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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Nurlela, Nurlela, and Risnawati Risnawati. "PENGARUH RESIN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN WARNA PADA CAT TEMBOK." JURNAL SAINS NATURAL 5, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v5i2.264.

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The Influence of Resin against the Change of Color on the Wall PaintThe quality of the paint is determined by the resin used. Synthetic resins for polymer paints are made by combining several monomers to achieve various characteristics. The incorporation of some monomers such as polyvinyl acetate resin, acrylic vinyl resin and acrylic styrene resin which act as a binder can affect the quality of the paint especially the color change. The purpose of this study is to find the color changes that occur on the wall paint by using Poly Styrene Acrylic , Poly Vinyl Acetate and Poly Vinyl Acrylic. From the results of the measurement of color difference, significant color change occurs in the Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVAc) + Poly Vinyl Acrylic (PVA) and Poly Styrene Acrylic (PSA). The results of the quality test of the three resins based on pH test, scrub test and viscosity test, PSA has better quality compared to PVA + PVAc and PVA resin. From the color difference measurement test, some things need to be considered, are temperature, film thickness, substrate color/background color and measurement conditions (measured in wet sample/in plate/dry surface) and test on resin added additive according to the type of each resin.Keywords: Paint, Resin, Color Changes, Poly Vinyl Acetate, Poly Styrene.ABSTRAK Kualitas dari cat sangat ditentukan oleh resin yang digunakan. Resin sintetis untuk cat berupa polimer yang dibuat dengan menggabung beberapa monomer untuk mencapai berbagai karakteristik. Penggabungan dari beberapa monomer seperti resin poli vinil asetat, resin vinil akrilik dan resin stirena akrilik yang berfungsi sebagai pengikat mampu mempengaruhi kualitas cat terutama dari perubahan warna. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan warna yang terjadi pada cat tembok dengan menggunakan Poli Stirena Akrilik, Poli Vinil asetat dan Poli Vinil Akrilik. Dari hasil pengukuran perbedaan warna, perubahan warna cukup signifikan terjadi pada resin Poli vinil Asetat (PVAc) + Poli Vinil Akrilik (PVA) dan resin Poli Stirena Akrilik (PSA). Hasil uji Kualitas cat dari ketiga resin berdasarkan uji pH, uji scrub dan uji viscositas, PSA memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan resin PVA+PVAc dan PVA. Dari pengujian pengukuran perbedaan warna, beberapa hal yang perlu di perhatikan, yaitu suhu, film thickness, warna substrat/background color dan kondisi pengukuran (diukur dalam keadaan wet sample/dalam bentuk plate/dry surface) dan pengujian terhadap resin yang ditambahkan zat aditif yang sesuai dengan tipe masing-masing resin tersebut.Kata Kunci: Cat, Resin, Perubahan Warna, Poli Vinil, Poli Stirena.

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2

Myshak, Volodymyr, Vita Seminog, Volodymyr Grishchenko, and Antonina Barantsova. "Modified composites based on poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) and crumb rubber." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 11, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht11.04.454.

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3

O'Neill, Mark L., Deborah Newman, Eric J. Beckman, and Steve P. Wilkinson. "Solvent-free generation of poly(vinyl acetals) directly from poly(vinyl acetate)." Polymer Engineering & Science 39, no. 5 (May 1999): 862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.11475.

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4

Waly, A., F. A. Abdel-Mohdy, and A. Hebeish. "Chemical Modification of Starch-Poly (Vinyl Acetate) Materials." Engineering Plastics 6, no. 3 (January 1998): 147823919800600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919800600306.

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Starch-poly (vinyl acetate) materials were prepared through polymerization of vinyl acetate with starch using a ferrous ammonium sulphate-hydrogen peroxide redox system. Carboxymethylation through reaction with monochloroacetic acid in presence of alkali and graft polymerization with acrylamide and acrylonitrile of a material having 23% graft and 43% homopolymer were studied. Carboxymethylation occurs during the saponification process of starch-poly (vinyl acetate) in the alkaline medium of sodium monochloroacetate through reaction of the latter with the hydroxyl groups of starch and PVA. On the other hand, grafting seems to proceed via starch macroradicals which are created through the attack of the decomposition products of the redox system on the starch hydroxyl. Carboxymethylation of starch-poly (vinyl acetate) gives polyblended materials which exhibit 100% solubility at 100°C. The same holds true with starch-poly (vinyl acetate) grafted with acrylamide after saponification. Replacement of acrylamide with acrylonitrile results in polyblended material, the solubility of which never exceeds 20% after saponification.

