Дисертації з теми "Politiques du handicap"
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Mohanu, Vintilă Adrian. "Les politiques du handicap entre européanisation et influence internationale : comparaison France-Roumanie." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G041.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis demonstrates that the disability field is undergoing changes which may only be understood through adopting a vision combining an analysis of national, European and international trends. An analysis of different policy levels can offer explanatory keys to such transformations. These changes initiated at the United nations level have diffused through into the European Union. We analyse the trends within European public policy which have been institutionalised in the image of the United Nations policy initiative, but which also may be seen as bearing witness to the process of European integration. Furthermore it may be seen that recent trends in public policy with respect to disability in different member states can no longer be analysed in isolation without reference to European and international phenomena. We have apprehended how the process of europeanisation may vary between national policy arenas through contrasting the cases of France and Romania. This has highlighted how the two countries have introduced the change-over from a medical to a social model of disability within a common context comprising both international influences and europeanisation
Ville, Isabelle. "LE HANDICAP COMME " EPREUVE DE SOI ". POLITIQUES SOCIALES, PRATIQUES INSTITUTIONNELLES ET EXPERIENCE." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485504.
Повний текст джерелаMongy, Aymeric. "L'autisme, un handicap contre la protection sociale : les usages réformateurs d'un problème-outil." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUD020.
Повний текст джерелаFor more than forty years, the political science literature has been interested in the processes of bureaucratization leading to the mobilization of knowledge and techniques from New Public Management (NPM) in the production of public action (Bezes et al., 2011), sometimes to the point of drawing up an all-encompassing observation of a "neoliberal bureaucratization" of the world (Hibou, 2013). Mechanistic conceptions of the transfer of government techniques between the public and private sectors ultimately provide little information about the conditions of their social embedding, i.e. the political, symbolic and technical operations through which social groups legitimize the use of the NPM; the action of its social base in short. From an analysis of the case of the construction of the autism problem in France, the present thesis intends to shed light on this point by bringing to light the way in which the mobilizations of the parent associations of autism contributed to motivate the use by the State of techniques and organizational formats stemming from health management, thereby reinforcing the administrative capacities of control over the organization and the contents of the psychiatric and medicosocial care offer. In fact, from the 2010s onwards, the "scandalous strategies" (Offerlé, 1998) of parent organizations have led to the archaic nature of segregated care models being publicly criticized because they are not sufficiently oriented towards school, and ineffective because they are not sufficiently informed about advances in neuroscience. Mixing the right to social inclusion of individuals and access to care in the liberal sector, the claims of these interest groups make the "trajectory of reforms" (Bezes, Palier, 2018) of autism intersect with that of another issue: that of the mode of government of the disability and mental health sectors. This second issue is marked by a return in force of the State which, since the beginning of the 1990s, has increasingly resorted to different technologies - agencies, calls for tender, contracts, platforms, recommendations of good practices, packages, etc. The use of these technologies is geared towards the development of an integrated health care "system". Their use is geared towards increasing the efficiency of health care structures and medico-social establishments, which are invited to specialize in "heavy" and "complex" care in order to send some of their patients back to the mainstream. Whether it is called the "ambulatory shift" or the "inclusive shift", this transfer of care activities to the "ordinary environment" - rarely, if ever, questioned as a source of oppression or a factor of inequality - accounts for a large part of the demand on private medicine, which is supposed to absorb the requests for services that are thus discharged from the specialized environments. On the basis of various materials - written sources, interviews, observations and an ethnographic survey conducted in particular in the Pas-de-Calais department - our research shows how, by seeking to conform the process of producing care to their conception of "good practice", these associations have fed this program. It also shows how the logistical rationalization of care leads to a disintegration of the "social properties" (Castel, 1999) distributed by the sectors it works in, to the detriment of their most socially precarious publics
Duhamel, Virginie. "Les représentations du handicap. Approche anthropologique des systèmes politiques et de santé du Sud-Ouest de la France." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU1061/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the social representations of handicap in French society, by questionning the fundamental subject of otherness, our conception of difference, in both political and sanitary fields. The observation held in South West region highlighted the cultural and heritage of where the current representations of handicap come from : fantasies, fears, idea of a contagion of handicap... the social representation would therefore have barely progressed in spite of the globalization of culture (J.P. Warnier, 2008). Limited to the picture of a wheelchair, the subject of handicap consists more in a political and sanitary stake, since it is in the heart of the evolution of society. As a matter of fact, the law of February 11th 2005 impose on communities to assure their accessibility, in order to allow equal opportunities for handicapped people. Through this compliance of the environment, the conception of handicap is limited to mobility. Therefore, it seems that there is still an unconscious will to keep handicapped people at the margin of society. Therefore, we can claim that social representations still hold an important role in collective behavior. Their evolution requires to purchase an experiential knowledge. That's why we wanted to corroborate this statement thanks to a qualitative investigation organized with students in nursing school
Boutet-Civalleri, Lionel. "La controverse de Janus : l’action sociale et médico-sociale, centre de recyclage de la modernité." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EVRY0004/document.
