Дисертації з теми "Politique des dépenses publiques – Pays en développement"
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Woba, Ali Badara. "Dépenses publiques et politique sociale dans les pays développés et dans les pays en développement : la cas de la France et des pays de l'UMOA." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D022.
Повний текст джерелаBassi, Angelo. "Analyse économique des dépenses publiques d'infrastructure : application aux pays en développement." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010065.
Повний текст джерелаMesseant, Philippe. "L'effet d'éviction financier dans les pays en voie de développement : application aux cas de la Côte d'Ivoire et du Sénégal, pays membres de l'Union monétaire Ouest-Africaine." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF10007.
Повний текст джерелаFauvelle-Aymar, Christine. "Analyse positive de la politique fiscale." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010005.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis propounds a positive analysis of tax policy which embodies political and economic determinants of taxation. Both theoretical and empirical, this work concerns the whole developed and developing coutries. The first part deals wit governmental behaviour and the second part with the study of public policies. Chapter 1, which analysis the behaviour of a government whose objective is to maximise tax revenue, examines the economic and financial aspects of taxation and the problem of administrative constraint. Chapter 2 describes the main positive models of tax policy (where governemental objective is to ensure his political survival) and studies the effect political constraint on governmental tax choices (i. E. The redistributive consequences of taxation, the problem of tax counterpart). In chapter 3, we propose a model of governement which accounts for both economic and political determinant of taxation and which is aplicable to any economic system and any political regime. In this model, the objective of the governement, constraints by his political environment, is to maximise his discretionary surplus, which corresponds to th of financial means that can be used in complete political autonomy. Chapter 4 deals with fiscal and political repression policies as well as with persuasion policy which aims at modifying way taxpayers view the levying policy (by creating fiscal illusion). Chapter 5 analysis redistributive actions governeme takes in order to increase his political support (electoral and partisan policy). It also includes study of interest gro influence. The final chapter (chapter 6) proposes a cross section analysis concerning 67 developing coutries. This empirical study scrutinizes the effect of the political capacity of a government (measured by the degree of political instability, the f of opposition movements) on its fiscal capacity (tax level and structure)
Sameti, Madjid. "Articulation financière des secteurs public et privé dans les pays en développement : (le cas de l'Iran)." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0059.
Повний текст джерелаThe deficiency of the financial system, the dichotomy of economic activities of the public and the private sectors, and the dependence on exterior economic resources in the long run are the essential causes of the inefficient allocation of financial and other economic resources in developing countries. Moreover, the ambiguity of the economic strategies and the lack of an exact determination of the specific roles of the public ant private sectors are the reasons behind the failure of governmental economic policies. The main question here is to determine how and in what areas the government should intervene and invest in order to encourage the private sector and economic development. This question is worth discussing within the general framework of all developing countries, but with the specifics of each country taken into account when discussing economic policies in that particular country. Our objective is to analyze the financial problems and linkage between the two sectors in developing countries in general and in iran in particular. The main results are that the monetary and financial policies applied since 1973 in iran had negative effects on the economic growth of real gdp. Also, the petroleum revenues had a crowding out effect on the productions of other economic activities. Finally, the econometric results show the existence of complementarity relations between investments in both public and private sectors, i. E. That the public investment has a crowding in effect on the private one
Kuate, Fotue Landry. "Allocation des dépenses publiques pour la transformation structurelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26133.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Tahar Moez. "Evaluation et mesure des contributions des chocs budgétaires dans les fluctuations économiques des pays en développement : cas de la Tunisie et de la région MENA." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0021.