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5

Waly, A., F. A. Abdel-Mohdy, and A. Hebeish. "Chemical Modification of Starch-Poly (Vinyl Acetate) Materials." Polymers and Polymer Composites 6, no. 3 (March 1998): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119800600306.

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Анотація:

Starch-poly (vinyl acetate) materials were prepared through polymerization of vinyl acetate with starch using a ferrous ammonium sulphate-hydrogen peroxide redox system. Carboxymethylation through reaction with monochloroacetic acid in presence of alkali and graft polymerization with acrylamide and acrylonitrile of a material having 23% graft and 43% homopolymer were studied. Carboxymethylation occurs during the saponification process of starch-poly (vinyl acetate) in the alkaline medium of sodium monochloroacetate through reaction of the latter with the hydroxyl groups of starch and PVA. On the other hand, grafting seems to proceed via starch macroradicals which are created through the attack of the decomposition products of the redox system on the starch hydroxyl. Carboxymethylation of starch-poly (vinyl acetate) gives polyblended materials which exhibit 100% solubility at 100°C. The same holds true with starch-poly (vinyl acetate) grafted with acrylamide after saponification. Replacement of acrylamide with acrylonitrile results in polyblended material, the solubility of which never exceeds 20% after saponification.

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6

Liu, Bin, Jiangying Kuang, Leishan Shao, Xinyuan Che, Fei Wang, and Yinghan Wang. "Porous membranes based on poly(ether imide)-graft-poly(vinyl acetate) as a scaffold for cell growth." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 33, no. 2 (August 18, 2017): 178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911517723038.

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A series of poly(ether imide)-graft-poly(vinyl acetate) copolymers with different molecular weights were synthesized successfully and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. These copolymers were used to fabricate honeycomb-structured porous films using the breath figure templating technique. The surface topology and composition of the highly ordered pattern film were further characterized using a scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the poly(ether imide)-graft-poly(vinyl acetate) graft molecular weight ratio influenced the breath figure film surface topology. A model was proposed to elucidate the stabilization process of the poly(ether imide)-graft-poly(vinyl acetate)-aggregated architecture on the water droplet–based templates. In addition, cell viability has been investigated via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test, and the cell morphology on the honeycomb-structured poly(ether imide)-graft-poly(vinyl acetate) porous film has been evaluated using a fluorescence microscope. This porous film is shown to be suitable as a matrix for cell growth.

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7

Jung, Hye Min, Eun Mi Lee, Byung Chul Ji, Sung Ok Sohn, Han Do Ghim, Hyunju Cho, Young A. Han, Jin Hyun Choi, Jae Deuk Yun, and Jeong Hyun Yeum. "Preparation of poly(vinyl acetate)/clay and poly(vinyl acetate)/poly(vinyl alcohol)/clay microspheres." Fibers and Polymers 7, no. 3 (September 2006): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02875677.

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8

Wang, HeYing, Fang Xu, Kun Cui, Hao Zhang, Jin Huang, QiaoLing Zhao, Tao Jiang, and Zhi Ma. "Synthesis of polymethylene-b-poly(vinyl acetate) block copolymer via visible light induced radical polymerization and its application." RSC Advances 7, no. 67 (2017): 42484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra06908a.

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9

Ha, Chang-Sik, Won-Ki Lee, Tae-Woo Roe, and Won-Jei Cho. "Compatibility of nylon 6 with poly(vinyl alcohol), hydroxylated poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl acetate)." Polymer Bulletin 31, no. 3 (September 1993): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00692964.

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10

Muller, Julien, Franck Marchandeau, Bénédicte Prelot, Jerzy Zajac, Jean-Jacques Robin, and Sophie Monge. "Self-organization in water of well-defined amphiphilic poly(vinyl acetate)-b-poly(vinyl alcohol) diblock copolymers." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 16 (2015): 3063–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py00091b.

