Дисертації з теми "Politiques et sociétaux"
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Paré, Sophie. "L’engagement religieux, politique et sociétal des Kriegsenkel dans l’Allemagne contemporaine : Répercussions du national-socialisme dans l’histoire familiale et les biographies individuelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ANGE0084.
The National Socialism represents a gloomy period of German history. It has been the subject of numerous controversies in academic circles. Initially considered a taboo in post-war society, it was better accepted officially in the following decades, so much so that a culture of remembrance saw the light of day in the late eighties. This remarkable sign of willingness to beself-critical is to be praised. Nonetheless, it never truly managed to penetrate the private sphere : that is why the Nazi past still remains a painful subject in the families of our respondents, who see themselves as Kriegsenkel. But who are they? Kriegsenkel literally means “The grandchildren of the War”. The term refers to the grandparents who were involved in the Hitlerian regime.The Kriegsenkel, most of whom were born between 1960 and 1980 identify with this conceptby choice. It also involves the idea of a transgenerational transmission of trauma stemming from the second conflict. At the turn ofthe 2000s Kriegsenkel talking groups emerged in German-speaking countries, which was an unprecedented phenomenon.This study presents the results of a qualitative survey of the Kriegsenkel whose family history was marked by the Third Reich. The descendants of leading Nazi dignitaries are however not included in our sample group. Our aim is to explore the fallouts of the National Socialism in the biography of respondents through the prism of their religious, political and societal involvements. The survey reveals how memory, History and involvement fit together
Martinod, Restrepo Ronald Mauricio. "Politiques d’exploitation et de maintenance intégrées pour l’optimisation économique, sociétale et environnementale des systèmes de transports urbains interconnectés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0069.
Urban public transport systems influence the infrastructure of urban areas and the lives of their inhabitants while directly stimulating the economy. Intelligent urban public transport systems help to improve the quality of life and the environment in cities. The rapid development of urban transport solutions has led to a large number of operators entering the market, thus preventing a global optimum. These discrete optimisations, without any articulation between transport operators, avoid the identification of a global optimum. As a result, the inefficient operation of urban public transport systems does not necessarily reduce the environmental cost. To address these challenges, this thesis proposes a methodology associated with mathematical models developing optimisation approaches for multimodal public transport networks, for achieving the best service policy while minimising operation costs in order to satisfy the principle of sustainability, frequently expressed in urban development goals
Lembrez, Lucie. "Mécanismes de la sexualité en France, bisexualité et enjeux sociétaux : l'essor d'une nouvelle révolution sexuelle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H003/document.
The aim of this thesis is to find out what guides our choices in terms of sexuality, private behaviour, in our social identity representation in western society and more precisely in France. Bisexuality embodies a new form of sexuality that questions the link that may exist between sex (and all the devices that go along with such as bisexual identity, bisexual militancy and the actual practice of bisexuality) and social institutions. Our thesis goes from the question of our sexual freedom all the way up to the hypotheses that we are the stakeholders and the victims at the same time of a power of sexuality that mingles institutional actions in our private sphere and opposition in our public sphere. Therefore sexuality becomes the object of political stakes and the object of a complex mechanism, a kind of machinery that intermingles with a variety of notions : body, desire, procreation, parenthood and gender as a link-up of the whole. While bisexuality being a priority in this study, the critical analysis of heterosexuality, homosexuality and homoparenthood in the french society is transversal, being questioned in relation to the actual practice of sexuality in the french society. A first survey helped us understand how french people look at this link and question the key-ideas wich are essential to our thesis. The psychanalytic theories on sexuality – and sexualities – and specifically the Freudian theories, together with our field survey, shows that we might be at the edge of a new sexual era, presenting new boundaries between the private and the public spheres. This allows us to talk about a new sexual revolution following the one that occured in the Occident in the 1970s. This sexual revolution, as asserted in his time by Michel Foucault, brings to mind the idea of a sexuality that reveals its social and political power and can lead us to speak of a « sexual monarchy ». Through this analysis based on a theoretical study and a field survey, this thesis helps us understand our sexual and emotional choices and the way we handle our love feeling in a society where the links between sexual speeches and their political representations seem to be ambiguous. This leads us to question our sexual freedom. Furthermore, how to consider the new place of sexual minorities in France today ? Is bisexuality the embodiment of a new revolution regarding how we live our sexuality and the way we love each other ?
Khristova, Andreana. "Intégration européenne, déterminants sociétaux et insertion professionnelle des jeunes : une comparaison Allemagne, France, Italie et Royaume-Uni." Nancy 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN20006.
David, Marion. "Penser le fait prostitutionnel : Enjeux moraux et politiques de la question sanitaire dans le traitement sociétal d'une activité stigmatisée." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3005.
Limardi, Michela. "Politiques commerciales, gouvernement et régulation non-étatique des normes internationales du travail et de l'environnement." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010033.
Dhaouadi, Inès. "Étude de l’émergence d’une conception politique de la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise : application au cas Shell Tunisie." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10054.
The past decade has been marked by a growing involvement of transnational corporations in activities that are more akin to functions normally given over the Nation-state. These activities reveal the emergence of a political conception of CSR which confers a political role to business firms in a globalized society. The aim of this dissertation is to discuss the relevance of the governementality framework developed by Michel Foucault to the study of the emergence of a political conception of CSR and its effects in terms of power dynamics. We design a qualitative and abductive research drawing on a genealogical perspective. The Shell Tunisia case study is based on in-depth interviews with 52 of its senior managers and 23 of its stakeholder's representatives. The discourse analysis made by the qualitative data analysis software Nvivo 8 has shown three main results. First, we identified various sector-based, institutional, organizational and discretionary conditions which underlie the emergence of a political conception of CSR. We then showed that economic and political motivations largely explain firm's politicization. Finally, we highlighted that this politicization constitutes a new governementality regime of the business and society interface that was supported by the formation of new objetcs, forms and techniques of government
Rollet, Vincent. "Dimensions identitaire, sécuritaire et sociétale de la politique étrangère de Taiwan dans le domaine de la lutte contre les maladies infectieuses (2000-2008)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0068.