Повний текст джерелаSince the 1970s, the use of discretionary fiscal policy for stabilization of economic activity is the subject of many controversies. The opponents of the Keynesian analysis presented several theoretical and practical justifications against the effectiveness of fiscal instrument: Crowding out Effect, Ricardian Equivalence, Rational Expectations, and most recently, the “Anti-Keynesian Effect”. This research proposes an original scientific approach which permits to identify and to explain the dynamic effects of discretionary fiscal impulses using theoretical model (DSGE model) and to quantify and predict the impact of fiscal shocks using econometric methodology (SVAR model). We address also the issue of procyclicality of fiscal policy in developing countries and their determinants
Herrera, Rémy. "Dépenses publiques et croissance de long terme : approches théoriques et empiriques appliquées à l'économie du développement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010046.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis investigates, from a theoretical and empirical point of view, the effects of productive and nonproductive public expenditure on long-run growth. A case study is proposed for India and Pakistan. First, public and private capital productive contributions to growth are studied on a panel data set (29 developing countries, 1980-91), by estimating a simultaneous equation model explaining the GDP as well as public and private capital formation. After that, the factor marginal productivities and externalities from public sectors (education-health, infrastructure, consumption) are econometrically examined on Indian and Pakistani time series data (1960-93). The dynamic effects of productive public expenditure on growth are then analyzed in the framework of a dynamized general equilibrium model (calibrated and simulated), whose originality is to produce endogenous growth through human capital accumulation in the education public sector, with a convex axiomatic (i. E a constant returns to scale macroeconomic production function with regard to reproducible and non-reproducible factors, thanks to a hypothesis of substituability between skilled and nonskilled labor). The focus is then concentrated on the role of non-productive public expenditure (consumption, defense). A time series study analyses the influence of military spending on other budgetary and fiscal variables (expenditures and revenues), using a simultaneous equation model integrating direct and indirect effects (on the central and local budgets, with budgetary federalism). Finally, an endogenous growth model, with military spending, is simulated in a new analytical perspective, both economic (growth and welfare) and strategic (game theory, with three actors: India, Pakistan, China). This work aims at explaining some of the prerequisites to development, among which the rebalancing of the budger structure between productive and non-productive expenditure,and investment in human capital
Gadenne, Lucie. "Trois essais sur les finances publiques dans les pays en voie de développement." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0047.
Повний текст джерелаThe first chapter uses a novel panel dataset of tax revenues and government expenditures in developing countries to investigate wether countries are able to recover the lost tariff revenues due to trade liberalization through other taxes. We use the intuition that pre-existing tax capacity is needed to levy domestic taxes to explain theoretically why some countries are unable to recover all tax revenues lost from lovering tariffs. We provide some empirical evidence in line with the model's predictions. The second chapter documents cyclical patterns of government expenditures in sub-Saharan Africa since 1970 and explains variation between countries and over time. We find some evidence that procyclicality in Africa has declined in recent years after a period of high procyclicality during the 1980s and 1990s. The final chapter shows that local governments are more accountable when a larger of their resource comes from local taxes. I compare how local governments in Brazil spend increases in tax and transfer revenues and find that an increase in local tax revenues leads to a bigger increase in local public services (health and education) than an increase in transfers of the same amount. Moreover extra transfer revenues lead to more corruption, extra tax revenues do not
De, Oliveira Monteiro Sara Paulina. "Economie de l'innovation, dépenses publiques productives et croissance économique : une étude empirique pour l'évaluation du rôle des infrastructures technologiques dans les pays de l'OCDE." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0025/document.
