Дисертації з теми "Politique du logement – Gironde (France)"
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Thouron, Elise. "Qui peut (encore) habiter à Bordeaux ? : les parcours résidentiels dans la métropole bordelaise et en Gironde." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0031.
Based on the observation shared by local representatives and experts that it has become increasingly difficult to find accommodation in the Bordeaux metropolis, this dissertation explores housing strategies and trajectories within the Bordeaux metropolitan area and in the department of Gironde. Indeed, the tight real estate market as well as high purchasing and renting prices determine how people access, remain and move within the housing market, both for renting and home ownership. Therefore, beyond the matters of supply and of purchasing and renting prices, the main issue underlying the current housing market crisis lies in the fluidity of residential trajectories. In an action-research perspective, the goal is then to offer a more detailed description of housing trajectories and their obstacles to document the challenges facing public policies today. The methods used aim at describing on the one hand the strategies and on the other the housing trajectories. Starting from an overall characterization of flows based on Fidéli data, a survey conducted among households having recently moved and living in Gironde was adjusted and statistically analyzed. In order to better understand choices and housing strategies, interviews were carried out to supplement the quantitative analysis. From these interviews, which were compared with existing research, ideal types of housing trajectories could be defined, and made more precise by the results drawn from the survey’s multivariate analysis. The results reveal a typology of residential trajectories in Gironde falling into 6 groups : the “city homebuyers”, the “tenants newly arrived in Bordeaux”, the “young people benefitting from state aid and/or family resources" and who easily move to the suburban area, the “happy retirees”, the “mid-life individuals with intermediate occupations hindered in the metropolis” and finally, the “workers and employees hindered in Gironde”.Thus, the cross-analysis of housing trajectories’ ideal types and of housing trajectories’ typology shows that the life cycle alone does not explain the households’ residential trajectories. These are also socially selective. The wealthiest groups access home ownership more easily and renting even more so. On the contrary, the poorest groups are excluded from ownership, sometimes even in the suburban areas, even though becoming a homeowner remains a core residential demand. Moreover, inequalities in terms of resources, including for people at the same stage of the life cycle, also create important discrepancies in the fluidity of residential trajectories. Lastly, residential aspirations, that are unique to each life course, also influence housing trajectories. At comparable occupation and stage of life, individual life trajectories lead to different arrangements and choices.In light of these results, it becomes clear that public policies striving for fluidity in residential trajectories cannot merely be reduced to housing policies. They have to include social, economic and transport policies to enable affordable housing at every stage of life. In the end, residential trajectories encapsulate the challenges facing the city of tomorrow
Mazaleyrat, Solenne. "L'habitat social en France et au Maroc : les politiques de logements sociaux menées à Bordeaux et Casablanca (1912-1980)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H075/document.
The history of social housing in France is strongly connected to those of modern architecture and urbanism. The Moroccan colonial experience (1912- 1956) plays an important role in the evolution of both fields. Morocco served both of them as a field of experimentation during the interwar period, before the developed concepts get transferred back to France. The goal of this study is to demonstrate how the Moroccan colonial experience influences the social housing policies that have been done in-France between 1912 and 1980. The concept of histoire croisée allow to analyze which transfers take place between both countries, how each of both country influence the evolution of the transferred concepts and how these transfers influence the national policies. The study of Bordeaux in France and Casablanca in Morocco allows to analyze how theses national policies get applicate on local level and to study how these differences policies change the face of both cities
Dias, Vera Lucia Nehls. "Logement rêvé, logement idéal, logement occupé : le logement social au Mans en France et le logement populaire à Florianopolis au Brésil." Le Mans, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA3003.pdf.
Esta pesquisa trata das diferentes representaçoes que compoem o imaginario social sobre a habitaçao. A partir de unm estudo comparativo englobando os moradores das habitaçoes "populares" no Brasil e das habitaçoes "sociais" na França, buscou-se conhecer as impressoes, as criticas e as aspiraçoes desta populaçao sobre as suas moradias e seu entomo. A metodologia escolhida resultou do cruzamento de varias técnicas de pesquisa : enquetes semi-diretivas, entrevistas de longa duraçao e pesquisa participante. Este caminho reforçou a importância das categorias de analise da geografia social tais coma espaço de vida, espaço vivido, lugar e territorio. As politicas publicas sobre a habitaçao implementadas no Brasil e França nos ultimos anos foram estudadas nos capitulos 4 e 5, sobretudo os desdobramentos locais (nas cidades de Le Mans e Florianopolis) das politicas de descentralizaçao e de desengajamento do Estado na problematica da Habitaçao. Por fim, procurou-se conhecer a geografia dos lugares de frequentaçao e das instituiçoes presentes nos bairros, esclarecendo mais sobre estes agentes e sobre a construçao das imagens que eles auxiliam a criar
Bono, Pierre-Henri. "Logement et politique publique." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0052.
Although we know the importance of housing in the well-being of individuals, this area has not been much studied by French economists. There is a real lack of quantitative studies highlighting a causal link between public policies and their impact on housing. This thesis intends to fill this gap by producing empirical results using French data, but also to develop innovative methodologies for the implementation of valuation techniques. This PhD thesis is divided into two parts and includes three original contributions. In the first part, we place ourselves in the context of hedonic prices. We estimate, for the city of Marseille, the price that households allocate to the fact of living in a neighborhood rather than another. The second part focuses on the evaluation of public policies on housing. We evaluate two French legislative devices. The first is the device that allows so-called Scellier tax benefits when buying housing for rent. We use the fact that the provision applies only in certain areas to assess the impact of the scheme on land prices. The second evaluation concerns Article 55 of the SRU law which requires certain municipalities in pain of financial penalties to have more than 20% of social housing. We develop in this evaluation an innovative methodology to measure the incentive of the Law on the actual production of housing
Perrot, Laure. "Le logement social à Bordeaux de 1944 à 2009 : problématiques architecturales et urbaines." Bordeaux 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR30003.
