
Повний текст джерелаVillers, Serge. "Propriétés hyperfréquences de quelques polymères électroactifs : application à l'étude d'un absorbant microondes." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10131.
Повний текст джерелаRetho, Patrice. "Propriétés physiques de nanofils de polymères conducteurs préparés par la méthode template." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454025.
Повний текст джерелаDo, Isabelle. "Nanocomposites nanotubes de carbone/élastomère : Propriétés rhéologiques et électriques." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3005.
Повний текст джерелаSince carbon nanotubes (CNT) tend to remain as entangled agglomerates, homogeneous dispersed states within a polymer is not easily obtained, which reduces the interest of nanotubes as reinforcements. Many of the solutions proposed to address this issue rely on the modification of the interface between carbon nanotubes and the polymer matrix. The aim of the study is to establish the relationship between the nature of the CNT/polymethylacrylate (PMA) interface and the spatial organization of the CNTs in the matrix, on the one hand, and rheological and electrical properties of the nanocomposites, on the other hand. The interface is controlled by using polyacrylic acid (PAA), either by grafting it on the nanotubes surface, or by using it as a surfactant. The study of the morphology of the composites by electronic microscopy showed the importance of distinguishing the distribution of CNTs in the matrix (i. E. The repartition of the nanotubes clusters in the whole sample), from their dispersion (i. E. Their individualization within the clusters). This distinction is central as it allows explaining the physical properties of the nanocomposites. The studies of the linear viscoelastic and electrical properties of the composites highlighted the existence of percolation phenomena. We also showed that the electrical properties of the composites are sensitive to the CNTs dispersion, whereas the rheological ones are sensitive to the quality of distribution. The use of PAA, either grafted or adsorbed on nanotubes, allows an increase in electrical conductivity as well as a better dispersion of the nanotubes, thus lowering the electrical percolation thresholds
Meraoumia, Thaleb. "Contribution à l'étude des polymères chargés conducteurs : relations entre mésostructure et propriétés électriques." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10641.
Повний текст джерелаPrévot, Jean-Louis. "Relation entre propriétés électriques et adhésives des interfaces polyoléfine-métal." Mulhouse, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MULH0099.
Повний текст джерелаHadj, kacem Yosra. "Synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés des oligoesters et composites sulfonés biosourcés." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI044/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe research conducted in this thesis was achieved in the context of vegetal biomass valorization. It aims to develop a new family of aliphatic oligoesters from biobased monomers and incorporating into their structure sulfonated groups. This choice is justified by the following three considerations. (i) This is a contribution to the valorization of vegetal biomass. (ii) The presence of sulfonated units in the structure of this type of polymers gives them specific physicochemical properties favoring their use in various industrial sectors. (iii) These oligoesters can be subsequently used for the preparation of poly (ester-urethane) networks and ionic liquid-based composites with potentially interesting thermomechanical properties and a great tendency towards hydrolytic degradation
Chouiki, Mustapha. "Élaboration par voie aqueuse de mélanges à base de polymères conjugués : propriétés électriques et optiques." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10063.
Повний текст джерелаHindermann-Bischoff, Manuela. "Etude des propriétés électriques de composites matrice organique - noir de carbone." Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0560.
Повний текст джерелаMagliozzi, Fiona. "Synthèse de polyhydroxyuréthanes biosourcés par extrusion réactive : élaboration de matériaux aux propriétés originales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0290.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis work deals with the application of reactive extrusion to the bulk synthesis of polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs). On the one hand, thermoplastic PHUs have been synthesized from three biobased 5-membered biscyclic carbonates, two of them being ester- or ether- chemically ‘activated’. The complete conversion of reactive functions has been reached in most cases, in relatively short reaction times (few hours), despite very cohesive systems, specifically in the case of one biscyclic carbonate bearing amide moieties. On the other hand, thermosets PHUs with shape memory capacity and reprocessability have been synthesized through this process. Simultaneously, a study was performed on model reactions in order to determine the experimental conditions that limit urea formation during the aminolysis of biscyclic carbonates. Finally, a purification protocol was developed in order to separate the two enantiomers of DGDC biscyclic carbonate. The polymerization of these two separated enantiomers with diamines demonstrated that the stereochemistry of biscyclic carbonate monomers plays a crucial role in the final polymer size and properties
Lee, Chih-Wen. "Étude des propriétés optiques et électriques des nanocomposites polymères pour les diodes électroluminescentes organiques." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2019.