Повний текст джерелаOur study has the aim of defining the impact generated by the technological infrastructure on innovation and economic growth in the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). We will draw inspiration from the "Quadruple Helix of Innovation" theory (QH) in order to construct a theoretical model of economic growth that will assess the role played by a set of technological infrastructures belonging to different "innovation ecosystems", in the presence of innovation open systems and the "mode 3" of knowledge production. We chose the recent QH theory on National Innovation Systems (NIS) as it describes a new economic reality where innovation is seen as the result of co-creation between businesses, citizens, universities and government, in a context characterized by the existence of partnerships, networks of collaboration and symbiotic relationships. A theoretical model of economic growth based on R & D and on productive public spending will be developed to demonstrate the importance of the existence of technological infrastructure in promoting innovation, and ultimately its contribution to economic growth. This will make it possible to evaluate the effects of productive public spending through a study of "transitional dynamics" and an empirical analysis based on the new database CANA (2011)
Kouassi, Jean Sébastien. "Criteres de soutenabilité de la dette publique et niveau de developpement." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0001.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse public debt sustainability according to the level of national economic development. After reviewing the economic literature on public debt sustainability indicators, we applied specific empirical methods to compare developed countries and analyse a heavily indebted poor country (HIPC). We first estimated, among G7 governements, an error-correction-type policy reaction function based on an iterative bayesian estimation that compares the different dynamics of public debt evolution. This analysis reveals that on one hand G7 governments did not focus on debt sustainability during the time frame (1978-2007) ; on the other hand, we noticed a particular attention to debt sustainability in Eurozone countries (Germany, France, Italy) as compared to other countries in the sample. Next, we analyzed the debt sustainability of Côte d’Ivoire, a sub-Saharan Heavily Indebted Poor Country using statistical methods developed by the IMF and the World Bank. The results showed that the country has a moderate risk to indebtment ; therefore budget stabilization and diversification of its exports will be critical for its long-term debt sustainability. Beyond these objectives, the evaluation of the public debt management process, based on an international method (DeMPA), also highlights that designing a real national debt policy could fulfill the shortcomings of current policies. Overall, the conclusions of our thesis suggest additional researches and reflections on the theoretical analysis of public debt and on the architecture of the international public debt management frameworks
Vergne, Clémence. "ESSAIS SUR LES DEFAILLANCES DES MARCHES POLITIQUES ET LES ELECTIONS DANS LES PAYS EN DEVELOPPEMENT : UNE CONTRIBUTION A LA NOUVELLE ECONOMIE POLITIQUE." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638861.
Повний текст джерелаDione, Léon-Amath. "Composition des dépenses publiques et impacts sur la croissance économique : analyses théoriques et empiriques sur des panels de pays développés, émergents et en voie de développement." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOE004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe economic role of the State has been the subject of much debate both from theoretical and the practical perspectives. The actors of these controversies include the objectors of the efficiency of the public intervention since Smith to the present days, Keynesians and economists of the synthesis. Topics ranging from principle of the invisible hand, tax, expectations, burden of the debt, crowding out effect, public sector production are treated through of such debates. The work explains the breakdown of public spending components and implications for countries at levels development (OECD, BRICS, and WAEMU). The study also indicated that the effects of the public spending and its components on the economic activity are different according countries’ stage of development. A lastly, research work suggests that the optimal size of the public spending and its components are an increasing function of the level of development with the exception of military expenditures
Ly, Mouhamadou Moustapha. "Trois essais sur les effets de la politique budgétaire dans les pays en développement." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606175.
Повний текст джерелаGab-Leyba, Guy dabi. "Essais sur l'efficience et la fiscalité pétrolière dans les pays en développement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD027.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to highlight the determinants of the efficiency of public policies in developing countries. The results show that countries with natural resources and in fragile situations tend to have less efficient public spending on primary education. The results also reveal that the increase in the share of health expenditure in total household expenditure, the poverty incidence rate, the literacy rate and the location in areas considered as isolated reduce the efficiency of health structures. Conversely, the increase in the incidence rate of malaria and the prevalence rate of malnutrition improve the efficiency of health structures. Regarding the efficiency of credit institutions, the results highlight an improvement in the efficiency score over the period 2000-2015 despite the fact that on average, the efficiency of banks in the CEMAC zone is around 33%. Estimates also show that a large size and high liquidity improve the technical efficiency of credit institutions while an increase in banking risk reduces it. Finally, the assessment of petroleum tax regimes in force in Chad reveals that production sharing contracts allow to Government to capture a higher share of oil rent compared to contracts based on the concession system. In addition, contracts based on production sharing have the characteristic of being progressive. These results have implications for economic policy. Thus, developing countries should give priority to improving the quality of social spending by promoting transparency and good governance in the implementation of development projects and publics policy. In particular, in the health sector, there is an urgent need to improve the quality of health personnel and better programming of operating expenditure aimed at making health infrastructures operational. Then, to increase the profitability of the banks in the countries of the CEMAC zone, it would be advisable to diversify the structures beneficiary of the credits and to implement reforms aiming at improving the business environment. Finally, the Chadian Government should reactivate a counter-cyclical policy in order to guard against fluctuations in oil revenues
Masquin, Benoît. "Financement de la recherche scientifique et croissance endogène." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0041.
