Статті в журналах з теми "Pollution concentration"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Pollution concentration.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Pollution concentration".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Šmelcerović, Miodrag. "VALORIZATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH SERBIA FROM THE AIR QUALITY ASPECT." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 1329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28041329m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The protection of the environment and people’s health from negative influences of the pollution of air as a medium of the environment requires constant observing of the air quality in accordance with international standards, the analysis of emission and imission of polluting matters in the air, and their connection with the sources of pollution. Having in mind the series of laws and delegated legislations which define the field of air pollution, it is necessary to closely observe these long-term processes, discovering cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of anthropogenic sources of emission of polluting matters and the level of air degradation. The relevant evaluation of the air quality of a certain area can be conducted if the level of concentration of polluting matters characteristic for the pollution sources of this area is observed in a longer period of time. The data obtained by the observation of the air pollution are the basis for creation of the recovery program of a certain area. Vranje is a town in South Serbia where there is a bigger number of anthropogenic pollution sources that can significantly diminish the air quality. The cause-and-effect relationship of the anthropogenic sources of pollution is conducted related to the analysis of systematized data which are in the relevant data base of the authorized institution The Institute of Public Health Vranje, for the time period between the year of 2012. and 2017. By the analysis of data of imission concentrations of typical polluting matters, the dominant polluting matters were determined on the territory of the town of Vranje, the ones that are the causers of the biggest air pollution and the risk for people’s health. Analysis of the concentration of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides indicates their presence in the air of Vranje town area in concentrations that do not exceed the permitted limit values annually. The greatest pollution is caused by the soot content in the air, especially in the winter period when the highest number of days with the values above the limit was registered. By perceiving the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is clear that the concentration of polluting matters can be decreased only by establishing control over anthropogenic sources of pollution, and thus it can be contributed to the improvement of the air quality of this urban environment.
2
Šmelcerović, Miodrag. "AIR QUALITY AT THE TERRITORY OF THE CITY OF LESKOVAC." Knowledge International Journal 29, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2901077m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The protection of the environment and people’s health from negative influences of the pollution of air as a medium of the environment requires constant observing of the air quality in accordance with international standards, the analysis of emission and imission of polluting matters in the air, and their connection with the sources of pollution. Having in mind the series of laws and delegated legislations which define the field of air pollution, it is necessary to closely observe these long-term processes, discovering cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of anthropogenic sources of emission of polluting matters and the level of air degradation. The relevant evaluation of the air quality of a certain area can be conducted if the level of concentration of polluting matters characteristic for the pollution sources of this area is observed in a longer period of time. The data obtained by the observation of the air pollution are the basis for creation of the recovery program of a certain area. Leskovac is a town in South Serbia where there is a bigger number of anthropogenic pollution sources that can significantly diminish the air quality. The cause-and-effect relationship of the anthropogenic sources of pollution is conducted related to the analysis of systematized data which are in the relevant data base of the authorized institution The Institute of Public Health, for the time period between the year of 2012. and 2017. By the analysis of data of imission concentrations of typical polluting matters, the dominant polluting matters were determined on the territory of the town of Leskovac, the ones that are the causers of the biggest air pollution and the risk for people’s health. Analysis of the concentration of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides indicates their presence in the air of Leskovac town area in concentrations that do not exceed the permitted limit values annually. The greatest pollution is caused by the soot content in the air, especially in the winter period when the highest number of days with the values above the limit was registered. By perceiving the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is clear that the concentration of polluting matters can be decreased only by establishing control over anthropogenic sources of pollution, and thus it can be contributed to the improvement of the air quality of this urban environment.
3
Carmen, Florean, Henriette Szilagyi, and Andreea Hegyi. "Environment and Pollution Management of Pollution Volatile Organic Compounds in Cluj-Napoca." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2016-0038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Pollution negative influences the environmental, human health, buildings and increase the production of waste. We are currently witnessing pollution and degradation in some cases irreversible, of the environment. Environmental issues are extremely complex and cover all sectors. Worldwide, industrial pollution strategies necessary to reduce emissions to the atmosphere hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other polluants in urban areas. The highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds of more than 80 mg/m3 occur in densely populated areas. The latest data reported in the residential area of Cluj-Napoca values did not exceed 20 m /m3. However peaks reported VOC concentrations, depending on the season, exceeding the upper limit that according to Law. 104/2011 is 75 μ/m3. It was identified due to increase annual mean concentration of VOCs as, in particular, road traffic exceeding sanitary standards on the main traffic routes within the city. In this paper the results obtained after carrying out an analysis of the average VOC concentration recorded in the city Cluj-Napoca as a result of car traffic. They were pursued average concentrations of VOCs resulting from the combustion of liquid fuels, petrol and diesel type. Analyzing the results obtained are proposed solutions for reducing VOC emissions. The rule under which these solutions have been proposed to reduce the concentration of VOCs took into account the possibility implementation and maintenance costs thereof.
4
Wu, Shanshan, and C. James Hueng. "Concentration of industrial pollution in China." Applied Economics Letters 26, no. 16 (January 2, 2019): 1339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2018.1558336.
Повний текст джерела
5
Baltrenas, Pranas, Danguole Kaziukoniene, and Mindaugas Kvasauskas. "AIR POLLUTION AT PARKING‐LOTS OF VILNIUS." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2004): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2004.9636813.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The expansion of Vilnius creates the need for the installation of new parking facilities. This problem could be solved by establishing guarded parking‐lots or modern underground and multi‐storey garages, in order to economize useful land and comply with the requirements of environmentalists. Investigation was carried out on parking‐lots of Vilnius. All the guarded parking‐lots are divided into three types in accordance with the size of the lot and the type of vehicles parked on it. Measurements were carried out at a lot of each type. The concentrations of hydrocarbons, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and dust were measured. Guarded parking‐lots located at the crossroad of Ateities and L. Giros streets, on Architektu and Č. Sugiharos streets were selected for the investigation. The parking‐lot located at the crossroad of Ateities and L. Giros streets had the highest concentration of nitric oxide overrunning the permitted concentration up to 1,9 times. Besides, the concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons also overran the permitted norms. The lowest concentrations were found after measuring dust concentration in the air.
6
Meng, Hongling, Kaiguang Zhang, Mingting Ba, and Yanmin Sun. "SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS OF CITY PM2.5 CONCENTRATION IN HENAN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 454–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i8.2019.699.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PM2.5 has become the main pollutant of air pollution in China, and PM2.5 pollution control is one of the important means of atmospheric environmental governance. Aiming on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of regional PM2.5 concentration, this paper bases on the monitoring data of city PM2.5 concentration in Henan Province from 2015 to 2018 to study the spatial autocorrelation characteristics of city PM2.5 concentration and explore the city PM2.5 concentration spatial relationship by using the geo-statistical analysis method. The results showed that: the PM2.5 concentration in Henan shows obvious seasonal variation characteristics, the PM2.5 concentrations in the northern cities are significantly higher than that in the southern cities. The PM2.5 concentrations in the northern cities vary significantly with the seasonal transition, PM2.5 pollution is mainly moderately and above polluted, the PM2.5 concentrations in southern cities vary little with the seasonal transition, PM2.5 pollution is mainly lightly polluted. The city PM2.5 concentration shows a trend of regional integration with the significant spatial autocorrelation, the global autocorrelation characteristic is independent of PM2.5 concentration. The city PM2.5 concentration also presents the characteristics of local instability, forms a High-High aggregation region centered on Xinxiang and Zhengzhou, the aggregation degree tends to be significant with the increase of PM2.5 concentration, the aggregation area gradually expands to northward. The PM2.5 concentration in Anyang is no significant autocorrelation with the PM2.5 concentrations in other cities of the province.
