Дисертації з теми "Pollution COV"
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DANG, VAN JACQUELINE. "Traitement et recuperation de composes organiques volatils (cov) faiblement concentres, contenus dans un effluent gazeux." Toulouse, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAT0014.
Повний текст джерелаPalluau, Fabienne. "Mise au point et optimisation des techniques de prélèvement et d'analyse des composés organiques volatils (COV) dans l'atmosphère : Etude de l'influence de facteurs climatiques et de l'ozone sur les teneurs mesurées en COV." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13162.
Повний текст джерелаGuillemot, Marianne. "Elimination de composés organiques volatils (COV) chlorés sur zéolithes par couplage adsorption-oxydation catalytique." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2286.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is focused on tetrachloroethylene (PCE) adsorption over faujasite type zeolites, in static and dynamic conditions, in dry and humid environment. In addition, catalytic oxidation of PCE over zeolite FAU based catalyst exchanged or not with platinum was studied. Lastly, PCE removal was carried out over dual functional adsorbent/catalyst system. The elimination of methylethylketone (MEK) was also performed by single adsorption and oxidation, and using adsorbent/catalyst media
Boudouch, Otmane. "Étude de la dépollution des sols par extraction sous pression réduite : application au traitement des COV." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0107/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSoil Vapour Extraction (SVE), which includes gas extraction and/or gas injection, is the primary method used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from unsaturated subsurface porous media. The widespread use of SVE is due to its above ground simplicity of operation and proven ability to remove contaminant mass inexpensively relative to competing technologies. The objectives of this study may be summarized as follow: - Characterisation of the more appropriate method to determine horizontal and vertical soil air permeability components. - Study of the evolution of soil air permeability as a function of liquids saturation degree. - Verification of the validity or not of the use of unidirectional columns in extraction systems design based on attainment of a critical pore-gas velocity. To accomplish these objectives, a laboratory pilot was designed and realised, a series of experimental tests was conducted and literature models have been used. Results showed that the more appropriate method to determine soil air permeability is the one which involve stationary state in an open soil and that results obtained with a unidirectional column related to critical air velocity can not be extrapolated to field scale as it's currently done
Reguer, Anne. "Etude de couplage de procédés pour l’élimination des COV en atmosphère confinée." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3016.
Повний текст джерелаThe confined air in work and living places contains many pollutants at very low concentrations. So, the improvement of indoor air quality requires its treatment. This thesis deals with the study of a process coupling biofiltration by a green waste compost and adsorption onto activated carbon. The effectiveness of a process implementing a biofiltration stage followed by an adsorption stage, fed with a toluene micropolluted effluent, exhibiting peaks of concentration during a few hours every day, has been experimentally evaluated. At those levels of concentration, it appears that the removal efficiency of the biofilter is very high, but sensitive to brutal changes in pollutant mass loading. But the following adsorption stage contributes to maintain a high global treatment efficiency. An additional experiment implementing the treatment of a micropolluted effluent by several biofiltration columns has shown the development of microorganisms on compost. The amount of ammonium and the moisture content are two parameters liable to reduce the performances and the lifetime of the medium, and so have to be controlled. The experimental study of the adsorption of toluene onto activated carbon, at very low concentrations, as encountered indoor, leads to the determination of the Henry coefficient and the adsorption and desorption kinetic parameters of Thomas’ model. The modelling underlines that at those low concentrations, the desorption phenomenon seems to be slower than at high concentrations, and that an equilibrium model cannot fit the experimental breakthrough curve data : the global kinetic has to be taken into account
Detournay, Anaïs. "Etude de COV oxygénés et biogéniques en milieu rural : du développement métrologique à l’évaluation de l’impact sur la chimie atmosphérique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10139/document.
Повний текст джерелаVolatile Organic Compounds (VOC) constitutes a heterogeneous compounds class, which play a significant part in atmospheric chemistry, impacting climate, environment and health. Recent studies have suggested the implication of biogenic and oxygenated VOCs in the formation processes of secondary species, such as ozone or Secondary Organic Aerosols. Little is known about those compounds, well represented in remote areas; mostly toward their ambient levels and diurnal and seasonal evolutions. This thesis’ objectives are to improve the current knowledge about their behavior in remote areas, for a better understanding of their part in atmospheric chemistry. The method adopted consisted in metrological development and field campaigns, to constitute a representative data base. Measurement methods were optimized and/or developed for the measure of: 54 NMHCs from C2 to C10, using préconcentration/thermodesorption coupled with GC/FID on-line analysis; 21 carbonyl compounds from C1 to C6, by chemical derivatization and chemical desorption coupled with HPLC/UV analysis; and 5 aromatic compounds, 6 aldehydes from C6 to C11, 6 monoterpenes and 6 alkanes from C9 to C16; by preconcentration coupled with thermodesorption and GC/FID-MS analysis. Those methods were used during two measurement campaigns, in March and June 2009, at the remote site of Peyrusse-Vieille (Gers, France). They permitted to collect an important database, whose analysis allowed determining the target compounds’ ambient levels, temporal variations, and the parameters inducing these observations. A thorough analysis then underlined the part transport mechanisms and importance of biogenic species in remote areas
Heymes, Frédéric. "Traitement d'air chargé en COV [composés organiques volatils] hydrophobes par un procédé hybride : Absorption-pervaporation." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20032.
Повний текст джерелаAyrault, Cécile. "Oxydation catalytique de composés organiques volatils (COV) par un procédé associant un plasma froid et un catalyseur." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2260.
Повний текст джерелаThese works fit in the frame of the cleaning-up atmosphere and smell nuisances. The elimination of those VOC can be reached through few pathways, catalytic oxidation being a very efficient technique. Our study concerns the elimination of a smells model molecule: the 2-heptanone. Its catalytic oxidation was studied through base metal oxide or noble metal catalysts supported on a honeycomb monolith. We reported that a platinum-based catalyst was very effective at 200ʿC. The joint use of non-thermal plasma and a catalyst lead the system to work at the environment temperature, with a remarkable effectiveness. More systems associating non-thermal plasma with a catalyst have been studied and characterized (energy balance and elimination effectiveness). However, the ozone formation analyzed through these kinds of systems needs the use of ozone-destruction catalyst, for an eventual domestic application. Finally, these works lead to the elaboration of an industrial prototype, whose development is fat-forward at the moment
Kaluzny, Pascal. "Étude du piégeage de composés chlorés et/ou fluorés en C1 et C2 : réactivité de ces produits dans l'atmosphère." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10230.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, Rafaela Souza. "Estudo da composição de material particulado e compostos orgânicos voláteis no ar em Catalão - GO." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5121.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The issue of pollution is not new. The burning of biomass used for heat generation already was beginning to anthropogenic processes of air pollution. The pollutants are in the atmosphere in solid, liquid and gaseous state. The set of solid and liquid particles is called particulate matter (PM), and the other form the set of gaseous pollutants. The MP covers a range of 0.1-100 microns and varies greatly in size composition, emission sources and adverse effects on health. The gaseous compounds are formed mostly of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are organic compounds which are gaseous at room temperature. These pollutants can be emitted by natural and anthropogenic sources, among which stand out the combustion processes and soil dust resuspension by wind action. The city of Catalão - GO has grown greatly in recent years, mainly due to the arrival of mining in the city exploring the carbonatite complexes Catalão I and Catalão II. The aim of this study was to monitor the atmospheric air in a region of the city of Catalan through the sampling and analysis of PM and VOCs. Samples MP, which occurred every six days over a period of 24 hours, were carried out for TSP, PM10 and PM2,5 in HI-VOL samplers suitable for each particle size. Gravimetric analysis indicated that the measured concentrations are in accordance with the standards set by law. The elementary MP analysis was performed by EDXRF technique and indicated that the elements present are mostly from vehicle emissions and resuspended soil dust by the wind. Sampling was performed by VOCs microextraction technique of solid phase (SPME - solid phase microextraction) twice a week for 12 hours. The analysis of the sampled VOCs was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC / MS - gas chromatography mass spectrometry) in which the compounds were identified by comparison with a NIST library / MS (National Institute of Standards and Technology / Mass Spectral) present in the equipment. The identification of these compounds indicated a strong influence of vehicle emissions in the composition of atmospheric air.