Повний текст джерелаIn the first instance the thesis studies two difficulties of financing scientific research. The first concerns the type of financing chosen and the second, the choice of the amount to be financed in an open economy. To study these questions, we have developed an extension of Romer's (1990) endogenous growth model, including a sector of scientific research. Then, we show that financing science by an ad-valorem tax penalise growth. However, this cost may be reduced if complementary policies are engaged. These complementary policies relate to train researchers, competition in the sector of innovation and the choice of a more targeted tax. Concerning the investment to be made in scientific research, we show that this investment depends on the choices made by other open economies, which implies a risk of free riding. We observe that a country disposing of more high skilled labour will met relatively more that a country with less resources. However, we show that, the existence of differences in financing is, in the majority of cases, beneficial for all. We have developed a second theme which studies the best moment for the adoption of new technologies by developing countries. We show that, in the presence of obstacles to the adoption of the technologies, it is not optimal to invest in new technology and increase the total factor productivity until the country reach a certain level of development. We thus show that an economy may be caught in a poverty trap and that a too substantial investment in human capital made lead to waste
Ogweno, Jedah. "Essays on fiscal space in developing countries : the role of international remittances, convergence programs and fiscal federalism." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1025.
Повний текст джерелаFiscal policy is important for development financing, particularly in the context of limited fiscal space, as in many developing countries. This thesis studies the potential of fiscal policy as an asset to fund development. It explores four fundamental questions about the effectiveness of this political-economic tool and resource mobilization. The first essay analyses the impact of migrant remittances on non-resource tax revenues in remittance-recipient countries and how institutional stability modifies this relationship. The results show a positive association mainly through its effect on indirect taxes. Furthermore, institutional quality does not augment the remittance-taxation relationship, as this positive effect diminishes as institutions stabilize. The second essay studies macroeconomic convergence programs' contribution to fiscal convergence and fiscal sustainability of African Regional Economic Communities. Although there is no absolute fiscal convergence in public debt, revenue and expenditure, the log-t tests show conditional convergence. Furthermore, the subsequent analysis fails to validate the hypothesis that belonging to a monetary zone, which is perceived as the deepest form of integration, augments the response of fiscal policy to increasing public debt. The third essay examines the effects of expenditure decentralization and revenue autonomy on the fiscal performance of central government (CG) and subnational governments (SNGs). The results show that expenditure decentralization could enhance CG fiscal performance but only at low levels of transfer dependency by SNGs. However, higher revenue autonomy is detrimental to both central and subnational performance. Nevertheless, enhancing SNG accountability and taking into account the vertical fiscal relations when designing decentralization reforms could reduce the deficit bias at the central and local levels. The final essay investigates how fiscal imbalances (vertical and horizontal) affect tax revenue collection efforts in Kenyan local governments. The results show that vertical imbalances diminish the share of own-source revenues, confirming that large vertical imbalances may foster subnational fiscal indiscipline through a lower tax effort. However, "poorer" county governments exert a higher tax effort
Meyimdjui, Carine. "Essays on Public Policies of Food Crises and Exports Upgrading in Developing Countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2019CLFAD027_MEYIMDJUI.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe recent surges in food commodity prices have drawn attention on one of most severe sources of vulnerability for developing countries. In addition to financial constraints that these countries already face, (among these, the lack of insurance system to weather external shocks), their households also spend an outsized portion of their budgets on food consumption. Consequently, they experienced substantial increase in their import bills in the wake of surges in food prices. This thesis presents several essays that examine on one hand the public policies taken in response to import food shocks. On the other hand, since trade-related policies as well as exports concentration may also heighten countries’ vulnerability, relevant aspects of international trade are also discussed.The first half of this dissertation examines the link between import food price shocks and fiscal policy. Essay 1 describes the effect of food price shocks on governments' expenditure structure, while Essays 2 and 3 turn to how governments' use of discretionary fiscal policy and fiscal stimulus during food price shocks affect household consumption and socio-political instability.The second half of the thesis consists of two essays addressing agricultural price distortion and exports upgrading. Essay 4 lays out the impact of climatic variability on agricultural price distortions, while essay 5 focuses on how exports concentration and exports quality upgrading impact household consumption volatility
Barka, Mohammed Zine. "Dépenses publiques et développement : le cas de l'Algérie." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100010.