7
Shevchenko, O., S. Snizhko, and N. Danilova. "Air pollution by nitrogen dioxide in Kiev city." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 16 (October 29, 2017): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.16.2015.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article main nitrogen dioxide emissions sources in a big cities was analysed. Shown the temporal dynamics of average annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in Kiev city for time period 1985 - 2012, analyzed concentration of this pollutant in different part of the city and frequency of cases of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) exceeding. The highest concentrations of nitrogen dioxide observed in the central part of the city in some months the warm season. The frequency of cases exceeding of MAC in the air usually exceeds 50% and in the warm season 2012 average concentration of NO2 in the air has been very high and frequency of exceeding of MAC reached 100% in almost all monitoring stations. Studies show that in the warm season in the air of Kyiv regularly observed abnormally high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, which is a precursor of photochemical smog, and under favorable meteorological conditions will result in the formation of this negative phenomenon in the atmosphere of the city.
8
Liu, Jun Xiu, Peng Yang, A. Gu Da Mu Liu, and Jie Liu. "Characteristics of Heavy Atmospheric Particulate Pollution under Beijing Fog and Haze." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 1338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1338.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three consecutive severe traffic monitoring points collected in different atmospheric particulate pollution concentrations data during February 2014 in Beijing. The results show that the hourly mean concentration of PM2.5 often exceeded 200 ug/m3, with a maximum concentration of 300 ug/m3on Feb.22,2014. The hourly mean concentration of PM10 either exceeded 258 ug/m3.The concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 was significantly increased during haze events, especially PM2.5 concentrations increased gradually and a slight decline in the middle, then rise.
9
Tomei, Francesco, Maria Valeria Rosati, Manuela Ciarrocca, Maria Rosaria Marchetti, Tiziana Paola Baccolo, Vincenza Anzelmo, and Enrico Tomao. "Urban pollution and nickel concentration in serum." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 14, no. 1 (February 2004): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603120310001616119.
Повний текст джерела
10
Salazar, Cristian, Anna I. Kurbatova, and Milana E. Kupriyanova. "Quito’s coronavirus curfew: Escalating tropospheric ozone pollution." E3S Web of Conferences 211 (2020): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021104008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of the curfew due to the pandemic of Covid-19 virus on the levels of air pollution in the historic center of Quito was evaluated with a focus on tropospheric ozone (O3). During the curfew period the daily O3 mean concentration increased by 96%, 109% and 95% in comparison to the concentrations for the same period in the years 2017, 2018 and 2019. This increase is mainly explained by considerable reduction in NOx emissions, thus there was little titration of ozone accumulated in the city environment due to its shallow boundary layer by NO, reaching its maximum concentration at midday. Among studied pollutants that influence O3 formation (CO, NO2, PM2.5) during the curfew the contaminant that showed the greatest reduction in the mean concentration compared to three previous years was NO2, followed by CO and PM2.5. The daily O3 8-hour mean concentrations during the curfew both on weekdays and weekends were lower than the limit values. These results are relevant for designing abatement policies of secondary pollutants such as O3 under strict measures of control of primary pollutant emissions.
11
Dou, Chengrong, Zhenming Ji, Yukun Xiao, Zhiyuan Hu, Xian Zhu, and Wenjie Dong. "Projection of Air Pollution in Northern China in the Two RCPs Scenarios." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 3064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Air pollution in North China (NC) is an important issue affecting the economy and health. In this study, we used a regional climate model, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to project air pollution in NC and investigate the variations of air pollutions response to future climate changes, which probably has an implication to strategy and control policy for air quality in NC. A comprehensive model evaluation was conducted to verify the simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) based on MODIS and MISR datasets, and the model also showed reasonable results in aerosol concentrations. Future changes of air pollution in the middle of the 21st century (2031–2050) were projected in the two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and compared with the situation in the historical period (1986–2005). In the two RCPs, the simulated averaged PM2.5 concentration was projected with the highest values of 50–250 μg·m−3 over the Bohai Rim Economic Circle (BREC) in winter. The maximum AOD is in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in summer, with an average value of 0.68. In winter, in the RCP4.5 scenario, PM2.5 concentration and AOD obviously declined in BTH and Shandong province. However, in the RCP8.5 scenario, PM2.5 concentration and AOD increased. Results indicated that air pollution would be reduced in winter if society developed in the low emission pathway. Precipitation was projected to increase both in the two RCPs scenarios in spring, summer, and winter, but it was projected to decrease in autumn. The planetary boundary layer height decreased in the two RCPs scenarios in the central region of NC in the summer and winter. The results indicated that changes of meteorological conditions have great impact on air pollution in future scenarios.
12
Popov, Leonid, Gheorghe Ciudin, and Serghei Rotaru. "Soil Degradation Processes from Pollution." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 7, no. 1 (June 2012): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2012.07(1).07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Investigations found HCH and DDT residuals in bottom sediments from several reservoirs and lakes as well as the main rivers, Nistru and Prut (concentrations ranged between 0.2 and 15.8 ppb). The concentration of PCBs in the topsoil collected beneath the capacitors battery at the Vulcănesti substation reached a level of 7100 ppm which is exceeding the MAC by five orders of magnitude (!). With no exception, allowable concentrations of PCBs in soil were exceeded also on the territory of other investigated substations, with peaks registered at the Briceni substation (2545 ppm) and the Orhei substation (1959 ppm).
13
Nirel, P. M. V., and J. Lazzarotto. "Testing of conductivity/calcium and rubidium/strontium ratios as indicators of the chemical stability of a river: comparison with a biological indicator." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is customary to detect pollution in a water flow by monitoring the increase of sensitive elements concentrations (NH4+, PO43−, NO3−…). However, concentrations are dependent on the flow rate and these compounds are not conservative, implying a concentration decrease downstream leading to false negative diagnosis of pollution impact. The use of elemental ratios of conservative compounds should diminish these pitfalls. We then thought of the χ/Ca (conductivity/calcium) and Rb/Sr (rubidium/strontium) ratios as water chemical stability indicators to clearly identify and discriminate point from diffuse pollutions. This hypothesis has been tested on 12 brooks located in the basin of Lake Geneva, during 2 hydrological years. The results were compared to the observed land use of the watershed and a biological indicator: the Pollution Sensitivity Index (PSI). The PSI is calculated from diatom taxonomy and evaluates biological quality with a grade ranging from 0 to 20 (bad to excellent). The main results of the research can be summarized as follows. The pollution signal is observable far downstream of the pollution site. Both χ/Ca and Rb/Sr ratios are water quality indicators expressing the stability of water chemistry. They can both be used to detect diffuse and point pollution impact. These indicators provide complementary information: χ/Ca variations increase in case of point pollution; Rb/Sr variations increase when diffuse pollutions occur. The results obtained with the indicators χ/Ca and Rb/Sr agree with biological indicator and observation of the land use. χ/Ca and Rb/Sr ratios represent important tools to identify and discriminate point source pollution from diffuse pollution.
14
Sloof, J. E., and H. Th Wolterbeek. "National Trace-Element Air Pollution Monitoring Survey Using Epiphytic Lichens." Lichenologist 23, no. 2 (April 1991): 139–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282991000300.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractTwo national monitoring surveys were carried out within 5 years, using Parmelia sulcata as a biomonitor of trace-element air pollution. The method of sampling was standardized. The lichen samples were analysed by neutron activation analysis. Local variations in element concentrations in lichens from various deciduous tree species from several sampling sites were established. The geographical concentration patterns obtained from the lichen data sets agreed with the element concentration gradients obtained from one dispersion model and measured data of atmospheric concentrations and deposition. Comparison of the two lichen data sets showed the relationship of the geographical concentration patterns with time. Combination of the available data gave insight into the possibility of localization of pollution sources.