Повний текст джерелаHybrid nanocomposites have been investigated in this research work in order to examine the possibility to enhance the performance of organic devices in stability and in efficiency and to understand the physical processes induced by the inorganic part in the polymer matrix. The first realization was carried out with composites made of phenylenevinylene (PPV) derivatives and CdSe(ZnS) core/ shell nanocrystals. It was demonstrated that the brightness and yield of devices using the nanocomposites were strongly increased as compared to those obtained in devices using the polymer alone. Next, the role of the nanocrystals was studied by performing the measurements of trap states introduced in composite films. To easily compare the results with those reported in the literature, the polymer used here was poly[2-methoxy-5(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene](MEH-PPV) and the studied composite was (MEH-PPV+ CdSe(ZnS)). It was found that the enhancement of the performance of devices using the composites is in part, associated to the decrease in the trap density of the polymer. Finally, investigations of trap formation in composites were extended to polymer systems composed of 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-(1,3,4-oxadiazole) (PBD) and poly (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and containing phosphorescent-metal complex. It was demonstrated that incorporation of complex caused the suppression of existing defects in the polymer blend and introduced new traps. In all systems investigated, the devices using nanocomposites showed significant improvement of their electroluminescent performance. The doping seems to affect the transport process by reducing the trap density of the polymer
Esnouf, Stéphane. "Etude des propriétés électriques et magnétiques de polymères conducteurs confinés dans une matrice isolante." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0009.
Повний текст джерелаLouis, Christel. "Mélanges de polysulfones avec un élastomère acrylate : caractérisation morphologique et thermo-mécanique." Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0002.
Повний текст джерелаChailan, Jean-François. "Contribution des spectrométries mécanique et diélectrique à l'étude du vieillissement d'élastomères en ambiance nucléaire." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10236.
Повний текст джерелаHaas, Vincent. "Caractérisation 3D des charges électriques dans les isolants polymères minces par imagerie thermoacoustique." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30169.
Повний текст джерелаAntar, Zied. "Éco-composites polymères conducteurs (CPC) pour la production d'énergie renouvelable." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS283.
Повний текст джерелаOwing to the finite supply of fossil fuels and the negative public opinion surrounding nuclear energy, alternative energy resources are the subject of considerable research on a global scale. The aim of this work is to develop a Conductive Polymer Composite for energy harvesting and storage. The first part of this work was dedicated to the development of solar absorber. In fact, CPCs were prepared by melt processing where conductive fillers (graphite and/or carbon nanotubes) were dispersed in an insulate polymer matrix (PLA and PA12). Indeed, thermo-optical properties were measured and the durability of the CPC was checked by controlling the evolution of their mechanical properties during a weathering test. In a second step, CPC with good thermoelectric power were prepared using two routes: melt blending process and solution in-situ polymerization. Various formulations have been tried and some rather interesting results were obtained by recording encouraging values of figure of merit ZT
Canet, Pierre. "Mise en évidence et analyse des phénomènes d'électroluminescence dans des matériaux polymères pour l'électrotechnique et l'électronique. Corrélation avec les mécanismes de conduction électrique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30137.
Повний текст джерелаPanwiriyarat, Wannarat. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés d'un polyuréthane biosourcé obtenu du caoutchouc naturel et du poly(ε-caprolactone)". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795875.