Повний текст джерелаWorking orientations, resulting from the democratic political system of interaction and dynamics of the social differentiation are registered and cross all the institutionalization of assisted, making that it is all at the same time impossible to sacrilize them and to dehumanize them. The joint of these orientations making that these last ones are dequalified as human being. This deskilling demonstrates that the new individualisantes social policies placed under the aegis of the humanism resolve not at all the problem of the poverty. It questions from then on the utility of such policies asking for heavy investments for reserved social results. The re-registration of this problem in its historic development allows to light this paradox: the social policies of struggle against poverty were factors of wealth for the modernity. Far from analyses in term of "crisis", the institutionalization the aforementioned policies testifies of an exponential development, although dynamics, possibilities of economic growth. The social and medical social action is in a sense the overflow of the modernity, the real artificial market of the human surplus
Brégain, Gildas. "L'internationalisation imparfaite d'une modernité nord-atlantique : essai d’histoire croisée des politiques publiques du handicap en Argentine, au Brésil et en Espagne (1956-1982)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis tesis aims at reconstituting the genesis and the development of the public policies of disability (1956-1982), with an entangled perspective between Spain, Argentina and Brazil. The method of entangled history encourages us to consider the singularity of the national development of public policies according to the scope of the feasibilities imagined at an international scale and to the standards promoted by the intergovernmental organisations. At the end of the Second World War, the intergovernmental organisations (UN, WHO, ILO) develop a new social innovations project in the field of rehabilitation, which is inspired by the anglo-saxon and scandinavian experience. This project is qualified as « modern » in order to discredit the european methods of reeducation developed after the First World War. We name it north-atlantic modernity of rehabilitation. It is mostly defined by a liberal legality in the field of work (refusal of quotas measures applied to private companies, selective placement, creation of sheltered workshops for people which are considered less productive), but also by coordination's principle of the sectorial policies, and by a tendency to equalization of the rights of all categories of disabled. The objective of our thesis is to understand the mechanisms and limits of the internationalization of this north-atlantic modernity in these three countries. At a national scale, the multiple actors who build the public policies of disability appropriate themselves the north-atlantic modernity principles to defend or contest them
Esta tese pretende reconstituir a gênese e o desenvolvimento das políticas públicas sobre as deficiências (1956-1982), na perspectiva da história cruzada entre a Espanha, a Argentina e o Brasil. O método de história cruzada nos incita a considerar a singularidade da trajetória nacional das políticas públicas, em função das ideias imaginadas na escala internacional e das normas difundidas pelas organizações intergovernamentais. No final da segunda guerra mundial, as organizações intergovernamentais (ONU, OMS, OIT) promoveram um novo projeto de inovações sociais na area da readaptação, as quais se inspiraram nas experiências anglo-saxonias e escandinavas. Esse projeto foi considerado "moderno", afim de descreditar os métodos europeus de reeducação desevolvidos depois da primeira guerra mundial. Nós o qualificamos de modernidade norte-atlântica de readaptação, o qual se distingue, primeiramente, pela legalidade liberal na área do emprego (rejeição de medidas de cotas aplicadas na empresas privadas, cargos seletivos, constituição de atêlies protegidos para pessoas consideradas pouco produtivas), mas também pelo princípio de coordenação das políticas setoriais, e por uma tendência à compensação dos direitos entre todas as categorias de deficientes. Sendo assim, o objetivo da nossa tese é de compreendrer os mecanismos e os limites da internacionalisação dessa modernidade norte atlântica nos três países. Na escala nacional, os múltiplos atores que constroem as políticas públicas da deficiência se apropriam dos princípios da modernidade norte atlântica para defendê-la ou contestá-la
Esta tesis tiene por objectivo reconstituir la génesis y el desarrollo de las políticas públicas de la discapacidad (1956-1982), en una perspectiva cruzada entre España, Argentina y Brasil. El método de la historia cruzada nos incita a considerar la singularidad de la trayectoria nacional de las políticas públicas en función de la amplitud de las posibilidades imaginadas al nivel internacional y de las normas difundidas por las organizaciones intergubernamentales. Después de la segunda Guerra Mundial, las organizaciones intergubernamentales (ONU, OMS, OIT) promueven un nuevo proyecto de innovaciones sociales en el ámbito de la readaptación, que se inspira en las experiencias anglosajonas y escandinavas. Los expertos califican este proyecto como "moderno" con el fin de desacreditar los métodos europeos de la reeducación desarrollados después de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Lo calificamos como modernidad norte-atlantica de la readaptación. Se caracteriza sobre todo por una legalidad liberal en el ámbito del empleo (denegación de las medidas de cuota aplicadas a las empresas privadas, colocación selectiva, constitución de talleres protegidos para las personas juzgadas poco productivas), y también por el principio de coordinación de las políticas sectoriales, y por una tendencia a la igualación de los derechos entre todas las categorías de inválidos. Nuestra tesis intenta entender los mecanismos y los límites de la internacionalización de esta modernidad norte-atlantica en estos tres países. Al nivel nacional, los múltiples protagonistas que construyen las políticas públicas de la discapacidad se apropian los principios de la modernidad norte-atlantica para defenderlos o impugnarlos
Guénat, Arthur. "Nature et handicap à la Réunion : le défi d'une accessibilité pour tous." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0025/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis falls within the scope of social and human geography and more exactly of« disability studies ». Understanding the disability like a « social object », the thesis analyzes the societal consideration of disabled people in non-urbanized areas with a high issue of touristic, recreational and patrimonial development. In the first place, it's the recent construction of disability as a social object that is discussed by reminding the history of the societal consideration of the disabled person in our occidental world. The French model and his fundamental rule of global accessibility for ail the domains of the social life are explained and the « Nature and Disability » thematic is more precisely analyzed as a development of an active living ideal for people who are in a disability situation. Secondly, the thesis develops this thematic on the particular field of the Reunion Island and tries to answer to a question which is both simple and complicated: « Today, how we live with a disability on the Reunion Island? ». ln a last time and on the basis of this study of the disability inside a Reunion Island society with accelerated transformations, the thesis specifies the current tendencies with the emergence of new public policies for the welcome of disabled people on natural and touristic areas of the island. To conclude and referring to an original survey, the thesis suggests some tools of evaluation and decision-making aids to these areas
Guenat, Arthur. "Nature et Handicap à La Réunion : le défi d'une accessibilité pour tous." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053818.
Повний текст джерелаDiotte, Michèle. "L’autonomie sous rature : (re)penser la citoyenneté sexuelle à l'intersection du handicap cognitif par l'approche des relations d'autonomie." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41619.
Повний текст джерелаBregain, Gildas. "L'internationalisation imparfaite d'une modernité nord-atlantique : essai d'histoire croisée des politiques publiques du handicap en Argentine, au Brésil et en Espagne (1956-1982)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037929.
Повний текст джерелаSene, Saliou. "Perspective internationale en éducation inclusive et réalités des enfants en situation de handicap en Afrique subsaharienne francophone : cas du Sénégal." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0005.