15
Wang, Ju, Ran Li, Kexin Xue, and Chunsheng Fang. "Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity and Socioeconomic driving Factors of PM2.5 in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and Its Surrounding Areas." Atmosphere 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2021): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to rapid urbanization and socio-economic development, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution has drawn very wide concern, especially in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, as well as in its surrounding areas. Different socio-economic developments shape the unique characteristics of each city, which may contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of pollution levels. Based on ground fine particulate matter (PM2.5) monitoring data and socioeconomic panel data from 2015 to 2019, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, and its surrounding provinces, were selected as a case study area to explore the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of PM2.5 pollution, and the driving effect of socioeconomic factors on local air pollution. The spatio-temporal heterogeneity analysis showed that PM2.5 concentration in the study area expressed a downward trend from 2015 to 2019. Specifically, the concentration in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and Henan Province had decreased, but in Shanxi Province and Shandong Province, the concentration showed an inverted U-shaped and U-shaped variation trend, respectively. From the perspective of spatial distribution, PM2.5 concentrations in the study area had an obvious spatial positive correlation, with agglomeration characteristics of “high–high” and “low–low”. The high-value area was mainly distributed in the junction area of Henan, Shandong, and Hebei Provinces, which had been gradually moving to the southwest. The low values were mainly concentrated in the northern parts of Shanxi and Hebei Provinces, and the eastern part of Shandong Province. The results of the spatial lag model showed that Total Population (POP), Proportion of Urban Population (UP), Output of Second Industry (SI), and Roads Density (RD) had positive driving effects on PM2.5 concentration, which were opposite of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In addition, the spatial spillover effect of the PM2.5 concentrations in surrounding areas has a positive driving effect on local pollution levels. Although the PM2.5 levels in the study area have been decreasing, air pollution is still a serious problem. In the future, studies on the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of PM2.5 caused by unbalanced social development will help to better understand the interaction between urban development and environmental stress. These findings can contribute to the development of effective policies to mitigate and reduce PM2.5 pollutions from a socio-economic perspective.
16
Du, Xiaogang, and Junjie Liu. "Relationship between outdoor and indoor ozone pollution concentration." Transactions of Tianjin University 15, no. 5 (October 2009): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12209-009-0058-6.
Повний текст джерела
17
Sheppard, L., P. Sampson, A. Ho, T. Larson, and J. Kaufman. "Air Pollution Concentration Sampling Design in MESA Air." Epidemiology 17, Suppl (November 2006): S269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-00699.
Повний текст джерела
18
Skromulis, Andris, Juris Breidaks, and Edmunds Teirumnieks. "Effect of Atmospheric Pollution on Air Ion Concentration." Energy Procedia 113 (May 2017): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.04.059.
Повний текст джерела
19
Wang, Lijun, Ju Wang, Xiaodong Tan, and Chunsheng Fang. "Analysis of NOx Pollution Characteristics in the Atmospheric Environment in Changchun City." Atmosphere 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution has become one of the most challenging problems in China in the past 20 years. In this study, on the basis of the Jilin Province Atmospheric Environmental Quality Bulletin and hourly NOx data from the Atmospheric Environment Automatic Monitoring Station in Changchun, temporal and spatial variations in NOx concentration in the province and Changchun and their relationships with various pollutants and meteorological factors were analyzed. The results show that Changchun had the highest NOx concentration of all cities in the province, with a high concentration in the center and a low concentration in the east and west. The areas with high NOx concentrations in Changchun were mainly distributed in urban centers, and the concentration in the northern part of the city was higher than that in the south. The seasonal variation and average daily variation in NOx concentration in Changchun had a bimodal distribution, and the NOx concentration in autumn and winter was higher than that in spring and summer. The maximum monthly average concentrations of NOx and nitric oxide (NO) were reached in October, and the maximum monthly average concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was reached in March. The average daily variation in NOx concentration first peaked at 07:00–08:00 in the morning, and the second peak occurred between 20:00 and 22:00 at night. The NOx concentration in Changchun was positively correlated with NO2, NO, PM2.5 (fine particulate matter), PM10 (particulate matters), CO (carbon monoxide), and pressure, and it showed a significant negative correlation with O3, temperature, wind speed, and humidity.
20
Tyubee, Bernard Tarza, Grace Hembadoon Yiyeh, and Monday Akpegi Onah. "Assessment of Air Pollution in Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria." Urban Studies and Public Administration 3, no. 4 (November 28, 2020): p38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v3n4p38.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study assessed the spatio-temporal and seasonal variation in the concentration of CO, NO2, SO2 and PM10 in Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria. Data on the air pollutants were collected at four points between 8:00am-10:00am and 3:00pm-5:00pm daily, from 16th January to 24th February (dry season) and 5th June to 14th July (rainy season) in 2017 using Gasman hand-held gas monitors. Data were analysed using mean, coefficient of variation (CV) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result showed highest and lowest mean concentrations of CO of 21.86ppm (rainy season) and 17.00ppm (dry season) in the town center (Point 2, GBKC) and 2.46ppm (rainy season) and 2.45ppm (dry season) in the suburb (Point 1, YRA). The mean concentrations of CO, NO2 and SO2 were higher in rainy season, and the mean concentration of PM10 was higher in dry season, with the mean concentrations of NO2, SO2 and PM10 higher than the national acceptable levels in both seasons. The spatial variation in concentration of the air pollutants was significant with respect to land use/land cover types than seasons. There should be regular monitoring of air quality as the population and human activities increase in the town.
21
Civiš, Svatopluk, Michal Střižík, Zbynk Jaňour, Jan Holpuch, and Zdenk Zelinger. "Wind Tunnel Simulation of Air Pollution Dispersion in a Street Canyon." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/85.1.243.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Physical simulation was used to study pollution dispersion in a street canyon. The street canyon model was designed to study the effect of measuring flow and concentration fields. A method of CO2-laser photoacoustic spectrometry was applied for detection of trace concentration of gas pollution. The advantage of this method is its high sensitivity and broad dynamic range, permitting monitoring of concentrations from trace to saturation values. Application of this method enabled us to propose a simple model based on line permeation pollutant source, developed on the principle of concentration standards, to ensure high precision and homogeneity of the concentration flow. Spatial measurement of the concentration distribution inside the street canyon was performed on the model with reference velocity of 1.5 m/s.
22
Wang, Wei, Sihan Xia, Zhenying Zhu, Tian Wang, and Xinyue Cheng. "Spatiotemporal distribution of negative air ion and PM2.5 in urban residential areas." Indoor and Built Environment 31, no. 4 (January 18, 2022): 1127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x211058087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban environments are characterised by high pollution levels, which adversely affect the physiology, psychology and behaviour of the urban residents. In this study, on-site measurements and air quality evaluations were performed in urban residential areas. The negative air ion (NAI) concentration, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration, temperature and relative humidity were measured in different seasons. Both PM2.5 and the NAI concentrations changed significantly with seasons. The PM2.5 concentration was the highest in winter, intermediate in autumn and the lowest in summer, while the NAI concentration showed an opposite trend. The overall changes in NAI and PM2.5 concentrations showed a trend of double peaks and double valleys, and there was a substantial difference between rainy days versus sunny days. The NAI concentration was positively correlated with temperature and relative humidity, and the influence of relative humidity on NAI was greater than that of temperature. There were notable spatial differences in the intensity of impact by different pollution sources. Based on these results, suggestions were made for optimising the layout of residential buildings and the rationalisation of traffic networks, with the aim of increasing NAI concentrations and reducing PM2.5 concentrations. This would help reduce the pollution levels in urban residential areas.