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11

Ramesh S, Ramesh S., and Punithamoorthy K. Punithamoorthy K. "Synthesis And Characterization Of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (Eva) / Poly Urethane Acrylate (Pua) Nano Clay Composites." International Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2012/3.

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12

Xie, Jinchun, Hongfu Yuan, Chunfeng Song, Xiangjun Yan, Hao Yan, and Xiaoyu Li. "Online determination of chemical and physical properties of poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) pellets using a novel method of near-infrared spectroscopy combined with angle transformation." Analytical Methods 11, no. 18 (2019): 2435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay00475k.

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13

Souriyan-Reyhani pour, Hamed, Ramin Khajavi, Mohammad Esmaeil Yazdanshenas, Payam Zahedi, and Mohammad Mirjalili. "Cellulose acetate/poly(vinyl alcohol) hybrid fibrous mat containing tetracycline hydrochloride and phenytoin sodium: Morphology, drug release, antibacterial, and cell culture studies." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 33, no. 6 (May 31, 2018): 597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911518779186.

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The objective of this study was to introduce an electrospun hybrid fibrous mat (a dual-fiber drug delivery system) based on cellulose acetate and poly(vinyl alcohol) containing tetracycline hydrochloride and phenytoin sodium, respectively. Characterization of samples was carried by morphology, drug release, cell cytotoxicity, adhesion, antibacterial property, and wettability investigations. The results showed a uniform shape and a narrow diameter distribution of fibers (between 160 ± 20 nm) for fabricated cellulose acetate/poly(vinyl alcohol) hybrid fibrous mat. The tetracycline hydrochloride release from cellulose acetate significantly decreased due to gel formation of poly(vinyl alcohol) in aqueous media. The best fit for drug release kinetic of hybrid sample was Higuchi model. Sample with tetracycline hydrochloride and phenytoin sodium drugs showed improved cell growth, viability, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (~89%) and Staphylococcus aureus (~98%) in comparison with sample without drugs. The hydrophilic property of cellulose acetate/poly(vinyl alcohol) fibrous sample containing the drugs was also remarkable (~45°). To consider the obtained results, the presented hybrid fibrous mat shows a high potent for biomedical applications.

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14

Makhetha, TA, K. Mpitso, and AS Luyt. "Preparation and characterization of EVA/PLA/sugarcane bagasse composites for water purification." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 9 (October 18, 2016): 1169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316675399.

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Poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate blends and poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate/sugarcane bagasse composites were prepared by melt mixing. The lower viscosity of poly(lactic acid), the lower interfacial tension between poly(lactic acid) and sugarcane bagasse, and the wetting coefficient of poly(lactic acid)/sugarcane bagasse being larger than one, all suggested that sugarcane bagasse would preferably be in contact with poly(lactic acid). A fairly good dispersion of sugarcane bagasse was observed in the composites. Exposed fibre ends were observed in the composite micrographs, which were believed to add to the efficiency of metal adsorption. The impact properties depended more on the poly(lactic acid):ethylene vinyl acetate ratio than on the presence of sugarcane bagasse. The poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate blends showed two melting peaks at approximately the same temperatures as those of the neat polymers, which confirms the complete immiscibility of poly(lactic acid) and ethylene vinyl acetate at all the investigated compositions. Sugarcane bagasse-related weight loss occurred at higher temperatures for sugarcane bagasse in the composites, which could have been the result of the sugarcane bagasse being protected by the polymers, or a delay in the diffusion of the sugarcane bagasse decomposition products out of the sample. Water absorption increased with an increase in sugarcane bagasse loading in the composites. More lead was adsorbed than one would expect if the partial coverage of the fibre by the polymer is taken into account, and therefore it may be assumed that some of the lead was trapped inside the cavities in the composites and that the polymers may also have played a role in the metal complexation process, since both polymers have functional groups that could interact with the lead ions. The metal impurities underwent monolayer adsorption.

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15

Schlappa, Stephanie, Lee Josephine Brenker, Lena Bressel, Roland Hass, and Marvin Münzberg. "Process Characterization of Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsions Applying Inline Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy at High Solid Contents." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040669.