Повний текст джерелаPranaitis, Mindaugas. "Etudes de transport de charges, piégeage et non linéarités optiques dans des polymères prometteurs pour des applications en optoélectronique." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993889.
Повний текст джерелаSalvat, Stéphanie. "Propriétés électriques non linéaires de matériaux composites à matrices polymères chargées avec de l'Oxyde de Zinc." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12587.
Повний текст джерелаLacroix, Renaud. "Modifications chimiques des noirs de carbone : Propriétes électriques et diélectriques des mélanges polymère-noirs modifiés." Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0259.
Повний текст джерелаAlibert, Adrien. "Optimisation de la rigidité et de la ténacité de systèmes polymères complexes à base d’amidon plastifié et de polyoléfines." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10178.
Повний текст джерелаStarch-based polymer blends were melt-compounded by extrusion aiming at combining high impact strength (> 20 kJ/m²) and reasonably high Young modulus (> 1000 MPa). At first, an elastomer, a polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS), was associated with a starch-grafted polypropylene, the SEBS content increase in the mixture allowing a significant increase in elongation at break and impact strength (by a factor 7 and 2,5 respectively) at the expense of Young’s modulus (divided by 2). Then, a co-continuous structure between a plasticized starch/SEBS grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBSgMA) mixture and a polypropylene (PP) was developed to stabilize the blend and to promote the compatibility between the phases. The blend having optimized mechanical properties (values however still 33% lower than the targets) is made of 35% of plasticized starch, 15% of SEBSgMA and 50% of PP. Thereafter, in order to increase the biobased content and to improve mechanical properties, blends between plasticized starch, SEBS and polyolefins grafted maleic anhydride were developed. The best compromise was identified for an oil-based formulation including as polyolefin a copolymer PE/PP grafted with maleic anhydride, complemented by a polypropylene; in that case the biobased rate reaches 50%
Guilland, Jean-François. "Etude d'un réacteur électrochimique à électrode poreuse percolée par un écoulement pulsé, appliquée à la polymérisation du dibenzo-18-couronne-6." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT033G.
Повний текст джерелаTurbiez, Mathieu. "Nouveaux systèmes conjugués linéaires intégrant des motifs 3,4-éthylènedioxythiophènes (EDOT) : synthèse et étude des propriétés électroniques." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0012.
Повний текст джерелаThis work concerns the development and the study of the properties of new linear conjugated systems (LCS) built with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes (EDOT) moieties. The synthesis of oligomers varying by their length, the number and the position of the EDOT units in the conjugated chain is described. The analysis of the optical and electrochemical properties clearly shows a marked influence of the EDOT unit on the structure of oligomers. The donor effect of the ethylenedioxy group increases the level of the HOMO and contributes to locate the positive charge on the EDOT moieties. A rigidification of the molecules, by intramolecular interactions between oxygen atoms of ethylenedioxy group and the sulphur atoms of an adjacent thiophene cycle, is observed. The last part proposes two alternatives for replacing the EDOT core, its sulphur analogue, EDST, and the3,6-dimethoxy-thienothiophene, which constitute interesting ways to obtain low gap polymers more soluble than the PEDOT
El, Ourzaz Lahcen. "Mesures diélectriques et caractérisation de matériaux moléculaires." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10064.
Повний текст джерелаDroval, Guillaume. "Élaboration et caractérisation de composites polymères conducteurs électrique et thermique." Lorient, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LORIS068.