Повний текст джерелаTo operationalize the vision described in the Senegal’s reference document titled “Plan Senegal Emergent”, several public policies are being implemented. For sectors that at first hand concerned with childhood, the objective is to improve the well-being of children based on the national and international guidelines. In fact, the following programs: Universal Health Coverage, Free Child Care (-5 years), Family Security Scholarships and Equal Opportunities Card are to be highlighted. In the education and training sector, the Program for Improving Quality, Equity and Transparency (2018-2030), fights inequality in education. The main objective of the Ministry of education is to apply the government’s policies that maintain consistency with the international perspective, in particular the roadmap of the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and the Sustainable Development Goals.However, in 2016, statistics revealed that for children from 6 to 16 years old, which represent 4,022,229, there are 1,174,077 children ever in school, including 43% girls and 23,425 children with disabilities without formal education (USAID Study, 2016). We are very conscious about the theory of an inclusive society (Gardou, 2012) that stipulates that no one has the right to grasp for himself the common heritage of Mankind. Then,, this large number of children is a key booster to mobilize for a research of mechanisms capable to adapt worldwide orientations to inclusive public education policies. Indeed, this research aims to enrich existing knowledge in a participatory strategy of common understanding of globalized issues with a vision for realities as disparate as those of children with disabilities.To do this, key concepts are reviewed and interviews conducted and based on the principles of positivism of Augustus Comte, whose ultimate goal is the establishment of a new social, political and moral order. In terms of results, the main challenge to be faced is the strict alignment with international policy regulations that could probably lead to absurd injunctions. In order to verify this absurd injunction hypothesis, the technique applied to a hypothetico-deductive approach allowed collection and analysis of data through scale methods used to quantify quality issues. Upgrading the learning environment in terms of built physical classes, water supply, fencing walls, separate toilets (boys, girls, adults), textbooks and appropriate learning materials are an essential lever for school inclusion strategies in African, Francophone sub-Saharan Countries in general.In Senegal, the full application of inclusive education policy faces hard conditions like the learning environment including communication for behavioral change and the retraining of education staff. The construction of the vision for a proper consideration of children with disabilities in low-income countries aligned with worldwide guidelines becomes a requirement. Types of disabilities that can be combined in ordinary classrooms and not a risky elimination of special schools for some type of children, contrary to the injunction to register the child in the neighbourhood school with crowded classrooms and a limited quality learning environment seem to be the way out
Ngo, Melha Ernestine Antoinette. "Inclusion scolaire des élèves en situation de handicap en France et au Cameroun : analyse de la politique nationale et points de vue des enseignants." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH016.
Повний текст джерелаThe discourse of experts and international organizations, as well as the initiatives of policies and movements in favor of emancipation and the place of people with disabilities, are oriented towards the construction of a school for all (Ainscow, 1991; Sen, 1992; UNESCO, 1990; UNESCO, 1994; UNESCO, 2000; UN, 2000; UN, 2006)). Educational policies integrate, more or less clearly, the educational needs of children with disabilities. Inclusive education implies changes and upheavals in both the teaching practices and the school organization as a whole. It is therefore important to take an interest in teachers' perceptions of the national policy favoring the inclusion of disabled pupils in mainstream schools in France and Cameroon and to consider the factors likely to influence or determine effectiveness and sustainability of this policy which can be considered as being imposed on them. The model of multidimensional evaluation of the quality of the educational devices borrowed from Tremblay (2012) and the model of planned behavior of Ajzen (1991) are used in this research to meet the two main objectives. A two-part questionnaire with proposals for answers was sent to primary school teachers. Our research concerns a population of 133 teachers including 65 Cameroonians and 68 French. The dimensions studied for the first part of the questionnaire are as follows: The relevance of the objectives, the characteristics of the population of the scheme, the adequacy of resources, the reliability of actions, the effectiveness and the flexibility of the system. Normative beliefs, perceptions of difficulties and behavioral beliefs are studied through the second component. Analysis of the simple variance (ANOVA) is used to compare the averages between countries and the correlations studied to evaluate the main components of the Ajzen model. Our results show that despite a strong adherence to the policy for the inclusion of students with disabilities by teachers interviewed in both countries, it would not seem to be effective. This would be explained in the case of France by the objectives which would not be achieved and in Cameroon by the resources which would be insufficient. Points of divergence are observed on certain aspects of the dimensions studied, such as the size of the class, the pedagogical approach, the resources and the individual characteristics of the students. As for our model derived from the Ajzen theory, correlation analysis shows linear links between three components: the perceived difficulties of teachers, their normative beliefs and behavioral beliefs. The perceived difficulties are negatively correlated with both normative beliefs (-.33) and behavioral beliefs (-.65). Thus, according to the theoretical model developed, the intensity of the difficulties experienced creates negative beliefs among teachers. Normative beliefs (in the main references of the National Education) are positively related to behavioral beliefs (.50), which they seem to favor. It is important to note that the three components do not determine teachers' attitude towards inclusion, since the correlations are not significant. Our analysis suggests, considering the weak correlations between the attitude of the teachers and the other components of the model, to look for other factors exogenous to the model we studied, which would explain the attitude of teachers towards the policy of inclusion
Larrouy, Muriel. "L'invention de l'accessibilité. Des politiques de transports des personnes handicapées aux politiques d'accessibilité des transports urbains de voyageurs en France de 1975 à 2005." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165138.
Повний текст джерелаCes notions nous ont permit de révéler les ressorts du changement intervenu dans les politiques déployées. Celles-ci passent de deux ensembles de solutions construites en faveur de populations médicalement identifiées comme handicapées à des solutions intégrées, disponibles pour tous, cohabitant avec du transport spécialisé. L'évolution est rendue possible par la conjonction de facteurs conceptuels, techniques et législatifs utilisés par un réseau de militants pour imposer un traitement intégré de l'accessibilité. Celui-ci est devenu une référence standard et est institutionnalisé dans la loi du 11 février 2005 pour l'égalité des chances. Le premier type d'accessibilité est intimement lié au référentiel du handicap alors que le second possède son propre référentiel et s'est autonomisé vis à vis du handicap. Il y a eu invention de l'accessibilité comme nouvelle forme sociale révélatrice d'une conception du traitement de l'altérité dans notre société. Ses formes nous éclairent sur la façon d'envisager la place des personnes handicapées dans la société.
Le, Roy-Hatala Claire. "Lorsque les troubles psychiques deviennent un handicap : le salarié et l'entreprise à l'épreuve du maintien dans l'emploi : le cas de cinq grandes entreprises menant des politiques en faveur des travailleurs handicapés : Air France, EDF, IBM, SNCF et Total." Paris, CNAM, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CNAM0569.