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The high solids semicontinuous emulsion polymerization of polyvinyl acetate using poly (vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) as protective colloid is investigated by optical spectroscopy. The suitability of Photon Density Wave (PDW) spectroscopy as inline Process Analytical Technology (PAT) for emulsion polymerization processes at high solid contents (>40% (w/w)) is studied and evaluated. Inline data on absorption and scattering in the dispersion is obtained in real-time. The radical polymerization of vinyl acetate to polyvinyl acetate using ascorbic acid and sodium persulfate as redox initiator system and poly (vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) as protective colloid is investigated. Starved–feed radical emulsion polymerization yielded particle sizes in the nanometer size regime. PDW spectroscopy is used to monitor the progress of polymerization by studying the absorption and scattering properties during the synthesis of dispersions with increasing monomer amount and correspondingly decreasing feed rate of protective colloid. Results are compared to particle sizes determined with offline dynamic light scattering (DLS) and static light scattering (SLS) during the synthesis.

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16

Ishijima, Takeshi, Yoshiki Mizumori, Kenji Kikuchi, Atsushi Suzuki, and Takuji Okaya. "Polymerization of vinyl acetate in fatty acids and properties of poly (vinyl alcohols) derived from the poly (vinyl acetates)." Colloid and Polymer Science 283, no. 7 (February 19, 2005): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-004-1239-4.

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17

Durmus, Ali, Mine B. Alanalp, and Ismail Aydin. "Investigation of morphological, rheological, and mechanical properties of cyclic olefin copolymer/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) blend films." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 34, no. 2 (May 17, 2017): 140–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087917709333.

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In this study, cyclic olefin copolymer/poly(ethylene- co-vinyl acetate) 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30 blends were prepared by melt processing in a twin screw extruder equipped with a cast film haul-off unit to make films. Microstructural, rheological, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties of film samples were investigated by various tests performed in scanning electron microscope, rotational rheometer, dynamic mechanical analyzer, and tensile test machine. We observed that the films exhibited characteristic immiscible “matrix–droplet” or “cocontinuous” blend morphology, depending on the sample composition. Based on the melt rheology and dynamic mechanical analyzer tests, we found that poly(ethylene- co-vinyl acetate) addition changed the viscoelastic properties of cyclic olefin copolymer such as increasing short-term creep strain and relaxation time but reducing relaxation rate in solid state. One can conclude that such effects became more pronounced by adding a compatibilizer (PE-g-MA) at 50% of poly(ethylene- co-vinyl acetate) present in the composition. We also found that poly(ethylene- co-vinyl acetate) addition into cyclic olefin copolymer reduced the Young’s modulus and yield stress and increased the strain at break for the blends.

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18

Wang, Lu, Wang, and Bai. "A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Fluorinated Polyurethane." Polymers 11, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091440.

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An alternating fluorinated copolymer based on chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) and butyl vinyl ether (BVE) was synthesized by RAFT/MADIX living/controlled polymerization in the presence of S-benzyl O-ethyl dithiocarbonate (BEDTC). Then, using the obtained poly(CTFE-alt-BVE) as a macro chain transfer agent (macro-CTA), a block copolymer was prepared by chain extension polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc). After a basic methanolysis process, the poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) block was transferred into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Finally, a novel fluorinated polyurethane with good surface properties due to the mobility of the flexible fluorinated polymer chains linked to the network was obtained via reaction of the copolymer bearing the blocks of PVA with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as a cross-linking agent.

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19

De Jager, Henk, and Gerrit Ten Brinke. "Miscibility of poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(vinyl acetate)." Macromolecules 24, no. 11 (May 1991): 3454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00011a065.

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20

Maynard, Heather D., Su-Ping Lyu, Glenn H. Fredrickson, Fred Wudl, and Bradley F. Chmelka. "Syntheses of nanophase-segregated poly(vinyl acetate)–poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(vinyl acetate)–poly(styrene) graft copolymers." Polymer 42, no. 18 (August 2001): 7567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00230-0.

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21

Xu, Jinqi, Mathew George, and Richard G. Weiss. "Photo-Fries rearrangements of 1-naphthyl (R)-2-phenylpropanoate in poly(vinyl acetate) and ethyl acetate: influence of medium polarity and polymer relaxation on motions of singlet radical pairs." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 78, no. 1 (March 2006): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652006000100005.