A questão da poluição não é algo recente. A queima de biomassa utilizada para geração de calor já dava início aos processos antrópicos de poluição atmosférica. Os poluentes encontram-se na atmosfera nos estados sólido, líquido e gasoso. O conjunto das partículas sólidas e líquidas constitui o chamado material particulado (MP), e as demais formam o conjunto de poluentes gasosos. O MP abrange uma faixa de tamanho entre 0,1-100 e varia em tamanho, composição, fontes de emissão e efeitos adversos causados a saúde. Os compostos gasosos são formados em sua maioria pelos compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs), que são compostos orgânicos que encontram-se no estado gasoso em temperatura ambiente. Esses poluentes podem ser lançados na atmosfera por fontes naturais e antrópicas, dentre as quais destacam-se os processos de combustão e ressuspensão da poeira do solo por ação dos ventos. A cidade de Catalão GO tem crescido bastante nos últimos anos, principalmente devido a chegada de mineradoras na cidade que exploram os complexos carbonatíticos de Catalão I e Catalão II. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o monitoramento do ar atmosférico em uma região da cidade de Catalão pela amostragem e análise de MP e COVs. As amostragens de MP, que aconteceram a cada seis dias por um período de 24 horas, foram realizadas para PTS, MP10 e MP2,5 em amostradores de grande volume adequados para cada tamanho de partícula. A análise gravimétrica indicou que os as concentrações medidas estão de acordo com os padrões definidos pela legislação. A análise elementar do MP foi realizada pela técnica de EDXRF e indicou que os elementos presentes são, em sua maioria, provenientes da emissão veicular e poeira ressuspensa do solo pela ação dos ventos. A amostragem dos COVs foi realizada pela técnica de microextração por fase sólida (SPME do inglês solid phase microextraction), duas vezes por semana por 12 horas. A análise dos COVs amostrados foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (GC / MS - do inglês gas chromatography mass spectrometry) em que os compostos foram identificados por comparação com a biblioteca NIST / MS (Nacional Institute of Standard and Technology / Mass Spectral) presente no equipamento. A identificação desses compostos indicou uma forte influência das emissões veiculares na composição do ar atmosférico.
Le, Bechec Mickael. "Pollution de l’air intérieur : mesure, impact sur la santé et traitement par méthodes photochimiques." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe increase of human population, the modern agriculture and industrial development generate air pollution, which is nowadays worrying for health and environment. Since several decades, outdoor air pollution has been regulated giving rise a global decrease of pollution in the most important European cities. However indoor air pollution was neglected for a long time. Indeed with development of composite materials for building and furnishing, the number of air pollutants strongly increased together with their concentrations. Several studies have thus demonstrated that numerous volatile organic compounds (VOC) were detected indoor at much higher concentration than outdoor. Moreover, due to the modification of sedentary and urban lifestyles, the time spent in confined spaces like housing, working places and public transportation increases. It is less and less satisfactory to simply renew indoor air with outdoor air in most of urban agglomerations. Accordingly, new processes for air treatment are developed in order to decrease indoor air pollutant concentrations while limiting energetic consumption. Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process potentially interesting for VOC removal. After a short reminder on the societal context of atmospheric pollution, measurement and treatment methods are presented in chapters I and II. The following chapter gathers the results obtained on the development of new photocatalytic materials and on the measure of their efficiency. The first part of this chapter is devoted to an overview of photocatalytic reactors for gas solid reactions and summarizes the numerous problems arising from the comparison of different materials under various conditions, which are not always similar. In the second part, a composite material made of titanium dioxide encapsulated in a polymer film is characterized and used for the oxidation of a volatile compound used for agricultural fumigation, dimethyl disulfide. The spectroscopic analysis led to the optimization of the material as a function of its thickness and its titanium dioxide loading. A second innovative photocatalytic material made of pure TiO2 fibers is characterized by its mineralization ability of representative indoor air VOC (acetone, heptane, and toluene). The performance of this material is compared to that of a commercial one, Quartzel ® made of TiO2 deposited on quartz fibers, under strictly identical conditions. The two last parts of this chapter are at the interface between photochemistry and biology. In a first strep, bacterial inactivation by a smart textile where titanium dioxide particles coupled with a photosensitizer is studded under visible light. In the last part, the impact of indoor air pollution on skin cells is presented. A dedicated device allowing keratinocytes culture cells and skin biopsies exposures to controlled VOC concentrations is developed. It is thus possible to evidence and to determine the origin of the cellular response to this environmental stress. At last, new research projects for a near future are then presented. They concern the determination of reactive oxygen species involved in photochemical reactions and the development of new hybrid polymers encapsulating photosensitizing molecules. Prospective ideas at the interface of photochemistry and biology conclude this memory
Duclaux, Olivier. "Traitement par oxydation catalytique de composés organiques volatils (COV) présents dans l'air de ventilation de fosses à déchets." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10199.
Повний текст джерелаErable, Benjamin. "Nouveau procédé de traitement de composés organiques volatils (COV) par biofiltration solide-gaz : application à la transformation des composés halogénés volatils par des micro-organismes déshydratés." La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROS145.
Повний текст джерелаVOCs are undesirable atmospheric pollutants. However, the quality of the air became a major stake of our modern society. This awakening thus lead the industrialists to propose innovating processes of treatment to fight against the atmospheric emissions. The gas phase transformation of VOCs by dehydrated micro-organisms represents a new concept in bioremediation. For the first time, it was highlighted the possibility of using dehydrated bacteria such as Rhodococcus erythropolis NCIMB 13064 or Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 to transform volatile halogenated compounds into their corresponding alcohols in a solid/gaz biofilter. Works on a model reaction made it possible to optimize the cleansing activity of these bacteria. Various pretreatments were carried out on the bacteria in order to improve their catalytic performance in the biofilter. The bacteria undergo a permeabilization of their wall (by ultrasounds or lysozyme) before dehydration. Then, directly in the system of remediation, the bacteria are treated during a few minutes or uninterrupted with a basic gas flow (amoniaque for example) in closed loop. These treatments are essential for the stability of biological catalyst because they avoid the accumulation of chlorydric acid in the biofilter. The extension of the studies to other pollutants of the same family showed as the capacity of transformation of the solid/gaz biofilter is more efficient for the insoluble halogenated compounds
Bardet, Gaëlle. "Modèles in vitro adaptés à l’étude de la relation entre la pollution de l’air intérieur et la santé respiratoire, application aux Composés Organiques Volatils (COV)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB140/document.