While the last decades have been characterized by the acceleration of the emergence or re-emergence of infectious diseases, many governments have placed the fight against these diseases on their Foreign policy agenda. Two main questions can be raised: what has been the nature of their foreign policy and which dynamics prompted or conditioned them? To answer these questions and to contribute to the general debate on the link between « Foreign policy » and « Health », this research will focus on the Taiwan case. It shows that despite the particular situation of Taiwan on the international scene, since 2000, its government has conducted a specific foreign policy to fight against infectious diseases which has taken several forms. Calling upon the conceptual tools proposed by the Constructivist, Realist and Liberal streams of International Relations commonly used to analyse Foreign Policy, this thesis provides an original interpretation of this foreign policy. It also shows that corporative, role-type and collective identities, as well as exigencies of security and societal demands, represent the explicative factors of this foreign policy. This research concludes that the Foreign Policy conducted by Taiwan between 2000 and 2008 in the fight against infectious diseases held identity, security and societal dimensions, which then displays the multidimensional aspect of a Foreign Policy in the field of Health
Delalieux, Guillaume. "Responsabilité sociale des entreprises et ONG : une approche critique des dimensions politiques de la gestion des ONG." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50374-2007-Delalieux.pdf.
Féron, Aurélien. "Persistance biochimique et récalcitrance politique. Enquête socio-historique sur les résurgences multiscalaires d’un problème environnemental et sanitaire." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH135.
Massively synthesized from the 1930s, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) are among the chemicals whose uses have been progressively banned at the global scale for sanitary reasons, after many decades of industrial production and varied usages in industry as well as in commodities into offices and households. They have been described since the end of the 1960s as an omnipresent pollutant in the environment, accumulating in the bodies of living organisms, toxic, "persistent" (which – wherever it is – does not, or almost not, degrade over time), and which can be eliminated only by incineration at a very high temperature. These chemicals have been the subject of numerous political actions since the early 1970s: not only have the production and use of these substances been progressively banned, but regulatory devices and industrial sectors have been developed to carry their elimination out.This thesis examines how damages, problems, hazards and risks have been associated with PCBs and how all these have been managed. In this perspective, the world contamination by these substances appears, over the last five decades, as a recalcitrant problem: the multiplication of technical and political devices that have aimed at managing the (potential) adverse effects of PCBs have not prevent new problems from arising and certain types of problems already tackled in the past from resurfacing.Based on archives, interviews and documents collected online, this thesis first sets some milestones for a transnational history of the qualification and management of health and environmental issues related to PCBs since the beginning of their industrial production in 1929. It then focuses on three "cases" in France, between the mid-1980s and today, during which PCBs, from local problematization, prompted interventions of different actors, including scientists, associations and public authorities. Thus, it sheds light on scientific, technical, industrial, social and political dynamics that, beyond the consensus in scientific community on the biochemical persistence of these compounds, have made the political recalcitrance of the "PCB problem" over decades
Gonzalez, Espinosa Ana Carolina. "Empresas y promoción del accountability público para la gestión local de la renta extractiva : genealogía y dinámicas de la acción política empresarial en Colombia y Perú." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0024.
Companies often intervene to promote 'governance' in countries where they work, and they do so in response to questioning from different kinds of stakeholders. But their responses are not always reactive and they build upon new corporate political strategies. Nevertheless, their interference in public affairs deeply related to state operation and democracy issues, arouses serious concerns among different interested parties. This dissertation addresses the genealogy and dynamics of such business practices through the analysis of three initiatives where extractive companies intervene to promote public accountability for the local management of natural resource revenues. Two questions articulate our research. First, we examine the causes: in which context this private sector intervention occurs; and which factors, values or interests can explain it? Then, we probe the consequences of corporations’ participation in two levels: the type of accountability that is promoted, and the changes it generates among actors’ relations of power at the local level
Ferdinand, Malcom. "Penser, l'écologie depuis le monde caribéen : Enjeux politiques et philosophiques de conflits écologiques (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haïti, Porto Rico)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/FERDINAND_Malcom_1_va_20160930.pdf.
How can we conceptualize ecological issues from the Caribbean world? What are the specificities of an ecological thought from the postcolonial societies of the Caribbean? This thesis tackles these questions with an interdisciplinary approach. It starts with an historical investigation on the foundation of the colonial Caribbean world and its relations to humans and non-humans. It follows with a sociological study of contemporary ecological conflicts in the Caribbean. This includes an in-depth study of the political and philosophical issues of the contamination of Martinique and Guadeloupe with pesticides used in banana plantations, such as chlordecone. The analysis of the critical discourses and the collective mobilizations shows an ecological thought that challenges the colonial constitution of the Caribbean world: a decolonial ecology. Besides, a focus is put on certain ecological policies that exacerbate political discriminations and social inequalities, as in the case of certain reforestation projects in Haiti, or the Wildlife Refuge of Vieques in Puerto Rico. Finally, a literary study reveals how a global ecological discourse encounters an imaginary of slavery and its main figures, such as the slave ship and the Maroon, that structure relations to the land, to nature and to the world. These three approaches draw the main characteristics of a Caribbean ecology that strives to inhabit the earth and to found a world. These experiences enabled me to propose an ecological thought that has the world as the horizon: a world-ecology
Ramrajsingh, Athissingh. "Les nouvelles technologies Web, facteur d'un glissement de la prérogative politique? : approche critico-discursive du mode d'existence idéologique du Web 2.0 révélant ses impensés et analyse des enjeux sur le plan macro-sociétal." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32079.
