Готові списки джерел за темами / Polymer-modified binder

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Polymer-modified binder"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Polymer-modified binder"

1

Torres, Hélder P., Sara R. M. Fernandes, Carlos D. A. Loureiro, Caroline F. N. Moura, Hugo M. R. D. Silva, and Joel R. M. Oliveira. "Use of polymer modified binders as rejuvenators in recycled asphalt mixtures." International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 13, no. 6 (November 2020): 654–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-6006-5.

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Анотація:
AbstractRoad paving recycling has been acquiring more relevance in society, especially within the paradigm of a circular economy. The addition of waste materials in asphalt mixtures is an excellent solution to face the gradual emergence of a great diversity of waste materials and reduce the production costs. This study aims to evaluate the addition of commercial and laboratory-produced polymer modified binders as rejuvenators in recycled asphalt mixtures with high contents of reclaimed asphalt pavement material (RAP). A commercial polymer modified binder (PMB) and a conventional bitumen modified with 5% of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) or 4% of Regefalt were added to RAP aged bitumen and compared with a rejuvenated binder. Fatigue, permanent deformation and water sensitivity tests carried out on recycled mixtures produced with those binders showed that polymer modified binders could be used as rejuvenators to improve their performance significantly. The recycled asphalt mixture produced with the commercial PMB presented the best mechanical performance. The polymer-modified binders revealed an ageing resistance equivalent to that of the control rejuvenated binder, or slightly better in the case of the final binder with SBS polymer.
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Hossain, Roksana, and Nazimuddin M. Wasiuddin. "Evaluation of Degradation of SBS Modified Asphalt Binder Because of RTFO, PAV, and UV Aging using a Novel Extensional Deformation Test." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 6 (June 2019): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119847471.

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Анотація:
Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified PG 64-22 and PG 76-22 binders are studied to investigate the degradation of polymer because of aging applied by: rolling thin film oven (RTFO), pressure aging vessel (PAV), and ultraviolet (UV). Upon observing the temperature increment of unmodified binder during high shear mixing, a polymer mixing procedure has been established. SBS (2%, 4%, and 6%), polyphosphoric acid (PPA) (0.5%, 2%, and 3.5%), and PPA (2%)-SBS (0.5%, 2%, and 3.5%) are mixed with PG 64-22 binder. Sentmanat extensional rheometer, based on dynamic shear rheometer, is used to investigate the extensional deformation characteristics in which SBS modified binders exhibit both first peak elongation force, F1, and second peak elongation force, F2, whereas, unmodified binders and PPA modified binders exhibit no F2. SBS is the most effective in increasing F2 with an increasing rate of 1.16N/% of SBS polymer. At 12°C and 16°C, F2 of RTFO aged SBS modified binder reduces, which indicates the polymer is degrading. In the case of PAV aged SBS modified binder, no F2 is found at 12°C and 16°C. With the increment of temperature, the PAV aged sample shows F2, but the value is less than the F2 of the original and RTFO aged binder of similar stiffness (F1). A normalized parameter, F2/F1, also shows that RTFO and PAV aging degrade SBS. Evaluation of UV aged SBS modified binder shows no F2 at any temperature while oven aged binder shows F2 value at similar aging temperature, duration, and thickness, indicating SBS completely degrades because of UV aging.
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Bayekolaei, Mahdi Delaviz, Koorosh Naderi, and Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad. "The effects of base binder and styrene–butadiene–styrene structure on rutting resistance of polymer–nanocomposite asphalt mixture." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 50, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 256–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244317714640.

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Анотація:
In recent years, the use of nano materials for improving various mechanical and performance-related properties of polymer-modified asphalt binders has been growing rapidly. However, few researches investigated the effects of base binder and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) structure on rutting resistance of polymer-nanocomposite-modified asphalt mixtures. This study investigated the effect of polymer–nanocomposite modification, using two different penetration grade asphalt binders and two types of SBS, on rutting properties of asphalt mixtures. Rheological properties of modified binders, Marshall stability, resilient modulus, and rut depth in wheel-tracking tests were used to evaluate the rutting performance of the modified binders and mixtures. The results indicated that both base binder type and SBS structure had significant effect on rutting resistance of polymer-nanocomposite-modified asphalt mixtures.
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Chen, Jian-Shiuh, Yang-Chou Sun, Min-Chih Liao, and Chien-Chung Huang. "Effect of Binder Types on Engineering Properties and Performance of Porous Asphalt Concrete." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2293, no. 1 (January 2012): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2293-07.

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Анотація:
Porous asphalt concrete (PAC) has an open-graded aggregate mixture to yield high air voids; PAC is mainly applied to the surface drainage layer on high-speed trafficked highway pavements. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of binder types on the engineering properties and field performance of PAC mixtures. Three binder types were selected for a 19-mm nominal maximum aggregate size gradation: conventional asphalt AR-80, polymer-modified asphalt, and high-viscosity asphalt. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the engineering properties of the PAC mixture, including permeability, resistance to draindown, resistance to disintegration, resistance to rutting, and resistance to indirect traction. A 3-km in-service test road was constructed to monitor the performance of PAC pavements using these three binders. Polymer-modified binder was shown to minimize abrasion loss and enhance the durability of the PAC mixture. Test results indicated that the use of polymer-modified binder, instead of unmodified binder, reduced rutting and raveling. When the mixture contained high-viscosity binder, it showed the best performance in the field. Field measurements indicated improved drainage as a result of replacement of the conventional asphalt AR-80 binder with the polymer-modified and high-viscosity binders. PAC pavement surfaces provided good frictional characteristics once the asphalt binder film was worn from the aggregate.
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Jadidi, K., M. Khalili, M. Karakouzian, and S. Amirkhanian. "Toughness, Tenacity and Maximum Initial Strength of Rubber Modified Asphalt Binders." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 1 (February 16, 2019): 3765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2526.