Повний текст джерелаIncrease of respiratory diseases since the second half of the 20th century and emergence of specific symptoms related to closed environments contributed to suspect indoor air pollution, in particular volatile organic compounds (VOC), as a risk factor in the onset of these diseases. Epidemiological and experimental approaches are useful to determine its sources, determinants and effects on the human respiratory tract. Current experimental policies favor replacing animal experiments by alternative methods like in vitro methodologies, for economic and ethical reasons. Until now, in vitro models have been poorly developed to study environmental pollutants on respiratory cells. The objective of our work was to propose an experimental approach adapted to the study of the impact of environmental pollutants, particularly VOC, on human nasal epithelial cells. The strength of this work is to set up a methodology close to actual conditions of exposure, and apply them to indoor environment atmospheres. The methodology developed aimed to study reconstituted epithelium coming from primary culture of nasal cells, composed of several cell types, close to human respiratory epithelium; generate atmosphere charged with mono (formaldehyde) or multi-pollutant (VOC paint), and especially its analytical control (an essential step to validate our experimental approach); and repeated exposure (3 per week, until to two hours, over a total period of one month) at air-liquid interface without loss of cellular integrity, in dynamic conditions (under airflow) for gaseous pollutants, or static (without airflow) for particles. The setup of a morphological and histological approach allowed to complete biological effect (inflammatory response). Gaseous formaldehyde exposure at low concentration had no effect on inflammatory markers. VOC exposures on selected reconstituted epithelium (MucilAirTM, Epithelix Company) showed a decreased release of IL-8 depending on the dose and the number of exposure, without tissue damage. The mechanism of this effect needs to be further investigated. Responsiveness of the model, in terms of inflammation and structural changes of the epithelium was validated by assessing complex environmental mixture (tobacco smoke particles). Our innovative in vitro approach can be extended to the study of other multi-pollutant atmospheres (chemical, physical and biological) in order to get close to the actual conditions of exposure, but also by using other target organs
Silva, Moacir Ferreira da. "Reatividade fotoquímica da atmosfera de Cubatão e a influência de fontes exógenas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-02042013-111100/.
Повний текст джерелаObjective. Demonstrate that critical episode occurrences of air pollution are influenced by external input of pollutants that participate in the processes of atmospheric photochemical reagent formation and removal. Methods. The study involved meteorological data collection and processing of pollutant concentration data gathered by the air quality monitoring network. Campaigns of passive sampling of O and active sampling of VOCs, aldehydes and ethanol in the atmosphere of the region were also performed. The O 3 sampling was conducted with the Ogawa ® type samplers and the concentrations were determined by ion chromatography with electrical conductivity detector. VOCs sampling was performed using steel tubes containing Tenax GR adsorbent, and quantification was done by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Aldehyde sampling was performed with silica gel cartridges coated with 2,4 DNPH and quantification done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detector (UV / VIS). Ethanol sampling was performed with florisil coated cartridges and quantification by flame ionization detector. The transport of air masses was analyzed based on Backward trajectories calculated by the model STILT. Interpretation of the data was performed using descriptive statistics, boxplots, correlation analysis and multivariate analysis (clusters). Results. Most episodes of Ozone exceeding Air Quality Standards occurred in the summer, between 15h and 16h, with prevailing winds from S / SE and with velocities greater than 2.5 ms -1 , typical of day periods (sea breeze). Major ozone precursor organic species are: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, toluene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, m-xylene, ethanol, xylene, ethylbenzene, 1,3,5trimethylbenzene and benzene. The retro trajectory of air masses arriving at Cubatão-Center proved the influence of exogenous emissions. Results in the mesoscale circulation given by model simulation by BRAMS, agree with the results obtained by JAESCHKE (1997), showing that only a portion of the average concentration of pollutants Cubatão-Centro was due to local sources, with the rest resulting from the transport of masses, with the occurrence of high concentrations of pollutants resulting when flow directions are from NW (land breeze) and SE (sea breeze).
Tatin, Romuald. "Absorption physique de Composés Organiques Volatils par pulvérisation d'émulsion d'huile dans l'eau. Etude thermodynamique et hydrodynamique : Application au calcul des efficacités d'abattement de COV sur effluents synthétiques et réels." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000438/.
Повний текст джерелаVolatile organic compounds (VOC) can be foul-smelling, carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic. The odour pollution is the second cause of complaint. The first one is the noise pollution. Consequently, rules concerning industrial gas emission are more and more strict. Wastewater treatment plants emit lipophile VOCs. The classical spray water tower using chemical reagents is not effective to remove those lipophile compounds. As a result, expensive catalytic oxidizers are needed to remove completely those compounds. This study outlines an innovative process. Our innovative spray tower is a low energy scrubber consisting of an empty cylindrical vessel and nozzles spraying oil/water emulsion into the vessel. Emulsion spraying into a spray tower facilitates oil transport, improves interfacial area (oil coats water droplets), increases turbulent flow regime enhancing mass transfer, and absorbs lipophile compounds as well as hydrophile compounds. The following items were studied in this work: the choice of the organic absorbent (thermal and mechanical stability, non-biodegradable, insoluble in water, low value of the Henry’s constant), gas-liquid mass transfer; and hydrodynamic of the gas-liquid contactor. At the end of this study, silicone oil 47v350 has been chosen. Emulsion spraying enhances liquid mass transfer coefficient. A model describing the liquid saturation as a function of time has been performed. This oil has also been used to treat polluted air of an industrial site
Languille, Baptiste. "Caractérisation des variabilités temporelle et spatiale de la pollution en Île-de-France : De la mesure de l'exposition individuelle à la définition des sources." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV071/document.
Повний текст джерелаAir pollution results from a complex mixture of compounds, gases and particulate matter, whose effects have proven to be harmful. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a major role in atmospheric chemistry and are precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). In Île-de-France, exposure to pollution is a concern; however, significant uncertainties are still associated with the pollutants’ sources, as well as their intensity and variability at different time scales, and very few investigations have focused on quantifying personal exposure. In this context, this research sought to better characterize the temporal and spatial variabilities of pollution in Île-de-France.The questionable reliability of portable sensors has been addressed by the design of a selection and qualification protocol including various tests in static measurements, controlled chamber and mobility. This new methodology, based in particular on the use of a tool combining different statistical indicators, was applied to choose the AE51, Cairclip and Canarin, measuring black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM) respectively.These three sensors were deployed during measurement campaigns involving about thirty volunteers. The personal exposure thus quantified is higher in fall than in spring and varies substantially according to the different environments frequented. Proximity to road traffic (for BC and NO2) as well as cooking activities and tobacco smoke (for PM) make significant contributions to total exposure (up to 34 %, 26 % and 44 % respectively), even though the time spent in these environments is short.In addition to road traffic, BC is traditionally attributed to wood burning. A winter measurement campaign (3.5 months) attributed respectively 22 % and 47 % of the measured VOCs to these two sources. Compounds including benzenediol and methylbuteone were measured and associated with wood burning for the first time in ambient air. A comparison with the regional emissions inventory identified similarities as well as differences and suggested improvements
Lamallem, Mohamed. "Mesure de polluants atmosphériques dans la région de Fès (Maroc) : étude de matériaux à base d'or, de cérium et de titane pour une remédiation catalytique des COV." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0222.
Повний текст джерелаAs all the developing countries, Morocco also undergoes the unwanted effects of the atmospheric pollution caused essentially by the industrial activities and the transport. So, to be able to identify and quantify pollutants present in the urban air of Fez city, air sampling and punctual analyses of the ambient air were made. This was realized by using specific cartridges for every type disired pollutant and cartridges of “TENAX” and “DNPH” type. Whose contents where then analyzed by chromatographic techniques. These analyses allowed us to establish a first approach of the nature of pollutants and to estimate their content in the ambient air of the urban zone of Fez. This study allowed in particular to bring to light level of VOCs emitted mainly by transport. In the aim to reduce the emission of these pollutants in the atmosphere, a catalytic solution using materials containing gold would be possible and completely innovative. So, with the aim of combining the physico-chemical and catalytic properties of the gold, cerium and titanium, catalysts on base of these three elements were synthetized by various methods. All these solids so prepared were characterized by various techniques (BET, GTA-DTA, XRD, PER, DR / UV-Vis, H2-TPR et FTIR) to identify the nature active spices. Finally, the efficiency of these catalytic materials was studied in the propene total oxidation reaction. In the term of this study, it was shown that a good interaction between the support (Ce-Ti-O) and gold nanoparticlles under metallic shape was necessary to obtain successful catalysts in the reaction of total oxidation of the propene
Blasin-Aube, Vanessa. "Utilisation de catalyseurs de type pérovskite pour le traitement des Composés Organiques Volatils (COV) : étude de l'influence de la composition de l'effluent et de la formulation du catalyseur." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1440.