Повний текст джерелаThe main aim of this thesis is to analyze the growth of the public expenditure in Algeria between I963 and I982. Seeing the magnitude of the expansion of the public sector in Algeria it looks necessary to attempt an analysis of the determinants of the factors responsible for such a fast growth. To study the role of the public expenditure in the development of Algeria, we devoted the first part of the thesis to analyzing the main features of the planning system and the different targets to be reached. So what has been achieved on the economic and social frons since independence? Clearly, the sharp rise of the sale of the resource (hydrocarbons), particularly in I974 and 1981, allowed the level of public investment to an unprecedented level. Then we concentrate on collecting and analyzing financial data. An empirical study is made to analyze the evolution of public expenditure between 1963 and 1982. In the last part we review the literature explaining the determinants of the growth of the public sector in the developed countries. We conclude our research by running some tests derived from the literature and hence try to determine if certain hypothesis applied and verified in the developed countries are fully adequate to explain the growth of public expenditure in a developing country, like Algeria
Traore, Mohamed. "Fiscal policy, income inequality and inclusive growth in developing countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe issue of inclusive development in developing countries is at the heart of this thesis. The latter revolves around four chapters on fiscal policy issues and inclusive growth-related matters. Chapter 1 explores how government tax policy affects the inclusiveness of growth in developing countries. Evidence is shown that tax policy affects significantly inclusive growth if and only if the countries have a strong institution quality like low corruption and a good bureaucratic policy. In addition, our result shows that there is an optimal tax beyond which, any increase in the personal income tax rate should have negative impact on inclusive growth. The Chapter 2 examines the effects of government expenditure components on both equity and growth in sub-Saharan countries, especially whether it is possible to design public spending to promote a more equitable society without sacrificing economic growth. We find that investment in infrastructure contributed to more inclusive growth in Sub-sub Saharan African economies than others government spending. These results suggest that temporary and well-targeted programs should be implemented to help those being left out by the growth process. The Chapter 3 investigates whether income inequality matters in the periods of fiscal adjustments in Côte d’Ivoire over the period 1980-2014. The results show an improvement in growth performance after fiscal consolidations episodes, but also income gap decreases in the periods ahead fiscal adjustments. Lastly, Chapter 4 assesses the credibility of fiscal forecasts and their social effects in CEMAC and WAEMU countries. We obtain evidence that the inefficiency of fiscal forecast occurs in most time because the forecast deviation is proportional to the forecast itself, but also because the past errors are repeated in the present. Furthermore, a part of revenue forecast errors can be explained by random shocks to the economy. Therefore, these errors in revenue forecast considered as fiscal policy shocks has a detrimental effect on inclusive growth
Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm. "Essays on Fiscal Policy in OECD and developing countries." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10430/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe issue of financing development in developing countries is at the heart of this thesis. The latter revolves around four chapters on financing development related matters. The chapter 1 explores how fiscal episodes in the main traditional OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) donors affect their supply of development aid towards developing countries. Evidence is shown that fiscal episodes affect significantly aid supply, with a behavioural difference between European Union and Non-European countries in terms of aid supply. The chapter 2 deals with the consequences of development aid unpredictability and migrants' remittances on fiscal consolidation in developing countries. We find evidence that while migrants' remittances exert a positive and significant effect on the likelihood of fiscal consolidation in developing countries, development aid unpredictability does not. These results particularly suggest that a better management of the revenues derived from these private transfers during their booms could help avoid such situations and allow greater room of maneuver for governments’ recipients to implement countercyclical measures during bad times. The chapter 3 investigates whether the structural vulnerability of developing countries matters for their public indebtedness and evidence is obtained that it does. More specifically, we observe the existence of U-curve relationship between this structural vulnerability and the total public debt of these countries. Focusing on the specific case of CFA Franc Zone countries in chapter 4, we examine the relationship between the structural vulnerability and the probability of entering into excessive public debt. We also obtain evidence of a nonlinear effect of the structural vulnerability indicator with respect to the probability of entering into excessive debt: a rise in the structural vulnerability of these countries increases their probability to engage into excessive debt; however this probability declines after a certain threshold of their structural vulnerability. These results (both for developing countries and particularly for CFA Franc Zone countries) suggest that international development institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) should take into account such vulnerability in their assessment of the adequate development policies and recommendations - especially those related to debt issues -, to these countries
Sawadogo, Pegdéwendé Nestor. "Fiscal policy and financing for development in developing countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD007.