23
Fujiki, M., and S. Tajima. "The Pollution of Minamata Bay by Mercury." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 11 (June 1, 1992): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0284.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Minamata Disease, methylmercury poisoning, was recognized late in 1953 among the inhabitants living around Minamata Bay. In a chemical factory situated near Minamata Bay, acetaldehyde had been synthesized by the hydration of acetylene till 1968; in the reaction mercury oxide dissolved in sulfuric acid had been used as a catalyst. Inorganic mercury in waste water from the acetaldehyde plant had been discharged into the bay and it had accumulated into bottom sediment. It was proved that a part of inorganic mercury used as the catalyst had changed into methylmercury by a sidereaction in the plant and waste water containing methylmercury from the plant had discharged into the bay and methylmercury had accumulated into the fishes. The mercury concentrations in the muds were very high: in 1963, 29~713 ppm (dry weight); in 1969, 19~908 ppm (dry weight); in 1970, 8~253 ppm (dry weight) and in 1971, 14~586 ppm (dry weight). Since 1977, dredging work had been carried out to remove mercury-contaminated mud and all of the work had finished at March 1990. The concentration of mercury in fishes from the bay was very high in 1959: shellfishes 108~178 ppm (dry weight) and fish 15 ppm (wet weight). Mercury concentration in fishes has decreased markedly since 1966. Total mercury concentration in fishes (87 species) were 0.01~1.74 ppm (wet weight) and fishes containing over 0.4 ppm of total mercury were 16 species in 1989. The hair of patients contained a high concentration of mercury, the highest being 705 ppm. In 1968, the average mercury concentration in patients was 10.6 ppm, for fishermen, the average was 9.2 ppm, and for general inhabitants, the average was 8.1 ppm. In 1982, the average methylmercury concentration in fishermen was 6.15 ppm and for general inhabitants, the averge was 3.78 ppm. Thus, the mercury content in hair decreased gradually with time. After treatment of mercury in waste water was initiated, the mercury content in fishes from Minamta Bay was gradually reduced. It is necessary to supervise strictly to avoid mercury pollution of the environment.
24
He, Chao, Song Hong, Hang Mu, Peiyue Tu, Lu Yang, Biqin Ke, and Jiayi Huang. "Characteristics and Meteorological Factors of Severe Haze Pollution in China." Advances in Meteorology 2021 (June 21, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6680564.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A severe haze pollution incident caused by unfavorable weather conditions and a northern air mass occurred in eastern, northern, northwestern, and southwestern China from January 15 to January 22, 2018. To comparatively analyze variations in PM2.5 pollution, hourly monitoring data and 24 h meteorological data were collected. Air quality observations revealed large spatiotemporal variation in PM2.5 concentrations in Handan, Zhengzhou, Xi’an, Yuncheng, Chengdu, Xiangyang, and Jinan. The daily mean PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 111.35 to 227.23 μg·m−³, with concentration being highest in Zhengzhou. Hourly mean PM2.5 concentration presented multiple U-shaped curves, with higher values at night and lower values during the day. The ratios of PM2.5 to PM10 were large in target cities and the results of multiscale geographic weighted regression model (MGWR) and Pearson correlation coefficients showed that PM2.5 had a significant positive or negative correlation with PM10, CO, NO2, and SO2. The concentration of PM2.5 was closely related to the combustion of fossil fuels and other organic compounds, indicating the large contribution of secondary aerosols to PM2.5 concentrations. The analysis of meteorological conditions showed that low temperature, low wind speed, and high relative humidity could aggravate the accumulation of regional pollutants in winter. Northwestern trajectory clusters were predominant contributions except in Jinan, and the highest PM2.5 concentrations in target cities were associated with short trajectory clusters in winter. The potential sources calculated by Weight Potential Source Contribution Function (WPSCF) and Weight Concentration-Weighted Trajectory (WCWT) models were similar and the highest values of the WPSCF (>0.5) and the WCWT (>100 μg·m−³) were mainly distributed in densely populated, industrial, arid, and semiarid regions.
25
Sullivan, D., P. Brooks, N. Tindale, S. Chapman, and W. Ahmed. "Faecal sterols analysis for the identification of human faecal pollution in a non-sewered catchment." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 5 (March 1, 2010): 1355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, faecal sterols were used to identify human faecal pollution in a non-sewered catchment in Southeast Queensland, Australia. In all, 36 water samples were collected from six sites on six occasions and the concentration of sterols were determined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The stanols concentration in water samples generally increased with increased catchment runoff. After moderate rainfall, high coprostanols levels found in water samples indicated human faecal pollution via defective septic systems. In contrast, it appears that during dry weather human faecal pollution is not occurring in the study catchment. Sterol profiles also pointed to a cattle farm polluting during modest catchment runoff. The method used in this study was able to identify the sources of faecal pollution to the catchment due to rainfall.
26
Tian, M., H. B. Wang, Y. Chen, F. M. Yang, X. H. Zhang, Q. Zou, R. Q. Zhang, Y. L. Ma, and K. B. He. "Characteristics of aerosol pollution during heavy haze events in Suzhou, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 22 (November 26, 2015): 33407–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-33407-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. A comprehensive measurement was carried out to analyze the heavy haze events in Suzhou in January 2013 when extremely severe haze pollution occurred in many cities in China especially in the East. Hourly concentrations of PM2.5, chemical composition (including water-soluble inorganic ions, OC, and EC), and gas-phase precursors were obtained via on-line monitoring system. Based on these data, detailed aerosol composition, light extinction and gas-phase precursors were analyzed to understand the characteristics of the haze events, moreover, the formation mechanism of nitrate and sulfate in PM2.5 and the regional sources deduced from trajectory and PSCF were discussed to explore the origin of the heavy aerosol pollution. The results showed that frequent haze events were occurred on January 2013 and the concentrations of PM2.5 often exceeded 150 μg m-3 during the haze occurrence, with a maximum concentration of 324 μg m-3 on 14 January 2013. Unfavorable weather conditions (high RH, and low rainfall, wind speed and atmospheric pressure), high concentration of secondary aerosol species (including SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, and SOC) and precursors were observed during the haze events. Additionally, OM, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3 were demonstrated to be the major contributors to the visibility impairment but the share differed from haze events. This study also found that the high concentration of sulfate might be explained by the heterogeneous reactions in the aqueous surface layer of pre-existing particles or in cloud processes while nitrate might be mainly formed through homogeneous gas-phase reactions. The results of trajectory clustering and the PSCF method manifested that aerosol pollutions in the studied areas were mainly affected by local activities and surrounding sources transported from nearby cities.
27
Gao, Bo, Xirong Liang, Huaidong Zhou, and Xianglin Tu. "Lead isotopes as a tracer of Pb origin in the sediments from Beijiang River, South China." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 12 (December 1, 2012): 2613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.490.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Concentrations and enrichment of heavy metals were determined in sediments collected from Beijiang River, South China. The Pb isotopic compositions in these sediment samples were also employed to effectively identify metal pollution sources. According to the measured Pb concentrations, the total Pb concentrations in sediments varied from 62.1 to 1,152.5 μg/g, with an average concentration of 249.6 μg/g. The assessment by Geoaccumulation Index indicates that Pb is at the ‘strongly contaminated’ level, indicating that the Pb pollution was mainly due to anthropogenic inputs. The observed isotopic ratios varied from 1.174 to 1.204 for 206Pb/207Pb, 2.452 to 2.478 for 208Pb/207Pb, 18.404 to 18.937 for 206Pb/204Pb, 15.631 to 15.790 for 207Pb/204Pb, 38.455 to 39.121 for 208Pb/204Pb. The majority of these ratios are lower than those reported for natural geological sources, especially for sediments collected from a smelter. Significant correlation between Pb concentration and isotopic ratios suggested possible binary mixing of Pb. Combined with Pb concentration and enrichment levels, our results show that Pb pollution in the sediments of Beijiang River was mainly derived from anthropogenic sources. The mining activities and metal smelting processing was the main source of Pb pollution in this region.