The concept of “Web 2. 0” has been so much discussed since it was first introduced in September 2005, that it has become difficult to perceive all its technical, economic and political developments. This work proposes a critical approach to this concept with a view to revealing its full scope, which seems to be hidden, either consciously or unconsciously, by technical experts as well as political or economic actors. The first part of this research work is based upon the discursive analysis of a compendium of bloggers’ postings in order to characterise the way “Web 2. 0” is viewed by bloggers. Two major arguments support this representation, namely increasing participation to the creation of content and power seizure by Internet surfers. The second part puts both arguments to the test by studying the workings of a given community, then the “success” of “Web 2. 0” through what is referred to as “simultaneity paradox” by physicists. Lastly, this work proposes a political insight into “web 2. 0” by putting it back into perspective and by shedding light on the manner in which it is giving rise to a shift in prerogative from politicians to private actors in the Internet industry
Bruna, Maria Giuseppina. "Le portage d'une politique de diversité en entreprise comme processus de changement : enjeux stratégiques et dynamiques socio-organisationnelles." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090041.
The present thesis addresses - cross-cutting the fields of organization sociology, strategic management and human resources - the motivation-stakes, the strategic challenges and the phenomenology inherent to the conduction of a diversity policy in the companies. The innovative nature of a diversity policy is evaluated vs. several criteria, such as the co-existence of discursive, normative and operation-oriented dimensions, the existence of a socio-organisational dynamics leading to a managerial training-learning process and the inscription of the diversity-driven change in a curling- expansion mode of progress.Accordingly, the thesis adopts an open-minded heuristically-based approach (which combines and profits from induction and deduction), uses diverse and diversified sources (four exploratory investigations, a case-study addressing the diversity policy of the La Poste group from the beginnings of 2006 to the end of 2012) and relies upon numerous investigations
Mourad, Marie. "La lutte contre le gaspillage alimentaire en France et aux Etats-Unis : mise en cause, mise en politique et mise en marché des excédents alimentaires." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0014/document.
Through the case of the “fight against food waste” in France and the United States, this thesis aims to reveal how, concretely, capitalist organizations evolve as they incorporate social and ecological critiques, following what Boltanski and Chiapello theorized in The New Spirit of Capitalism (2007). Based on the qualitative analysis of 213 interviews and more than 125 observations within environmental and charity organizations, public administrations, and private firms in the two countries, carried out from 2013 to 2017, this research shows how food waste was constructed as a public issue, became the object of public policies, and how it impacted the functioning of food production and markets. I argue that activists, policy makers, and corporate social responsibility managers have ensured not only the politicization but also the (re)marketization of food that used to be thrown away, through mechanisms of revaluation, reallocation, and recategorization. These food waste entrepreneurs adopted a consensual and reformist approach, which rarely tackled the underlying power relationships generating excess food. Thus, they contributed to reshaping food systems in a way that favored powerful firms—as well as non-profit or start-up founders who benefited from new opportunities. Offering this reflexive insight, this thesis encourages actors in the fight against food waste in both France and the United States to question their own role in promoting the adaptation of capitalist organizations
Gandillot, Estelle. "Les effets des politiques d’incitations au déploiement de pratiques RSE : le cas de l’emploi des personnes handicapées dans les organisations des secteurs médico-social et pharmaceutique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS415/document.
Initially, the employment of disabled people represented a voluntary practice for ordinary environment organisations - a CSR commitment for sustainable societal welfare. However, due to insufficient outcomes, an obligation to employ disabled people was introduced with the law 2005-102, strengthen the existing body of laws. Our work aims to understand the effects of this incentive-based tax scheme on the integration of disabled people employment quality in organizations, and in a broader manner on CSR commitments. To understand the impact of incentives – in this case the 2005 incentive tax – on CSR practices related to the employment of disabled people, we have conducted different case studies focusing on the medico-social and pharmaceuticl sector. We identified a wide range of practices in organisations - both standard and non-standard - that aim to integrate disabled workers. We observed that organisations point out more often internal rather than external drivers to explain their commitments - although they identify the current incentive system and find it useful in general. Finally, this thesis has outlined the coexistence of three specific climates which had various sensibilities – oak, sunflower and reed - to incentive policies. Appears three forms of organisational behaviour as regards to the employment of disabled people in an incentive context: voluntary, strategic and detached behavior
Eickhoff, Engelen Ute. "Die betriebliche Sozialpolitik von Volkswagen und Peugeot von 1944 bis 1979 : eine vergleichende Studie." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0058.
This dissertation contributes to the exploration of this subject long time neglected in historical research because corporate social activities changed distinctly in the post-war era due to the expansion of public social policy and the rise in living standard. Corporate social policy was increasingly subjected to bargaining between the managements, the work councils and the labor unions. For the main factories of Volkswagen and Peugeot situated in relatively sparsely populated areas, social benefits played a similarly important role for employment. Different documents mainly originating from the companies formed the empirical basis. The micro-political approach has been used and complemented by the concept of embeddedness. The transformation of corporate social policy after 1945 was characterized by tendencies like the financial, indirect and subsidiary support of social measures, their codification and the increase of the benefits and the number of recipients. Despite disparities in a number of conditions, the social systems of Volkswagen and Peugeot often developed in the same direction, however, with different key aspects. Among the most important factors of their corporate social policies, we must count the location of the plants, the financial situation of the company, the shortage of labor as weIl as the promotion by the managers and the claims of the employees and their representatives. With regard to the increasing negotiation of corporate social benefits and to their changes in content, it seems fitting to speak of their democratization in the post-war era
Bouterfas, Imane. "RSE stratégique, création de valeur et innovation durable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASI008.