The purpose of this thesis is to study the great architectural and urban issues of social housing in Bordeaux (France) between 1944 and 2009. This study relies on a corpus of 19 residential complexes in Bordeaux, including variable density buildings, extensions, an aborted housing estate and post-destruction reconstruction operations. A part of these complexes are only made of housings while some others carry a variety of functions. Placed back in the area in which they appeared (socio-economic, political, cultural and architectural contexts), and split according to three chronological phases – 1944-1958, 1959-1975 and 1976-2009 – these housing operations are the subject of a specific description and of a comparative study, in order to find the great evolutions social housing has known in Bordeaux in terms of architecture and urban development. These complexes are then put in contrast with the architectural production scale of Bordeaux and its agglomeration, and then on a national and international scale, to analyse whether Bordeaux’s characteristics are part of an history of architecture and urban development more generally and if they have singularities
Zittoun, Philippe. "Affrontements, apprentissages et transformations des coalitions de politique publique, les processus de changement de la politique du logement en France (1975-1995)." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE21041.
Boissinot-Koumba, Marie-Paule. "Continuité urbaine et succession des générations : le logement des personnes âgées et son renouvellement à Bordeaux aujourd'hui." Bordeaux 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR30038.
Escarpit, David. "L'écrit politique en occitan en Gironde (1860-1914)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30003/document.
Occitan and political paper in Gironde ( 1860-1914 ) The project of thesis consists of an analysis of the non-literary practices of the Occitan in Gironde between 1860 and 1914, essentially in and around the press. The project is served by the existence of an impressive already skinned, referenced and listed corpus, articles, bills, songs and poems in langue d'oc, appeared during this period within diverse Girondist organs of press. We are talking about an Occitan of complicity used for political purposes: it is a question of touching the masses of voters stemming from rural circles, which do not still master, for the majority, French. This study allowed to highlight an almost unexplored piece of the publishing of Bordeaux world of the XIXth century : the political paper in Occitan. Or under the shape of printed pamphlets, without using the new vector of distribution of the information and the opinion that is the press, this paper gave rise to real large-scale productions. Becoming integrated into previous Occitan linguistic practices peculiar to Bordeaux, it knew how to be renewed until join the margins of the Occitan rebirth movement, besides quasi-non-existent in the country at that time. Revealing the interest for the political circles to use the minority idiom to the urban area of Bordeaux and around, this paper allows us of touch of the finger a still badly known sociolinguistic reality, in which one conscientizacion of the masses in the republican project (or to oppose it) needs the occitan language
Escande-Varniol, Marie-Cécile. "Le droit au logement." Toulouse 1, 1990. http://theses.univ-lyon3.fr/documents/lyon3/1990/escandevaniol_mc.
The right of housing is part of social law giving to its beneficiary some individual prerogatives and putting a social duty upon private individuals or public service. Indeed, beside the state, the family or the employer can also have to face housing duty. This research analyses the evolution of housing law, which is a growing legislation in our country and in the other western countries. Does this legislation prove the existence of a right of housing ?
Bernardot, Marc. "Une politique du logement : la Sonacotra (1956-1992)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010672.
The question of social housing policies is studied with qualitative quantitative and records methods through the analysis of the case of guest workers. After Second World War these unskilled maghrebians workers were recruited for job vacancies. They were supposed to rotate back to their homeland. In the crisis situation of housing the French Algerians were erecting shanties around Paris and big towns in the strategic context of Algerian war. In French, at the difference of others European countries, a special housing society, la Sonacotra, was set up in 1956 to build and manage hostels for immigrant’s workers. This housing corporation has a specific status of mix policy between state and employers. With the state support and sponsorship, la Sonacotra has diversified national origins of the users of hostels and developed initiatives, like urban renewal, emergency programs and social housing organisations for family. In the management of single workers, la Sonacotra applies a hygienic action and supervise resident’s attitude. In reaction, mobilisation of users, a very long strike against too high rents and authoritarians management, limits possibility of Sonacotra's actions. Economical crisis and interruption of immigration in 1974 modifies context. Patrimony of company is too specific, segregated and under the residential norms. The hostels must been opened to French unemployed and in 1986 la sonacotra tries to develop programs for others publics. In the same time the length of stay increases noticely for the traditional foreigners' users. The lacks of workers’ mobility, due to labour crisis in building and industrial range, make these unskilled workers more dependent. They have some conflicts with others users of hostels and in the same time develop high degree of partnership between different status of users. In spite of the fact that inequities persist between users of hostels and the indigenous populations, the situation of first has become more similar to that of second
Croizé, Jean-Claude. "POLITIQUE ET CONFIGURATION DU LOGEMENT EN FRANCE (1900-1980)." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448066.
Fernandez, Alexandre. "Électricité et politique locale à Bordeaux, 1887-1956." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30012.
In 1887, an ingineer set up a small electric-power generator in the cours de l'intendance. In 1956, the mayor of bordeaux signed a contract with e. D. F. Granting it a renewable concession of the supply of electrical power for the area of the commune of bordeaux. Meanwhile, the installation of electrical power in the city had been carried out successively by private companies, then by the municipal gas and electricity board. The companeis had managed to impel the electrification process vigorously and profitably. But, althought they had secured their supplies through a connection with the hydro-electric power plant at tuiliere, dordogne, thay could not meet the growing requirements born of world war i and of the new social demand. The local council chose to run the production and the supply of electrical power directly through a local governement authority. From 1919 to 1939, the authority demonstrated its alility -in spite of changes in political personnel, and consequently in feelings towards it- to cope efficiently with the increase in private consumption and public electrification. In 1946, it was spared by the nationalislation law. From the fifties onward, meeting very strong increase in the demand implied considerable financial efforts to equip the network to a suffient level. That is why local administrators decided
Foussette, Karen. "Nouveaux rapports socio-spatiaux & marges métropolitaines : quel espace pour les couches intermédiaires en Gironde ?" Bordeaux 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR30060.