Повний текст джерелаThe central question of this thesis is how fiscal policy could be used for development finance purposes. Indeed, we identify and investigate pathways through which developing states can mobilize resources to improve sustainable development. For this purpose, we conduct policy-oriented researches (using suitable statistical and econometrical tools) and provide advices for developing countries. The first part of the dissertation addresses the issue of external resources mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 1 and Chapter 2). In Chapter 1, we investigate the effects of public expenditures on sovereign bond spreads in emerging market countries. We show that developing countries could have a better access to international financial market by supporting public investment and reducing current spending. Specifically, spending on human capital (education and health) and other public infrastructures significantly reduce bond spreads. They should also improve the quality of governance since financial markets award well-governed countries with better borrowing conditions. We examine, in Chapter 2, the strength of fiscal rules in terms of improving financial markets access for developing countries. We find that the adoption of fiscal rules reduces sovereign bond spreads and consequently improve financial market access. Indeed, this result is explained by the credibility of fiscal policy channel: more credible governments are rewarded in the international financial markets with low sovereign bond spreads and high sovereign debt ratings. Our findings confirm that the adoption and sound implementation of fiscal rules is an instrument for policy makers to improve developing countries’ financial market access. The second part of the dissertation focuses on what developing countries could do to improve internal resources mobilization (Chapter 3 and Chapter 4). As a matter of fact, we explore the relationship between fiscal rules and inequality (Chapter 3) and find that fiscal rules adoption contributes to reduce inequality in developing countries. The policy implication is that developing countries could finance their development in a sustainable way (via the reduction of inequalities) by adopting fiscal rules. Moreover, we assess the effects of combating illicit financial flows on domestic tax revenue mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 4). We highlight that countries which cooperate with international standards for anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) are more able to mobilize tax revenue than countries which do not cooperate. Consequently, developing countries could mobilize more domestic tax revenue by implementing policies to curtail illicit financial flows. They should establish sound institutions
Bachellerie, Adeline. "Essai sur l'intégration régionale et la politique budgétaire." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010042.
Повний текст джерелаEnayati, Fatemeh. "Les dépenses publiques et croissance économique dans les pays en développement : le cas de quelques pays de la région MENA." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0039.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this study is to highlight the effects of public spending on economic growth in selected countries of the Middle East and North African region. The first hypothesis of our research was therefore to examine the effect of the size of the state , or more specifically, to test the effects of public spending on economic growth in these countries, therefore the dependent variable is GDP growth per capita. Our empirical results based on panel data method show indeed a negative effect of the size of the state (measured by government consumption expenditure) on the economic growth in 21 countries of the region. The expansion in size of the state means a reduced presence of the private sector in economic activities, less competition, and sometimes leads to the inefficiency of the public sector, normally accompanied by corruption and rent seeking in these countries, a phenomenon that hampers economic growth. Our second hypothesis is to test the existence of a Beta convergence among these countries. In all of the regressions of our empirical study, the per capita GDP coefficient during the period (t-1) is negative and significant, implying that countries with higher GDP per capita, will have lower GDP per capita in average in the following periods. We also used some other key variables affecting growth and economic development, in other words to identify public spending enhancing growth in Middle East, North African countries. Therefore we have integrated the variable of public spending on research and development, public health spending and also the unemployment rate which captures the effect of "human capital" on economic growth. Empirical results show a significant and positive effect of public spending of Research and Development on economic growth and a negative and significant effect of unemployment rate
El, Mniai Abdelmalek. "L'application du modèle français de la Cour des comptes dans quelques pays africains." Paris 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA020043.