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Анотація:
The toughness and tenacity test method, which was developed in the 1980s, is popular for evaluating a polymer-modified binder. Several states like Nevada require performing this test to evaluate non-modified binder samples, as well as other types of modified binders. In this regard, a toughness and tenacity test was performed on rubber-modified samples produced from virgin binder PG58-28, PG64-16 and AC-20. In order to take the rubber size, type and content into account, two rubber sizes, mesh #20 and #40, two rubber types, ambient and cryogenic, and three rubber contents, 10%, 15%, and 20% were produced and tested. The results then were compared with polymer-modified and terminally blended rubber-modified samples. The results show improvement in the amount of initial maximum strength, and a decline in the magnitude of elongation, toughness and tenacity for the rubber-modified binder, compared to other types of binders.
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Fakhri, Mansour, Sajad Javadi, Reza Sedghi, Alireza Sassani, Ali Arabzadeh, and Behnam Baveli Bahmai. "Microwave Induction Heating of Polymer-Modified Asphalt Materials for Self-Healing and Deicing." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 10129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810129.

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Анотація:
This study evaluates the influence of polymer-modification on the induction heating capability of asphalt mastic in a microwave field, and investigates how effectively this approach can be utilized for ice melting and self-healing purposes. To this end, different asphalt mastic mixtures with different polymer-modification and mixing procedures were tested under microwave field exposure for induction heating capability, ice-melting ability, and self-healing capacity. The mixtures were made through warm-mix and hot-mix procedures with four bituminous binders, including virgin (unmodified) asphalt and the same binder modified with three types of polymers. The results showed the effectiveness of microwave induction heating of asphalt mastic for both crack-healing and deicing purposes. The binder type was found to influence the ice melting and crack healing rates, such that using a warm-mix asphalt binder resulted in a more efficient heat generation and conduction than using a virgin asphalt binder. While polymer-modification undermined induction-heating, ice-melting, and self-healing performances, SBS-modified asphalt binders exhibited better performance than the other polymer-modified binders.
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Zhou, Zhou, Xingyu Gu, Jiwang Jiang, Fujian Ni, and Yanxu Jiang. "Nonrecoverable Behavior of Polymer Modified and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Modified Binder under Different Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Tests." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 28 (June 30, 2018): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118782029.

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Анотація:
Chinese transportation agencies usually use the styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified binder and rejuvenators when applying higher reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in surface courses. However, the rutting performance of RAP binder containing SBS binder and rejuvenators remains a problem. In order to better evaluate the rutting performance of asphalt binder, recently, a multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test (AASHTO T 350) was proposed and approved. This paper critically reviewed the AASHTO T 350 test method and AASHTO M 332 specification by carrying out a series of MSCR tests. A total of 18 types of SBS modified and modified RAP binders were tested. The effect of a rejuvenator on the rutting performance was analyzed. Three different MSCR tests were conducted considering different stress levels and creep recovery cycles, including test conditions of AASHTO T 350. The results indicated that AASHTO T 350 can grade the binders based on the nonrecoverable creep compliance and stress sensitivity parameters. Since SBS modified binders always have lower Jnr values at lower stress levels, higher stress levels and more creep recovery cycles are recommended to better evaluate the rutting resistance of binder. The addition of RAP decreased the Jnr values while the addition of rejuvenator had the opposite effect. The added SBS modified binder and rejuvenator have a negligible effect on the percentage recovery. It is suggested that a suitable rejuvenator dosage and virgin binder type should be chosen carefully to guarantee the rutting performance of RAP binder.
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Al-Khateeb, Ghazi G., Waleed Zeiada, Mohammed Ismail, Ahmad Shabib, and Adel Tayara. "Mechanistic-empirical evaluation of specific polymer-modified asphalt binders effect on the rheological performance." Science Progress 103, no. 4 (October 2020): 003685042095987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420959876.

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Анотація:
Major distresses such as rutting, fatigue, and thermal cracking are facing asphalt pavement structures due to continuous heavy traffic loading and climate change. The modification of asphalt binders (one of the main components of the asphalt paving mix) has the potential to mitigate distresses through using different additives. Polymer modified asphalt (PMA) binders showed a noticeable resistance to pavement distresses as reported in previous studies. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of polymer modification on the rheological properties of asphalt binders through laboratory tests. The polymers included styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and epolene emulsifiable (EE2) types. The 60/70 binder was used as a control for comparison. The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) was also utilized to simulate the effect of PMA binders on the rheological properties under different climatic conditions and structural capacities. Additionally, the MEPDG was further utilized to compare the effect of asphalt binders on rheological properties using four different binder input levels. Findings of the study showed that laboratory tests experienced varying outcomes regarding the most efficient asphalt binder by means of distresses resistance. However, the MEPDG evaluation showed that the overall ranking of asphalt binders positively impacting the rheological properties was as following: (1) 4.5% EE2 PMA, (2) 4% EE2 PMA, (3) 60/70 binder, (4) 5% SBS PMA, and (5) 4% SBS PMA binders. Furthermore, statistical analysis illustrated that the effect of using different binder input levels on the performance of pavement varied relatively to the evaluated distresses. The analysis showed that using different binder input levels would affect, to a certain extent, the asphalt binder influence on rheological properties only when evaluating rutting and fatigue distresses. Therefore, it is recommended that precise asphalt binder inputs, that is, shear complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) are used when designing pavement structures in regions with hot and mild climate conditions.
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Xu, Ouming, Feipeng Xiao, Serji N. Amirkhanian, Yamin Liu, and Sen Han. "Long-term aging effect on rheological properties of combined binders from various polymers with ground tire rubber." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 43, no. 5 (May 2016): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2015-0193.