28
Gong, Jiyoung, Changsub Shim, Ki-Chul Choi, and Sungyong Gong. "The Characteristics of PM2.5 Pollution and Policy Implications in Chungcheong Region." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.6.407.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives : This study aims to discuss air quality policy improvement that reflect regional characteristics through analyzing recent PM2.5 concentration, air pollutant emission sources and those contributions to annual PM2.5 concentration in Chungcheong region (Daejeon Metropolitan City, Sejong Metropolitan Autonomous City, the Province of Chungcheongnam-do, and Chungcheongbuk-do) in South Korea. In addition, we identified the characteristics of the PM2.5 pollution at the level of fundamental local government, and demonstrated the number of vulnerable population exposed to high level of PM2.5 concentration in order to propose policy implications in Chungcheong region.Methods : Based on the national emissions estimates (CAPSS: Clean Air Policy Support System) and air quality modelling system, major sectors/sources of air pollutants emission and national contributions of PM2.5 concentrations in Chungcheong region were analyzed. Furthermore, the study identified the number of people exposed to the higher PM2.5 concentrations (>25 µg/m3) by the measurement data and demographics available in 2019.Results and Discussion : The national air pollutants emissions in Chungcheong region were emitted from Chungnam (about 59% of NOx emission volume, 89% of SOx, 70% of NH3, 54% of VOCs, 79% of PM2.5, and 68% of TSP respectively), mainly from industry, domestic, energy, and road sector. According to the results of the air quality modelling, Chungcheong region also had the largest contribution on the average annual PM2.5 concentration in South Korea (27%). Chungnam emitted the largest emission volume of air pollutants, mainly from industry and power generation sectors (especially in Dangjin, Seosan, and Boryeong), while Asan, Yesan, Hongseong, and Cheongyang were classified as the areas with higher PM2.5 concentrations (>25 µg/m3), showing a gap between the areas with large emission volume and high concentration. Chungbuk and Sejong had higher annual PM2.5 concentration due to the influence of external sources and their geographical characteristics. The largest vulnerable population (over 65 years old and under 18 years old) exposed to high PM2.5 concentrations annually lived in Cheongju. Chungbuk had about 40% more air pollutant emission volume than Chungnam, but about 17% more vulnerable population.Conclusions : At the current stage of “master plan” in Chungcheong region, it is important to mitigate air pollutants emissions on the basis of the local emissions characteristic at the level of fundamental local government (such as industry sector in Dangjin, Seosan, and Danyang/ Domestic buring in Cheongju, Cheonan, and Daejeon/power generation in Boryeong, Taean and Dangjin/ road in Daejeon, Cheongju, and Cheoan). In addition, Chungbuk requires management of the areas with higher PM2.5 concentration such as Goesan, Boeun, Okcheon, and Yeongdong located outside “air control zone”. To reduce high level of PM2.5 concentration in Chungcheong region, cooperation with neighboring local governments such as Gyeonggi Province is crucial, and policy solutions are needed between the stakeholders to resolve the disparity issues between areas with larger emission volume and higher PM2.5 concentration.
29
Dumitrescu, Ioan, and Ciprian Nimară. "Evaluation of Air Pollution as a Result of Coal Exploitation in Roşiuţa Coal Pit." Mining Revue 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2022-0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The polluting activity carried out by the coal exploitation in Roşiuţa coal pit has effects on the environment and the main pollution sources of the atmosphere are: suspended powders, particulate matter and burning gases. The pollutants contain substances with different degrees of toxicity. Through the measurements performed “in situ”, for the dust concentration at different points, it was found that the indices of the maximum concentration (MC-mg/m3/air), on the mining areas, were according to the legislation in force. At some points, the dust concentration is higher, but as the distance increases, the pollution is no longer felt, so it can be noticed that the lignite exploitation has a local influence.
30
Li, Bin, Zhuangzhi Zhou, Zhigang Xue, Peng Wei, Yanjun Ren, Liyuan Cao, Xinyu Feng, et al. "Study on the Pollution Characteristics and Sources of Ozone in Typical Loess Plateau City." Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060555.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ground-level ozone is a secondary pollutant produced by photochemical reactions and it adversely affects plant and human health. Taiyuan City, a typical city on the loess plateau, is suffering from severe ozone pollution. We utilized the data from eight national environmental monitoring sites of Taiyuan, including concentrations of O3 and nitric oxide, and meteorological factors, such as air temperature and wind, to study the pollution characteristics and sources of ozone (O3) in Taiyuan in 2018. Results show that during 2018, the maximum value and 90th percentile of the maximum 8-h running average of O3 concentration were 257 μg/m3 and 192 μg/m3, respectively. There were 72 days where the O3 concentration exceeded the standard in 2018, which were mainly during April to August. The O3 concentration increased from March, reached a high level in April through August, and decreased significantly from September. The O3 concentrations displayed a typical “single peak” diurnal variation, which was high during the day with peak at around 13:00–15:00 and low at night. From April to August, the O3 concentrations at Jinyuan was the highest, followed by Xiaodian and Taoyuan, and the O3 concentrations at Shanglan and Nanzhai were the lowest. When the O3 concentration exceeded the standard value, Jinyuan contributed the most to the O3 pollution of Taiyuan, followed by Taoyuan and Xiaodian. High temperature and pressure, south and southwest winds can lead to an increase in O3 concentration. The O3 pollution in the Taiyuan urban area is caused by local generation, and the transportation of polluted air masses containing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by industries, such as the coking and steel plants in counties of Jinzhong City in southern Taiyuan, and Qingxu County, and some counties in Lyuliang City to the southwest. In addition, the mountain winds and low nitric oxide concentration are the main reasons for the increase of O3 concentration, often observed in Shanglan at night.
31
ANGELESCU, D. E., A. HAUSOT, V. HUYNH, and O. SAISON. "Méthodologie et instrumentation innovantes pour étudier l’impact microbiologique de rejets domestiques en rivière." Techniques Sciences Méthodes 6, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202106103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La réduction du risque microbiologique dans les eaux de baignade nécessite des données de terrain précises. Aujourd’hui, des données fiables de terrain suffisamment denses dans le temps et dans l’espace sont difficiles, voire impossibles à recueillir à cause du manque d’appareils de mesure permettant de le faire, de la complexité logistique pour prélever et analyser les échantillons, avec des coûts élevés. Nous présentons une méthodologie innovante avec l’instrumentation associée pour évaluer à moindre coût l’impact microbiologique en rivière de pollutions. Connaître la pollution microbiologique en rivière relève de la modélisation hydrodynamique couplée à des estimations de concentration des sources de pollution et à l’évolution de la microbiologie dans le milieu. Les résultats permettent d’obtenir une estimation de l’évolution des pollutions microbiologiques, mais restent très dépendants des paramètres locaux de calage pour estimer localement un niveau de pollution. La méthodologie présentée ici permet d’obtenir des concentrations précises directement dans le milieu, pour une gamme importante d’événements polluants, en déployant sur site une technologie automatisant les prélèvements et les analyses microbiologiques n’importe où souhaité. Nous présentons une étude de cas où nous avons d’abord quantifié l’impact ponctuel des rejets, colorés à la fluorescéine (traceur) et déclenchés de manière coordonnée, de cinq bateaux, au moyen de mesures à haute densité de la concentration de bactéries Escherichia coli (E. coli) et de la concentration relative (CR) de traceur permettant de calculer les facteurs de dilution. Le prélèvement a été réalisé manuellement à la canne, et de manière automatique avec un drone aquatique ciblant le panache de pollution. Nous avons ensuite évalué l’impact sanitaire des rejets des cinq bateaux sur un mois entier au moyen de l’instrumentation de microbiologie rapide Alert, placée à l’amont et à l’aval du groupe de bateaux, pour distinguer l’impact des rejets des bateaux sur le bruit de fond des E. coli dans la Marne. Tous les instruments utilisés sont actionnés automatiquement, fonctionnent sur batteries et transmettent leurs données sans fil, ce qui dispense du besoin d’un laboratoire pour analyser les prélèvements.
32
Toth, Lorand, Angelica Călămar, Alexandru Simion, and Alin Irimia. "Performing comparative determinations on pollutant immissions through reference methods and by means of infrared spectroscopy." MATEC Web of Conferences 305 (2020): 00057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030500057.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Atmospheric pollutants come from a series of anthropic activities and natural processes. When feeding large amounts of polluting species into the atmospheric layer, the issue of air pollution phenomenology is stated. Atmospheric pollution implies a risk generated by exposure to harmful substances (under different forms of aggregation) for all living organisms in the biosphere. This paper aims to identify the possibility of using an alternative method of determining air quality compared to currently used reference methods. There is the question of checking through statistical tools of the advantage of using a single determination to obtain the pollutant species and the gas concentrations Currently, carbon oxide concentration is determined by non-dispersive IR spectroscopy, nitrogen oxides are determined by chemiluminescence and sulphur dioxide is determined by UV fluorescence, these being the reference methods. For the achievement of highlighting results, the gas concentrations will be determined both by the reference methods and by an alternative method involving Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, imposing on the alternative method quality assurance criteria. By knowing the pollutant levels, can develop various air pollution control technologies and strategies in order to reduce air pollution, also design effective and economically efficient air pollution control strategies for human protection. Expected results involve data processing, obtained from field measurements of polluting species (CO, NOx SO2), through statistical instruments (repeatability / reproducibility limit, bias, accuracy and uncertainty of measurement) and establishing the framing of the results in the performance requirements imposed by the specialized literature in order to use modern methods for quantifying the level of air pollution.