Повний текст джерелаAlvarez, Elsa. "Traitement de l'air habitacle par des matériaux hybrides de type Metal-Organic Frameworks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe indoor air pollution awareness of general public and the increasing demands of regulations / recommendations, combined with a need to stand out from the competition, make limiting the concentration of VOCs (VOCs : volatile organic compounds ) in the air cockpit crucial for the automotive industry. For example, inside a vehicle, the VOCs are originated from the outside air by combustion and evaporation of fuel. However, unlike other pollutants, it may also have an inner origin from the desorption of existing chemical substances used in the manufacture of the vehicle. Thus, the capture of VOCs by adsorption is one of the challenging techniques today. In this context, activated carbon and zeolite based VOC abatement are effective and least expensive but suffers some limitations in stability, selectivity and regeneration. The aim of this thesis was to study an alternative class of 'hybrid' adsorbents i.e. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). These porous crystalline materials are built by the association of inorganic bricks connected by organic ligands. They have highly tunable structural diversity,chemical composition (metal:ligand) and porosity (pore size, surface area and pore volume). Moreover, they possess almost infinite ability to vary both the metal center and the organic ligand that is not found at this level in zeolites and activated carbons. The work was to evaluate the performance of a series of ten MOFs, having diverse architecture (size and shape of the pores, rigid or flexible networks ...), chemical properties (acidity, redox, hydrophilic / hydrophobic, ...) and stability (water temperature). In addition to the usual characterization (X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, porosimetry N2 at 77K), Infra-Red spectroscopy operando was performed to simulate the behavior of these MOFs in the presence of VOCs in conditions as close as possible to the reality. Furthermore, the most promising adsorbents were scaled up (50-100 g) and formatted/fabricated as pellets and tested for environmental simulation chamber
Monteiro, Mônica Domingues. "Avaliação das concentrações de BTEX em ambiente indoor: estudo de caso da sala de spinning de uma academia de ginástica Rio de Janeiro / RJ." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4477.
Повний текст джерелаIn many gyms work-out activities take place in small enclosed rooms where the climate is controlled artificially. Normally, those rooms are full of students doing their workout and trainers helping them. Intense human transpiration requires a frequent floor and equipment cleaning routine. This routine, performed at short intervals can affect the indoor air quality. This study is aimed at showing varying concentration levels of the BTEX air pollutant at a gym in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, specifically the spinning room. To monitor the air quality, activated charcoal cartridges (SKC) were used, coupled to a KNF pump with a flow rate of 1l min. For the extraction of each sample, a gas chromatographic analysis machine model 6890 was used coupled to an Agilent mass spectrometer model 5973. We analyzed a total of 34 air samples collected in the spinning room during active aerobic classes; the increased respiration from the subjects allow for a greater inhalation of VOCs. In Contrast, five samples were also collected outdoors; four of them were paired indoor / outdoor for comparative analysis of these pollutants. Among the volatile organic compounds analyzed, toluene was the most abundant BTEX found in this study, representing 81% of indoor VOCs. In all the indoor / outdoor paired samples, the concentration was higher in the interior samples, with one exception, benzene on 3/12/2010. Simple changes that can easily be done by man, such as the installation of rubberized flooring, regular maintenance of the air acclimatization equipment, and general cleanliness can greatly affect the indoor air quality. The conclusion achieved after looking at the BTEX measurements was that the indoor air was more polluted than the air outdoors. This air quality monitoring is still scarce in Brazil. Some efforts have been made in relation to confined spaces such as Ordinance n˚ 3523 from the Ministry of Health, which regulates the air of air-conditioned environments and Resolution n˚ 9 of the National Agency for Sanitary Vigilance, as well as Resolution CONAMA n˚ 3 by setting standards for air quality for some chemical compounds, unfortunately many chemical compounds are not yet legislated or receive proper attention in this matter, therefore not giving this indoor air pollution matter enough grounds to address the complexity of the subject
Carrasco, Nathalie. "Etude, en atmosphère simulée, de la réactivité de trois composés biotiques d' impact atmosphérique majeur : l' isoprène, le MBO et le sabinène." Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011147.
Повний текст джерелаMajoli, Laetitia. "Elaboration, caractérisation et étude des performances de nouveaux adsorbants hydrophobes : application aux atmosphères odorantes et / ou chargées en composés organiques volatils (COV)." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790773.
Повний текст джерелаBaudic, Alexia. "Caractérisation expérimentale et statistique des sources de Composés Organiques Volatils (COV) en région Île-de-France." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS537/document.
Повний текст джерелаVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a key role within the atmospheric system acting as precursors of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols (causing health and climatic impacts); hence the growing interest of better characterizing them. Significant uncertainties are still associated with compounds speciation, quantification and respective contributions from the different emission sources.This thesis proposes, through several laboratory and intensive field campaigns, a detailed characterization of VOCs and their main emissions sources within the Île-de-France region. We used methods based on the determination of speciation profiles indicative of road traffic, wood burning and natural gas sources obtained from near-field investigations (inside a tunnel, at a fireplace and from a domestic gas flue). These different source profiles were used as chemical fingerprints for the identification of the main VOC emission sources, which respective contributions were estimated using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source-receptor model applied to one-year VOCs (including NMHC+OVOC) measurements in Paris. This thesis allowed, for the first time, to evaluate the seasonal variability of VOCs and their main emission sources. Road traffic-related emissions are major VOC local/regional sources in Paris (contributing to a quarter of total annual emissions). The important impact of wood burning in winter (50 % of the VOC total mass) was observed. Results obtained from this approach were compared with the regional emissions inventory provided by the air quality monitoring network Airparif. Finally, a good agreement was found between our observations and the inventory for road traffic and wood burning-related sources.This independent assessment of inventories is of great interest because they are currently used as input data within air quality prediction models
Beghi, Sandra. "Analyse de composés organiques volatils prélevés en milieu humide : développement d'une méthode d'élimination de l'humidité des échantillons." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785988.
Повний текст джерелаXiang, Yang. "Analyse dynamique en champ proche de la contribution des sources de composés organiques volatils, en région urbaine sous influence industrielle." Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0408.
Повний текст джерелаRecently, sources apportionment of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) has been the subject of a great numbers of studies, in order to determine their contributions to atmospheric pollution. However, the dynamical behavior of atmosphere, within its micro-meteorological scale, has never been taken into account in the sources-receptor approach, yet it is the main factor to interpret near-field physic-chemical measurements of air pollution, in an urban area under industrial influences. The complexity of such a study area results from not only the emission modes and the various industrial activities, but also the meteorological phenomenon in multi-scale, which influences the dispersion and transport in a small scale (tipically several kilometers). With measurements of 85 VOC (including 23 oxygenated VOC) during several months, we have developed an innovative methodology, associating the results of the PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) modeling and the meteorological parameters, in order to identify the sources and to understand their dynamical behaviors. By introducing the vertical turbulence for the first time in this kind of analysis, the temperature and the solar radiation, as parameters of factor analyses, two behaviors have been distinguished, leading to identify the emissions near ground and in the upper part of surface layer. In this way, we have labeled the sources according to their nature as well as their emission mode, and we have highlighted the aged air mass containing secondary pollutants
Zhang, Shouwen. "Analyse dynamique, en champ proche et à résolution temporelle fine, de l'aérosol submicronique en situation urbaine sous influence industrielle." Thesis, Littoral, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DUNK0436/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe chemical composition of submicron particles (PM₁) was monitored for over one year (July 2013-September 2014), at high temporal resolution (< 30 min), using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) for the non-refractory fraction (NR-PM₁ : organic, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and chloride) and an aethalometer for black carbon (BC), together with micrometeorology parameters. An intensive campaign (July 2014) completed the data set including the monitoring of volatile organic compounds by PTR-TOFMS. The chosen site has an urban background typology, under the influence of a large area with industrial and harbor activities. The chemical composition of aerosols was analyzed globally, seasonally and using four wind sectors. A study of the SO₂-to-SO₄ conversion in the industrial sector has shown that this process is favored at high relative humidity (> 70%), low vertical turbulence (σw : 0-0.5 m sˉ¹) and low wind speed (0-2 m sˉ¹). Using PMF (Positive Matrix factorization) source receptor modeling, three primary sources of organic species, relatied to traffic, combustion of biomass and domestic cooking, have been identified, as well as a secondary source. The seasonal and sector PMF analyses, with and without constraints, helped to identify two additional factors in the marine and industrial sectors. Some specific events (sea breezes, high pollution events and nearby ship movements) were studied, allowing to extract an average mass spectrum associated with ship emissions for the latter, ShOA (Ship-like organic aerosol). This factor only contributes to 0.5% of the particulate organic fraction on average but up to more than 90% over short periods
Hairie, Clara. "La dégradation de Byne : efflorescences de sels de calcium sur les collections de micropaléontologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST084.