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Анотація:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term aging effect on the rheological properties of the modified PG 76-22/PG 76-16 binders produced from ground tire rubber (GTR) with various polymers after a long-term aging process. The tests included the investigation of G*sinδ, phase angle, amplitude sweep, frequency sweep, creep and creep recovery and stress relaxation in terms of three base binders and five polymers. The test results indicated that both base binder and polymer type affect the fatigue resistance, creep and creep recovery, viscoelastic property, and relaxation characteristic of each modified binder. In addition, terminally blended GTR binder has better fatigue resistance than laboratory blended GTR binder after a long-term aging procedure in this study. It seems that binders modified with polyphosphoric acid combined with 7% GTR exhibit more elastic properties and better rheological properties than other modified binders regardless of binder sources.
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Al-mousawi, Esraa J., Rashaa H. Al-Rubaee, and Ammar A. Shubber. "Mixing and Compaction Temperature of Nanosilica Composite Polymer Modified Asphalt." Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol8.iss2.165.

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Анотація:
Recently, polymer -nanocomposites were used to manufacture durable asphalt mixtures to replace the polymer modified binder, because of the remarkable properties and unique features of nanomaterials compared to conventional materials, such as their wide surface area and small dimensions, making it possible to be utilized as an additive for asphalt paving. Nanosilica particles (NS) are one of the latest minerals which likely integrate useful characteristics, such as huge surface area, good distributions, high absorption levels, high stability, and a high level of purity. Therefore, this paper is interested in studying the characteristics of nanocomposite-polymer modified asphalt. In laboratory work, a pure asphalt 60-70 penetration grade, has been modified separately with waste polypropylene polymer (WPP), and nanosillica composite polypropylene (NS/WPP) at different concentrations. As a result, two modified binders: waste polypropylene polymer- modified asphalt (WPP-MA), and nanosillica composite polypropylene modified asphalt (NSCPMA) were obtained. Traditional asphalt binder tests were performed for pure and modified binders such as penetration, ductility, flash and fire point test, softening point, and rotational viscosity. Also, storage stability test has been conducted to ensure the storage stability of binders at high temperatures. The results showed an improvement in physical properties and increase in mixing and compaction temperature due to the increase in stiffness of (NSCPMA). The results also indicated that the nanosillica composite polypropylene modified asphalt binders have good storage stability at high temperatures.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Polymer-modified binder"

1

Burger, A. F. "Rheology of polymer modified binders : a comparative study of three binders and three binder/filler systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52438.

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Анотація:
Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of polymer modified binders have increased drastically over the past twenty years. It is generally accepted that current empirical specification tests do not adequately characterise the improvement in binder properties when bitumen is modified with polymers. At the University of Stellenbosch, a programme was initiated to relate binder properties to asphalt mix performance. This study forms part of that programme. This study focuses on three binders and is an attempt to characterise binder properties fundamentally. The binders that were tested are: • 60/70 penetration grade bitumen • SBS modified 60/70 bitumen • Bitumen-Rubber Two rheometers were used to characterise the binder properties: • Sliding Plate Rheometer (SPR) • Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) The Sliding Plate Rheometer was modified to allow testing at elevated temperatures. The modification is described in this thesis. Three types of testing were used to test the binders: • Creep tests (SPR and DSR) • Dynamic tests (Strain and Frequency Sweeps - DSR) • Flow tests (high temperature viscosity tests - DSR) The results of the tests were used to characterise differences between the binders. Shear susceptibility lines were plotted and viscosities calculated from the creep test results; Master Curves and Black Diagrams were plotted from frequency sweep results; flow test results were used to characterise high temperature behaviour. A further development in the asphalt industry is the move towards the development of performance based specifications. A programme has been initiated in this regard and this study forms part of the programme. As a step towards the development of performance based specifications filler was included in this study. BinderlFiller systems were subjected to the same test programme the binders were, to characterise the influence on binder properties of filler addition. Some of the conclusions that were drawn at the end of the study are: • Polymer modification improves binder properties related to rutting. • Filler addition does not affect binder properties negatively. • Shear rate is very important during production of asphalt mixes and construction of asphalt layers containing polymer modified binders.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van polimeer gemodifiseerde bitumen het drasties toegeneem oor die afgelope twintig jaar. Dit word algemeen aanvaar dat die huidige empiriese spesifikasie toetse nie die verbetering in bindmiddeleienskappe van polimeer modifisering aanvaarbaar karakteriseer nie. 'n Program is geïnisieer by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch om 'n verband te vind tussen bindmiddeleienskappe en asfaltmengseleienskappe. Hierdie studie vorm deel van die program. Hierdie werk fokus op drie bindmiddels en is 'n poging om die bindmiddeleienskappe fundamenteel te karakteriseer. Die bindmiddels wat gebruik is in hierdie werk, is: • 60/70 penetrasiegraad bitumen • SBS gemodifiseerde 60/70 bittimen • Bitumen-Rubber Twee reometers is gebruik om bindmiddeleienskappe te karakteriseer: • Glyplaat Reometer (SPR) • Dinamiese SkuifReometer (DSR) Die glyplaat reometer is aangepas om toetse by hoër temperature te doen en die aanpassing wat gemaak is word in die tesis beskryf. Drie tipes toetse is uitgevoer om die bindmiddels mee te toets: • Kruiptoetse (SPR en DSR) • Dinamiese toetse (DSR) • Vloei toetse (DSR) Die resultate van die toetse is gebruik om die verksille tussen die bindmiddels te kwalifiseer. Verskillende grafieke en figure is getrek van die resultate om die onderskeie bindmiddels te karakteriseer. Die beweging weg van empmese spesifikasies na werkverrigting gebaseerde spesifikasies in die asfalt industrie is 'n verder nuwe ontwikkeling. 'n Program is geïnisïeer ten opsigte hiervan en hierdie werk vorm deel van die program. As 'n stap in die ontwikkeling van die werkverrigting gebaseerde spesifikasies is 'n vuIler ingesluit in die toetsprogram. Bindmiddel/vuIler stelsels is onderwerp aan dieselfde toetse waaraan die bindmiddels onderwerp is om die invloed van die vuIler op die bindmiddels te karakteriseer. Sommige van die gevolgtrekkings waartoe gekom is aan die einde van die tesis, is: • Polimeer modifisering verbeter bindmiddeleienskappe met betrekking tot wielsporing. • Die toevoeging van vuIler affekteer nie die bindmiddeleienskappe negatiefnie. • Die vervormingstempo is van groot belang wanneer asfaltmengsels gemeng en lae gebou word van mengsels wat polimeer gemodifiseerde bitumen bevat.
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2