Since the seventies, Bordeaux’s urbain fringes experience the same tranformations as the French urbanized space, generated by the processes of metropolisation and urban sprawl. In Bordeaux’s case study, the first process feeds the second. However, small towns and major boroughs of theses rural spaces are not necessarily devitalized or changed into dormitory-town. They stay a fundamental element of their spatial practices. They remain an important referent for the observed middle-classes. Their role has been made more complex. Their representations, mostly social, are assimilated to a form of rurality, while their practices become the basic urban elements of spatialities. The territorialities outburst of the middle class’s individuals is concomitant to a new form of spatial perception. Space is not considered anymore in terms of the traditional dialogical city-campaign. Although both notions are landmarks, space is not perceived anymore as a continuum. The sequencing in life and life trajectories of urban and rural residences are correlated to the representations of the city, countryside, individual, family, mobility, stillness and life cycle. From now on, space takes the shape of an archipelago structured by rhizomes networks for these persons. It includes the link with mobility. The space is also associated with time perception and with individual’s daily spaces-times, which cut into sequences spaces and times of the individual and the family. The middle-classes’living space is articulated by synaptic places, transtis, the shape of an archipelago, a different social and temporal relationship according to interconnected places and spaces. The key element, the principal knot of these territorialities, is the (suburban) private housing universe, which is reoriented on the family, which is the primordial value for theses individuals
Philippe, Sandra. "Souffrance psychique et action publique : l'institutionnalisation de la norme "santé mentale" dans le dispositif psychiatrique girondin." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40036.
Quilichini, Paule. "Logement social et décentralisation." Orléans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ORLE0004.
This dissertation deals with the issue of the impact of decentralisation on the distribution of competences and on the relations between public collectivities as far as social housing is concerned in choosing to put forward the passage from a housing- to a dwelling- policy, the author points to a transformation in public action itself. This evolution is first expressed through a growing participation of local collectivities in the national housing policy : a compulsory participation when policy-makers impose on decentralised authorities a direct intervention into the enactment of this state-policy; a voluntary participation when local (municipal departmental and regional) elected representatives intervene through their respective competences concerning town-planning, social policies, urban policies. . . This sharing of responsibilities between public collectivities is part and parcel of the wide move towards the territorialization of public policies which doubly affects housing policies. First it encourages the development of the institutional and conventional partnership between all the actors concerned. It also affects the working of the housing public service through the widening of the assignments and relations of + h. L. M. ; (council housing) organizations. Thus the housing policy has experienced, in just a few years, a major conceptual evolution which has led it to integrate notions about dwelling, responsibility and partnership. It now has to find the most relevant partnership tool and territorial level to take into account the globality fo the changes linked to the emerging of local dwelling policies within a decentralised institutional framework
Commaille, Laurent. "Les cités ouvrières de Lorraine : 1850-1940 : étude de la politique patronale du logement." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Commaille.Laurent.LMZ9902_1.pdf.
This study -documents basically issued from the companies- shows that the moral and philantropic reasons were less essential than the need created by insufficient housing, a fluctuating labour force and industrial competition. The building methods varied. Some didn't build much. The rhythms were different and so was the equipment. If, at the end of the period, company towns seemed to be coherently, sensibly planned, it was often more because of the accumulation of houses, cooperatives, schools and so on, than the result of an original, well-drafted plan. Moreover, the towns represented more an investment than real social care for the companies, at least until the beginning of the 20th century. Hence the cheap housing policy created by the state, on the philantropic circles initiative, was barely followed by the employers. The rise of the costs in building and upkeep, the fall of the income derived from the rents, the pressure from the government and the policy advocated by R. Pinot, the secretary of the comite des forges, led, from 1905-1910 on, to a different vision of the company town which became a social issue. This shift resulted in new equipements which didn't pay much such as town halls, stadiums, and so on. In the plans of the new towns, the curve appeared and the houses presented more attractive decorations and volumes. Nevertheless, despite all their efforts, the manufacturers were never able to house the totality of workers. The highest proportion of housed workers was found in the mining towns around briey but only thanks to boarding houses which made the occupancy rate rise. The lack of privacy observed in the mines and the low rate of workers accomodated by the iron and steel and textile industry refute the idea of a domestication of the worker by the company town, at least as far as lorraine is concerned
Vassas, Patrick. "La Politique du logement en France, 1945-1986 bilan et perspectives /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601722v.
Hmed, Choukri. "Loger les étrangers "isolés" en France : socio-histoire d'une institution d'État : la Sonacotra (1956-2006)." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010312.
Balme, Richard. "L'action culturelle et ses incidences sur les systèmes politiques municipaux : les développements de l'action culturelle en périphérie urbaine à travers le cas des communes de la communauté urbaine de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR1D002.
Gopal-Panon, Tiliben K. "L'effectivité du droit au logement en France à la croisée des chemins des politiques publiques nationale et territoriale." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1032.
The sector of housing, which constitutes in France the cement of cohesion of our society, and which the applicants benefit an opposable right since March 2007, knows a crisis in spite of the implemented public policy. Firstly, this research will show the interest and the importance of the policy of the housing which however is not sufficient considering the crisis, and secondly to have a sustainable answer to the problem, an adjustment and a territorialisation of the public actions is needed
Vervaeke, Monique. "Le fonctionnement du marché du logement et le peuplement résidentiel." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070125.