Повний текст джерелаDo, santos Zounon Isabelle. "Finances publiques dans les pays en développement : trois essais empiriques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2021_0018_LOKONON.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDeveloping countries face immense challenges in financing their economies. Their public finances are fragile and highly subject to fluctuations in commodity prices. The capacity of these states to raise funds on the global financial markets is very limited. For several decades, endogenous development strategies and the support of development partners have not made it possible to overcome these difficulties on a lasting basis. The acceleration and persistence of budget deficits in these countries since the financial crisis of 2007 once again raise the specter of the unsustainable indebtedness of the 1980s and 1990s. The analysis of structural fiscal deficits in developing countries is therefore a problem. Important research in economics. It is within this framework that our thesis falls, the objective of which is to contribute through three essays to a better understanding of the macroeconomics of public finances in developing countries and emerging economies. To this end, our analysis covers around 100 countries over two decades. Our investigation is structured around three chapters, each one mobilizing different econometric tools to answer specific questions. In the first chapter, using the “Extreme Bound Analysis” and “Bayesian Model Averaging” methods, we study the determinants of structural budget deficits in developing countries and emerging markets. In the second chapter, we analyze the sustainability of public finances in these countries by examining whether the choice of exchange rate policy influences its level. We use recent panel cointegration techniques to do this, taking into account inter-country dependencies and potential structural disruptions. In the last chapter, we examine the impact of the size of the informal sector on budget performance on the same sample from quantile panel regressions with fixed effects taken into account
KOFFI, EDME. "Les entreprises publiques dans les p. V. D. : efficacite economique et ou efficacite politique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010033.
Повний текст джерелаCreate and manage public enterprises is a political decision. In that sense, a pure economic analysis is not enough to understand the consequences of those decisions on public enterprises performances. Public choice theory is more relevant to analyse the decisions making process in public enterprises and to appreciate their performances. In other words, public enterprises are created in order to reach political efficiency (succes in simulation and in duplicity) in spite off economic one (in the sense of pareto). In short and medium terms, political environment determine the working and the performances of public enterprises. But, in the long period, economic variables become more relevant. In ldc's, where it is difficult to draw the border between political, social and economic dimensions, public choice analysis shows that the nationalization process end privatization policy are both explained by of governments to create political support and stability. Bureaucracy plays a great role in achieving those goals. Privatization policy can't solve alone the low performances in public enterprises. This policy has to take place into a restructured public sector, where incentive shemes have to play a great role, and where governments actions are guided by the goal of efficient use and allocation of their scare resources
Lemoine, Mathilde. "Les facteurs explicatifs de la croissance des dépenses publiques : synthèse théorique et validation empirique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0013.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis reports on theoritical and empirical examination of factors influencing the growth of government expenditures. Indeed, instead of many works about this subject, there is no consensus on the reasons for changes in the size of government. Because of there are various explanations for the growth of government expenditures, we divided these thesis into those affecting demand and those affecting supply. But we show that these groups of theories are complementary. So, against the former model conclusions, we prove that the growth of government expenditures results from the tax-payers-voters demand of collectives goods and services and redistribution and from government supply. So, our work consist in valuating this theories to specify the government expenditures determinants. The empirical results validate the model over the period 1960-1993 for 14 OECD countries. On the demand side, relative prices have a negative effect on the growth of government expenditures while population, income inequality, share of government employees in total employment and strong salaried group in relation to capitalist have a positive effect. On the supply side, price coefficients are significant and negative. The public sector productivity have a positive effect while manufacturing industry productivity have a negative effect
Delavallade, Clara. "Corruption publique : facteurs institutionnels et effets sur les dépenses publiques." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189596.