The implementation of a strategic CSR approach and its success is essential for a corporation to be competitive. Corporations need to view a proactive and strategic CSR approach as a source of competitive advantage. Such an approach can "bring benefits in terms of risk management, cost savings, access to capital, customer relationships, human resource management, and innovation capacity" (European Commission, 2011). Our case studies demonstrate that these companies generate significant value from their social and environmental practices by focusing on the development of a CSR strategy that best matches their organizational identity, which implies that the companies merge their societal strategies with their most essential value creation concepts.The studies show that these corporations share certain similarities in the ways that they build and develop their CSR approach: the formulation of a socially committed raison d'être, recorded in the company's regulations, and the need to incorporate sustainable innovation in their production processes and their products and services offer. By sharing these studies, this research work aims at contributing to the already existing literature about building successful CSR strategies and to provide guidance by developing a conceptual blueprint
Lefèvre, Mathias. "Les firmes transnationales et l'institution social-historique du changement climatique." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169596.
Klein, Asmara. "La "transparence", une norme et ses nouvelles pratiques transnationales : l’exemple de l’Initiative pour la Transparence dans l’Industrie Extractive." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0053.
The British Prime Minister launched the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in 2002 in response to the transnational Publish What You Pay campaign (PWYP). The NGOs, which are member of the PWYP coalition, had been fighting the resource curse by advocating for more transparency in the extractive industries. They argued that empowering citizens of resource rich countries by informing them about the wealth generated by extraction would help insure that those extractive revenues were properly accounted for. The EITI took over this idea and gathered representatives from civil society organisations, extractive companies and governments to design a global standard which resource rich countries can voluntarily decide to comply with. the EITI standard is based on a reconciliation of payments declared by companies on the one hand and revenues declared by the state on the other. The reports that come out of this reconciliation process are then disseminated and can lead to a general public discussion about the way extractive rents are managed. What lead actors from different backgrounds, with often conflicting interests, to agree on a transparency norm and what can this consensus tell us about the notion of transparency and its present (and profuse) use in international development programmes ? This thesis investigates the reasons for the emergence of the transparency norm and its fast diffusion on the international scene in the last 10 to 15 years. It also looks at some of the concrete practices that resulted from this normative evolution, which contributes to a thinking about the renewal of political authority in the international system
Séhier, Clément. "Responsabilité sociale des entreprises et capitalisme en république populaire de Chine : quelles transformations du rapport salarial ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12023/document.
This thesis questions the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the evolution of working conditions and, more broadly, in the transformation of the wage-labour nexus in the Chinese industry relying massively on cheap workforce. We use an institutionalist framework to put CSR in the Chinese context of transition from a socialist to a capitalist system, showing that during the last decade, rising pressure from Chinese workers has convinced the Chinese government that institutions more protective of workers should be created. We differentiate three approaches to CSR, based on the intentions of the actors and on the instruments implemented. We examine the capacity of each approach to influence labour relations within the factories, and more broadly, to contribute to the construction of a new social compromise. We show that the "compliance" approach, the most widespread in the Chinese industry, has largely failed to improve working conditions, and tends instead to reproduce the buying practices of multinational corporations in global value chains. We are also interested in two types of instruments that are less common, but closer to the concerns of the Chinese industry. The "expertise" approach developed by consulting companies, but also by the government and by the International Labour Office, combines the objective of improving working conditions to the optimisation of production. Finally, some labour "NGOs" from Hong Kong and the Guangdong province are developing programs of "participatory" CSR, aiming at establishing collective bargaining mechanisms within factories, thus bypassing some of the political obstacles to their activities
Bédécarrats, Florent. "La microfinance entre utilité sociale et performances financières : Le rôle des normes dans la gouvernance d'un secteur mondialisé." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866895.
Delhaye, Coralie. "Comparaison des positionnements entre savoirs scientifiques et croyances religieuses à propos des origines du vivant dans les curriculums officiels grec, français et belge." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209167.
La littérature scientifique qui traite de cette problématique dans le cadre de l’enseignement scolaire en Europe ,analyse les conceptions d’acteurs de l’enseignement scolaire – enseignants et/ou élèves – sur ce sujet, en étudiant notamment le lien qu’entretiennent ces conceptions avec les représentations que ces mêmes acteurs ont de la science, avec leurs parcours personnels, avec leur formation, etc. Un point aveugle observé dans cette littérature est la rareté des recherches portant sur les directives officiellement adressées aux enseignants. C’est pourquoi nous avons choisi de nous pencher sur le contenu de ces directives.
Cette recherche a, en premier lieu, une visée exploratoire. Elle consiste à construire et utiliser un instrument théorique et méthodologique qui permet, d’une part, d’identifier des représentations du savoir scientifique, de la croyance religieuse et/ou de leurs rapports (ou non rapports) véhiculées par les curriculums prescrits européens et, d’autre part, de déterminer des mécanismes à travers lesquels ces représentations pourraient influencer, d’une façon ou d’une autre, le rejet ou l’acceptation de la théorie de l’évolution au nom de croyances créationnistes ou encore, inversement, le rejet ou l’acceptation de croyances créationnistes au nom de la théorie de l’évolution. Pour repérer les représentations recherchées, nous utilisons la méthode de l’analyse de contenu thématique.