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Both the regio- and stereo-chemistries of the photoreactions of 1-naphthyl (R)-2-phenylpropanoate have been investigated in poly(vinyl acetate) films in their glassy (at 5ºC) and melted (at 50ºC) states and in ethyl acetate. These results are compared with those from irradiations in polyethylene films and in n-hexane. The regioselectivity of the intermediate 1-naphthoxy/(R)-2-phenylpropanoyl radical pair combinations is much higher in both the melt and glassy states of poly(vinyl acetate) films than that in the melt state of completely amorphous polyethylene films, but the stereoselectivity of intermediate prochiral 1-naphthoxy/1-phenylethyl radical pair combinations is much lower in poly(vinyl acetate). The results emphasize the need to control the ratio between the rates of radical tumbling and translation, as well as the ratio between the rates of in-cage motions and cage-escape, if high stereo- and regio-selectivities of combination products are to be achieved. A mechanistic picture of how the radicals of the intermediate pairs are affected by and interact with the various media is advanced.

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22

Markley, Thomas J., Robert K. Pinschmidt, and John W. Vanderhoff. "Grafting reactions of vinyl acetate onto poly[(vinyl alcohol)-co-(vinyl acetate)]." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34, no. 13 (September 30, 1996): 2581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19960930)34:13<2581::aid-pola4>3.0.co;2-v.

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23

Vaidergorin, Evelyne Y. L., M. Eunice R. Marcondes, and Vicente G. Toscano. "Photodegradation of poly(vinyl acetate)." Polymer Degradation and Stability 18, no. 4 (January 1987): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(87)90019-x.

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24

Thabet, F. S., A. M. AbdElbary, and G. M. Nasr. "Thermally stimulated depolarization current characteristic of EVA–conductive PPy composites." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319860891.

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Thermally stimulated depolarization current in pure poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) composites with different amounts of polypyrrole/carbon nanoparticles (of various weight ratios, 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, and 70:30) have been investigated at poling temperature 363 K using different polarizing voltage. Thermograms of pure and composite samples have two or three peaks over all temperature ranges depending on the polarizing voltage. The decrease in peak height with increased polarized voltage is observed in pure poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) samples loaded with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 30% polypyrrole due to the detrapping of the large amounts of charge results in electrode blocking and decrease in thermally stimulated depolarization current in those samples. The molecular parameters, such as activation energy E, charge released Q, and relaxation times τ0 and τ m for thermally stimulated depolarization current peaks have been estimated.

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25

Sato, Moriyuki, Ai Ooki, Isamu Inamura, and Yasuo Kubo. "Miscibility of Semirigid Liquid-Crystalline Polycarbonate with Poly(vinyl alcohol), Partially Saponified Poly(vinyl acetate) or Poly(vinyl acetate)." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 23, no. 5-6 (April 1, 2002): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3927(20020401)23:5/6<362::aid-marc362>3.0.co;2-6.

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26

SATO, Yoshio, Hiroshi INOMAT, and Kunio ARAI. "Solubilities of fifteen organic substances in poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl acetate), and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 45, no. 3 (1988): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.45.287.

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27

Dionísio, Madalena S., Joaquim J. Moura-Ramos, and Graham Williams. "Molecular motions in poly(vinyl acetate) and in poly(vinyl acetate)p-nitroaniline mixtures." Polymer 34, no. 19 (January 1993): 4105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90674-y.

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28

Iwamoto, Reikichi, and Toshihiko Matsuda. "Interaction of water in polymers: Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) and poly(vinyl acetate)." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 43, no. 7 (2005): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.20368.

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29

Abdel-Mohdy, F. A., A. Waly, M. S. Ibrahim, and A. Hebeish. "Synthesis of Poly(Vinyl Acetate) - Chitin Graft Copolymers as a Base for Chitosan-Polyf(Vinyl Alcohol) Ion Exchangers." Engineering Plastics 6, no. 3 (January 1998): 147823919800600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919800600304.