Повний текст джерелаAn employees professional life can be affected by different kind of events that will weaken his position in the company. Mental illness or psychological disorders can disturb the employees evolution. Even before it leads to a real handicap or impairment or discrimination, mental illness can generate tensions between the employee and his working environment ; this tensions can lead to him being put aside. It is difficult for a company to keep an employee that have this psychological disorders and especially for a big company as will be seen in this study. The observation of psychological handicap in a big company tends to reveal tensions between the employee and his job situation. Both professionals and experts have to take part and therefore this whole maintenance process is a very collective one. It can never be an individual process and even the working environment has to participate
Bégué-Simon, Anne-Marie. "Etudes des besoins des personnes handicapéées : leur identification par la communauté et la formation d'objectifs acceptables pour les acteurs : personnes en situation de handicap et partenaires sociaux." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H095.
Повний текст джерелаPillant, Yves. "Une politique de la vulnérabilité est-elle "pensable" ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0009.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays our society sets aside people pointed out as "vulnerable". This sidelining translates in the facts a more global discharge of anything sending back to vulnerability. Considering vulnerability as un unthought dimension of our culture, a large part of this thesis will consist in showing what the situation is regarding vulnerability and through which ways it is poile possible to think it out. The excluding of this vulnerability, which is nevertheless essential to us, is only the backhand of an identity which each of us wants to specify from his own insured consciousness. With Emmanuel Levinas, the matter is to think out vulnerability as sensitivity THROUGH the other in consideration FOR the other, where the encounter turns to be the condition of à desidentifying hollowing out. Otherness is my first resource, it convenes me to receive the otherone's strangeness and this reception is giving me a self awareness much more than what I decide. That small shift suggests to each one to inhabit his own vulnerability, that uncontrolled futility but which operates in change, such is the "phenomenology of the one, modified by the other than one " that we tried to think. From that prospect point, another society can be considered, a "society of singularities" giving room to our insufficiencies within the "sociality quality ". That breeding ground gîtes lies the opportunity to re-visit the Nation, the singular and the universal, hospitality, fraternity, economics, the link between ethics and politics, in order to blow up the individual need of a cut between " me-us " and " whole-them ". To live into its own vulnerability is then to stay into the unbereable place of a non cut
Magimel, Claire. "La place du handicap et des étudiants handicapés à l'université : accessibilités et usages en Ile de France et au Québec." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H022.
Повний текст джерелаThe number of disables students entering the university has been increasing regularly for the past 25 years. The university has to adjust to the particular needs of the new population. It must now find solutions for each particular problem, whereas it traditionally concerned with equal treatment all treatment of all students. Thanks to numerous awareness programs, disables students have gained their rightful place within the university. No longer discriminated against, the have become an indication of proper functioning of the institutional system, and their presence is a source of general progress. But to raise the question of handicap leads to the question of accessibility. This concept in multiple begins the process of rephrasing the notion of handicap from its medical context, to viewing it as an inadequacy between individuals and their environment. Generalized in this way, everyone must recognize that it may have to deal with a handicap at some point
Brun, Gaspard. "L’expérience de soi à l’épreuve des normes : Eléments pour une philosophie du handicap." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3089.
Повний текст джерелаThe original question this thesis started with arose in the context of our professional activities within organizations dealing with the integration of disabled people in the world of work. How could policies specifically addressed to this public be enforced when the very definition of what characterized disabled people had not yet been formulated? After focusing our analyses on the limits of the current classifications of disabilities, on the impossibility to define disability with the exactness of scientific classifications or by only resorting to medicine, we thought of conceiving disability as a singular relationship between social norms and individual experience. In so doing, Foucault’s first works and mostly unpublished writings by Canguilhem were a great help. These authors allowed us to prepare our formulation of the concept of disability which is based on Yves Schwartz’s central idea of “corps-soi” (body and self together). A disability is then considered as a singular experience of the “body and self” in the face of antagonistic social norms. This view of what disability is lead us then to present our main thesis: disability, considered as a concept, can be used as a prism to renew the analysis of human practices and of theoretical discourse. We then submitted our thesis to three different test procedures, so as to check if, with disability as a starting point, we could renew our understanding of activities and theoretical corpuses, well-known though they may be. We felt the process tended to validate our reflection and eventually made suggestions as to how public policies for the disabled could benefit from our thesis
Compte, Roy. "La figure du handicap : analyse d'une construction sociale et politique." Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30046.
Повний текст джерелаTocail, Bernard. "Organisation et politique en direction des personnes handicapées." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010035.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this project is to analyse how the administrative process for the disabled people works and to understand the gap beetween the offer of the system and the demand of disabled people. This study uses instruments offered by organizational theories. The development of this item leads us to analyse the logical action of the organization that takes part to the functional system of this disposal. It also tries to observe if the movement of competencies in the social field towards the department allows a better function in that system public action
Gorin, Emmanuel. "Les personnes handicapées et l'emploi : une comparaison internationale des politiques d'insertion." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA131041.
Повний текст джерелаIhabchiene, Hocine. "Accessibilité et main-d'oeuvre handicapée en France et en Europe : une analyse socio-politique des difficultés d’accès à l’emploi des handicapés diplômés : cas particulier." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083834.
Повний текст джерелаThe rate of unemployment for handicapped people is superior to the national average, because the rate of 6% employment of handicapped workers, either in public enterprises, or in private enterprises, is note reached. We have elaborated a field survey. We choose 19 persons who know the difficulties that meet the handicapped workers (10 workers with university qualifications and 9 associations members) Consequently, the deficiency and the difficulties of accessibility always remain a major problem of access to the employment of handicapped people and economic and social change has favored the marginalization of handicapped people in France and in Europe. So, handicapped people will be judged through their deficiencies of accessing employment more than for their professional skills. That will have some negative repercussions on handicapped labour. This analysis allows estimating the potential energy of each handicapped person. The handicap person thus has an influence on the professional future of the people declared handicapped because of the bad opinion of society. Faced with the unique market of employment of handicapped people in the countries of the European Union, the leaders of these countries judge that it is necessary to expand the employability of handicapped people in the others countries, taking in consideration the French model. Besides, several treaties have been brought into play. Unfortunately, in the 27 States of Europe, handicapped haven’t found their place because the way of living of the citizens of the European community is at the low end of the scale
Zdravkova, Yana. "L’expérience carcérale du handicap." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC012.