Kraus, Zachary Rothman. "The morphology of polymer modified asphalt and its relationship to rheology and durability." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86003.

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Анотація:
Polymers are added to asphalt binders primarily to stiffen the binder at higher temperatures and thus to protect the pavement against rutting at summertime temperatures early in the pavement's life. Also, it has been noted that polymers typically increase the ductility of a binder and that some polymer-asphalt combinations are especially effective. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that enhancing a binder's ductility, and maintaining this enhancement with binder oxidative aging, contributes to enhanced binder durability in pavements. However, polymer-asphalt interactions and how they might contribute to improved binder performance is not well understood. The goal of this work was to probe the relationship of polymer morphology on asphalt binder rheology and mixture durability. Experiments were conducted on asphalt mixtures and binders, and as a function of oxidative aging. PFC mixtures, which are an open mixture designed to allow enhanced water drainage, were of specific interest. These mixtures were tested for Cantabro Loss, an indicator of a mixture's likelihood of failure by raveling. Asphalt binders were tested using dynamic shear rheometry (DSR), which provided the DSR function, (G' /η'/G'), a measure of binder stiffness that includes both the elastic modulus and the flow viscosity), ductility (used to measure the elongation a binder could withstand before failure), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), used to estimate the relative amount of polymer) and fluorescence microscopy (used to image the polymer morphology in the asphalt binder). From these data, relationships were assessed between binder morphology and binder rheology and between binder rheology and mixture durability, all as a function of binder oxidative aging. Polymer morphology related to ductility enhancement. Polymer morphology related to a change in the DSR function, relative to the amount of polymer, as measured by the polymer GPC peak height. Cantabro loss correlated to the DSR function (R2=0.963). The overall conclusion is that polymer morphology, as indicated by fluorescence microscopy, relates to both the rheological properties of the binder and the Cantabro loss of the mixture. These relationships should yield a better understanding of polymer modification, increased mixture durability (decreased raveling) and improved rheological properties (DSR function and ductility).
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3

Maciel, Emerson Rodrigues. "O emprego de borracha termoplástica tipo estireno-butadieno-estireno em cimentos asfálticos de petróleo." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266942.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Orientador: Wagner dos Santos Oliveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T00:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maciel_EmersonRodrigues_M.pdf: 10298208 bytes, checksum: d19a140f86e923ce68500657b2e841fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta resultados o estudo de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de misturas de polímeros em cimento asfáltico de petróleo. O asfalto é um excelente material aglutinante utilizado na construção de rodovias e vias urbanas, entretanto o aumento do número de veículos comerciais e da carga transportada por eixo tem levado a deteriorização prematura dos pavimentos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o polímero do tipo estireno-butadieno-estireno quando incorporado ao asfalto traz melhoria nas propriedades físico-químicas e desempenho, sobretudo quando em contato com cargas pesadas, em climas quentes, tornando-o resistente à deformação permanente, pela preservação de sua flexibilidade e elasticidade. A incorporação de 4% polímero tipo estirenobutadieno-estireno ao asfalto resultou na melhoria de suas propriedades, principalmente a resistência ao envelhecimento, aumento no ponto de amolecimento, ganho de recuperação elástica. O asfalto modificado é uma boa solução, pois embora aumente os custos iniciais do produto, resulta em um ótimo custo benefício, reduzindo a necessidade de manutenção das rodovias ou vias urbanas ao longo dos anos
Abstract: This paper presents laboratorial research results comprising developing project of polymer mixtures in petroleum asphalt cement. The asphalt is an excellent binding material used in the highway constructions and unban roads, however the increase of the commercial vehicles number and the load transported by axle have led to the premature pavements failure. The laboratory outcomes obtained show that the SBS polymer, which is embedded to the asphalt, brings improvement in the physico - chemical properties and performance mainly for its good performance under heavy loads in hot climates becoming resistant to the permanent deformation, but maintaining the flexibility as the asphaltic concrete providing elasticity. The SBS polymer is a good solution, although it increases the initial costs of the product, however with a great costeffective regarding the maintenance of the highways or unban roads over the years
Mestrado
Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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4