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Graft polymerization of vinyl acetate with chitin was effected using either the ferrous ion/hydrogen peroxide redox system or gamma radiation for initiation. The polymerization reaction was studied with respect to graft yield, homopolymer yield and total conversion. Results imply that the redox initiation is superior to irradiation, since it gives a much higher graft yield. Conversion of chitin-g-poly (vinyl acetate) to chitosan-g-poly (vinyl alcohol) was expedited using 48% sodium hydroxide at 130°C for 3 h. The use of chitosan-g-poly (vinyl alcohol) as an ion-exchanger was examined. The capacity of this ion exchanger to adsorb heavy metal ions such as cupric and dichromate, as well as some dyestuffs was also studied. The results indicate that the copolymer under investigation is a potentially powerful ion exchanger that can be employed for heavy metals and dyestuff removal from wastewater effluents.

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30

Abdel-Mohdy, F. A., A. Waly, M. S. Ibrahim, and A. Hebeish. "Synthesis of Poly(Vinyl Acetate) - Chitin Graft Copolymers as a Base for Chitosan-Polyf(Vinyl Alcohol) Ion Exchangers." Polymers and Polymer Composites 6, no. 3 (March 1998): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119800600304.

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Graft polymerization of vinyl acetate with chitin was effected using either the ferrous ion/hydrogen peroxide redox system or gamma radiation for initiation. The polymerization reaction was studied with respect to graft yield, homopolymer yield and total conversion. Results imply that the redox initiation is superior to irradiation, since it gives a much higher graft yield. Conversion of chitin-g-poly (vinyl acetate) to chitosan-g-poly (vinyl alcohol) was expedited using 48% sodium hydroxide at 130°C for 3 h. The use of chitosan-g-poly (vinyl alcohol) as an ion-exchanger was examined. The capacity of this ion exchanger to adsorb heavy metal ions such as cupric and dichromate, as well as some dyestuffs was also studied. The results indicate that the copolymer under investigation is a potentially powerful ion exchanger that can be employed for heavy metals and dyestuff removal from wastewater effluents.

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31

Andonova, Velichka Y., George S. Georgiev, Ventsislava T. Georgieva, Nadia L. Petrova та Margarita Kasarova. "Indomethacin Nanoparticles for Applications in Liquid Ocular Formulations / Наночастицы С Индометацином Для Применения В Жидких Лекарственных Формах Для Глаз". Folia Medica 55, № 1 (1 січня 2013): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/folmed-2013-0009.

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Abstract Studies in recent years have consistently shown that polymeric drug nanocarriers can be used in drug release and drug delivery systems to treat eye disorders. To achieve effective control over drug delivery, it is of crucial importance what kind of polymer and which method for drug inclusion in the nanoscale carrier we choose and what conditions are needed for the performance of this process. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to produce poly(vinyl acetate) nanoparticles with indomethacin incorporated in them, assess the effect of time for dialysis of the residual monomer and initiator on the degree of incorporation of indomethacin in the nanoparticles and on the kinetics of its release, to include them in ophtalmic formulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Poly(vinyl acetate) nanoparticles with indomethacin were obtained by emulsion radical polymerization of vinyl acetate in the presence of indomethacin (in situ inclusion) and the absence of emulsifier. To release the residual monomer and initiator (ammonium persulfate) the obtained latexes were dialysed for 6, 9, 18 and 23 hours and then the nanoparticles were freeze-dried. Structural analysis was performed by transmission electronic microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. Release of indomethacin was observed using ultraviolet spectroscopy. RESULTS: We proved the delayed release of indomethacin from the poly(vinyl acetate) nanocarrier and the lack of chemical interaction between the polymer and indomethacin. After 9-hour dialysis the initiator and the residual vinyl acetate were removed from the nanoparticles, while the entrapped indomethacin kept therapeutic concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Dialysis for more than 6 and no more than 9 hours is recommended to remove the residual monomer and initiator when preparing indomethacin nanoparticles by in situ radical emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate, for inclusion in liquid ocular formulations.

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32

Ohnaga, Takashi, and Toshiaki Sato. "Synthesis of poly(vinyl acetate) macromonomers and preparation of poly(vinyl acetate) grafted copolymers and poly(vinyl alcohol) grafted copolymers." Polymer 37, no. 16 (August 1996): 3729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(96)00176-0.