Повний текст джерелаThis research focuses on the prison experience of people with disabilities. The aim is to analyze the way in which the prison environment makes physical and mental particularities socially meaningful. Mobilizing multi-situated ethnography, based on a constructivist and pragmatic approach, the thesis analyzes the interweaving of political, moral and pragmatic categories in the construction of deficiencies and thus of disability in prison. The first part serves to construct and conceptualize the object of the research. It examines the links and boundaries between disability and prison sentences, constructed as categories of public action organized around the dialectic between vulnerability and responsibility of prisoners. A socio-historical section puts into perspective the construction of these two categories around the border between able and disable. Finally, a documentary analysis allows us to understand the weight of human and individual rights on the meaning of disability in prison. The second part, based on an ethnography carried out in four men's prisons, analyzes the conflict between different social conventions - a "convention of renown" characteristic of the prison world and a "convention of protection" characteristic of the world of disability - that is caused by the presence of prisoners with disabilities. This "test" for the prison world is resolved in the concrete agreements of the actors around opposing principles of justice. These agreements give rise to regimes of action in the form of devices, arrangements or adaptations. The analysis of the configurations of each prison makes it possible to understand disability as being anchored and established in locally produced meanings Finally, the third part focuses on the individual experience of male prisoners with disabilities (considered as being, or those who claim to be). In an environment where masculinity represents a normative frame of reference, they contravene this "order", because they require care and protection. Through the interviews, their itineraries, identities and prison life appear to be marked by a dilemma that becomes a double constraint forcing them to respond to both protection and autonomy orders. Deprived of any support, they must show themselves as being able of acting on themselves
Milon, Anaëlle. "La relation à l’apprendre des étudiants handicapés à l’université : sens des études, socialisation, temporalités." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0140.
Повний текст джерелаSince the 2005 bill, more and more students recognised as disabled by French universities are undertaking a degree in higher education: In 15 years, their number has gone up fourfold. Their ever-growing presence in French universities falls in line with the increase of students’ attendance and the diversification of students’ social origins. It also stems from the government’s will to move from mainstreaming to inclusive education. This research investigates the learning of students with disabilities in its epistemological, identity and social dimensions. As such, we aim to understand how the university experience engender cognitive and identity transformations through the cognitive and social process underpinned by the action of learning. These transformations and evolutions happen in relations with multiple temporalities within the university and disciplinary contexts. By using a comprehensive and qualitative approach, longitudinal follow-ups are used to investigate the relationship to learning of students recognised as disabled by French universities. The thorough analysis of the interactions between the student’s project, their social experiences and their learning perspectives enables us to understand the meaning, which disabled students give to their university education and their presence within its institutions. The results of our investigation reveal the diversity of experiences as well as the variety of what “learning” and “success” mean for disabled students attending university. The limitations towards accessibility of knowledge and learning raise the question of how disability influences the student’s experience as well as the objectifiable learning possibilities offered by the institutions but subjectively perceived by the learners
Larrouy, Muriel. "L' invention de l'accessibilité : des politiques de transport des personnes handicapées aux politiques d'accessibilité des transports urbains de voyageurs en France de 1975 à 2005." Paris 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165138.
Повний текст джерелаJeandidier, Bruno. "L'offre individuelle de travail des bénéficiaires de l'allocation aux adultes handicapés." Nancy 2, 1985. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc519/1985NAN20008.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFrançois-Duton, Audrey. "Le traitement de la situation de handicap, moteur de transformation du droit public." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTD008.
Повний текст джерелаSince the beginning of the 19th Century, the treatment of those with disabilities has truly entered the public sphere. In the space of a few years it has become a fixture in the media and an unavoidable topic for political and legal debates. Law n°2005-102 which came into effect on 11th February 2005, established equal rights and opportunities for people with disabilities and redefined the framework for public action. For this, the legal system has made use of some innovative initiatives. The new objective of the legal system is the creation of an inclusive society and the basis of this transformation is an approach centred on the principles of compensation and accessibility. This renewal is not the only factor transforming the Law. To justify this change, the principle of equality must mutate and rejuvenate. The legal axioms (or foundations) that are the principles of dignity and fraternity, find a privileged space in which to extend - confidentially - their implementation
Joly, Laurène. "L'emploi des personnes handicapées entre discrimination et égalité." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100194.
Повний текст джерелаFocused on professional integration, this thesis follows a search path that from the analysis of social policies for people with disabilities, turned to the study of the implementation of public policy through the prism of redesigned non-discrimination. Two axes structure this research. The first area focuses on the evolution of the concept of disability and its impact on the design of public policy towards people with disabilities. The second theme focuses on the enactment of the requirement of non-discrimination against people with disabilities
Gandillot, Estelle. "Les effets des politiques d’incitations au déploiement de pratiques RSE : le cas de l’emploi des personnes handicapées dans les organisations des secteurs médico-social et pharmaceutique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS415/document.
Повний текст джерелаInitially, the employment of disabled people represented a voluntary practice for ordinary environment organisations - a CSR commitment for sustainable societal welfare. However, due to insufficient outcomes, an obligation to employ disabled people was introduced with the law 2005-102, strengthen the existing body of laws. Our work aims to understand the effects of this incentive-based tax scheme on the integration of disabled people employment quality in organizations, and in a broader manner on CSR commitments. To understand the impact of incentives – in this case the 2005 incentive tax – on CSR practices related to the employment of disabled people, we have conducted different case studies focusing on the medico-social and pharmaceuticl sector. We identified a wide range of practices in organisations - both standard and non-standard - that aim to integrate disabled workers. We observed that organisations point out more often internal rather than external drivers to explain their commitments - although they identify the current incentive system and find it useful in general. Finally, this thesis has outlined the coexistence of three specific climates which had various sensibilities – oak, sunflower and reed - to incentive policies. Appears three forms of organisational behaviour as regards to the employment of disabled people in an incentive context: voluntary, strategic and detached behavior
Rapegno, Noémie. "Établissements d’hébergement pour adultes handicapés en France : enjeux territoriaux et impacts sur la participation sociale des usagers : application aux régions Île-de-France et Haute-Normandie." Paris, EHESS, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01097620.