Effosse, Sabine. "L'invention de la construction immobilière aidée en France, 1937-1967 : histoire d'une procédure publique de financement du logement privé." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100088.
This thesis explains why and how the French government has created an original building financing process in order to resolve housing shortage. This process is based on public subventions : a bonus and a mortgage loan granted by the French public mortgage bank, the Crédit Foncier de France. The originality of the process lies in these subventions are not made to low-cost or social housing but to private housing. This process succeeded but it also gave rise to economic difficulties (inflation). So, during the 1960's, as part of a new housing policy the French government decided to decrease the volume of public subventions and to promote private financing housing such as in United-Kingdom or in Germany
Vinit, Charles. "Les aspects règlementaires de la loi du 3 janvier 1977 portant réforme à l'aide au logement : l'accession à la propriété." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10019.
Lallemand, Martine. "La qualité dans la ville : un modèle conventionnel d'évaluation de la politique urbaine : Le cas du projet pilote urbain de la ville de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40041.
Bédouret, Thierry. "Le tutorat d'accompagnement méthodologique et pédagogique à l'Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 : application d'une décision d'une politique publique : périodes universitaires 1997-1999." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20926.
The first part of the thesis presents an overview on tutoring and a series of observations of practices termed tutoring in 1997-1999 academic years at Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 University. The first observations of tutoring situations dedicated to young adult undergraduates unable to identify the attributes of the concept of tutoring in the university context. They also allow the identification of characteristics found elsewhere in present-dau university tutoring. (. . . ) etc
Rojas, Arias Juan Carlos. "La politique de la démolition : rénovation urbaine et habitat social en France et en Colombie." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20023.
This thesis is dealing with a strong symbolic object, the demolition of the habitat as an object, a framework and urban renewal policies, and with its numerous dimensions : urban and architectural, technical, economical (land taxes and building sectors) and social (impact upon the inhabitants) policies. This thesis develops a transdisciplinary methodology articulating social sciences and architectural practices, and exploring interactions between the inhabitants of the city, urban policies and the built framework. The reflexion relates to the aspects of urban policies, those related on the one hand to the urban project, architecture and environment, and on the other hand to the social aspects linking physics of settlement, economy and analysis of social practices. A procedure is proposed, which begins with a bibliographical synthesis followed, by a physical observation of various case studies in France and Colombia, and finally by an investigation feeding a data base for the residential movings of the inhabitants. Observing the demolition process of the social housing makes it possible to reveal some contradictions generated by demolition in the life of the inhabitants. Confronting these various sources leads to produce both, an assessment, through the analysis of stakes of the demolition, and a bove all recommendation based on the paradigm of sustainable urban development
Esta tesis de doctorado aborda un objeto con un fuerte valor simbolico, la demolicion del habitat como objeto, marco y politica de renovacion urbana en sus diferentes dimensiones, politica urbana, tecnica (intervencion arquitectonica y urbana), economica (valor del suelo y cuestiones immobiliarias) y social (impacto sobre los habitantes). La tesis desarrolla una metodologia transdisciplinaria que articula la investigacion en ciencias sociales y la practica de la arquitectura y explora las interacciones entre los habitantes de la ciudad, la politica urbana y el espacio construido. La reflexion propuesta concierne los aspectos de politica urbana, aquellos ligados al proyecto urbano, a la arquitectura y al medioambiente y los aspectos sociales, para elaborar lazos entra las cuestiones fisicas del ordenamiento urbano, la économia de este ordenamiento y el analisis de las practicas sociales. El protocolo propuesto comienza con una sintesis bibliografica, seguido de una observacion de diferentes casos de estudio en Francia y en Colombia. Una encuesta permite la construccion de una base de datos sobre los recorridos residenciales de los habitantes. Observar el proceso de la demolicion del habitat popular y social permite de poner en evidencia ciertas contradicciones que la demolicion implica en la vida de los habitantes de estos barrios. A partir de la confrontacion de estas diferentes fuentes, son producidos a la vez, un balance, un analisis de las cuestiones que estan en juego con la demolicion y una propuesta de recomendaciones estructuradas a partir del paradigma del desarrollo urbano sostenible
Fack, Gabrielle. "Formation des inégalités, politiques du logement et ségrégation résidentielle." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0085.
This thesis on housing inequalities is organized in two main parts. The first part analyses the efficiency of housing policies that aim at providing low income households with affordable housing. We propose an evaluation of the incidence of housing benefits on rents by exploiting a reform that extended the benefits in the 1990's. Our estimations show that they have led to an increase in rents. The second part studies how housing markets contribute to create educational inequalities. We first analyse theoretically the effect of strict school zoning on residential stratification and educational inequalities. We then estimate empirically the impact of public schools' performance on housing prices. We find a modest but significant effect of middle school performance on housing prices in Paris. We also show that the presence of private schools in the neighbourhood tends to attenuate the impact of public schools
COMMAILLE, LAURENT Wahl Alfred. "LES CITES OUVRIERES DE LORRAINE, 1850-1940, ETUDE DE LA POLITIQUE PATRONALE DU LOGEMENT /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1999/Commaille.Laurent.LMZ9902_1.pdf.
Dehez, Jeoffrey. "Analyse économique des coûts de gestion des zones côtières protégées : le cas des forêts domaniales de Gironde." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40006.
Avenel, Cyprien. "Les "exclus" de la banlieue ? : étude d'un quartier et des rapports sociaux de dépendance." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR21003.