Повний текст джерелаThe appearance of crystalline efflorescence on calcareous objects stored in polluted environments is commonly referred to as "Byne's decay". It results from the emission of acidic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from storage materials, which react with calcium carbonate to form organic calcium salts. This includes acetates and mixed acetate-formate salts that cause irreversible deterioration of the substrate. Until now, only macroscopic objects undergoing Byne's decay had been reported in the literature.This work focuses on how Byne's decay can also affect microscopic calcareous specimens from micropaleontology collections. It was initiated by the digitization of the foraminifera collection of Alcide d'Orbigny (1802-1857), housed at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), which revealed significant damage due to the presence of saline efflorescences.A condition report was carried out on the whole of the d'Orbigny collection (more than 3600 specimens), highlighting that the alterations, both ancient and evolutionary, are influenced by the crystallinity of the tests and the origin of the places where the foraminifera were collected. Similar collections closely located were examined for comparison and archival research was conducted to trace the material history of the collection since its entry into the MNHN. They highlight several moves and accidents such as the flooding of the Seine in 1910, which would explain the particularly high levels of humidity inside the tubes where the foraminifera are kept. Significant variations in temperature, combined with the presence of VOC-emitting materials introduced at the end of the 19th century in the assembly of the specimens, are thus at the origin of the acid pollution and the proliferation of salts.At the same time, an artificial aging procedure was developed to reproduce Byne's decay on unaltered specimens. The degradation products formed on the aged specimens, as well as on a representative selection of historical ones, were analysed non-invasively and without contact by using micro-Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. These analyses revealed mineralogical phases different from those observed in the literature on macroscopic collections. Thus, calcium formates and especially the tetragonal polymorphic phase [β-Ca(HCOO)2] known to be unstable when synthesized in laboratory conditions, predominate. No calcium acetate or mixed salt could be identified on d'Orbigny's foraminifera. Aging shows that the relative humidity and the size of the specimens play a primordial role in the formation of the salts: humid conditions favour the crystallization of calcium formate directly on the specimen, while acetate, very hygroscopic, is subject to deliquescence-crystallization cycles that lead to its redispersion around micrometer-scale specimens.Finally, to better understand the predominance of calcium formate [β-Ca(HCOO)2], different calcium formate solutions were left to evaporate and placed in environments with different humidity to study the transformation towards the stable phase [α-Ca(HCOO)2]. Semi-quantitative analysis of the products shows that the presence of ions such as those found in foraminiferal shells (Mg2+, Sr2+…) favours the formation of the metastable phase and slows down the transition β-->α.This work shows that the nature of the salts formed by Byne's decay is not only dependent on the VOCs present, but also on the size of the specimens, their composition, their test crystallization, and the moisture and temperature cycles to which they were exposed
Olivet, Lilian. "Élaboration de matériaux innovants pour l'élimination de polluants organiques de l'air intérieur : application à l'oxydation catalytique du formaldéhyde." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2312.
Повний текст джерелаAir pollution was considered responsible for 7 million premature deaths in 2015 and comes from two main sources: outdoor and indoor air. Indeed, the lack of air renewal in confined spaces such as houses, offices or schools leads to higher pollutant concentrations than in open spaces. Volatile organic compounds are considered to be one of the largest families of pollutants. Among them, formaldehyde, which causes irritation at low levels and has recently been classified as a carcinogenic 1B, can be found in significant amounts in confined spaces following combustion phenomena, from plastics, wooden furniture, cleaning products or insulating materials.Heterogeneous catalysis can be an effective way to remove these harmful molecules by transforming formaldehyde into carbon dioxide at the lowest temperature possible. In order to replace noble metals, whose activity is very high but whose cost and rarity are obstacles to their use, the performances of 3 families of materials were discussed during this work. At first, the use of zeolites of the H-ZSM5 type modified by post synthesis isomorphic substitution seemed to be an interesting solution due to the adsorbent properties of the parent material on the one hand and on the other hand thanks to the oxidative function provided by the presence of new elements such as cobalt, iron, manganese or even cerium. The modification of the parent zeolite led to a clear improvement in catalytic activity since the total conversion was achieved in the case of zeolites modified with manganese, iron and cerium from 300°C for the most active sample while the parent material allowed a conversion of only 70% at 500°C. However, the manganese sample stood out for its much higher activity than the other materials in the series. However, the catalytic activities observed were far from the performance observed on samples containing noble metals.A second part of this study concerned materials based on cerium oxides which also seemed to be good candidates for oxidation reactions due to their ability to store and remove oxygen. These materials, cerina-zirconia doped with copper, cobalt, iron or manganese, prepared by an epoxid sol-gel method, showed that the synthesis conditions used mainly led to the production of mixed non-homogeneous oxides. Catalytic tests have shown that the addition of a transition metal to ceria-zirconia materials can improve their catalytic activity. The most active material for the oxidation reaction of formaldehyde was copper-containing material. The main improvement was the selectivity of the reaction. Indeed, doping with these transition metals mainly leads to the formation of CO2 while forming formic acid and CO, but also to reduction product, methanol, which confirms one of the few studies on the subject in the litterature.Finally, previous studies having shown the existence of a synergistic effect in CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 materials for the hydrogenation reaction of CO2 to methanol, a more exploratory part was then dedicated to the study of these solids in the catalytic oxidation reaction of formaldehyde. It has been observed that materials containing copper oxide provide the best catalytic activities while avoiding the formation of undesirable reaction co-products. This study showed the high potential of these materials for the oxidation of formaldehyde with cheap, very abundant, active and highly CO2 selective metals, thus allowing to reduce indoor pollution
Diallo, Thierno Mamadou Oury. "Impact des polluants gazeux du sol sur la qualité de l'air intérieur des bâtiments." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROS416/document.