Une autre visée de cette étude est confirmatoire. Il s’agit de confirmer le postulat suivant lequel la nature des éventuelles représentations repérées au sein des curriculums prescrits au moyen de l’instrument susmentionné peut être mise en lien – lien dont la nature sera définie dans le corps de notre dissertation, sur la base de l’analyse de données sociohistoriques rapportées dans la littérature – avec les modalités de gestion de la laïcité mises en place par les politiques éducatives de différents pays européens :la France, la Grèce et la Belgique francophone. Ces pays ont justement été sélectionnés pour leur profil divergent en matière de politiques de gestion de la diversité culturelle. Pour démontrer ce lien, nous nous livrons à une analyse comparative sociétale.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Botton, Sarah. "Privatisation des services urbains et desserte des quartiers défavorisés : une responsabilité sociale en partage : le cas des services d'eau et d'assainissement, d'électricité et de télécommunications dans les quartiers 'carenciados' de l'agglomération de Buenos Aires (Argentine) de 1991 à 2004." Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085961.
This thesis confronts the notion of "privatization" with that of "universal urban services" by questioning the concept of "corporate social responsibility" It investigates the management practices of water, electricity and telecommunications operators in the greater Buenos Aires with respect to a "new" category of customers: those who live in shantytowns, lower-income neighbourhoods or housing projects, grouped in this research under the heading of carenciados neighbourhoods. The basic urban services were an integral part of the large privatization programme implemented under the pressure of international financial institutions in the early 1990s and, as such, make a particularly relevant vehicle for the critical analysis of the social efficiency of public utility companies run according to market principles. Through an analysis of the companies' discourses and practices, this thesis explores their motivation for implementing development programs, developing the required professionalization processes and building specific skills for the teams in charge of the projects. It also proposes an analysis of the evolutions of the tripartite relation "carenciados neighbourhoods - private companies - local authorities" and, more widely, of patterns of cooperation between the various players in the field. In offering a rereading of Jacques Girin's "organizational arrangements" theory, this thesis provides a novel analysis of the sectorial discrepancies in the responses of Argentinean companies to the "Social Responsibility" mandates set forth by the large corporations: Suez, EDF and France Télécom
De, Oliveira Jean-Philippe. "Communication publique et formes de gouvernabilité contemporaines de l'Etat. Le cas de l'homosexualité dans les campagnes de prévention du sida en France (1987-2007)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740256.
Komi, Abdoul Karim. "Impacts socio-économiques des bonnes pratiques du développement durable sur une entreprise et ses parties prenantes : de l’opérationnalisation de la performance sociale à une action collective dans la promotion immobilière." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL12002.
Corporate Social Performance (CSP) is part of an approach principles-process-results based on Stakeholder Theory. Its operationalization refers to difficulties particularly due to the concept of Sustainable Development: complex socio-technical issues, incompatible concerns (social, environmental and economic) ... To these difficulties, are added those of an stakeholder approach: identification, intra/inter-category conflicts, relationship dynamics, ... Accordingly, it is to coordinate the stakeholders to avoid conflicts. This engages the question of collective action on CSP operationalization. This "CIFRE-thesis" is particularly interested in the conditions for the emergence and sustainability of such action; these conditions emanating from the consultation of stakeholders and fundamentally the exceeding (compromise) of their conflicts. The tools offered by the theories of collective action is mobilized to overcome the difficulties in the CSP operationalization ; approaches in terms of "Economies de la Grandeur" to capture the conflicts and compromises; the theory of negotiated order to better identify the stakeholders moving between conflicts and coalitions, then enrolling in a dynamic. In the sector of real estate development, there is a deep crisis of confidence and - for collective action – rules are needed. Especially, the conflict based on value and its creation is deep; and the "écolo-marchand" compromise resulting is controversial. If collective action is therefore required "common", it cannot be an "action à plusieurs" and remains an "action ensemble"
Severe, Wendy Rousseau. "Informalité et dynamique intersectorielle de l'économie haïtienne : une analyse dans le cadre d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27702/27702.pdf.
Haddadi, Souad. "Construction de sens autour de la RSE et de sa mise en œuvre en organisation : le cas de la Biscuiterie de l’Abbaye." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100065.
Based on the theory of sensemaking, this research aims to understand the mechanisms underlying the implementation of a CSR policy from the point of view of a family SME’s members. The objective of this research is to understand how the members of a family SME (leader and employees) reduce the ambiguity and uncertainty surrounding the concept of CSR and build a sense around its introduction and its implementation in organization. In order to provide answers to these questions, we conducted a retrospective longitudinal case study of a family SME that introduced a CSR policy in 2004. The triangulation of data using observation, documentation and semi-structured interviews conducted with the leader and 44 employees with varied profiles, allowed in depth-exploration of the studied phenomenon.Our results identify two main objects of sensemaking around a CSR policy. The first concerns the process by which the leader makes sense of the decision to introduce such policy. We show that this decision is the result of a balance to be found between elements from three spheres: individual, organizational and institutional. The second object concerns the processes through which all members of the family SME make sense of the implementation of a CSR policy in the organizational environment. Our results identify their influencing factors and shed light on the mechanisms by which they act on the constructed sense. In addition, our results provide an analytical framework to explain the differences in CSR perceptions and behaviors between members of a family SME
Berguiga, Imène. "La microfinance entre performance sociale et performance financière : une application à la région MENA." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST3002.