Alencar, Ana Ellen Valentim de. "AvaliaÃÃo do uso de polÃmero EVA, resÃduo da indÃstria de calÃados (EVAR) e aditivos no desempenho reolÃgico de ligante asfÃltico de petrÃleo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5322.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
O desenvolvimento de novas metodologias no campo da engenharia rodoviÃria tem sido uma preocupaÃÃo, visando à melhoria da qualidade das vias pavimentadas, tornando-as mais seguras e resistentes. Algumas inovaÃÃes introduzidas nesta Ãrea tem sido praticadas com a aplicaÃÃo de ligantes asfÃlticos (LAs) modificados, que tem demonstrado melhorar o desempenho destes, contribuindo para a reduÃÃo da formaÃÃo das trilhas de roda e das trincas tÃrmicas. Neste estudo, o ligante asfÃltico (LA) brasileiro oriundo do Campo Fazenda Alegre foi modificado por copolÃmero de etileno e acetato de vinila (EVA) virgem, resÃduo da indÃstria de calÃados (EVAR) e fibra de coco (FC). Aditivos, como o lÃquido da castanha de caju (LCC) e o Ãleo extensor (OE) foram utilizados para melhorar a compatibilidade da mistura. O polÃmero e os aditivos foram caracterizados atravÃs de espectroscopia no infravermelho, termogravimetria e calorimetria exploratÃria diferencial. A avaliaÃÃo dos espectros FTIR dos ligantes apÃs envelhecimento simulado em estufa RTFOT, mostraram que os ligantes modificados com EVAR e EVA/FC foram mais resistentes ao processo oxidativo, provavelmente, devido à presenÃa de aditivos, como o carbonato de cÃlcio, na composiÃÃo do resÃduo. As curvas termogravimÃtricas dos LAs modificados apresentaram comportamento semelhante ao ligante puro. As propriedades reolÃgicas tambÃm foram avaliadas atravÃs de ensaios em: viscosÃmetro e reÃmetro de cisalhamento dinÃmico (DSR). O envelhecimento, de maneira geral, provoca aumento da rigidez e da viscosidade, porÃm as curvas mestras indicaram que o efeito do envelhecimento à mais expressivo nas temperaturas intermediÃrias a altas, e aumentaram a elasticidade ao longo do espectro de frequÃncias. A viscosidade zero shear (ZSV) obtida pelos modelos de Cross e Williamson apresentou-se mais elevada do que o modelo de Carreau. AlÃm disso, as imagens obtidas no microscÃpio de forÃa atÃmica (MFA) mostraram que o polÃmero EVA intumesceu devido à absorÃÃo de fraÃÃo aromÃtica do ligante, rompendo a estabilidade coloidal. Assim sendo, a adiÃÃo do Ãleo extensor preveniu a separaÃÃo de fases. Para o ligante modificado com EVAR, a mistura apresentou boa estabilidade à estocagem somente apÃs adiÃÃo de Ãleo extensor. A presenÃa do LCC e OE mostrou melhorar a susceptibilidade tÃrmica dos ligantes modificados.
The development of new methodologies in the field of road engineering has been a concern, aimed to the improvement of the quality of paved roads making them safer and more durable. Some innovations introduced in this area have been practiced with the application of modified asphalt binder (AB), demonstrated to improve asphalt binder performance, contributing to the reduction of the formation of wheel tracks and of thermal cracking. In this study, the Brazilian asphalt binder from Fazenda Alegre oil reserve was modified by virgin ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), residue of the industry of footwears (EVAR) and coir fiber (CF). Additives, such as the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and extensor oil (EO) were used to improve the compatibility of the mixture. The polymer and additives were characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy, termogravimetry and diferencial scanning calorimetry. The evaluation of the spectra FTIR of the binders after simulated aging in RTFOT, showed that the modified binders with EVAR and EVA/FC were more resistant to oxidative hardening, probably due to the presence of the additive, in the composition of the residue, such as the calcium carbonate. The termogravimetry curves of the modified ABs presented behavior similar to the pure binder. The rheological properties were also evaluated by tests with the viscometer and the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). In general, ageing causes an increase in stiffness and viscosity, however the master curves indicated that the effect of aging is most significant in the intermediate to high temperatures and increases the elasticity along the spectrum of frequencies. The zero shear viscosity (ZSV) obtained by the models of Cross and Williamson was higher than the Carreau model. In addition atomic force microscopy (AFM) images were obtained in the showed that the EVA polymer sweeling suggest that part of the maltenic fraction of the binder was absorbed by the polymer. For the binder modified with EVAR, the mixture showed good stability only after the addition of the extensor oil. The presence of CNSL and EO improved the thermal susceptibility of the modified binders.
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MIGLIETTA, FABRIZIO. "Self-healing of bituminous binders: a methodological framework from experimental testing to advanced modeling." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2942112.

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6

Reis, Rafael Marcal Martins de. "Revestimento asfáltico tipo SMA para alto desempenho em vias de tráfego pesado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-14112003-103348/.