33
Lei, Man Tat, Joana Monjardino, Luisa Mendes, David Gonçalves, and Francisco Ferreira. "Statistical Forecast of Pollution Episodes in Macao during National Holiday and COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 5124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Statistical methods such as multiple linear regression (MLR) and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis were used to build prediction models for the levels of pollutant concentrations in Macao using meteorological and air quality historical data to three periods: (i) from 2013 to 2016, (ii) from 2015 to 2018, and (iii) from 2013 to 2018. The variables retained by the models were identical for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM10), PM2.5, but not for ozone (O3) Air pollution data from 2019 was used for validation purposes. The model for the 2013 to 2018 period was the one that performed best in prediction of the next-day concentrations levels in 2019, with high coefficient of determination (R2), between predicted and observed daily average concentrations (between 0.78 and 0.89 for all pollutants), and low root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and biases (BIAS). To understand if the prediction model was robust to extreme variations in pollutants concentration, a test was performed under the circumstances of a high pollution episode for PM2.5 and O3 during 2019, and the low pollution episode during the period of implementation of the preventive measures for COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding the high pollution episode, the period of the Chinese National Holiday of 2019 was selected, in which high concentration levels were identified for PM2.5 and O3, with peaks of daily concentration exceeding 55 μg/m3 and 400 μg/m3, respectively. The 2013 to 2018 model successfully predicted this high pollution episode with high coefficients of determination (of 0.92 for PM2.5 and 0.82 for O3). The low pollution episode for PM2.5 and O3 was identified during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic period, with a low record of daily concentration for PM2.5 levels at 2 μg/m3 and O3 levels at 50 μg/m3, respectively. The 2013 to 2018 model successfully predicted the low pollution episode for PM2.5 and O3 with a high coefficient of determination (0.86 and 0.84, respectively). Overall, the results demonstrate that the statistical forecast model is robust and able to correctly reproduce extreme air pollution events of both high and low concentration levels.
34
Kiurski, Jelena S., Vladimir M. Rajs, Snežana M. Aksentijević, Aleksandra M. Čavić, and Dragan D. Soleša. "Contribution of Particles to Air Pollution in Green Parks." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 3534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063534.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parks can aid in the regulation of microclimates and the improvement of air quality. They can be utilized in real-world systems to choose the best model for explaining the source of pollutant emissions, indicating the requirement for pollution concentration monitoring. Monitoring concentration trends is critical to formulating a strategy to reduce CO2 emissions and the contribution of these gasses to the greenhouse effect, as well as to curbing the rising levels of PM in the air. The research background of this study was performed in the green parks of Novi Sad, Serbia. The results are represented in terms of the quantity of the pollutants, and the correlation of the examined phenomena through statistical analysis. Aeroqual monitors with laser sensors were used to take measurements of particle pollution (PM2.5/10). The constant was confirmed by inter-comparison laboratory measurements of air-quality quantitative control. The measurement findings revealed a minor variance in concentration values for PM2.5/10 from 26–30 μg/m3, which were within the allowed limits, indicating that the air was moderately clean. The linear link between particle concentrations and nitrogen dioxide in the sample was also validated using simple linear regression, as was the high influence of humidity on particle concentrations.
35
Yang, Kejing, Lingdong Kong, Songying Tong, Jiandong Shen, Lu Chen, Shengyan Jin, Chao Wang, Fei Sha, and Lin Wang. "Double High-Level Ozone and PM2.5 Co-Pollution Episodes in Shanghai, China: Pollution Characteristics and Significant Role of Daytime HONO." Atmosphere 12, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050557.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, high fine particulate (PM2.5) pollution episodes with high ozone (O3) levels have been observed in Shanghai from time to time. However, their occurrence and characteristics remain poorly understood. Meanwhile, as a major precursor of tropospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) that initiates the formation of hydroperoxyl and organic peroxy radicals, HONO would inevitably affect the formation of O3, but its role in the formation of O3 during the double high-level PM2.5 and O3 pollution episodes remains unclear. In this study, the characteristics of the double high pollution episodes and the role of HONO in O3 formation in these episodes were investigated based on field observation in urban Shanghai from 2014 to 2016. Results showed that high PM2.5 pollution and high O3 pollution could occur simultaneously. The cases with data of double high O3 and PM2.5 concentrations accounted for about 1.0% of the whole sampling period. During the double high pollution episodes, there still existed active photochemical processes, while the active photochemical processes at high PM2.5 concentration were conductive to the production and accumulation of O3 under a VOC-limited regime and a calm atmospheric condition including high temperature, moderately high relative humidity, and low wind speed, which in turn enhanced the conversions of SO2 and NO2 and the formation and accumulation of secondary sulfate and nitrate aerosols and further promoted the increase of PM2.5 concentration and the deterioration of air pollution. Further analysis indicated that the daytime HONO concentration could be strongly negatively correlated with O3 concentration in most of the double high pollution episodes, revealing the dominant role of HONO in O3 formation during these pollution episodes. This study provides important field measurement-based evidence for understanding the significant contribution of daytime HONO to O3 formation, and helps to clarify the formation and coexistence mechanisms of the double high-level O3 and PM2.5 pollution episodes.
36
Mansfield, Marc L., and Seth N. Lyman. "Winter Ozone Pollution in Utah’s Uinta Basin is Attenuating." Atmosphere 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High concentrations of ground-level ozone have been observed during wintertime in the Uinta Basin of western Utah, USA, beginning in 2010. We analyze existing ozone and ozone precursor concentration data from 38 sites over 11 winter seasons and conclude that there has been a statistically significant (p < 0.02) decline in ozone concentration over the previous decade. Daily exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone (70 ppb) have been trending downward at the rate of nearly four per year. Ozone and NOx concentrations have been trending downward at the rates of about 3 and 0.3 ppb per year, respectively. Concentrations of organics in 2018 were at about 30% of their values in 2012 or 2013. Several markers, annual ozone exceedance counts and median ozone and NOx concentrations, were at their largest values in the period 2010 to 2013 and have never recovered since then. We attribute the decline to (1) weakening global demand for oil and natural gas and (2) more stringent pollution regulations and controls, both of which have occurred over the previous decade. We also see evidence of ozone titration when snow cover is absent.
37
He, Jin Zhe, Kai Yang, and Pei Long Sun. "The Security Analysis of Trace Elements Accumulated in Fish Tissues with the Aquatic Eco-Environment from Fresh and Marine Waters." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 900–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.900.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The pollution level of trace elements from nine types of fishes was study by ICP-AES techniques, and compare the pollution level differences of trace elements between fishes of fresh and marine waters. Assess the pollution risk of trace elements accumulated in fish tissues with the aquatic eco- environment from fresh and marine waters. The concentration changes of trace elements in fish tissues have some differences from freshwater fish tissues and marine water fish tissues, but the concentration distribution tendency of trace elements was similar. Mg elements had high concentration, Fe elements were rich in fish tissues, and Zn elements were in a relatively lower level in fish tissues. Their bioaccumulation levels with other trace elements, such as Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Se, Cr, Mo, Sn and Al, were not considered as main contaminate elements in fish tissues, the pollution level of toxic elements like Cd, Pb and Hg in most fish tissues from this study demonstrated that the cultivation aquatic eco- environments of fresh water and marine water were relatively safe. But the potential pollutions of toxic elements in fish tissues, such as Cd, Pb, As and Hg should pay main attention.