Повний текст джерелаAs part of an approach that combines social geography and spatial planning this PhD dissertation analyzes the causes and consequences of territorial disparities in residential care facilities for adults with disabilities (maisons d'accueil spécialisées, foyers d'accueil médicalisé, foyers de vie) in France. It aims to analyze the origin of the differences and their effects on the daily lives of residents. We are interested in the spatial distributions of the facilities but also in the spatial practices of residents. The goal is to capture the impact of regional disparities on the fundamental rights of persons with disabilities (i. E. The right to choose where to live, the right to mobility and the right to a social space). This work uses a variety of methods and tools. A quantitative analysis measures the spatial distribution of the facilities, and its evolution over the last forty years. Interviews with former associations and administrative actors and access to archives provide information on the interplay of actors and balance of power. Finally, visiting 23 facilities for adults with motor impairment, in the lle-de-France and Haute-Normandie can help to understand the territorial integration of institutions. Interviews with 81 residents allow for an understanding of the collective and individual practices which take place in a smaller or wider area surrounding their home. They vary in relation to the residential care localization. The questions raised by this study are not only geographical ones. They open a broader discussion on the social participation of persons with disabilities and on social challenges
Andreani, Santina, and Jean-Paul Groscolas. "Politique sociale et gestion de l'emploi : l'exemple de la main-d'œuvre handicapée." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010032.
Повний текст джерелаDervelois, Michaël. "Le rôle de l'encadrement institutionnel et associatif pour l'insertion professionnelle des handicapés au Japon : points communs et divergences avec le système français." Paris 9, 2011. https://basepub.dauphine.fr//handle/123456789/15301.
Повний текст джерелаAsserting that the institution is a major protagonist of workplace integration training schemes for disabled persons, we attempt to define, in this thesis, the impacts of social policies on the feelings towards access to employment for the concerned disabled individuals. We do believe it is essential to analyze how the Japanese institutional protagonist justifies its part within the power struggle inherent to this societal issue and to emphasize it in relation to its French counterpart, epitome of the key protagonist. The sociology of Mr Crozier’s action is our main theoretical foundation to deal with the occupation of the ‘concrete action plan’ and with the fluctuations in possible alternatives brought forward by the public system as a source of freedom for the strategic protagonist. From the definition of disability, we will focus on the societal frame of social policies and the identity on the workplace. The identity question is brought about by our reflection on the institutional action that incorporates both personality and assessment of overall skills into an acceptable integration plan. From our standpoint, achieving autonomy in the workplace is made easier in the absence of public involvement and activation policies for disabled individuals bring about, against all odds, a potential drop in dynamism, a dynamism that would be further improved by a monitored exposure to the recruiting agent without any more time spent on pushing forward or assessing isolated approaches. We thus confront a Japanese model of complete access to the work post with the well-defined stages of the French process, the investigation being conducted mainly on Japanese ground
Mus, Mathilde. "Populations déficientes, territoires en mutation : de nouvelles dynamiques spatiales ?" Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618024.
Повний текст джерелаBucari, Miriam Claudia. "Le traitement des enfants handicapés mentaux dans le système scolaire argentin." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR21001.
Повний текст джерелаTogether with the introduction of the education of the mases, the need appeared in Argentina to create an alternative structure, adapted to those children who were unable to follow the normal lessons. Starting with a pure medical viewpoint at the beginning of this century, the handicap is in the sixties recognized to be surmountable with an early identification and a rational orientation. Later, research carried out in Argentina has proved the influence which the social environment has on the development of children as well as the effect of the educational isolation of the rural regions in a nation with a surface of approximately five times that of France. It appears that the special education is mainly developed in the urban areas. Practically no professional openings can be found for the young handicapped. This is the reason why we have denominated it a "short term education". Also, the slow acting public sector must be considered as well as the importance to the benevolent associations, especially in the capital. The province of Buenos Aires has the advantage of a more complete special education system which, however, is linked to some predominant ideologies
Blandeau, Mireille. "Handicap et vie professionnelle la politique de la France comparée à celle de ses partenaires dans la Communauté Economique Européenne." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594503f.
Повний текст джерелаBlandeau, Mireille. "Handicap et vie professionnelle la politique de la France comparée a celle de ses partenaires dans la communauté économique européenne." Poitiers, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985POIT3206.
Повний текст джерелаHounkpatin, Houévi. "Les modes de gouvernance des associations : une analyse dans le secteur médico-social du handicap." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2022theseHounkpatinH.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAs part of this thesis, we seek to understand how the governance of associations managing medico-social establishments and services is constructed. The associations of parents of disabled children which emerged at the end of the 1940s to become essential interlocutors of the public authorities in the implementation of social disability policies, formed the empirical ground of our research. The immersion in one of them, within the framework of a CIFRE contract, made it possible to identify the territory as an intrinsic dimension of their governance, to report on its historicity, changes in practices and in governance functions, through dynamic interactions between actors and transformations in the forms of public regulation of the sector. To achieve this, we mobilize the theories of governance of associations and deploy qualitative methods of collecting and analyzing data co-producted with actors in the field. Through the comprehensive approach developed, we identify, among other things, the managerial and territorial issues of this governance and arrive at a systemic model of governance integrating internal and external, plural configurations of governance at different periods of the life of the organization’s association
Degros, Éric B. "Le droit du handicap et la gestion du patrimoine culturel : vers un modèle européen ?" Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2013_degros.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLaw n° 2005-102 passed on February 11th 2005, for the equality of the rights and opportunities, the involvement and the citizenship of the disabled people is intended to favour the autonomy of the disabled person and their participation in social life « like the others ». This integration into the society implies number of prerequisites which justify the refusal discharge of the discriminations and the compensation of disability, on the ground of the principle of equality. The goal of autonomy which lies on the insertion through work, is also based on the ability of a disabled person to evolve in a society which has been built so as to be within the reach of everyone. Thus, the access to culture must be envisaged in the framework of a global obligation of accessibility to society, including the accessibility to the cultural heritage welcoming public. However, the existence of the law on the conservation of the heritage, confirmed by the law of 2005, from exceptions in the obligation of accessibility, leads one to wonder about a possible limitation of the law for the integration of the disabled people, which is bases on public access to every place and site. This questioning is all more necessary the more as the non-accessibility to a cultural site prevents the disabled person and/or with the reduced mobility from participating in the life of the community, which is nevertheless one of the major aspects of the united economy, which fits into the more global issue of sustainable development. Considering the opposing interests, it thus seems essential to find a balance between individual rights and « stones rights », based on the sustainable preservation, in an european context of common cultural heritage shared in sustainable city
Richard, Sarah. "Pour une compréhension du processus de révélation institutionnelle du handicap : de l'enseignement supérieur à l'intégration du monde professionnel." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAB004/document.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing two World Wars, the societal consideration of disability has considerably evolved. Most of countries have implemented national disability policies in order to improve disabled people professional integration. Nevertheless, in order to be part of such policies, disability first needs to be institutionally disclosed. Institutional disclosure is far from being automatic as disability is frequently concealed since university. In this perspective, based on the decision making theories this thesis aims at understanding the institutional disclosure process. We focus on the specific case of students with disabilities. A qualitative study based on semi structured interviews, life story interviews, participant observations and secondary data analysis has been conducted. Our results show that several individual and environmental reasons affect disclosure motivations. The consequences of disclosure can be analyzed in terms of expectancies confirmation and disconfirmation. Finally disclosure follows four distinctive strategies
Puiseux, Charlotte. "Queerisation des handicaps : le militantisme crip en questions." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC176.