Повний текст джерелаTransfer of soil gas pollutants (Radon, VOC) into buildings can cause significant health risks. However, analytical models used today to estimate health risks associated with these pollutants contain many uncertainties which can lead to poor risk assessment. Initially, the main objective of this thesis is to contribute to the improvement of these models for risk assessment. Secondly, we propose the development of air flow model for passive Sub slab Depressurization Systems (SDS) design used to protect buildings. The improvement of models focused on the inclusion of the main phenomena of convection and diffusion at building/soil interface, taking into account different types of building substructures. The first improvement concerns the assessment of convection phenomenon through the development of analytical models to quantify air flow rates entering through many kinds of building substructures: floating slab, bearing slab, crawl space and basement. Buildings with buried walls and substructures with a sub slab gravel layer are also treated. A methodology taking into account the presence of cracks, holes and singular leakages of the slab is also proposed. The second improvement of the models is the inclusion of coupled transfer of convection and diffusion near foundations. A numerical study allowed a better understanding of the behavior of pollutants at soil / building interface. Based on this understanding, semi-empirical laws for estimating soil gas pollutants entry rate into buildings are proposed. The various models developed have been validated numerically using a CFD model and experimentally with data from the literature when available. The impact of building substructure on pollutant transfer has been highlighted. A first application of the model is illustrated by their integration into a multizone simulation code to study the impact of these transfers on indoor air quality. Finally, the work ends with the development of a model for designing passive sub slab depressurization systems. The design model developed is validated with in situ experimental data. Preliminary applications using this model focused at first on the impact of meteorological conditions (stack effect, wind) on the sub slab system running. At second, the impact of ventilation strategies on sub slab depressurization performance is studied. Thus, we see the potential interest of this model to test the effective running of passive sub slab depressurization systems in given configuration
Morisseau, Kevin. "Traitement combiné de polluants atmosphériques par filtration et adsorption pour limiter leur transfert dans l'habitat urbain." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0292/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of low energy buildings, which are more and more hermetic, leads to the necessity of indoor air renewal with mechanical ventilation system. However, the concentration of pollutants in urban environments increases continually, which promotes the pollutant transfer from the outdoor to the indoor air. This PhD thesis consists in the study of processes for the combined purification of the main urban outdoor air pollutants coming in individual dwellings through the ventilation systems.Out of a state of the art of the air pollutants, the ventilation systems and the treatment processes, filtration with fibrous media and adsorption were the two processes chosen to treat the urban air characterized by PM₁₀, PM₂ ₅, microbialaerosol, BTEX and NOₓ. A methodology was setup to select, through the different studied materials and with some performance criterion, the most suitable treatment solution i.e. a combined-F7 filter with glass fiber and granular activated carbon. A daily heating strategy of the combined-F7 filter at 70°C for 1h30 was proposed to partially regenerate the adsorbent in order to improve its lifetime and to limit the microbial growth on the filter, inparticular by desiccation.An experimental campaign in controlled conditions with multi-pollutant generation permitted to quantify the performances of the combined-F7 filter. The thermal treatment permitted to maintain the adsorption efficiency of the toluene at 40% and to limit the microbial proliferation. Competitions within pollutants were observed, in particular an increase of the filtration efficiency of PM₁₀ with the presence of PM₂ ₅ by promoting the cake filtration stage. Moreover the mix toluene/NO₂ leads to a decrease of the NO₂ adsorption in favor of the toluene.Finally, an experimental campaign in realistic conditions was conducted for 3 months in particular to study the performances of the thermal treatment. Concentration levels of the pollutants in the suburban area of the study were low. The thermal treatment applied to the combined-F7 filter, with the operating conditions studied and after 3month of follow-up, permitted to significantly limit the fungal growth on the filter but it did not permit to improve significantly the VOC and NOₓ adsorption
Kammer, Julien. "LANDEX : étude des aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS) générés par la forêt des Landes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0402/document.
Повний текст джерелаForest ecosystems affect air quality and climate, especially through the emissions and the reactions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) with the atmospheric oxidants, known to generate Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOAs). This work aims to improve our knowledge on the processes involved in biogenic SOA formation and fate. Two field campaigns have been conducted in the Landes forest. In a first step, the measurement site was characterized by a statistical study of local meteorological conditions. During these campaigns, complementary physical and chemical measurements have been carried out, implying measurements of fluxes and concentrations of particles, BVOCs and oxidants. The results evidenced nocturnal new particle formation, which is an original result as this process was usually only reported during daytime. The strong contribution of BVOCs (dominated by α- and β-pinene) ozonolysis to nocturnal new particle formation has been demonstated. Particle flux measurements suggested that particles are transfered from the canopy to the higher atmospheric surface layer. The comparison between ozone fluxes and a physical ozone deposition model also highlighted an ozone production source. This ozone production might be related to BVOC photooxidation
Koeta, Ouya. "Élimination des polluants par plasmas froids et association à la catalyse : acétaldéhyde et phénol." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112131/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aimed to study the degradation of aqueous phenol by humid air GlidArc plasma and to study the removal of acetaldehyde in atmospheric gas by pulsed DBD plasma. The parametric study of phenol degradation showed an increase in efficiency as a function of the initial concentration and humid air flow. The increase of the inter-electrodes gap has increased nitrate ions concentration. The numerous reaction products formed consist mostly of carboxylic acids. Other byproducts identified are hydroquinone, para-nitrophenol and para-nitrosophenol. By-products identification enabled drawing a reaction scheme of phenol degradation. The acetaldehyde removal has been achieved in temperature conditions ranging from ambient to 300°C and in two types of mixtures: CH3CHO/N2 and CH3CHO/N2/O2 (up to 10 % O2). The results showed that the energy cost decreases in the presence of oxygen in the mixture as well as when the temperature increases. In CH3CHO/N2, the main by-products are CO, H2, CH4, HCN, C2H6, CH3CN whereas in oxygenated mixtures, CO2 and CO, CH2O, CH3OH are the most important by-products. The kinetic study following this analysis, by using a simplified 0D model has highlighted the key role of the quenching of nitrogen metastables states and that of the oxidation of acetaldehyde, caused in particular by O and OH. The modeling also helped understanding the formation processes of major by-products. A MnO2 based catalyst was placed downstream of plasma zone in order to decompose ozone that is abundantly formed in oxygenated mixtures especially at low temperature. The atomic oxygen produced during this decomposition is used to oxidize the residual acetaldehyde and its by-products. The energy cost was thus decreased and the concentrations of certain by-products such as CH2O and CH3OH have been reduced as well
Paschoal, Anderson Oliveira de Ornelas. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de um modelo para o Pollution Routing Problem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-26072016-144339/.
Повний текст джерелаRoad transport is one of the biggest contributors of Greenhouse Gases emissions of all humans economic activities. It is known that CO2 emissions are directly related to fuel consumption, so that is why it is possible to find a series of studies that aims to reduce emissions by reducing vehicles fuel consumption. Route optimization is an important tool for reducing fuel consumption and hence emissions. This research aims to implement the PRP model in a leading company in the country, which is a model that minimizes fuel consumption/GHG emissions through adjustments of variables such as average speed, pay load, distance traveled and slopes of the road. Most existing fuel estimation methodologies found in the literature does not consider the slope of the roads in their calculations. So in this research it was necessary to develop a methodology to include it in the model. Tests were performed with variations in the time windows and the model was sensitive to each of the variables analyzed, generating savings on 100% of the studied routes.
Pham, Huu Thien. "Contribution à l'étude de la dépollution de l'air chargé en composés organiques volatils par un procédé associant un plasma de décharge à barrière diélectrique impulsionnelle et des catalyseurs." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2022/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe focus of this thesis is the application of non-thermal plasma and catalysis in chemical processing, in particular for the removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) diluted in air. In a first part, the oxidation of three pollutants (methane, propene, and toluene) is studied experimentally in a pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor and in a catalyst reactor working independently. In a second part, a hybrid plasma-catalyst reactor either in a single-stage or in a two-stages configuration, in which the catalyst is located inside or downstream from the plasma reactor, respectively. Catalyst materials based on Pd, Mn, Cu, and Co supported on alumina beads were tested and characterized by ICP-OES, TEM/EDX, XRD, XPS, and DRIFTS. Products were analyzed and quantified by infrared spectroscopy. Achieved VOCs removal efficiencies and CO/CO2 selectivity, as well as nature and concentrations of the formed products, were evaluated as function of many factors, particularly the specific input energy, the gas temperature, the initial VOCs concentration, the nature of catalyst (size support, metal loading), and the hourly space velocity. It has been successfully demonstrated that the combination of plasma and catalyst in the both configurations has many benefits compared to traditional thermal-catalysis and plasma alone treatment including a lowering of the catalyst operating temperature, an improvement of the conversion of VOCs at similar temperatures, and a better end-products selectivity and energy efficiency. The mutual interaction lead to a synergistic effect in plasma-catalysis especially when the discharge is in direct contact with the catalyst whatever the VOCs studied
Barker, Duncan James. "Characterisation, production and removal of residual soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) from anaerobic treatment effluents." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314133.