What is an "excluded" individual in a reputedly "difficult" urban housing estate? The thesis centres on this general question born from an observation : since the end of the "banlieues rouges" (red housing estates), sociological research has developed a "negative" representation of the urban question, that of a "crisis", focused on the generic concept of "exclusion". The inhabitants of estates are seen only in terms of the accumulating problems they present : unemployment, anomie, social disintegration. This reasoning has the inconvenience of defining these people by what they are not, or are no longer. Yet there is no definition of what they are. The thesis shows that it is sociologically unsatisfactory to speak of the "excluded", or even the "underclass", as these inhabitants are defined by a paradoxical situation: they have their "feet" in economic insecurity and their "heads" in the cultural world of the middle classes. They are also massively supported by numerous and active urban and social policies. From this point of view, french inner-city estates are not comparable to the american ghettos left to their own devices. Yet despite the fact that local institutions are more omnipresent than ever, the thesis shows that individuals feel abandoned and "invisible". In general, social policy is not perceived as promoting citizenship, but often engenders resentment, leading to acts of rejection such as violence. On these grounds, the thesis explores an alternative approach. Beyond "exclusion" and dependency, how can we define a relation of social domination that results in the feeling of invisibility for the individual and that invalidates collective initiative? Can we think of class relations without class ?
Villain, Philippe. "L'évolution et l'avenir du logement social en France : les mutations juridiques des opérateurs de l'habitat social, générées par le passage du service public à la française à l'intérêt général européen." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMD001/document.
This thesis returns on consequences of numerous laws and decrees transforming the landscape of the operators of the social habitat into France as statuary mutations dedicated by the law of 2006 with the emergence of the status unified with housing operator OPH and the fusion of OPHLM and OPAC. This thesis deepens numerous subjects, as collaboration between the operators of social housing and the statuary future of some of enter them, the involvement of decentralization in the social accommodation, the not interventionism of the European Union in the policy of the accommodation of Member States and the rule of celebrates article 55 of the law SRU fixing the percentage obligatory minimum of social accommodation in the villages of more than 3 500 inhabitants. So at the end of the year on 2000 one waited for certain reforms among which fusion, already named, OPHLM and OPAC, concerning others the overhaul of other operators could appear as the most sudden. To recall and justify these operators numerous of social housing families, this thesis retums to the sources of the appearance of operators different families in France and in Europe: With the creation of Fuggereï built from 1510 till 1519, by said Jakob Fugger II " the Rich man ", we go back up at the beginning of the XVIth century with the appearance of the first operator of social accommodation to theworld. It " German Laurent de Médicis " put into practice the ideas of the IVth century before our epoch, contained in the work The Republic of Platon. Thispublication opened the way to a mode1 of perfect City which had to constitute the archetype for numerous subsequent utopian experiments. Jacob Fugger will outstrip in a practical and concrete way, theses mentioned by his English contemporary Thomas More with his publication of 1516 « the Island of Utopia orthe best of republics ». However the Utopia of departure is also going to act as reference, via its descriptions, for the realization of future ideal cities. These theories were going to make room for concrete edification from XVIIth century with French architects such as the Champenois Claude Nicolas Ledoux.These masters of work were going to put into practice the ideas of the philosophers of Light to lodge the first workers working in factories and to become so,the first administrators of housing for workers on the emblematic sites of saline royal of Arch and Senans in Frank County constructed from 1773 till 1779 and of the crystal glassmaking of the Queen in Creusot in Burgundy according to 1782 in 1833. These episodes post revolutionary remain however not muchrelieved by the authors or actual researchers on the origins of the social housing in France. It will be necessary to wait for the Restoration of 1814 with the industrialization of France so that the working concerns appear of which that of the housing. This thesis establishes a classification between the first operators of housing. The first category is that of the utopians which will split into different families of thought: that of the economic realists as the dynasty of Schneider in Creusot impregnated with the ideas of saint Simon, the republican industrialist Emile Menier (close to coopératistes and to mutualistes) or the dynasty of the industrialists then creative Benoit and Jean-Baptiste Gardon of the bronze foundry of Mâcon in 1796 and founders of the Savings bank of Mâcon in 1833 and the Society of mutual assistance said Mâconnaise in 1850. The second category regroups paternalistic christian as the dynasty of Chagot in Montceau Mines, adherents of Frederick Le Play and that of the industrialists Doré in Fontaine les Grés which built al1 social facilities including the church in 1920s. The third category regroups the philanthropists with André Godin, drawing inspiration from thoughts of Charles Fourrier, will give to his workers of its plant and of his Familistère de Guise via their participation in the issued capital of la cooperative society administrator. The fourth category gathers the idealists with Victor Considérant adherent of Charles Fourier who had a go at the installation of numerous phalanstères in France to Condé sur Vesgre in 1833, at Texas in 1854 with the creation of the community member of Réunion, then via the creation of a phalanstère by the Red River in the United States of America. The last category gathers the socialists as Robert Owen and its colony of New Harmony founded in 1825 in United States. nstigator of the creation of numerous cooperatives of consumption which will take their development from 1844 with " Equitable pioneers of Rochdale ". However during all period covering 1510 - 1880, initiative came exclusively from the society and from private industrialists. excepted the intervention of Napoleon III. Nevertheless, in that case, it is the personal funds of the prince president that are going to found in 1849 the Society of the Workers' housing developments of Paris: SCOP. It will be necessary to wait for the end of the XIXth century in England and in Belgium, and for 1912 in France to see appearing the first public operators with the emergence of the first utility. OPHBM manages public service of housing inscribed in the law Bonnevay of 1912. Other paradox, in comparison with present situation, this accommodation for workers was reserved for a long time for a hand of considered work as privileged, benefiting from other numerous advantages. (hospital services, nursing homes, mutual insurance companies) services among which other social categories (farmers, manouvriers, ambulant dealers) did not benefit. With industrial growth and its needs in hand of work, then both worldwide conflicts, the production of social housing