38
Tao, Ling, Mei Ying Guo, Dan Xu, and Jun Ren. "Effect of Zinc on Seed Germination, Coleoptile Growth and Root Elongation of Six Pulses." Applied Mechanics and Materials 618 (August 2014): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.618.339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ecotoxicological effects of Zn2+ on germination and early seedling growth of six pulses were investigated. Seeds of these plants were exposed to seven different concentrations of Zn (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 mM). The results indicated that root growth and shoot elongation of six pulse plants were more sensitive than seed germination and dry weight for measurement of the toxic of Zn2+ pollutions. Different species show different levels of tolerance to Zn2+ pollution. Vigna radiate and Lathyrus odoratus are the most sensitive to Zn2+, their germination percentage, root growth, shoot elongation and dry weight were significantly lower than other tested species, by contrast, Glycine max and Dumasia villosa are the most resist species, their germination and seedling growth almost were not influenced by Zn2+ pollution significantly comparing the control. There were significantly negatively correlations between seedling growth and increasing concentration of Zn2+ for Glycine max, Lathyrus odoratus and Dumasia villosa. The significantly negative correlations between germination and increasing concentration of Zn2+ were show for Lathyrus odoratus.
39
Hu, Tony, William Zhou, Andrew Li, and Dhananjay Patki. "The relationship between maritime phosphate pollution and socioeconomic wellbeing." STEM Fellowship Journal 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17975/sfj-2021-012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Phosphate rock reserves are expected to deplete in the next 50-100 years, with the point of highest phosphorus production predicted to be in 2030. Phosphate, the base of many fertilizers, is a non-renewable resource. Ocean phosphate concentrations provide a good indication of global fertilizer use, since agricultural runoff often contributes to increases in ocean phosphate concentration. This study explores the relationship between the concentration of phosphate in a nation’s maritime borders and the nation’s score on the Social Progress Index. The study aims to link findings with possible approaches to help meet two of the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals: creating sustainable communities, and conserving and sustainably using oceans. Phosphate concentration data were acquired from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and compared with factors of social welfare from the 2018 Social Progress Index. For each nation on the Social Progress Index, the nation’s score on every factor was separately compared to ocean phosphate concentration data within that nation’s maritime borders, and a linear regression was performed for each comparison. The results indicate countries ranking higher on the Social Progress Index generally have greater ocean phosphate concentrations, suggesting that countries of higher social welfare contribute more to global phosphate use or have greater amounts of fertilizer runoff. The findings should be considered by developed nations to inform decisions around pollution reduction as well as developing nations aiming for sustainable social progress. Both should consider the environmental effects that social progress has or will have on the greater global community, of which the significance to sustainable resource development and environmental protection is invaluable.
40
Chen, Bo, Xinbing Yang, and Jingjing Xu. "Spatio-Temporal Variation and Influencing Factors of Ozone Pollution in Beijing." Atmosphere 13, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020359.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The temporal and spatial distribution and variation characteristics of ozone (O3) in Beijing, China, are investigated using hourly monitoring data from 2020. Kriging interpolation analysis and correlation analysis are applied to describe the spatial-temporal distribution and to identify associated influencing factors. The average concentration of O3 was found to be 59.58 μg·m−3. The daily maximum sliding 8 h average ozone concentration values exceeded the primary standard (100 μg·m−3) for 129 days and exceeded the secondary standard (160 μg·m−3) for 48 days. Temporally, the general pattern of daily maximum 8 h average O3 concentration was high in spring and summer and low in autumn and winter. Monthly average values showed a maximum in June. The highest daily concentrations appeared between 13:00 and 18:00 local time, and O3 concentrations had a distinct weekly pattern of variability with daily average concentrations at weekends higher than those during working days. Spatially, annual average O3 concentrations were highest in the northeast and lowest in the southeast of the city, and the seasonal variation of O3 was most significant in the southwest of the city. In relation to city districts and counties, the annual average O3 concentrations in the Miyun District were the highest, while those in the Haidian District were the lowest. On the whole, annual average O3 concentrations in Beijing were higher in the suburbs than in central areas. Based on daily average values, there was no significant correlation between O3 concentrations and rainfall (p > 0.05), but there were significant correlations between O3 concentration and sunshine hours, wind speed, maximum temperature and minimum temperature (p < 0.05), with correlation coefficients of 0.158, 0.267, 0.724 and 0.703, respectively. O3 concentrations increased with an increasing number of sunshine hours, first increased and then decreased with increasing wind speed and increased with increasing temperature. O3 concentrations were correlated with SO2 concentrations (0.05 < p > 0.001), CO concentrations (p < 0.001) and NO2 concentrations (p < 0.001), the latter having the highest correlation coefficient of −0.553 and exhibiting opposite trends in daily and monthly variations to O3 variations. Analysis of ozone pollution sources showed that automobile exhaust, coal and oil combustion and volatile organic compounds released by industrial plants were the main sources. Terrain affected the distribution of ozone, as well as human activities and industry.
41
Begum, Abida, M. Ramaiah, Harikrishna, Irfanulla Khan, and K. Veena. "Heavy Metal Pollution and Chemical Profile of Cauvery River Water." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 1 (2009): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/154610.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Analysis of water, plankton, fish and sediment reveals that the Cauvery River water in the downstream is contaminated by certain heavy metals. Water samples have high carbonate hardness. Concentrations of all elements and ions increase in the downstream. Main ions are in the following order: Na > HCO3>Mg > K > Ca> Cl > SO4. Heavy metal concentration in water was Cr >Cu ≈ Mn > Co > Ni > Pb > Zn, in fish muscles Cr > Mn > Cu > Ni > Co > Pb ≈ Zn, in phytoplanktens Co > Zn > Pb > Mn > Cr and in the sediments the heavy metal concentration was Co > Cr > Ni ≈ Cu > Mn > Zn > Pb. Although, the quality of Cauvery River may be classified as very good based on the salt and sodium for irrigation, Zn, Pb and Cr concentration exceeded the upper limit of standards. Metal concentrations in the downstream indicate an increase in the pollution load due to movement of fertilizers, agricultural ashes, industrial effluents and anthropogenic wastes. An immediate attention from the concerned authorities is required in order to protect the river from further pollution.
42
Zhang, Junfeng (Jim), and Paul J. Lioy. "Human Exposure Assessment in Air Pollution Systems." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 497–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.119.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The air pollution problem can be depicted as a system consisting of several basic components: source, concentration, exposure, dose, and adverse effects. Exposure, the contact between an agent (e.g., an air pollutant) and a target (e.g., a human respiratory tract), is the key to linking the pollution source and health effects. Human exposure to air pollutants depends on exposure concentration and exposure duration. Exposure concentration is the concentration of a pollutant at a contact boundary, which usually refers to the human breathing zone. However, ambient concentrations of regulated pollutants at monitoring sites have been measured in practice to represent actual exposure. This can be a valid practice if the pollutants are ones that are predominantly generated outdoors and if the monitoring sites are appropriately selected to reflect where people are. Results from many exposure studies indicate that people are very likely to receive the greatest exposure to many toxic air pollutants not outside but inside places such as homes, offices, and automobiles. For many of these pollutants, major sources of exposure can be quite different from major sources of emission. This is because a large emission source can have a very small value of exposure effectiveness, i.e., the fraction of pollutant released from a source that actually reaches the human breathing zone. Exposure data are crucial to risk management decisions for setting priorities, selecting cost-effective approaches to preventing or reducing risks, and evaluating risk mitigation efforts. Measurement or estimate of exposure is essential but often inadequately addressed in environmental epidemiologic studies. Exposure can be quantified using direct or indirect measurement methods, depending upon the purpose of exposure assessment and the availability of relevant data. The rapidly developing battery and electronic technologies as well as advancements in molecular biology are expected to accelerate the improvement of current methods and the development of new methods for future exposure assessment.