Microfinance is a means of the struggle against poverty in developing countries through financing activities that generate incomes for poor households. The issue regarding the best way to provide financial services to the poor has fuelled intensive debates between two different schools of thought: institutionalists and welfarists. This opposition faces two requirements of microfinance: Targeting the poorest among the poor, which refers to the social performance and enhancing the profitability of the institution (financial performance). Is there a trade-off between these two performances or can they combine? The state of research upon this issue suggests that these two requirements are compatible and may even be complementary.Following a cross-section factor analysis, we examine the relationship between social performance and financial performance on a sample of 52 MFIs in 9 selected countries of the MENA region: Most MFIs in Egypt are both socially and financially successful, whereas those in Yemen are socially successful and those in Jordan are financially successful. The determinants of these performances vary according to the status (NGO vs. non NGO), maturity, credit methodology (collective vs. individual), the level of information disclosure, geographical location (countries) and regulations of MFIs.An econometric panel study (1998-2008) examines the unequivocal causality and causal interaction between social performance and financial performance. The regression results show that social performance has a negative impact on financial performance and conversely, and the causal interaction between these two types of performances remains unclear in the long run. The results also show that the main determinants of these two performances depend on the life cycle of MFIs, the relationship between age and performance is not linear, the regulation of MFIs depends not only on their countries but also on their institutional status, macroeconomic effects are important in achieving performances, mature MFIs seek to ensure good repayment rates instead of increasing portfolio yield
Amat, Amandine. "Le changement climatique de la simulation aux modes d'existence : étude de trajectoires climatiques de villes et d'entreprises en Alsace." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG023.
This thesis focuses on the ultimatum imposed by the climate change phenomenon in contemporary Western society : changing the model of society or risk collapse (Diamonds, 2006). The major ordealt hat is required was that of otherwise inhabit the Earth around another project : the fight against climate change. Many publications (Aykut, 2012 ; Dahan, 2015 ; Latour, 2015 ; Roques, 2013 ;Stengers, 2009) describe the inability of state institutions to build a common project to respond to climate challenges. In this situation, the "critical" studies note the important place that has taken the simulation at the expense of concrete and sustainable action. Climate modelling, political and economic simulations, sociological diagnoses, literary fiction, climate change is largely invested by the narrative. Our field immersions have shown that other scales of action are already actively seized ofthe climate deal. Cities and businesses are in fact more likely to take a position in the energy and climate challenge. It follows that some statements, by their position mediators had given way to concrete experiments. Taking a pragmatic approach, inspired by the l’Enquête sur les modes d’existence proposed by Latour, and enriched by the model of Économies de la Grandeur of Boltanski and Thevenot, this thesis attempts to describe the various modes of existence of the climate problem from territorial collectives. We also assuming the rear of influence cultural plans and attachments in producing climate strategies by local actors
Uyarci, Yafes. "Les dynamiques des PME en Turquie : structuration et développement régional étudiés à partir de la confédération TUSKON." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG014/document.
This research focuses on the study of the structure and development of SMEs in TURKEY, through the influence of a socio-religious mouvement called Hizmet. The aim is to highlight a definition of the dynamics of SMEs accross member of TUSKON (Turkish confederation of businessmen and industrialists), in relation to their motivations for economic success in the context of a spiritual depth research by their commitments in Hizmet movement's socio-educational projects.TUSKON offers a specific vision of islam /modernity report compared to that of MÜSIAD, anassociation of islamic businessmen. Our study is based on interviews and a sociological survey conducted among members of the BUGIAD association (member of TUSKON) in BURSA, allowing us to trace the evolution of socio-historical of TUSKON and sees how the dynamics of SMEs is influenced by the piety and the commitment of his boss in a socio-religious movement
Moll-François, Fabien. "Problématiser les contaminations, mettre en cause les responsables : mobilisations, expertises et recours au droit pénal dans les affaires amiante et dioxines en France (1975-2015)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0177.
This thesis focuses on contaminations as the origin of a damage and the consequence of a fault. It is grounded in two specific cases in environmental health, one connected to the presence of asbestos on the university campus of Jussieu (Paris), the other to the pollution generated by a waste incinerator near Albertville (Savoie). By examining the successive disputes generated by these situations since the mid-70s, the thesis concentrates on the central role played by people directly affected by the risks, from the 1990s onwards, in problematizing the contaminations to which they were exposed in terms of preventable damages, raising the criminal responsibility of a number of key players. The thesis examines how the questions of asbestos and dioxins sanitary impacts have been taken into consideration by the administrations regulating environmental toxics, and by the judicial system, which has to rule on possible misconduct. This work analyses a vast body of published documents and archives (from activists, administrations and the legal system), coupled to over fourty semi-structured interviews with the main stakeholders involved in the cases.Using an analysis based on arenas, the thesis explores the different social spaces where the problems were defined and addressed, placing emphasis on the different forms of expertise developed: the knowledge used to lead and feed the contestations; the knowledge used to guide public decisions; the knowledge used to substantiate judicial decisions. The arena of social conflicts, the arena of the administration and the arena of criminal justice are governed by specific principles and challenges, which are brought to light in this work, without, however, considering them as rigid and autonomous spaces. By adopting a micro-historical perspective, and by closely describing the events as they unfolded, this study reveals how the different arenas interacted with each other, and how the rules that govern them evolved as an effect of these affairs. This investigation shows that the degree of autonomy and interconnexion of these arenas is a crucial point, which can explain the trajectory of the cases studied. This trajectory depends on the interactions that take place - or do not take place - between the different arenas, but these processes operate discreetly. On a more structural level, the thesis shows how the administrative arena and the public policy expertise evolved under the influence of the mobilisations and the use of criminal law, resulting in an increased professionalization and the development of risk assessment standards – while highlighting the ambivalent effects that this may have on the recognition of the issues raised. Finally, this thesis reports on the mechanisms, specific to the law and judicial categories, which make the penalisation of public health difficult, particularly because of the reluctance of French criminal law to adopt a probabilistic type of reasoning to legally prove the existence of a damage
Brétéché, Pierre-Joseph. "Actions publiques et territoires innovants : analyse de la construction des chemins de la compétitivité par les managers territoriaux : le cas du pays d'Aix." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32102.