was not sufficient to face up all requests to in 1970s. The gold age of the social housing in France and in Europe dates from period said about the Thirty glorious, auspicious period which adjoins that of the State providence. So the States of the western countries and even those of the Eastern block are going to endow at the different needs of their populations. Among these needs, we find bulks after those to eat and to dress himself, that to find a place to live in a worthy of the name house and endowed with the modem conveniences. Of course, to pretend to come back into the category of social housing, it is necessary to add another criterion: that of a rent ceiling maximum the housing of which is reserved for persons with modest incomes. It is necessary to underline that in France, since law on the cheap houses of November 30th, 1894 (Jules Siegfried), the State constitutes the promoter of the social accommodation thanks to numerous direct or indirect financial and fiscal helps poured to the operators of social housing either to their tenants or beneficiaries, (subventions for building, TVA with rate reduces, exoneration of TFPB, set up by APL) and its control by CDC and Savings banks. All these tools contribute to make of the social housing one of the levers of economy and to create the distinctive identity of the French housing, even if helps tend to diminish. The other French singularity concems the multiplicity of operators' farnilies of the social housing in France. So consequently since law ENL OPHLM and OPAC merged under the status unified by public OPH service of the habitat, the public Company SA of the social housing reside under the name of ESH social firms of the habitat, other structures of the social housing continue such the social housing foundations, the cooperative societies, SEM and SACI public companies of homebuyer's Ioan. But other paradox every operator keeps his peculiarities and his clean competences. So, to surround the definition of the social housing and try to project in future, it seemed to us necessary to search the different classifications operated in other countries of Europe. So three definitions of the social housing emergent habitat within Europe of 27, as defined it Laurent Guékitre. 1) The "universalist" comprehension of the accomodation in the Nordic countries. The Scandinavian States challenge the notion of social habitat, and in Sweden, the term of social habitat is replaced with term: of habitat of public utility. 2) The second notion is directed approach. This principle reserves the attribution of social housing for certain target groups. But this concept is also subdivided into two under groups: 2-1) The system founded on attribution to a ceiling of incomes, says "general practitioner" and 2-2) second model said "residual" who concentrates offer to the poorest persons. We find the residual model in the most part of the countries of Southern Europe, (where the social rental accommodation is very slightly represented), but also gift in the Anglo-saxon countries as well as certain existent countries of the Eastern ex Europe. (The faIl of communism in these States caused a massive sale of flats to their tenants, annihilating means in social habitat.) France, as well as other countries, chose a way said median general practitioner. This intermediate comprehension, between Nordic universalist approach and residual, allocates as objective to the social accommodation to lodge household benefiting from wage incomes restricted to aceiling of incomes, performing a sorting in the category of offered accommodation. However, to project in the future of the social housing and try to define its possible evolutions, this thesis recalls other organizations of the social habitat played in other industrial countries located besides Atlantic or in Asia (Japan). It approaches this evolution of the social housing, by comparing it with mutations orchestrated in other emergent, French-speaking countries or not, where the habitat remains a luxury, preoccupation of which passes in the middle distance, after that to feed or to acquire an access to drinking water. So, facing numerous operators of industrial countries, we can only regret the lack of operators in developing countries. We can however consider that the worldwide operator of substitution is PUND: Program of United Nations for Development. This last is present in a good many of country under presses and help to the urgent accommodation before constructing an altemative habitat. The second structure is the HABITAT UNO, which constitutes a force of proposals facing numerous stakes in term of social habitat or not and accommodation for the most divesting all over the world. Faced with this rocking of establishment of the operators and especially the offer of social housing at planetary level, this thesis wonders about the decline nowadays noticed in the western countries, in comparison with deficient offer among social housing for the most divesting! In effect, operations consisting in selling accommodation or financed with public funds to private property promoters became common since a dozen year and no country of the european Union is spared by this phenomenon. This thesis also poses the problem of the impact of European's Community right in the activities of the accommodation and social habitat facing mythical market and in the principle of free competition while paradoxically the European Union has not competence in policy of the accommodation. Already a first confusion was born, with decentralization on the sharing out of competences and on relations between state, regional and local authorities in the field of the social housing. The emergence of a group merging departments endowed with competence accommodation and having regions this intervention capacity risks being very much interesting for the future gouvemance of the OPH departmental. So conceming reforms the operators of the social habitat are far from being ended and this thesis issues the hope of the appearance of unique operator in Europe managing a social habitat from which definition will come of a harmonization of legislation of the different countries of Europe constituting the European ' policy of the social housing
Roussy, Damien. "La politique d'assistance publique de la ville de Bordeaux sous la IIIe République." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40034.
Gueye, Serigne Touba Mbacké. "La Politique du logement social en France et au Québec (Canada) entre 1990 et 2008 : les enjeux de la mixité." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0061.
The main aim of this thesis is to treat, by a thorough comparative analysis, failure of the policy of social diversity in France and reasons of its absence in the public policies of Quebec. Thus, the defended thesis consists in showing that social diversity does not exist yet in the French and Quebec public social housing even if one can note policies which were supposed to carry it out -social diversity political in France and of Community development and communities in Quebec. Since the beginning as of the Nineties, social diversity is considered, in France, as one of the best solutions to many problems with which the inhabitants of the disadvantaged districts are confronted. Contrary to France, the Nineties, in Quebec, were remembered by the withdrawal of the Federal state of any financing of the public social housing. This withdrawal registered Quebecese social Housing Park in a process of degradation and impoverishment without precedent
Dietrich-Ragon, Pascale. "Le logement intolérable : habitants et pouvoirs publics face à l'insalubrité." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0031.