Повний текст джерелаStarting from a socio-historical approach of the French constructed catagory "di-sabled"; followed on by a study of Queer Movements and Theories today, thinkers, philoso-phers, sociologists, and activists from various backgrounds have helped to develop this work. The premises of French Crip thaught are analysed through the links and certain disagree-ments between disability and it's inscription in Queer Theory. One of the most important goals of this thesis is to explain how disabled people take part in stigma reversal; as a reva-luing of abjection, formulated be Queer people who through back this insult, indicating their deviant sexuality. The Queer concepts of disidentification and performability can also help to rethink disability; by allowing the understanding of the possible fluctuations in disability iden-tity, including the aspects of social staging in disability. To conclude, the Foucauldian notion of the 'ideal regulator' taken up by Judith Butler allows an in depth study of able-bodiedness as socially constructed
Gayraud, Laure. "La politique d'emploi des personnes handicapées Genèse et mise en œuvre d'une politique ordinaire (le cas de la Gironde)." Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00184150.
Повний текст джерелаLumiere, Cécile. "Le vieillissement des personnes en situation de handicap : un regard démographique sur la Bourgogne-Franche-Comté." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aging of people with disabilities has become, in the last forty years, a significant issue in the medico-social sector and also in our society. The lengthening of life is a positive phenomenon, a result of the efforts to professionalize the accompaniment of people with disabilities. Aging is a process, certainly irreversible, but natural. If a few people are the rare witnesses, in the 1980s, the phenomenon grows with time and becomes a demographic phenomenon. For the demographer, the notion of aging applies to a population and not to individuals. The observation of this process makes it possible to predict the trend of the changing needs of a population in the health, social and medico-social fields, but does not indicate anything about the needs of the aging person. Populations are changing, new ones are emerging and our societal system needs to adapt to new needs. The socio-demographic approach of the aging of people with disabilities proposed here tends to study the specificities of the aging population within medical and social services and institutions in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. Working on this subject implies understanding but also measuring the extent of the problem
Mazereau, Philippe. "Pour une sociologie historique des professionnalités éducatives: entre pédagogie et médecine." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058766.
Повний текст джерелаCalcine, Marie Paule. "Particularités de l'inclusion des enfants et adolescents handicapés mentaux à l'Ile de la Réunion : une situation liminaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC031.
Повний текст джерелаSocial policies nowadays aim at reducing inequalities in access to rights: reinforce access to full citizenship for people with disabilities and build an inclusive society. The concept of "inclusion" is gradually substituting that of "integration", following the change of paradigm. In other words, it is no longer up to the person with “special needs” to adapt himself to a so-called "normal" system. It’s up to society to ensure that everybody is included, regardless of his particularities. Solidarity is everyone's responsibility. The sociological context of Reunion Island is quite particular: it has known a colonial history before its accession to the statute of French department in 1946, which has accelerated its socio-economic development. This Overseas Department presents the advantages of an industrial society, without any natural resources. The various cultural and religious practices in such a small territory due to the melding of populations make the people of Reunion island singular. Their representation of handicap and its social treatment are strongly influenced. This society has developed spheres of inclusion with particular codes that are quite different from those of the French metropolitan society. Therefore, these particular codes are sometimes different from those practiced in school. And children with mental disabilities live in a sort of airlock between the family and school spheres, where some students stagnate, in the liminality. Nowadays all stakeholders, families, teachers and social workers, try to rely on new schemes to achieve a better inclusion for these children
Martel, Ludovic. "Les politiques d'insertion par le sport du MJS entre 1981 et 2002." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/126/.
Повний текст джерелаFrom the middle of the years 1970, the question of exclusion will challenge the political leaders in load for control for the businesses for the country. This study socio political relating to the period 1981-2002, has the aim of showing, through an analysis compared between two categories of public - handicapped people and - young people of the districts, how the Ministry for Youth and the Sports takes part in the policies of insertion by mobilizing the sport object and its supposed virtues. The first part of work is devoted to a theoretical analysis of the public policies, like with that of the principal concepts characterizing the new social policies. It presents then the problems of the research project and the methodological device used. The second part analyzes the conditions of definition and implementation of the policy of insertion by the sport engaged by the MJS at the national level. From an empirical work, the results show a hierarchisation of public, the reference to various explanatory frameworks of the process of exclusion. They also reveal a competition between the sectors "sport" and "youth" of this administration. .
Michel, Mireille. "Former les éducateurs spécialisés à l'accompagnement des personnes en situation de handicap : enjeux et conditions." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2100.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral research has for theme the training in the practices of accompaniment of the specialized educators exercising with adults with disabilities resulting from a mental and/or psychic deficiency.This research questions more precisely the stakes and conditions of realization of this specific space which is the training. If the practicesof accompaniment seem to be based exclusively on the qualities of the educator, we seek the skills, the knowledge mobilised to support a training.To do this, we question the foundations of this practice, its current issues and those, more specific related to the specialized educator's profession and to the disability situations of the accompanied people. Therefore, we propose a state of knowledge on the accompaniment.We mainly rely on semi-directed interviews with people with disabilities and professionals.These interviews show that the educators' accompaniment practices are based on a relationship subjected to founding tensions. These practices question the ethical and political foundation of the link to people with disabilities, who expect a respectfulhelp of their free will. We are thus able to define a set of professional and experiential knowledge.Finally, the interpretation of the collected corpus leads us to a training model supported by the notions of empowerment, self-determination and inscribed in an inclusive aim
Renard-Mugnier, Anne-Sophie. "Le droit à l'autonomie des personnes handicapées." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL20009.