This research considers the understanding and representation of the phenomenon of territorial competitiveness. The thesis is an hybrid exploration of new phenomenon studied by the Public Management and may be included analysis of the contexts, contents and processes used. Territorial competitiveness is understood as a framework, not a fact. The complexity approach is to re-build practices effectively implemented by managers through a territorial confrontation of theory and empiricism. The first part formalizes a conceptual and methodological framework for the management of territorial competitiveness. As a transdisciplinary approach, the outlines of public policy-making are defined for the competitiveness of territories. The overall heuristic axiom allows the consideration of the influences of contexts according to a market logic and society logic. Idiosyncratic and diachronic dimensions of territorial competitiveness are defined to analyze contents and processes of the subject of research. Thus, the mechanical and biological analogies allow a better understanding of the emergent management modalities.The second part goes over the empirical test. A longitudinal case study based on two embedded units of analysis is conducted at Aix-en-Provence. Four modalities of territorial competitiveness management have been found. The boundaries lines of public policy-making are defined by the growth of continuous additions. The packages of services emerge from the construction of collaborative arenas by managers through proactive public policies projects. The transition from market logic to society logic is provided by a form of societal proximity that emerges from the territorial public policies. The erection of an arena to lead intentions finalized of heterogeneous actors goes through a local chain of innovation between managers. The local ecosystem of innovation is constituted by the embedding of personal networks of each manager and for linking heterogeneous structures with different purposes. This ecosystem must be managed to ensure the sustainability of the system of territorial competitiveness. Tree types of territorial competitiveness governance would appear concurrently: flexible, differentiated and shared. The first one type will mix the paths of prosperity with those of competitiveness (differentiated). The second type may allow the dialogical processes of public policy-making to arbitrate between polarization and dispersion of productive activities (flexible). The last one may permit the kinetic energy to deploy in an area to be competitive through the construction of an arena of convergence of intentions by social proximity (shared)
Zidi, Tariq. "Le Management Socio-Economique de la RSE et la Performance Globale de l'Entreprise : cas d'une PME de Service Marocaine." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3027.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an integral part of management themesand is mobilizing more and more researchers. On an empirical level, CSR practicescontinue to spread and spread daily in companies around the world. However, the debateon its impact on business performance is no less arduous between those who support thethesis of a positive impact and those who support that of a negative or neutral impact. Allarmed with research and studies done on the subject. Nevertheless, in all cases, the issue offunding CSR is a problem for many practitioners and researchers.Our research proposes to study the question of the articulation of socio-economicmanagement and CSR and its impact on the overall performance of the company in thecontext of an SME in the computer and engineering services sector in Morocco (CSES)and to evaluate how this combination could meet both the need for companies to besocially responsible, the challenge posed for an SME, the financing of a CSR approach andthe fundamental need for a company to be performance.Our approach, in this sense, is based on the conduct of a transformative interventionresearch in order to drive change within the company, case of our experimentation, and toanswer concrete management problems and performance reduction she suffered.To do this, we opted for a socio-economic intervention to deploy a self-financed CSRapproach.In other words, our challenge is to finance the CSR approach within the company byrecycling the hidden costs of the company and by releasing its potential for innovationthrough the improvement of the interaction between behaviors and the structures of thecompany.The results of our research show that the socio-economic management of CSR not onlyallows an SME to self-finance its CSR approach and to integrate CSR practices into itsmanagement mode but above all to generate a global and sustainable performance.By releasing the human and social potential of the company, the socio-economic management of CSR has helped to activate a virtuous circle in the company
Amat, Amandine. "Le changement climatique de la simulation aux modes d'existence : étude de trajectoires climatiques de villes et d'entreprises en Alsace." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG023/document.
This thesis focuses on the ultimatum imposed by the climate change phenomenon in contemporary Western society : changing the model of society or risk collapse (Diamonds, 2006). The major ordealt hat is required was that of otherwise inhabit the Earth around another project : the fight against climate change. Many publications (Aykut, 2012 ; Dahan, 2015 ; Latour, 2015 ; Roques, 2013 ;Stengers, 2009) describe the inability of state institutions to build a common project to respond to climate challenges. In this situation, the "critical" studies note the important place that has taken the simulation at the expense of concrete and sustainable action. Climate modelling, political and economic simulations, sociological diagnoses, literary fiction, climate change is largely invested by the narrative. Our field immersions have shown that other scales of action are already actively seized ofthe climate deal. Cities and businesses are in fact more likely to take a position in the energy and climate challenge. It follows that some statements, by their position mediators had given way to concrete experiments. Taking a pragmatic approach, inspired by the l’Enquête sur les modes d’existence proposed by Latour, and enriched by the model of Économies de la Grandeur of Boltanski and Thevenot, this thesis attempts to describe the various modes of existence of the climate problem from territorial collectives. We also assuming the rear of influence cultural plans and attachments in producing climate strategies by local actors
Mohamed, Kamal Kassab Dina. "Three essays on corporate social responsibility, business politicians and corruption." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010021/document.