For a few years, the housing issue and, within it, the damaged housing question, has been appearing the news. In Paris, a voluntarism policy against insaIubrity has been set up since 2002. 11us thesis focuses on 'the "careers" of those living in houses targeted by such policy. It studies the movement of this population from one house to another, but also its experiences and specific relationships to institutions. This thesis is based both on a survey, done twice in two years, with a sample of more than 500 people living in poor conditions, and on an ethnographical work. Between the lines, this work questions social policies based on emergency, which focus on marginal problems, and on their more extreme manifestations
Poirier, Cécile. "L'ethnicité comme ressource politique : partage de l'espace urbain et gestion de la diversité à Montréal et Bordeaux." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30018.
During the last twenty years, local authorities in western countries have been put under pressure to better take into account their citizens’ ethnocultural differences or, on the contrary, to limit such adaptation. Although this kind of accommodation often consists of ad hoc measures, researchers in the field of the management of diversity, have tended to focus on public policies. This research examines instead concrete practices of diversity management, specifically in the domain of sports and leisure, which are usually perceived as a means of social integration. In fact, both diversity management and recreation services are somewhat ambiguous because of their double vocation of respecting differences and personal development and promoting integration. Both also operate in a context dominated by formal and informal partnerships with a variety of organisations providing public services. What strategies do local authorities adopt to take differences into account and develop appropriate service provision? Based on three case studies (two in Montreal and one in Bordeaux), this research reveals that diversity management practices depend less on formal policy than on local issues of governance in sports and leisure and on the actors’ capacity to understand cultural codes. From a scientific viewpoint it underscores the relevance of the notion of ethnicity as a political resource, and from a practical viewpoint it highlights the importance of developing intercultural training and reflexive practices
Carton, Alain. "Application de la théorie financière au marché immobilier : construction d'un indice avec vérification empirique à Bordeaux." Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40025.
Three mains interrogations are necessary to elaborate a real estate price index. The first question makes reference to tle applicability of the portofolio theory in the housing market, that's to say the question of efficiency. A study of literature shows a deep divergence of view about the acceptation of the refusal of such hypothesis. Then, the second question stress on the successive valuation in real estate price index construction. For that reason hedonic pricing models, the most pertinent methods are realised. .
Robin, Christophe-Luc. "Le personnel politique du libournais de napoleon bonaparte a albert lebrun - etude prosopographique des parlementaires, conseillers generaux, conseillers d'arrondissement de libourne de 1800 a 1940." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30008.
Bourekhoum, Ouahab. "Le droit au logement en France et en Italie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0072.
Man no longer truly lives somewhere, he shelters. To live somewhere would entail a “part of the world” belonging to the individual in order for the évènement de demeurer to arise. The right to adequate housing conveys a democratic requirement that must be taken seriously. This requirement reveals itself inevitably as an expression of a certain openness of positive law to the present, the law being unable to ignore its surroundings. The individual constantly questions his resources when they are insufficient or no longer ensure a dignified existence and turns, if needs be, to national solidarity as a remedy. Consequently, it is important to analyse the normative substance of the right to adequate housing in the light of the convergence of its international and national sources. This enrichment furthers the application of these norms, by the principle of subsidiarity, by the actors closest to the social misery upon whom it bears to give meaning to the right to adequate housing
Nony, Isabelle. "N'habite pas à l'adresse indiquée : la question du logement depuis 1830." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0010.
The housing question appeared around 1830, when industrial revolution increased rural exodus transforming the residential patterns. Social housing became part of the broader social question, including working and living conditions. Some thinkers believed that building houses for workers would guarantee family stability. They promoted the single-family cottage as a condition for social peace. State action was not considered necessary until the Second World War, following which Welfare-state policy included housing policy. It supposed housing building, rents controling, but also city planning and the creation of building standards. After 1977, the housing question went From being a political to a social issue, and building support switched to rent paying support. After earth property, house property is considered the prerequisite for citizenship and housing policy often takes the form of help for owning a house. However, it increased the gap between landlords and tenants. At the same time, social housing, originally built to be a step towards property, became a trap for several households unable to afford apartments. Comfort, safety and security are not guaranteed for ail housing places and this situation is considered in breach of the right to housing. A "good house" must provide a place to live, look after one's family, work and develop sociability. When links between apartment and neighbourhood are not possible, integration by housing is not possible. Consequently, city planning and housing policies shall therefore be worked on and implemented together so as to overcome the above-mentionned limit of social integration by housing
Sala, Pala Valérie. "Politique du logement social et construction des frontières ethniques : une comparaison franco-britannique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476243.
Bonnet, Lucie. "La métamorphose du logement social : faire de l'habitat le support de capacité." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0109.
Min, You-Ki. "La réforme de l'habitat populaire dans la région parisienne, 1870-1914 : anthropologie historique des logements sociaux." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0130.
In a perspective of historical anthropology this thesis analyse the whole factors formning the popular housing reform from 1870 to 1914 : the condition of the popular housing, the conducts determined by the housing, the legislative and administrative foundations of the social housing, the origins of the HBM societies and their constructions, public establishments and the associations which supported this reform, the speech of the bourgeoisie class which is directed to this reform, the positions of the socialists regarding their politics, the question of the state's function and the private initiative in the reform, the norms and the rules reclaimed for the social housing, the organisation of the space in the H. B. M. Being at once conservative and progressive, the popular housing reform is the result of sociocultural strategies for the social integration and segregation which arrived to make practice with the harmonious technique in control of the mass society, around the domestic spaces
Foucauld, Bertrand de. "Développement durable et gouvernances du logement social." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040172.