Повний текст джерелаFocusing on further application in the field of ohmic heating, the aim of this work is to improve the thermal conductivity of heating systems (based on biphasic conductive polymer composites (CPC) – immiscible blend) without significantly altering electrical properties to ensure that the temperature gradient within the material decreases since that could, in a long run, damage the system. The applied approach allowed to study and control in an independent way the thermo-physical properties of each phase: an electrically conductive phase (high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix with carbon black (CB) fillers) and a thermally conductive phase (syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) matrix filled with various thermal micro particles such as aluminium oxide (Al2O3), aluminium nitride (AlN), talc or even boron nitride (BN) among others). The novel feature obtained from this study is the synergy of the electrical and thermal properties of the two phases. These new formulas maintain a self regulating capability (increase of the electrical resistivity as the temperature rises (Positive Temperature Coefficient – PTC effect) and double the heat dissipation. Finally, the thermo-electrical behaviour of optimized CPC in working process has been studied through experimental data and simulation models on benchmarks of pilot tests. These results are fully satisfying in the purpose of developing and designing these materials as self regulating heating elements
Renaut, Nicolas. "Amélioration des propriétés thermomécaniques et ignifuges du polypropylène : applications aux matériels électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10137.
Повний текст джерелаOur study deals with the processes used in order to improve the thermomechanical and fire retardant (FR) properties of polypropylene (PP) materials used in electrical equipments. The fIfst chapter concerns the improvement of the thermomechanical properties trough the development of polymer alloys. Bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) is used as modifying polymer in the PP matrix. To improve the compatibilization of the polymer blends, two compatibilizing agents (AC) have been evaluated but the obtained properties are not sufficient and thus improvement of the properties was thus achieved using inorganic fillers. The second chapter is about the processes for imparting flame retardancy to PP materials reinforced by mineraI fillers (mica, talc or calcium carbonate). Two types of FR additives are tested: a phosphorous compound (APP: ammonium polyphosphate) used in intumescent systems and various brominated compounds. ln the case of the composite materials containing calcium carbonate, interactions between APP and fillers are evidenced and restrict the development of the protective thermally insulating structure (char) resulting in low FR properties whereas formulations with brominated compound present acceptable properties. However Br compounds present sorne environmental concerns. As a consequence, the last chapter deals with the processes that allow imparting flame retardancy to the PP composites surface. Before applying a FR protective paint, the materials are treated by low pressure radiofrequency cold plasma (O2, Ar, pure or mixture of them). By means of a global analysis of the topography, the surface chemical composition evolution and wettability, we propose sorne rearrangement mechanisms occurring at the PP matrix surface. We demonstrate that these mechanisms influence the adhesive properties of the treated materials and differ for each material as a function of the composition and nature of the fillers
Capsal, Jean-Fabien. "Elaboration et analyse des propriétés physiques de nanocomposites hybrides ferroélectriques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/835/.
Повний текст джерелаThe piezoelectric activity of a hybrid ferroelectric nanocomposite, i. E. Polyamide 11/ Barium Titanate (BT), has been investigated for different loadings of BT particles. The BT volume fraction (phi) was ranging from 0. 024 to 0. 4 with a particle size of 50 nm, 100 nm, 300 nm and 700 nm. The influence of polarization mode on the piezoelectric behaviour has been studied. The magnitude of the poling field used in this study is in the same order of magnitude of the one used for bulk BT i. E. Significantly lower than for piezoelectric polymers. The optimum piezoelectric coefficient is reached when the amorphous phase of the polymeric matrix is in the liquid state i. E. ; for a polarization temperature higher than the glass transition and for time constant allowing macromolecular mobility. The composite piezoelectric activity decreases for particles size lower than 300 nm due to the loss of the tetragonal phase. The nanotexture of these particles has been investigated by TEM and HRTEM. A core shell structure has been observed. An increase of the longitudinal piezoelectric strain coefficient d33 with the raising of BT volume fraction was shown. Contrary to inorganic piezoelectric ceramics, the dielectric permittivity of hybrid composites remains moderate although the piezoelectric voltage coefficient of composites is bigger than ceramics
Massengo, Joe͏̈l. "Effets des rayonnements [gamma] sur les propriétés de transport électrique dans les polymères électroactifs implantés." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0026.
Повний текст джерелаPérié, Thomas. "Dispersion de nanotubes de carbone dans les polymères : de la nanostructuration aux composites hautes performances." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00634552.