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33

Galanopoulo, Paul, Pierre-Yves Dugas, Muriel Lansalot, and Franck D'Agosto. "Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(vinyl acetate) block copolymer particles with various morphologies via RAFT/MADIX aqueous emulsion PISA." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 23 (2020): 3922–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00467g.

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The polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) of amphiphilic diblock copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(vinyl acetate) in water was achieved through macromolecular design via interchange of xanthate (MADIX) polymerization in emulsion.

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34

Denisova, Yulia I., Alexey V. Roenko, Olga A. Adzhieva, Maria L. Gringolts, Georgiy A. Shandryuk, Alexander S. Peregudov, Eugene Sh Finkelshtein, and Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev. "Facile synthesis of norbornene–ethylene–vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol multiblock copolymers by the olefin cross-metathesis of polynorbornene with poly(5-acetoxy-1-octenylene)." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 44 (2020): 7063–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01167c.

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New norbornene−ethylene–vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol multiblock copolymers are synthesized via the olefin cross-metathesis reaction of polynorbornene with poly(5-acetoxy-1-octenylene) followed by CC bond hydrogenation and acetoxy group deprotection.

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35

Hayashi, Sadao, Akihiko Komatsu, and Toshihiro Hirai. "Seeded polymerization of vinyl acetate using monodisperse poly(vinyl acetate) latex particles." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27, no. 1 (January 15, 1989): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270114.

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36

Wang, Jun, Matthias Grünbacher, Simon Penner, Maged F. Bekheet, and Aleksander Gurlo. "Porous Silicon Oxycarbonitride Ceramics with Palladium and Pd2Si Nanoparticles for Dry Reforming of Methane." Polymers 14, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 3470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173470.

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Pd-containing precursor has been synthesized from palladium acetate and poly(vinly)silazane (Durazane 1800) in an ice bath under an argon atmosphere. The results of ATR-FTIR and NMR characterizations reveal the chemical reaction between palladium acetate and vinyl groups in poly(vinyl)silazane and the hydrolyzation reaction between –Si–H and –Si–CH=CH2 groups in poly(vinyl)silazane. The palladium nanoparticles are in situ formed in the synthesized precursors as confirmed by XRD, XPS, and TEM. Pd- and Pd2Si-containing SiOCN ceramic nanocomposites are obtained by pyrolysis of the synthesized precursors at 700 °C, 900 °C–1100 °C in an argon atmosphere. The pyrolyzed nanocomposites display good catalytic activity towards the dry reforming of methane. The sample pyrolyzed at 700 °C possesses the best catalytic performance, which can be attributed to the in situ formed palladium nanoparticles and high BET surface area of about 233 m2 g−1.

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37

Ting, S. R. Simon, Anthony M. Granville, Damien Quémener, Thomas P. Davis, Martina H. Stenzel, and Christopher Barner-Kowollik. "RAFT Chemistry and Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition: A Route to Block Copolymers of Vinyl Acetate and 6-O-Methacryloyl Mannose?" Australian Journal of Chemistry 60, no. 6 (2007): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch07089.

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The present communication explores a novel avenue to glycopolymer-block-poly(vinyl acetate) polymers by a combination of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) chemistry and Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (i.e., so-called ‘click’ chemistry) under mild reaction conditions. Such block copolymers are—because of the strongly disparate reactivity of the two monomers—otherwise not obtainable. Poly(vinyl acetate) that has an azide end group (Mn 6800 g mol–1, PDI 1.15) was treated with poly(6-O-methacryloyl mannose) (Mn 7600 g mol–1, PDI 1.11) in the presence of 1,8-diaza[5,4,0]bicycloundec-7-ene and copper(i) iodide. The resulting poly(vinyl acetate)-block-poly(6-O-methacryloyl mannose) had a number-average molecular weight of 15400 g mol–1 and a PDI of 1.48, which indicates that while the cycloaddition had occurred the resulting polymer distribution featured a considerable width. The resulting slightly amphiphilic block copolymer was subsequently investigated with regard to its self-assembly in aqueous solution. Dynamic light scattering studies indicated a hydrodynamic diameter of close to 200 nm. Transmission electron microscopy studies indicate the formation of rods as well as spheres with transitions between these two phases. However, the segregation between core and shell in the spheres is not pronounced; such behaviour is expected for weakly amphiphilic block copolymers.