43
Paliulis, Dainius. "Evaluation of Zinc Accumulation in Moss (Pylaisia polyantha) Growing Near Intensive Traffic Street Based on Modelling and Experimental Data." Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 23 (2021): 198–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.54740/ros.2021.013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pylaisia polyantha moss growing near intensive traffic in Geležinis Vilkas street at Vingis Park (Vilnius) was selected as an indicator of environmental pollution. Two models were applied for the study: the Gaussian plume model – for zinc emission from automobiles calculation and mathematical model – for recalculating the zinc emission from transport to zinc concentration in moss. Moss samples were collected during spring, summer and autumn. There were no significant changes in Zn concentrations between these periods. Zn emission dispersion from pollution source was calculated only for one vehicle, in order to reach relationships between environmental conditions and dispersion of Zn emission from vehicle exhaust fumes pipe. It was detected that the concentration of Zn tends to decrease with the distance from the pollution source. It was observed that there was a strong relationship between wind speed and Zn concentration – the slower the wind speed, the higher concentration of zinc in moss.
44
Datta, Arindam, Ved Prakash Sharma, Tanushree Gaine, and Meena Sehgal. "Mitigation of domestic indoor air pollution in a pristine rural area of India." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 28, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-08-2015-0161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Different pollutants emission due to the conventional energy consumption process is of major concern owed to its significant effect on human health vis-à-vis regional climate. The purpose of this paper is to develop mitigation strategies to reduce the pollutant concentrations in the rural households conducted in a pristine rural village of Indian Sunderban area. Design/methodology/approach During winter, 2014, 20 households which were using traditional biomass cookstove for cooking and kerosene-lamp for lighting (KIT-TRD) were randomly selected. Specific type of improved forced draft biomass cookstove and solar lantern were used in ten of the selected households (KIT-IMP). Real time concentrations of particulate matter (PM) (PM2.5, PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO) during day and evening time cooking period were measured in KIT-IMP and KIT-TRD. A simulation model was established to evaluate most potential factor to control the level of pollutants inside the kitchen. Findings Conventional processes of energy consumption in the households, along with the outdoor concentration of pollutants influence the indoor concentration of measured pollutants. The concentration of PM and CO was significantly lower in the KIT-IMP than the other. In the KIT-TRD households, the daytime concentration of PM and CO was significantly higher compared to the evening. The simulated output overestimated the concentration of PM10 and CO in the KIT-TRD. Originality/value The concentration of PM2.5, PM10 and CO significantly reduces in the indoor environment with the introduction of improved cookstove and solar lantern; however, further research is required to develop optimum sizes of window and door in the rural households to reduce the concentrations of different pollutants inside the kitchen.
45
Liang, Longwu, and Zhenbo Wang. "Control Models and Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Air Pollution in the Rapidly Developing Urban Agglomerations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper systematically summarizes the hierarchical cross-regional multi-directional linkage in terms of air pollution control models implemented in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, including the hierarchical linkage structure of national-urban agglomeration-city, the cross-regional linkage governance of multiple provinces and municipalities, the multi-directional linkage mechanism mainly involving industry access, energy structure, green transportation, cross-regional assistance, monitoring and warning, consultation, and accountability. The concentration data of six air pollutants were used to analyze spatiotemporal characteristics. The concentrations of SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO decreased, and the concentration of O3 increased from 2014 to 2017; the air pollution control has achieved good effect. The concentration of O3 was the highest in summer and lowest in winter, while those of other pollutants were the highest in winter and lowest in summer. The high pollution ranges of O3 diffused from south to north, and those of other pollutants decreased significantly from north to south. Finally, we suggest strengthening the traceability and process research of heavy pollution, increasing the traceability and process research of O3 pollution, promoting the joint legislation of different regions in urban agglomeration, create innovative pollution discharge supervision mechanisms, in order to provide significant reference for the joint prevention and control of air pollution in urban agglomerations.
46
Vanderplanck, Maryse, Benoît Lapeyre, Margot Brondani, Manon Opsommer, Mathilde Dufay, Martine Hossaert-McKey, and Magali Proffit. "Ozone Pollution Alters Olfaction and Behavior of Pollinators." Antioxidants 10, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050636.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Concentration of air pollutants, particularly ozone (O3), has dramatically increased since pre-industrial times in the troposphere. Due to the strong oxidative potential of O3, negative effects on both emission and lifetime in the atmosphere of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have already been highlighted. VOCs alteration by O3 may potentially affect the attraction of pollinators that rely on these chemical signals. Surprisingly, direct effects of O3 on the olfaction and the behavioral response of pollinators have not been investigated so far. We developed a comprehensive experiment under controlled conditions to assess O3 physiological and behavioral effects on two pollinator species, differing in their ecological traits. Using several realistic concentrations of O3 and various exposure times, we investigated the odor antennal detection and the attraction to VOCs present in the floral scents of their associated plants. Our results showed, in both species, a clear effect of exposure to high O3 concentrations on the ability to detect and react to the floral VOCs. These effects depend on the VOC tested and its concentration, and the O3 exposure (concentration and duration) on the pollinator species. Pollination systems may, therefore, be impaired in different ways by increased levels of O3, the effects of which will likely depend on whether the exposure is chronic or, as in this study, punctual, likely causing some pollination systems to be more vulnerable than others. While several studies have already shown the negative impact of O3 on VOCs emission and lifetime in the atmosphere, this study reveals, for the first time, that this impact alters the pollinator detection and behavior. These findings highlight the urgent need to consider air pollution when evaluating threats to pollinators.
47
Zorzos, Achilleas, Antonis Alexiadis, and Stavros Zacharopoulos. "Air Pollution: Sources and Global Statistics." Open Schools Journal for Open Science 1, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/osj.19576.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Air pollution is called the presence of any kind or form of substances, noise or radiation found in the atmosphere in such a quantity, concentration or duration capable of causing harm in human health, living organisms and ecosystems. By understanding the reasons behind the increase of air polluting substances in the atmosphere, we may have better chances of solving the problem in the future.
48
Nascimento, Luiz Fernando Costa, Luciana Cristina Pompeo Ferreira Vieira, Kátia Cristina Cota Mantovani, and Demerval Soares Moreira. "Air pollution and respiratory diseases: ecological time series." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 134, no. 4 (July 18, 2016): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2015.0237250216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Exposure to air pollutants is one of the factors responsible for hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases. The objective here was to estimate the effect of exposure to particulate matter (such as PM2.5) on hospitalizations due to certain respiratory diseases among residents in Volta Redonda (RJ). DESIGN AND SETTING: Ecological time series study using data from Volta Redonda (RJ). METHODS: Data on hospital admissions among residents of Volta Redonda (RJ), between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2012, due to pneumonia, acute bronchitis, bronchiolitis and asthma, were analyzed. Daily data on PM2.5 concentrations were estimated through the CCATT-BRAMS model. The generalized additive Poisson regression model was used, taking the daily number of hospitalizations to be the dependent variable and the PM2.5 concentration to be the independent variable, with adjustment for temperature, relative humidity, seasonality and day of the week, and using lags of zero to seven days. Excess hospitalization and its cost were calculated in accordance with increases in PM2.5 concentration of 5 µg/m3. RESULTS: There were 752 hospitalizations in 2012; the average concentration of PM2.5 was 17.2 µg/m3; the effects of exposure were significant at lag 2 (RR = 1.017), lag 5 (RR = 1.022) and lag 7 (RR = 1,020). A decrease in PM2.5 concentration of 5 µg/m3 could reduce admissions by up to 76 cases, with a decrease in spending of R$ 84,000 a year. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study provide support for implementing public health policies in this municipality, which is an important steelmaking center.
49
Lin, Jie, and Y. E. Ge. "Impacts of traffic heterogeneity on roadside air pollution concentration." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 11, no. 2 (March 2006): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2005.12.001.
Повний текст джерела
50
Yuval, Ilan Levy, and David M. Broday. "Improving modeled air pollution concentration maps by residual interpolation." Science of The Total Environment 598 (November 2017): 780–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.117.
Повний текст джерела