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Анотація:
Este trabalho apresenta alguns resultados de pesquisa laboratorial compreendendo projeto de dosagem, comportamento mecânico da mistura SMA (Stone Matrix Asphalt - Matriz Pétrea Asfáltica), bem como, aspectos executivos relacionados ao desenvolvimento de um trecho experimental em SMA para revestimento de pavimentos. Os resultados de laboratório obtidos mostram que o SMA é um revestimento asfáltico que pode apresentar bom desempenho sob cargas pesadas em climas quentes, pois estas misturas são muito resistentes à deformação permanente, mas preservam a flexibilidade como os concretos asfálticos densos. O SMA é uma solução bem conhecida para tráfego pesado na Europa e mais recentemente na América do Norte. O SMA também tem sido empregado para aumento de aderência em pista molhada e para redução de ruído.
This research presents laboratory test results of mixture design, mechanical behavior of SMA (Stone Matrix Asphalt), as well as some construction aspects regarding to development of Brazilian road trial section as a new bituminous surface course to pavement construction or maintenance.The laboratory results show that SMA can perform very well in hot climate under heavy load conditions due to the mixture to be very resistant against permanent deformation but still flexible like dense asphalt concrete. The SMA is a well Known solution for heavy traffic in Europe and, more recently, in North America. The SMA is also employed to increase the adherence in wet conditions and for noise reduction.
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Arsano, Iskinder Yacob. "BIO-OIL MODIFIED ASPHALT AS A NOVEL AND IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL & CARBON NANOTUBES FOR TARGETED ADSORPTION OF BENZOIC ACID." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1596635907208643.

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Cunha, Tayana Mara Freitas da. "Estudo do comportamento físico, químico e reológico de ligante asfáltico modificado com polímero e materiais advindos de plantas amazônicas para aplicação em revestimento asfáltico." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2362.

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Анотація:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:47:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TAYANA_CUNHA.pdf: 3246935 bytes, checksum: 4bfd4e26cc31d0040eded3e0c0d04580 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-14
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The study in question has researched the chemical and rheological properties of pure asphalt binder in Manaus (CAP 50/70-REMAN), and when modified with agents: synthetic polymer - a styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBS), natural fiber of fruits rind of Couepia edulis (Prance) (FCC) and antioxidant additive - fat Virola surinamensis - ucuúba (GU), aiming to bring benefits to the asphalt used in the region, as from the oxidative stress and heat, as well as a better performance of asphalt mixtures used in the process champion. Were determinate the properties of degradation and stabilization by thermal analysis - Termogravimetira (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), rheology, through Rheometer Dynamic Shear (Shear Rheometer Dynamical - DSR) under the parameters established in the specifications SUPERPAVE the aging process by thermoxidized (RTFOT) beyond the traditional characterization advocated by the National Petroleum Agency - ANP. The addition of modifying agents affected the physical, chemical and rheological properties, the main results: reduction in penetration rate, increase in softening point, good thermal stability and miscibility with the CAP, a significant increase in G* at low frequencies and decrease in tan δ, and the elevation of viscosity for the modified binders, but less pronounced by the presence of additive (GU).
comercializado em Manaus (CAP 50/70-REMAN), e quando modificado com os agentes: polímero sintético - copolímero de estireno e butadieno (SBS), fibra natural oriunda da casca da castanha de cutia (FCC) - Couepia edulis (Prance) e com aditivo antioxidante - gordura de Virola surinamensis ucuúba (GU), visando trazer benefícios ao asfalto utilizado na região, quanto ao efeito oxidativo e térmico, bem como quanto a um melhor desempenho das misturas asfálticas empregadas nas vias manauaras. Foram determinadas as propriedades de degradação e estabilização, pela análise térmica Termogravimetira (TG) e Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC), o comportamento reológico, por meio do Reômetro de Cisalhamento dinâmico (Dynamical Shear Rheometer - DSR) segundo os parâmetros estabelecidos nas especificações SUPERPAVE, o envelhecimento pelo processo termoxidativo (RTFOT) além da caracterização tradicional preconizada pela Agência Nacional de Petróleo ANP. A adição de agentes modificadores afetou as propriedades físicas, químicas e reológicas, tendo como principais resultados: redução nos índice de penetração, aumento no ponto de amolecimento, boa estabilidade térmica e miscibilidade com o CAP, aumento significativo no G* em baixas freqüências e diminuição na tan δ, além da elevação da viscosidade para os ligantes modificados, porém menos pronunciada pela presença de aditivo (GU).
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Fienkeng, Martin Nkwenti. "Early life behaviour of surface dressings with polymer modified binders." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240603.

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10

Elseifi, Mostafa. "Viscoelastic Modeling of Straight and Modified Binders at Intermediate and High Temperatures." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36445.

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Анотація:
The increase and change in traffic loading in recent years has resulted in the introduction of a new range of high performance asphalt binders. These new binders known as modified asphalt binders, have a more complex behavior than traditional binders. A review of the current mathematical models shows that most of them suffer from different drawbacks that make them inadequate for their intended application. To describe the behavior of straight and modified binders in the thermorheologically simple linear viscoelastic region, two models are proposed. Models to characterize the absolute value of the complex shear modulus (|G*|) and the phase angle (d) were developed using the matching function approach and validated by an experimental program. The dynamic mechanical properties of two typical paving grade binders and three modified binders were tested at intermediate and high service temperatures. Short-term and long-term aging were simulated by the rolling thin film oven test and the pressure aging vessel test, respectively. A dynamic shear rheometer with parallel plate configuration was used to conduct the dynamic mechanical tests at frequencies between 0.06 to 188.5 rad/sec and temperatures ranging from 5 to 75°C. Prior to the frequency sweeps, strain sweeps were performed to establish the linear viscoelastic region. Results indicated a strong susceptibility to the defined strain at intermediate temperatures; however, strain susceptibility was less pronounced at high temperatures. Frequency sweeps were then conducted at a constant strain corresponding to greater than 95% of the initial complex shear modulus as established by AASHTO TP5 for straight asphalts. The Time-Temperature Superposition Principle was used to construct the master curves. The shift factors were determined based on the complex shear modulus master curves and verified for the phase angle, storage shear modulus and loss shear modulus.