Повний текст джерелаToumi, Jihene. "Développement de systèmes polymères fonctionnels et caractérisation de leur résistivité électrique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25504.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, the use of composites increases with the progress of research. From this context, this work has been prepared for the master project. The project objectives are addressing two issues that affect the determination and the improvement of the electrical resistivity of polymer blends. The first part focuses on the features of the fluorescence in the field of polymers. The carbon black is acting as quencher; it causes the decrease of the fluorescence intensity of the anthracene to turn it off completely for a percentage of 1% in the films and 4x10-3 mol/L of chloroform solution. The second part studies the effect of a thermoplastic elastomer, on the electrical resistivity of the composite polyvinylidene fluoride /polyethylene terephthalate/ carbon black/graphite. It was observed that the electrical resistivity of the blends decreases with increasing carbon black concentration and the addition of 5% and 7.5% of the elastomer.
Qaiss, Abouelkacem. "Mise en oeuvre des films polymères cellulaires piézoélectriques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27613/27613.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBaziard, Yves. "Synthèse sous micro-ondes et caractérisation physico-chimique de matériaux composites à matrice polymère thermodurcissable et à renfort métallique finement divisé." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT002G.
Повний текст джерелаMary-Tomic, Dominique. "Mise en évidence et étude de la luminescence des polymères isolants sous champ électrique ou en interaction avec un plasma froid : application au diagnostic." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30241.
Повний текст джерелаRopa, Patrick. "Contribution à l'amélioration des techniques de caractérisation diélectrique de films minces." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20189.
Повний текст джерелаRenaut, Nicolas. "Amélioration des propriétés thermomécaniques et ignifuges du polypropylène : applications aux matériels électriques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10137/document.
Повний текст джерелаOur study deals with the processes used in order to improve the thermomechanical and fire retardant (FR) properties of polypropylene (PP) materials used in electrical equipments. The fIfst chapter concerns the improvement of the thermomechanical properties trough the development of polymer alloys. Bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) is used as modifying polymer in the PP matrix. To improve the compatibilization of the polymer blends, two compatibilizing agents (AC) have been evaluated but the obtained properties are not sufficient and thus improvement of the properties was thus achieved using inorganic fillers. The second chapter is about the processes for imparting flame retardancy to PP materials reinforced by mineraI fillers (mica, talc or calcium carbonate). Two types of FR additives are tested: a phosphorous compound (APP: ammonium polyphosphate) used in intumescent systems and various brominated compounds. ln the case of the composite materials containing calcium carbonate, interactions between APP and fillers are evidenced and restrict the development of the protective thermally insulating structure (char) resulting in low FR properties whereas formulations with brominated compound present acceptable properties. However Br compounds present sorne environmental concerns. As a consequence, the last chapter deals with the processes that allow imparting flame retardancy to the PP composites surface. Before applying a FR protective paint, the materials are treated by low pressure radiofrequency cold plasma (O2, Ar, pure or mixture of them). By means of a global analysis of the topography, the surface chemical composition evolution and wettability, we propose sorne rearrangement mechanisms occurring at the PP matrix surface. We demonstrate that these mechanisms influence the adhesive properties of the treated materials and differ for each material as a function of the composition and nature of the fillers
Akinnifesi, Josiah. "Synthèse par décharge luminescente radio-fréquence de matériaux composites métal-polymère. Etude des propriétés de transport électrique et diélectrique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30149.
Повний текст джерелаPacaud, Rémi. "Étude et modélisation numérique de l’effet des radiations spatiales sur l’évolution des propriétés physiques et électriques des matériaux embarqués." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0039/document.