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38

Tonnar, Jeff, Emmanuel Pouget, Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes, and Bernard Boutevin. "Synthesis of poly(vinyl acetate)-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly(vinyl acetate) triblock copolymers by iodine transfer polymerization." European Polymer Journal 44, no. 2 (February 2008): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.11.026.

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39

Rawal, Heta, and Surekha Devi. "Compatibility of Poly(styrene)/Poly(vinyl acetate) Blends." Polymer Journal 25, no. 12 (December 1993): 1215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.25.1215.

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40

Bartolini, Arianna, Paolo Tempesti, Claudio Resta, Debora Berti, Johan Smets, Yousef G. Aouad, and Piero Baglioni. "Poly(ethylene glycol)-graft-poly(vinyl acetate) single-chain nanoparticles for the encapsulation of small molecules." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 6 (2017): 4553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp07967a.

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Amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-graft-poly(vinyl acetate) copolymers with a low degree of grafting undergo self-folding in water driven by hydrophobic interactions, resulting in single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) possessing a hydrodynamic radius of about 10 nm.

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41

Bravar, M., J. Rolich, N. Ban, and V. Gnjatovic. "Studies of alcoholysis of poly (vinyl acetate) to poly (vinyl alcohol)." Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Symposia 47, no. 1 (March 8, 2007): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polc.5070470138.

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42

Horkay, Ferenc, Walther Burchard, Erik Geissler, and Anne Marie Hecht. "Thermodynamic properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate) hydrogels." Macromolecules 26, no. 6 (November 1993): 1296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00058a017.

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43

Calegari, Francyelle, Paulo Roberto de Oliveira, Luiz Humberto Marcolino Junior, and Márcio F. Bergamini. "A carbon black composite electrode for flow injection amperometric determination of hydrochlorothiazide." Analytical Methods 11, no. 18 (2019): 2422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay00555b.

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44

Xiao, Weiwei. "Polypropylene/poly(vinyl acetate) blend fiber." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 52, no. 8 (May 23, 1994): 1023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070520803.

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45

Canelas, Dorian A., Douglas E. Betts, Joseph M. DeSimone, Matthew Z. Yates, and Keith P. Johnston. "Poly(vinyl acetate) and Poly(vinyl acetate-co-ethylene) Latexes via Dispersion Polymerizations in Carbon Dioxide." Macromolecules 31, no. 20 (October 1998): 6794–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma980596z.

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46

De Souza, Cláudia M. G., and Maria Inês B. Tavares. "Solid-state NMR and morphological studies of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)/poly(vinyl acetate) blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 74, no. 12 (December 13, 1999): 2990–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4628(19991213)74:12<2990::aid-app26>3.0.co;2-f.

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47

De Souza, Cláudia M. G., and Maria Inês B. Tavares. "Solid-state NMR and morphological studies of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)/poly(vinyl acetate) blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 74, no. 12 (December 13, 1999): 2990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19991213)74:12<2990::aid-app26>3.0.co;2-f.

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48

Reddy, M. Mohan, G. Jayasimha Reddy, and S. Venkata Naidu. "Miscibility Studies of Poly (vinyl acetate) and Cellulose Acetate." International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials 55, no. 12 (September 22, 2006): 1171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914030600692570.

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49

Li, Na, Dongdong Ding, Xiangqiang Pan, Zhengbiao Zhang, Jian Zhu, Cyrille Boyer, and Xiulin Zhu. "Temperature programed photo-induced RAFT polymerization of stereo-block copolymers of poly(vinyl acetate)." Polym. Chem. 8, no. 39 (2017): 6024–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01531c.

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50

Tonnar, Jeff, Emmanuel Pouget, Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes, and Bernard Boutevin. "Synthesis of Poly(vinyl acetate)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(vinyl acetate) Copolymers by Iodine Transfer Photopolymerization in Miniemulsion." Macromolecular Symposia 281, no. 1 (July 2009): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200950703.

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