After construction of the master curves, non-linear regression was used to fit the proposed models to the experimental data. Comparison between the measured and predicted values indicated a good agreement for frequencies higher than 10-5 rad/sec. The phase angle model was found to adequately describe unmodified binder with a small percentage of errors (less than 6%). On the other hand, the phase angle model was found unable to simulate the plateau region observed for polymer-modified binders. However, the error in this case was found to be relatively small (from zero to 10%).

The ability of the models to estimate other viscoelastic functions, e.g. storage shear modulus (G'), loss shear modulus (G"), and relaxation spectrum (H(t)), was found to be adequate.
Master of Science

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Книги з теми "Polymer-modified binder"

1

Wardlaw, KR, and S. Shuler, eds. Polymer Modified Asphalt Binders. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1108-eb.

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2

R, Wardlaw Kenneth, and Shuler Scott, eds. Polymer modified asphalt binders. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM, 1992.

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3

Jamieson, I. L. Polymer modified binders in surface dressings. Dublin: Environmental Research Unit, 1993.

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4

Group, Austroads Pavement Research, ed. Austroads specification framework for polymer modified binders. Vermont South, Victoria: ARRB Transport Research, 1997.

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5

Carswell, J., and D. R. Gershkoff. Rheological Properties of Polymer-modified Binders for Use in Rolled Asphalt Wearing Course (TRL Report). Thomas Telford Ltd, 1999.

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Частини книг з теми "Polymer-modified binder"

1

Ali, Shaban Ismael Albrka, Rebaz Yousif Ahmed, and Peshawa Sediq. "High Temperatures Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposite Modified Asphalt Binder." In RILEM Bookseries, 983–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46455-4_125.

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2

Vijayan, Vishnu, Jeevan Mathew Tharayil, R. Rakhil Krishna, Jiji Saji, Divya S. Shaji, and G. Lakshmi. "Sustainable Bituminous Pavement: A Study on Low-Density Polymer Modified Bituminous Binder." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 435–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6557-8_35.

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3

Suchismita, Arpita, and Dharamveer Singh. "Quantification of Aging of Polymer Modified Binder Using Creep Recovery and Yield Energy Test Methods." In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of Transportation Research Group of India, 31–39. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3505-3_3.

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4

Leegwater, Greet, Jozef Komačka, Gang Liu, Erik Nielsen, and Eva Remišova. "Technical Performance and Benefits of Recycling of Reclaimed Asphalt Containing Polymer-modified Binder in Premium Surface Layers." In Materials and Infrastructures 2, 19–32. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119318613.ch2.

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5

Kumar, Rajesh. "Influence on Hydration and Microstructural Properties of Low-Carbon Cementitious Binder Modified with Water-Soluble Polymer and Fly Ash." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1–12. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3371-4_1.

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Podolsky, Joseph, Austin Hohmann, Conglin Chen, Zahra Sotoodeh-Nia, Nicholas Manke, Barrie Saw, Nacu Hernandez, et al. "Effect of Soybean Oil Derived Additives on Improved Performance of Polymer-Modified Asphalt Binder and Mix Containing 50% Fine-Graded RAP." In RILEM Bookseries, 615–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46455-4_78.

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Shaffie, E., J. Ahmad, A. K. Arshad, D. Kamarun, and F. Kamaruddin. "Stripping Performance and Volumetric Properties Evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Mix Design Using Natural Rubber Latex Polymer Modified Binder (NRMB)." In InCIEC 2014, 873–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-290-6_76.

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8

Paktin, Hazratullah, and Saqib Gulzar. "Tribology of Polymers and Polymer-Modified Asphalt Binders Considering Linear Viscoelasticity." In Tribology of Polymer and Polymer Composites for Industry 4.0, 71–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3903-6_5.

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Zofka, Adam, and Krzysztof Błażejowski. "Machine Learning Technique for Interpretation of Infrared Spectra Measured on Polymer Modified Binders." In RILEM Bookseries, 281–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00476-7_44.

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Chen, Yifang, and Chao Wang. "Oxidative Aging Effects on Damage-Healing Performance of Unmodified and Polymer Modified Asphalt Binders." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 395–403. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29779-4_39.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Polymer-modified binder"

1

White, Greg, Finn Hall, and Darren Foster. "Comparing Binder Modified with Recycled Plastic to Conventional Polymer Modified Binders." In International Airfield and Highway Pavements Conference 2021. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483510.005.

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2

Alisov, Alexander, Tobias Hagner, and Axel Walther. "Quantification of polymer content in binder by modified MSCR test." In 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress. Czech Technical University in Prague, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ee.2016.411.

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3

Urquhart, Robert, Elizabeth Woodall, Shannon Malone, and Shannon Lourensz. "Effects of hot storage on polymer modified binder properties and field performance." In 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress. Czech Technical University in Prague, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ee.2016.064.

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Hasan, Md Amanul, Zafrul Hakim Khan, Umme Amina Mannan, and Rafiqul A. Tarefder. "Investigation of Mechanical Property of Polymer Modified Binder Using Image Processing and Finite Element Method." In International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481554.023.

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5

Vansteenkiste, Stefan, Joëlle De Visscher, and Christophe Denayer. "Influence of hydrated lime on the field performance of SMA10 mixtures containing polymer modified binder." In 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress. Czech Technical University in Prague, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ee.2016.067.

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6

Kataware, Aniket V., and Dharamveer Singh. "Evaluating the Rutting Performance of a Polymer-Modified Binder Containing WMA Additives Using Different Rheological Parameters." In Fourth Geo-China International Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480014.016.

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7

Alhussan, Khaled. "Improvement of Physical-Mechanical Properties of the Composite Materials in Aircraft Structure Using Carbon Nanomaterial Based on Phenolic Binder and Fiberglass." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2013-73143.