In the sustainable development framework, what are the answers in the Ile-de-France Region to deprived housing? What are the flaws in the spatial distribution of housing and in the residential history of the households, with all the socio-economic, sociological, symbolic and environmental aspects?The city policies in the Ile-de-France region, applied in a Republican and very hierarchical framework, have given, since 1980, only mediocre results to council housing or de facto social habitat. In the département of Seine-Saint-Denis, urban and social works against private habitats insalubrity have provided interesting results. But they remain, because of their complexity, limited in numbers. However, is it not the first function of a city to accommodate its residents and newcomers? Aren’t the objectives of the State and local authorities to provide a healthy and pleasant urban environment, and to build a good "image" of each city in a context that is competitive at different scales?The study of the London housing, and its comparison with the one of the Ile-de-France Region, shows housing conceptions and applied solutions in Britain that could provide interesting elements to solve the problem of deprived habitat. The legal structure of the British real estate, and governance that is more communitarian and closer to the inhabitants, helped to bring more efficiency to public actions related to social housing. Local management, very present and very embodied in London, develops conflicts prevention and enhances the local authorities’ responsiveness vis-à-vis the residents of private and public housing. This proximity is associated with a very democratic and delegative management. But the British capital must manage the gentrification of some of its areas and the increase of socio-economic disparities.Meanwhile, environmental issues related to housing require the local authorities, and their inhabitants, to adapt their modes of governance and life. The creation of social ties and partnerships at different levels, in less centralized frameworks, are likely to bring more efficiency in the urban and social organization of the Ile-de-France and London regions
Bourekhoum, Ouahab. "Le droit au logement en France et en Italie." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879793.
Hubert, Jérôme. "L’influence de l’action publique sur la demande et l’offre de logement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL12013/document.
This doctoral thesis deals with factors determining the housing demand and supply, with applications in the former Nord-Pas-de-Calais region. Opening chapter provides an analysis about 200 papers published in the Journal of Housing Economics from 2003 to 2012. It shows informative results to novice or experienced researchers in housing economics. The second chapter presents in detail the new database called « Demande de valeurs foncières » to account the wealth of material it contained. This chapter also shows some statistics about housing marking of Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The third chapter is implementing ans hedonic model to explicit factors affecting housing prices. Apart from the « Demande de valeurs foncières » database, this study uses several spatialized datas due to a SIG. The chapter 4 uses former estimation results to estimate the housing and land rent stock of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais. These results provides keys to understanding the housing value creation in one of the most densely populated areas in France. For example, they show that around 50% of housing estimate come from where it stands. The last chapter concluded this work deepening the DiPasquale-Wheaton theoretical model with the objetive of establishing links among different players who make up the housing market
Berland-Berthon, Agnès. "La démolition des ensembles de logements sociaux : l'urbanisme entre scènes et coulisses." Bordeaux 3, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759732.
Demolition of social housing building is considered today, as an official and justified action process in 1/ patrimonial management of an obsolete public housing stock, 2/ urban management of working class neightborhoods. Responding to increasing demolition requests, the state government will resist until 1988 to this inthinkable demolition process, and put forward the " repairing referential " of a generalized rehabilitation policy to the entire social housing stock. The rising development of local urban policies will lead the state government to a first administrative legitimacy of demolition in 1996 in the " urban project process ". The use will be common in 2001, in the name of urban renewal and of limits recognition of the urban policy to reduce the social and spatial segregation phenomena versus " egalitarian city " republican idealism. The long terme resistance of the french state government to transfer to the local authority the arbitration of using demolition for a social vocation public patrimony is analyzed, here, with the help of political science tools, and more particulary these ones of public policy analysis of non-decision making approach. These ones unable us to reveal the internal contradiction of action system composed of the three interdependant partners of the social housing policy implementation : state government, local government and public housing authorities. Thought as between " scenes and screens ", betweem resistance and retreat facing local reality, the urban design project is considered here as a contingent product of actors strategies with divergent interests, about which the demolition thesis allows us to study the production process
Gayraud, Laure. "La politique d'emploi des personnes handicapées Genèse et mise en œuvre d'une politique ordinaire (le cas de la Gironde)." Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00184150.
Bécot, Chantal. "Les acteurs urbains et la politique publique d'action foncière : la création d'espace économique dans l'agglomération bordelaise." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40010.
The subject of this thesis is the public policy of the economic land lead in the communes of the urban community of bordeaux, from 1943 to 1993. The main object of this research is to understand why and how the local decidors use town planning procedures in order to create economic space. The conceptual referencies used to interpret the collected informations come from the organisational approach, completed with elements of public policy analysis. The evolvement of this thesis is organised so. The first part underlines the compulsions that limit the decisional freedom of the local decidors. The second part definies the concept of "urban actor" and revel the relationships of power existing in the "concrete system of action". The last part is consacreated to the analysis of the consequencies of the elements previously exposed : in one hand, the modifications of the studied public policy; in the other hand, the characteristics of the system of action explain the existency and the configuration of the local decisional style
Lerique, Florence. "Recherche sur les aspects juridiques de la politique de la ville." Lille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL20005.
The consequences of the concentration of population in cities have led public authorities for several decades to give attention to urban issues. France has not escaped successive waves of urban nots. The state's reaction to this phenomenon has been the creation of a new type of policy, called + urban policy. Our aim is to define and evaluate the legal implications of this policy, showing that a policy focusing on cities is the startmg-pomt for a new form of urban law, one with a social focus. The legislation implementing such a policy gives substance to a +law of the city, characterized by the need to aid the most disadvantaged sections of society. Conceptual problems abound: the most important is that, in France, a city is not a legal unit. Responsibility for implementing this new form of urban law is therefore divided between neighborhoods, administrative districts and urban areas. Further, this law is characterized by a form of state intervention which mixes both unilateral and consensual elements. This brings about far-reaching modifications to the structure and aims of the state, as the century comes to an end. One such modification is to encourage the processes of deconcentration and decentralization of administrative organizations
Kim, Young-Tae. "Etude comparative des politiques du logement social : les cas français et britannique et leur applicabilité à la Corée." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0041.