What is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and can it be demand-driven ? Is there a business case for corporates providing the public good or should it be solely provided by the government ? Are green products over-priced and should they be taxed ? If they are, who are the beneficiaries and who are the actual tax payers ? Will results differ whether the CSR investments in question complement or substitute for the government provision of public goods ? Chapter 1 of this Ph.D. dissertation will address these questions and create a conceptual framework for further analysis in subsequent chapters of CSR as a desirable activity whereby firms provide a public good alongside the private good they produce. One of the main issues that emerge from this analysis is the need to identify and explore a new kind of dichotomy, i.e. the trade-off between market provision of public goods via CSR and its public counterpart via the government. This question gains particular importance in the context of developing countries, as well as in some developed ones, where firms have strong political ties. In Chapter 2, it is shown that politically connected firms - or, at extreme, the business politicians - may try to influence the government to reduce its provision of the public good to maximize the reputational return on their CSR investments. The mechanism goes as follows. An underprovided public good offers the opportunity for large political benefits to firms stepping in the areas where the government fails to deliver through their CSR activities. Consumers are suspicious about the true motives for which firms engage in CSR, it may be out of benevolence or political greed, however, since all firms, including the greediest and the most prosocial ones participate, politics interfering with business does not spoil firms' image since those political benefits are so large that everyone does it. We refer to this phenomenon as corruption becoming a social norm. Chapter 3 provides a strategic explanation for this phenomenon of corruption being epidemic in the economy. It explains why corruption, in the form of bribetaking, may become widespread among government agencies, for the mere reason that their efforts are interdependent
Chamaret, Aurélie. "Une démarche Top-Down / Bottom-Up pour l’évaluation en termes multicritères et multi-acteurs des projets miniers dans l’optique du développement durable : application sur les mines d’Uranium d’Arlit (Niger)." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194445.
Chamaret, Aurélie. "Une démarche Top-Down / Bottom-Up pour l’évaluation en termes multicritères et multi-acteurs des projets miniers dans l’optique du développement durable : application sur les mines d’Uranium d’Arlit (Niger)." Phd thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS018S.
This thesis aims to appraise the relevance of using an hybrid top-down / bottom-up approach to evaluate mining projects in the perspective of sustainable development. With the advent of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development concepts, new social expectations have appeared towards companies that go beyond a sole requirement of profit-earning capacity. If companies do not answer to these expectations, they risk to lose their social legitimacy. Traditionally associated with social, environmental, economical and political impacts and risks, mining activity is particularly concerned by these new issues. Whereas mineral resources needs have never been so high, mining companies are now expected to limit their negative effects and to take into account their different audiences’ expectations in order to define, together, the terms of their social license to operate. Considering the diversity of issues, scales, actors and contexts, the challenge is real and necessitates tools to better understand issues and to structure dialogues. Based on the Uranium mines of Arlit (Niger) case study, this work shows that associating participatory approaches to structuring tools and literature propositions, appears as an efficient formula to better organise issues diversity and to build a structured dialogue between mining companies and their stakeholders. First Part aims to present the theoretical, institutional and sectorial contexts of the thesis. Second Part exposes work and results of the evaluation carried out in Niger. And, Third Part, shows the conclusions that can be derived from this work and presents a proposal for an evaluation framework, potentially applicable to other mining sites
Landry, Rémi. "Turbulences et changements institutionnels au sein de la Société internationale : une perspective historique." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4415.
Turbulence and institutional changes within the international Society: an historical perspective Our inquiry has its origins in the acknowledgement that the current international society appears, more than ever, deficient and lacking legitimacy in its management of emerging threats which affect its security. This dissertation aims to verify whether the present difficulties to manage the interstate order are precursors of a period of systemic turbulences. We propose as our principal research hypothesis that a loss of legitimacy within the law and order mechanisms of a Westphalian society will generate a rather long period of systemic turbulences, creating a return to an antihegemonic system characterized by the establishment of a new a new system of societal law and order. To test this hypothesis, we have joined the theoretical framework of the English School which observes the interstate relations by assessing the character of the order that governs them. Its followers succeed in studying the forces that create the maintenance of an antihegemonic international environment, and the nature of the interstate reciprocities that emerge from it. Then, by observing the institutions created to manage the law and order, they are in a position to better understand the evolution, the diffusion and the perpetuation of a society of States. This approach allows us to construct an explanatory model of our societal dynamic. In order to answer our initial query, we propose to analyse the status of various international societies from different epochs, each one containing a period of systemic turbulences followed by the return of societal regime. We intend to establish if any analogies can be drawn between their transformative processes, and thus determine whether these processes can be applied to the transformations taking place within the current international society. An historical comparative analysis proves to be an appropriate tool for our type of research. The periods selected for this research are the Thirty Years' War, the Napoleonic Wars, and the First World War including the ‘inter-war’ period. The antihegemonic nature of a society of States, in addition to maintaining an anarchic environment, creates a climate of rivalries which generate transformation within the law and order dynamic. This transformative factor was introduced under the concept of societal progress, which generates, within the societal law and order mechanisms, institutional obsolescence that can create a period of systemic turbulences. To observe this phenomenon, we have adopted institutions as analytical tools. Institutions will allow us to be more critical, and will facilitate comparisons between them, considering their longevity. Our findings indicate the existence of a lasting dynamic of transformation within Westphalian societies, generating levels of societal turbulences, which vary according to their intensity. We also observed that despite the legal equality that sovereignty provides in a society of States, the Great powers remain the principal architects of their society. Their innate aptitude toward unilateralism was often associated with the emergence of systemic turbulence. Our research shows that interstate interdependence and cooperation were also fuelled by the expansion of a liberal economy. In a societal environment, as interdependence and multilateralism intensify, the propensity for societal progress is more inclined to take the aspect of a progressive type of systemic transformation than of a period of violent revolutionary systemic turbulence. Our international society of States has always been under the influence of societal progress since its inception. Stability of its future is tied to its ability to counter external threats and that of the Great powers’ capacity to limit their propensity to unilateralism. Law and order mechanisms must then be able to integrate societal progress to allow the maintenance of legitimacy and the avoidance of a revolutionary systemic transformation period.