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Aggregate stability of “carbon nanotube-polymer matrix” depends on the specific features of Surface tube and surrounding polymer interaction, i.e. The behavior of nanocarbon particles assembly in each particular system. This work is provided with the conditions of used carbon nanomaterial treatment for the improvement of its aggregate stability when introducing into phenolic matrix. Multiwall carbon carbon nanotubes and nanofibers possess unique properties which allow to constantly widen the spheres of their practical application. Recently there have appeared a lot of works dedicated to the creation of composite materials with the improved properties via CNM introduction into various polymers [1, 2]. However until the present time it was impossible to fulfill the possibilities of the application of carbon materials as modified additives completely. As carbon nanotubes and nanofibers are very small and possess high surface energy they easily form agglomerates with tens of microns sizes which reduce the efficiency of additive and matrix interaction.
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8

Tarta, Ciprian Rares, Nicolae Ciont, Mihai Iliescu, and Gavril Hoda. "Comparative study on using thermoplastic polymers to improve asphalt mixtures characteristics." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1170.

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Asphalt mixtures are composite building materials consisting of a mineral skeleton mixed with a bituminous binder, following a recipe which may also include fibres and/or polymers. The natural aggregates sustain the mixture structure, but adequate bitumen behaviour under various temperature and mechanically-induced stresses is also essential for the structural durability. Much research effort was directed towards improving the asphalt mixtures’ resistance to permanent deformation, implying an increase in mixture stiffness. At the same time, the mixture must exhibit enough low temperature cracking resistance. Six reference asphalt mixture samples were prepared and tested: mixtures M1 and M2 for base and binder courses respectively, as well as four mixtures for wearing courses (two asphalt concrete - AC1 and AC2, a stabilised mixture SMA containing fibres, and a porous mixture - PM). A 50/70 penetration grade bitumen was used to prepare all mixtures. In some cases, the obtained results did not meet the standard requirements. Bitumen or mixture modification is commonly performed by adding thermoplastic or elastomeric polymers, to improve the asphalt mixture behaviour. In this study, the effects of four thermoplastic polymers on the stiffness modulus, dynamic creep and fatigue resistance were studied. All tested polymers were introduced as grains during mixture preparation. Polymer addition led to a 31 % to 104 % increase in mixture stiffness modulus. A 220 % average increase in fatigue resistance was observed for mixtures M1 and M2. For the wearing course mixtures, creep resistance is expressed through a 99 % reduction in deformation speed and a 50 % to 80 % reduction in rut depth. The obtained results met the standard requirements. Using grain polymers is currently an effective alternative to polymer-modified bitumen, because of several technological and economical advantages. Polymer quality is essential to obtain adequate mixture characteristics.
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Peng, Yousong, Sichang Liu, Yi Wang, Jie Li, Jian Ren, Hong You, Qihua Zhao, Xingxiang Wu, and Wanfu Yu. "Steelframe reinforced plug joint towards seamless bridge deck." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0358.

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<p>The application of asphaltic plug joints (APJs) for road bridges has spread worldwide. The APJ consists of polymer modified asphalt binder mixed with selective aggregates filled in the cut-out centred over the gap between bridge span ends or between the bridge deck and abutment. APJs have the advantages of being watertight and free of debris, providing a smooth seamless riding surface through the whole bridge deck for vehicles to pass over with less bump and impact. They are simple, easy, and quick to install. Nevertheless, APJs have some major disadvantages. They are soft, pliable, and weak at higher temperatures. Thus, they can deteriorate severely well in advance of their intended design life. This paper presents a new joint type, i.e. the steelframe reinforced asphaltic plug joint (SRAPJ), modified from the APJ with innovative steelframe reinforcement embedded inside it to enhance its strength and durability. The steelframe has enough vertical stiffness to match the bridge deck and enough longitudinal deformation capacity to accommodate bridge movements from thermal variations and vehicular actions. An experimental application of SRAPJs in a highway bridge and discussion on their performance are also presented. Finally, suggestion for future improvement is proposed.</p>
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10

Artamendi, Ignacio, Bob Allen, Philip Sabin, and Paul Phillips. "New performance indicators for polymer modified binders." In 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress. Czech Technical University in Prague, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ee.2016.129.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Polymer-modified binder"

1

Moghtadernejad, Sara, Ehsan Barjasteh, Ren Nagata, and Haia Malabeh. Enhancement of Asphalt Performance by Graphene-Based Bitumen Nanocomposites. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1918.

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As the State of California continues to grow, demand for enhanced infrastructure such as roadways and highways escalates. In view of the current average highway lifespan of 15–20 years, the improvement of asphalt binders leads to material sustainability by decreasing required maintenance and increasing the lifespan of roadways. In the present investigation, enhancement of asphalt binder properties was achieved by different methods of mixing varying compositions of graphene nanoparticles with an SBS polymer and asphalt binder. Additionally, experimental evaluation and comparison of the rheological and mechanical properties of each specimen is presented. Graphene nanoparticles have attracted great curiosity in the field of highway materials due to their incredible rigidity, even in small quantities. Addition of as little as 1.0%nanoparticles in combination with polymers in an asphalt binder is expected to increase the rigidity of the material while also maintaining the beneficial polymer characteristics. Evaluation of the effect of the mixing design established that the methods for application of graphene to the polymer-modified asphalt binder are critical in the improvement of a roadway, resulting in resistance to premature aging and strain from constant road operation.
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Також вас можуть зацікавити розширені добірки на тему "Polymer-modified binder" для конкретних типів джерел:
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Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!

До бібліографії