Повний текст джерелаI have to establish a 1D numerical model that enables to better understand the physical mechanisms that steer charge transport in dielectric materials such as Kapton or Teflon under high fluxes and high energy electron beams. This model is implemented in Java under the Eclipse environment. Then, numerical results will be compared to experimental results in order to verify whether the 1D model is functional or not. In the near future, this phd will allow to better understand charge transport in satellite embedded polymers. We will then be able to understand the origin of electric discharges that occur on satellite solar panels used in geostationary orbit
Dellière, Pierre. "Résines furaniques modulables et durables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ4106.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral project was conducted within the ANR FUTURES (FUranic TUnable REsins for Sustainable materials) project.Poly(furfuryl alcohol) is a bio-based thermoset with excellent chemical and thermal properties. Yet, it may mechanically behave in a brittle manner. The aim of the project was to pave the way for new applications of poly(furfuryl alcohol) by exploiting side reactions occurring during polymerization. This leads to additional functionalities that could be exploited to, among others, reduce the brittleness of the material.First, the reactive carbonyl resulting from the furan ring opening side reaction were quantified by potentiometry and quantitative NMR. The key factors that were influencing the carbonyl content were assessed and water proved to be the main one. The chemical nature of the carbonyls was thoroughly investigated by 2D NMR and a new surface crosslinking phenomenon was identified and explained. The impact of this surface crosslinking on the materials' properties was evaluated. Finally, the presence of carbonyls due to the ring-opening side reaction was exploited to functionalize the polymer. The use of large flexible amines allowed to shift the materials properties from brittle to ductile therefore paving to way to new applications for poly(furfuryl alcohol). Finally, factors governing the properties of the amine-functionalized materials were studied
Messaoudi, Rabah. "Paramètres influençant l'efficacité de la décharge du type couronne dans le traitement de surface des polymères. Rôle de l'humidité." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30195.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Qin. "Amélioration des propriétés de conversion électromécanique dans les polymères électrostrictifs." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0022.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis is devoted to electroactive materials, which are developed and designed to make conversion between the electricity and the mechanical form. With newer emerging electromechanical transduction technologies, electroactive polymers (EAP) have gained a considerable attention. The polymers are competitive in many applications such as actuators, sensors, robotic system and biological mimics since they are cheap, light, easy to process, and they present large electric field-induced strains. However, these materials suffer from the low permittivity and high voltage requirement to drive the actuations. The research undertaken for the thesis intends then to provide different methods in order to enhance the polymer permittivity and consequently the electromechanical activities at moderate electric fields. The different approaches consist on the development of new materials by polymer blend method or by using new kind of polymer, and on the incorporation of special nano-fillers in the polymer matrix. A blend of polyurethane (PU) and poly [ethylene-co-(methyl acrylate)-co-(glycidyl methacrylate) (PEMG) obtained from a simple solution method leads to lower values of Young modulus but also lower dielectric permittivities. The PU-PEMG blend presents however an improvement of the electromechanical capabilities, for example it is obtained a two fold increase of the strain at moderate fields with only 9%wt of PEMG.Two types of Polyetherblockamide (Pebax) are tested as polymer matrix. Very high values of permittivities are obtained particulary for Pebax1657 but accompanied for this material by high values of conductivity. Despite these high permittivities (more than 200000 for Pebax 1657 and 500 for Pebax 2533 at 0.1 Hz), only a moderate improvement of the electromechanical capability is observed compared to PU. We are also intererested on polyurethane nanocomposites based on silver nanoparticles coverered by PolyVinylPyrrolidone (PVP) polymer. A little polymer coating of the nanosilver leads to a better dispersion into the polyurethane films and higher values of permittivity. Different amounts of Ag-PVP are tested up to the percolation threshold close to 45%wt of fillers. Based on laser interferometer measurements and new cross characterization device, the optimal electromechanical properties are obtained for 20 %wt of Ag-PVP and a gain of 2 to 6 is obtained compared to pure polyurethane. In order to explain the difference between experimental and expected results and consequently to achieve a better understanding of the electromechanical behaviour of these different materials, some hypotheses were discussed and tested. We have shown particularly a drop of dielectric permittivities under electric fields for Pebax and nanocomposites, some problems of water absorption for Pebax and a decrease of crystallinity for the PU-Ag nanocomposites