Повний текст джерелаLackson, Daniel Mudenda. "Pollution, Electricity Consumption, and Income in the Context of Trade Openness in Zambia." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124715.
Повний текст джерелаVice, Scott Jackson. "Indicators of Mold Growth in Indoor Environments." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35048.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Dias, Felipe Augusto Pereira. "Avaliação técnico-econômica da implementação de um sistema de cultivo de microalgas na usina termelétrica Barbosa Lima Sobrinho com vista à biofixação de CO2." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2734.
Повний текст джерелаThis study aimed to collect data for an evaluation of alternative technologies (microalgae cultivations and reforestation) for biofixation of CO2 from the atmosphere near a power plant, named Barbosa Lima Sobrinho, which uses natural gas and diesel as fuels. There is a project to assess the effect of reforestation for CO2 fixation in this facility and, in this study, we evaluated the alternative of cultivating microalgae. An initial review was done in the literature to determine what species of microalgae would be most suitable to use and Chlorella sp was selected. Thereafter cultivation of microalgae media, commonly employed in the market, were evaluated and the culture selected was in open tanks as a reference for the modeling process. Using data from the thermoelectric and the literature it was possible to estimate the amount of CO2 that will be capture from the atmosphere if a microalgae farming will be installed in thermal power plant area. An economic analysis was performed to determine the feasibility of the project. The results indicate that the use of this technology is promising
Priesolová, Martina. "Analýza nákladů na zamezení emisí CO2 v rámci dotačního programu Zelená úsporám." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73562.
Повний текст джерелаPereira, Lisandra da Silva. "Alguns impactos ambientais relacionados com a aplicação de chorume de suinos na agricultura. Caso de estudo com a cultura de milho (Zea mays L.) no Brasil." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5674.
Повний текст джерелаSwine production is one of the livestock activities which has the greatest potential to lead to environmental pollution. This study aims to assess the environmental impact of the application of fresh pig slurry to a red distroferric latosol on leachate drainage from lysimeters, and define the best way of recycling this waste. The experiment was conducted with maize crop (Zea mays L.) grown in 24 lysimeters and under field conditions. Eight treatments with three replicates were used. Four levels of manure (0, 100, 200 and 300 m3.ha-1) were applied and half of the lysimeters were fertilized with both pig slurry and mineral fertilizer. Two samples of leachate were collected (12 and 85 days after seeding) as well as two soil samples (before slurry application and at the end of the crop cycle).The pH, and concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper and zinc, were determined in the soil samples, to assess the effects of the presence of these nutrients in the slurry. From the results obtained and under the experimental conditions, application of fresh pig slurry did not cause negative environment impacts in soil and water, regarding the analyzed elements
UEHARA, SANDRO T. "Analise de dados de sistema lidar de retrospalhamento correlacionada com dados meteorologicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9386.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Yang, Jianming. "Etude expérimentale et théorique du vieillissement de catalyseurs d'oxydation de CO utilisés dans le traitement de la pollution automobile." Mulhouse, 2008. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/etude-experimentale-et-theorique-du-vieillissement-de-catalyseurs-doxydation-de-co-utilises-dans-le-/BUS4048250.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the research is to make the link between sintering of a 1. 6% Pt/A1203 catalyst and its activity for CO oxidation reaction. Thermal aging of this catalyst for different durations under 7% 02, led to a shift of the platinum particle size distributions towards larger diameters, due to sintering. These distributions are studied by TEM. The catalytic activity for CO oxidation under different CO and 02 inlet concentrations decreases after aging the catalyst. The CO oxidation reaction is structure sensitive with a catalytic activity increasing with the platinum particle size. A global kinetic law is proposed. In this low kinetic constant (k) is function of platinum particles diameter. It allows the simulation of the CO conversion curves during a temperature ramp. A platinum site located on a planar face is found to be more active than a platinum site on edges or corners, whatever the temperature
Ozkilic, Ismet Oke. "Simulating Co2 Sequestration In A Depleted Gas Reservoir." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606639/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCO2 injection can be applied to increase natural gas recovery of Kuzey Marmara field but sequestering high rate CO2 emissions is found out to be inappropriate.
Oliveira, Leyser Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Metais pesados e atividade enzimática em latossolos tratados com lodo de esgoto e cultivados com milho." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105210.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A adição ao solo de resíduos oriundos dos processos de tratamento de água e esgotos tem sido feita como uma alternativa para minimizar os problemas de poluição ambiental, paralelamente à busca de uma maneira mais econômica de descartar este material. Entretanto, devido à possibilidade de presença de metais pesados, sua adição continuada ao solo deve ser avaliada com cuidado, considerandose os riscos de contaminação. No presente estudo objetivou-se, especificamente, determinar os teores dos metais Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn e Ni em dois Latossolos (um LVd e um LVef) no nono ano de experimentação com doses de lodo de esgoto (0, 45, 90 e 127,5 Mg ha-1); determinar os teores destes metais nas raízes, colmos, folhas, grãos e sabugos de milho pelo método USEPA 3050B e pelos extratores Mehlich-1 e DTPA e determinar a atividade das enzimas amilases, proteases e arilsulfatases como indicadores da qualidade bioquímica do solo, correlacionando-as com a produtividade das plantas de milho. Os resultados mostraram que, de maneira geral, os teores dos metais pesados nos solos extraídos pelo método 3050 B (HNO3 + H2O2 + HCl) foram encontrados em maiores quantidades no LVef e esse mesmo método, não detectou todos os metais em todas as partes das plantas de milho. Comparando-se os métodos Mehlich-1 e DTPA, o primeiro extraiu maiores quantidades do que o segundo. A atividade enzimática do solo foi crescente com a adição de lodo de esgoto, reduzindose a partir do tratamento 90 Mg ha-1 em ambos os solos, à exceção das proteases no LVef. Não foram observadas correlações significativas entre a produtividade do milho e a atividade de todas as enzimas, à exceção das proteases no LVd, o que não permitiu considerar esses parâmetros como bons indicadores da qualidade do solo.
The deriving residues soil addition from water and sewers treatment processes has been made as an alternative to minimize the problems environmental pollution, simultaneously to the search in a more economic way to discard this material. However, due to possibility of heavy metals presence, its soil continued addition has must to be care, evaluating the contamination risks. The objective of the present work was evaluated Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn and Ni the metals contents in two Oxisols (LVd and LVef) in the nineth year experimentation with doses of sewage sludge (0, 45, 90 and 127,5 Mg ha-1); to determine of these heavy metals contents in the root, stalk, leafs, grains and corncob of corn by USEPA 3050B method and Mehlich-1 and DTPA extractors and to determine the amylases, proteases and arylsulphatases enzyme activities as biochemist soil quality indicator, correlating them with the productivity of the corn plants. The results had shown that, in general way, the heavy metals contents on soil extracted by 3050 B (HNO3 + H2O2 + HCl) method had been found in bigger amounts in the LVef and this did not detect all the metals in all the parts of the maize plants. Comparing the Mehlich-1 and DTPA methods, the first one it extracted greaters amounts of heavy metals. The enzymatic activity do was increasing with the addition of sewage sludge, reducing to treatment 90 Mg ha-1 in both soils, except proteases activity in LVef. Significant correlations between the productivity of the corn and the activity of all had not been observed the enzymes, except proteases activity in the LVd, what it did not allow to adopt these parameters as good soil quality indicators.