Повний текст джерелаThe concept of autonomy is one that is employed more and more often in the speeches of the associations of handicapped people and of the politicians whenever the aspirations of the disabled are being debated. This situation led us to consider the creation of a right to autonomy for handicapped people. However, the bases on which this right will be created will be uneven in scope. Furthermore, although this right will appear as a "right to" , the characterization of its legal nature by the assesment of the number of duties and obligations it would impose on the law-making body will, in fact, allow to qualify it as a "mixed right"and will be an opportunity to strengthen the recent substantive law on the matter. Then, out of the assessment of the efficiency of the rules contributing to the coming into force of the right in question, it will then be time to consider the means available to remedy thet discrimination, before and after the legal rules concerning the matter are adopted
Vallée, Tocqueville Mélanie. "L'intégration des jeunes enfants en situation de handicap dans les crèches et haltes garderies seino-marines : pour une philosophie de l'alter ego." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUEL031.
Повний текст джерелаBroux, Carole. "Déficiences et inclusion : la question de l'aménagement durable des bâtiments scolaires pour l'accueil de toutes les populations." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10093/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe accessibility of the educational institutions for people with disabilities is a topical subject, but still little known. The Act of 11 February 2005 laid down an obligation of accessibility of public buildings. Among the concerned premises, school must meet this obligation. In order to give deficient students the same opportunities of vocational integration, this accessibility must be possible throughout the entire school career. To make schools accessible the first step would be to enable people with disabilities to have a place in society, the school being the first place of socialization for a child. It is useful to identify with precision the needs of all the actors involved. What is the number of children with disabilities in school at a European and national level and what are their evolution ? Through a historical, legal, geographical, statistical and demographic approach it appears that the accessibility of educational buildings for disabled students has evolved in France as well as in other European countries. More local research allows to draw conclusions in terms of physical accessibility (paths, comparison between the different types of buildings…) and to examine the issues raised in practical terms. Thus, we will know how to improve the accessibility of the educational institutions for disabled people and allow the establishment of a chain of consistent accessibility
Barreto, Magalhães Erika. "O corpo rebelado : dependência física e autonomia em pessoas com paralisia cerebral." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG026.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this ethnographic study is to analyze the subjectivation process of adults with cerebral palsy and physical dependence in everyday strategies for gaining autonomy. The results show three elements in the characterization of autonomy for physically dependents individuals:(1) the process of infantilization: which acts as a molder for subjectivity. Autonomy is, thus, the result from the dynamic range between resistance and submission on the effects of infantilization;(2) physical dependence and care: this is a problem-solving element of the project of autonomy. The demanded care puts into question the ideal of autonomy as self-sufficiency and requires an analysis that takes into account the two poles of the relation (caregiver – care recipient), (3) the automizating action and the invention of the self: autonomy is related to subjectivation process and as such can only be captured by means of daily movements of self-production which takes place into intersubjectivity. The emphasis is on strategies (actions, interactions, and reactions) used by individuals with disabilities to resist to the circumscription of the self and to invent an original and unique way of life. The central hypothesis is that the desire (rather than reason) has a central role in the quest for autonomy
Nas últimas décadas, observa-se um deslocamento dos discursos médicos em direção a uma concepção sócio-construcionista sobre as pessoas com deficiência, o que tem animado os debates a respeito da autonomia e a inserção social desse grupo. No entanto, a dualidade estabelecida por essa nova abordagem entre social- biológico não parece dar conta da complexidade que o processo de autonomia assume na vida desses sujeitos e não se sustenta sob a luz das teorias aportadas pelo pensamento pós-estruturalista. Assim, a partir da crítica ao racionalismo e ao individualismo moderno – levantada pelas reflexões feministas sobre cuidado – a contribuição da fenomenologia e das filosofias da diferença, a presente tese propõe uma análise da relação entre dependência, deficiência e autonomia de modo a considerar os elementos frequentemente descarados nos discursos militantes sobre o tema. O objetivo do trabalho consiste em analisar o processo de subjetivação de adultos com paralisia cerebral e dependência física a partir das estratégias cotidianas de conquista da autonomia. A pesquisa de campo teve duração de 14 meses, ao longo dos quais foi realizada observação participante sobre a vida cotidiana de dois indivíduos adultos com paralisia cerebral e dependência física. Entrevistas semidiretivas foram desenvolvidas com os familiares e os sujeitos com deficiência de modo a reconstituir a trajetória pessoal de cada um deles. Os resultados apontam três elementos que se articulam no fazer-autônomo dos sujeitos sob dependência física: (1) o processo de infantilização – que funciona como uma espécie de força de formatação e reificação da subjetivação desses indivíduos. A autonomia resultaria da dinâmica entre a resistência à infantilização e os efeitos desta na vida dos sujeitos com deficiência. São descritos na tese três pontos que constituem a infantilização: o argumento da vulnerabilidade como explicação para a necessidade de controle e cerceamento, a negação da sexualidade e da desejabilidade do corpo deficiente e a afirmação da razão como meio de ascensão à vida adulta; (2) dependência física e cuidado – trata-se de um elemento problematizador do projeto de autonomia como desvinculação do outro e que não pode ser descartado na compreensão deste fenômeno. O cuidado demandado pelo corpo dependente coloca em xeque o ideal de autonomia como autossuficiência presente na concepção de indivíduo moderno e exige uma análise que leve em consideração os dois polos da relação (cuidador – pessoa sob cuidado); (3) ação automizadora e invenção de si – a autonomia está intrinsecamente relacionada com os processos de subjetivação e, como tal, só pode ser percebida a partir dos movimentos cotidianos de autoprodução na relação com o outro e com o mundo. A ênfase é dada nas estratégias (ações, interações, reações) utilizadas pelos indivíduos com deficiência para resistir à circunscrição da subjetividade e para inventarem a si mesmos de modo original e singular. A hipótese central é de que o desejo (tanto quanto a razão) tem um papel determinante na busca pela autonomia. Tornar-se adulto (logo, autônomo) para as pessoas com deficiência física grave não significa necessariamente assumir a rigidez e a retidão comumente associada a essa fase da vida. Mas guiar-se pelo devir-criança e pelo prazer de experimentar a diferença a partir da multiplicidade que abriga o conceito de deficiência