Chèze, Benoît. "Pollutions locales et globales : Evaluation de leurs impacts environnementaux et des poltiques publiques visant à les réduire. Trois analyses empiriques." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100052.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is composed of three different studies aiming at empirically analysing various pollutions and environmental policies examples, which are all emblematic of our contemporary life-style. A first Chapter provides air traffic CO2 emissions projections at the worldwide level and for eight geographical zones until 2025. We show that air traffic energy efficiency improvements yield effectively to reduce the effect of air traffic rise on corresponding CO2 emissions increase, but do not annihilate it. Thus, air transport CO2 emissions are unlikely to diminish unless there is a radical technological shift, or air travel demand is restricted. A second Chapter presents the results of a meta-analysis that focuses on the environmental valuation methods and their estimates of waste disposal sites disamenities. The mean external cost and the effect of key factors influencing these estimates are quantified by mean of specific econometric and statistical methods. A last Chapter aims at identifying the EU ETS carbon price drivers during its pilot Phase, i. E. From 2005 to 2007. The main result of this study features that price drivers of CO2 allowances linked to energy market prices, unanticipated weather events and economic activity vary around institutional events revealing the installations’ net short/long positions
Burger, André Araujo. "Composição do aerossol atmosférico na Amazônia com influência antropogênica: estudo de caso no experimento GoAmazon." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-26032018-153451/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work quantitatively investigated the impact of anthropogenic emissions from Manaus City on the elemental composition of aerosol at Central Amazonia collecting particulate matter (PM) from 2014 to 2015 at ZF2, upwind of Manaus and TIWA and Manacapuru, downwind of Manaus. From the filters collected, different components of the PM were measured: equivalent Black Carbon (eBC), trace elements (Na to Pb), PM concentration and Elemental and Organic Carbon (EC and OC) with fine (FPM, diameter < 2.5um) and coarse (CPM, 2.5um < diameter < 10um) mode separated. At the dry season, FPM concentration was 5,5ug/m³ at ZF2 and 11,0ug/m³ at TIWA and for the CPM it was of 5,5ug/m³, 7,1ug/m³, respectively. During the wet season, reduction on the concentration of all sites at both modes was observed. Mass Balance Analysis showed that Organic Matter (OM) varied approximately from 50% to 80%, sulfate from 15% to 20% and eBC from 8% to 20% for the FPM. Comparisons between OM, obtained through spectrometry, and OC showed a more aged aerosol at Manacapuru than at TIWA. Absolute Principal Components Analysis (APCA) extracted three main factors at all sites for the FPM: biomass burning, marine aerosol and soil dust whilst PMF could also extract a biogenic factor. For the sites downwind of Manaus, factors related with anthropogenic emission were extracted. For the CPM three factors were identified at all sites: biogenic emission, soil dust and marine aerosol. PMF also found a second factor related with Cl depletion on marine aerosol. At the site TIWA both methods extracted a factor identified as pollution and PMF also found a factor related with vehicular emissions whilst at Manacapuru on APCA extracted a pollution factor. Direct anthropogenic emissions vehicular and pollution factors - at TIWA varies from 880ng/m³ (ACPA) to 930ng/m³ (PMF) in fine mode. In the coarse mode 790ng/m³ (APCA) to 1780ng/m³ (PMF).
Amaral, Camila Alves Silva do. "Avaliação da função respiratória de crianças dos municípios de Anchieta e Guarapari (ES) através da espirometria e sua correlação com a qualidade do ar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-05022014-084049/.
Повний текст джерелаINTRODUCTION: The region of Guarapari and Anchieta, in the South of the State of Espírito Santo has a growing industrial park that generates in the local population a concern to either the worsening of air quality and the adverse effects on the resident population. In this study we evaluated the impacts of exposure to air pollution generated by a mining company and iron idles on the respiratory health of children and adolescents living in the vicinity of the enterprise. Methods: Panel study with 121 students between 8 and 16 years of age, enrolled in schools of Anchieta, exposed area to industrial emissions, and Guarapari, unexposed area, in the State of Espírito Santo. Every month, between May 2008 and May 2009 spirometry tests were carried out. Questionnaires were applied to data acquisition on biodemographic issues and a validated questionnaire to investigate information on the presence of asthma and respiratory and skin allergies (ISAAC). PM10 monitoring network provided daily information on this pollutant concentrations for the period under examination. The correlation between exposure to air pollutants and lung function parameters (ratio between measured and predicted values) were analyzed through two approaches. In the first, monthly averages of forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, ratio of forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity, forced expiratory flow 25 and 75 of the maneuver forced vital capacity and forced expiration time were compared between the two groups. For this analysis, was adopted the student\'s t-test. In the second approach, the association between respiratory parameters and the inhaled particulate matter was investigated via mixed effects regression models, including controls for meteorological variables, the presence of asthma and respiratory allergies and, when necessary, body mass index. Results: 86 children completed the study. Monthly averages of the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow, in a few months, were lower in the area exposed while the reverse occurred for the forced expiratory time. There were inversely proportional relationships between the variation of particulate matter and all the spirometry parameters except the expiratory time. For a variation of 14.03 ?gm3 in PM10 a 1.13% (CI 95: 0.13; 2.14) reduction was observed in forced expiratory volume in one second (fiveday moving average), 0.95% (CI: 0.32; 95 1.58) on the relationship between forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity (three-day moving average), and 2.96% (95 CI: 1.46; 4.46) in peak expiratory flow (fiveday moving average). In relation to the expiratory time there was a directly proportional effect, with an additional 3.54% (Ci: 0.88; 6.20) in three-day moving average. Conclusion: even with levels of particulate matter inside the national air quality standards was observed worsening of respiratory function in children and adolescents living in the municipalities of Anchieta and Guarapari (ES)
Rocha, Fabiana Maia Nobre. ""Relação da poluição atmosférica com a citologia nasal em pacientes com rinite alérgica, residentes na cidade de São Paulo, nas diferentes estações do ano"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-27012006-085503/.
Повний текст джерелаDifferent studies have demonstrated an increase in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in urban areas, suggesting an effect resulting from exposure to pollutants. Therefore, we studied the relationship between atmospheric pollution and nasal cytological findings in 11 patients with allergic rhinitis during the four seasons of the year compared to 12 normal individuals. In summer, a significant increase in eosinophils was observed in the allergic group (p = 0.007) and there was a predominance of ciliated cells in the control group (p = 0.021). In autumn, neutrophils predominated in the control group (p = 0.027), and an increase in neutrophils (p = 0.015) was observed in winter. An increase in goblet cells (p = 0.019) was observed in the allergic group. In spring, there was an increase of neutrophils (p = 0.025) in the control group
Mansanet, Bataller Maria. "Essays on CO2." Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090058.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this dissertation, entitled “Essays on CO2” is to study from a financial point of view, the functioning of the carbon markets. In application of the Kyoto Protocol, the European Union has launched, in 2005, the first Phase of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and thus, it has been the beginning of the European Union Allowances (EUA) trading in organized spot and futures markets. The fist chapter of the dissertation exposes the main topics concerning the allowance trading in the world. The objective of the second chapter is to analyse the principal determinants of carbon prices during the first year of the EU ETS. The most representative energy variables in Europe as well as weather variables considered in a non linear way present statistical influence on carbon prices. The third chapter consists on studying the regulatory impacts on the EUA returns and volatility. The results indicate that both the news concerning the first and the second phase of the EU ETS has an impact on the first phase returns but not on the volatility. This leads to the interpretation that there has been leakage of information before the European Commission official announcement. Finally, the last chapter analyses the portfolio diversification possibilities that the introduction of EUAs offers to the different investors present in the market