Повний текст джерелаEnfin, sur la base de ces résultats et de la littérature, nous proposons une lecture critique du processus de réforme de la gestion budgétaire au Burkina Faso, et nous montrons que la lutte contre la corruption au niveau budgétaire se heurte notamment à un contrôle peu efficace et à une insuffisante répartition des pouvoirs.
Bouabid, Abderrazak. "Les effets des dépenses militaires sur l'activité économique des pays du tiers-monde : l'exemple marocain." Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090109.
Повний текст джерелаHalba, Bénédicte. "Analyse comparative des modes de financement du sport dans les cinq pays européens : l'Allemagne, l'Espagne, la France, l'Italie et le Royaume-Uni." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010009.
Повний текст джерелаHouseholds, public authorities and firms are the three economic actors of financing of sport. Households spend money on sport goods and services. They are the main agents of sport financing. The higher revenues and the more free time they have, the bigger their sport consumption is. Public bodies, states and local authorities, have contributed a great deal to the development of sports practice. They have financed most of the education expenditures for sport. They have built sports facilities. Firms have benefited from sport popularity. They have used it as a means of staff motivation. Above all, they have used it as a means of communication, through sponsorship and when tv networks broadcast sports events. The concerns of the three agents financing sport are very linked
Karimi, Takanlou Zahra. "Le financement du déficit budgétaire (taxe d'inflation et seigneuriage) et effet d'éviction : une recherche empirique sur quatre pays de la région MENA (l'Iran, la Turqui, la Tunisie et le Maroc)." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0015.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis firstly checks, from an empirical and theoretical point of view, the potential usefulness of recent research on budget deficit financing by using a sample of four MENA countries (Iran, Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco); secondly, it develops an analysis of budget deficit financing in terms of a crowding out effect on the activity of the private sector of the economy. The analysis in terms of budget deficit financing by borrowing abroad, domestic borrowing and seignorage, taking account the specificity of the countries offer an operative framework to discuss the fiscal policy of these countries. The results of the chapter four, in terms of qualification of seignorage, show that seignorage is an important source for budget deficit financing in Iran and Turkey. Also, the analysis of the crowding out effects, confirm the existence of this phenomena in Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco. Furthermore, these countries having been confronted with a rapid augmentation of budget deficit in the period of 1970-2006, a fiscal consolidation over the medium term is necessary in order to alleviate their budgets deficits. Also, a prudent public financing and debt management is needed to support the fiscal adjustment in these countries
Diarra, Souleymane. "Chocs et mobilisation des recettes publiques dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10384.
Повний текст джерелаThis research is in the literature that analyzes the determinants of fiscal performance of developing countries. We are particularly interested in the question of revenue mobilization due to the issue that raises funding for development policies which developing countries have adopted. While many studies have focused on the subject, but few analyzes address the effects of shocks in revenue mobilization in developing countries. However, many developing countries are experiencing large shocks in high frequency. The understanding of the transmission mechanism of the effect of these shocks is crucial in the conduct of fiscal policy and the projection of the development policies of developing countries. The capital character of the mobilization of public resources for the economy of developing countries, and the not taking into account of the role of shocks in the conduct of public revenue mobilization by the previous studies are our main motivations for this research. Thus, the chapter 1 of the thesis analyzes te effects of commodity shocks on revenue mobilization of sub-Saharan Africa. The second chapter examines the role of commodity price shocks in export as in import in the conduct of tax transition reforms initiated by the states of the WAEMU. It highlights the obstacles posed by exogenous shocks to possibilities of domestic revenue mobilization face downward weight of tariff revenue. Chapter 3 analyzes the impact of sociopolitical shocks, especially the civil wars or intra-State conflicts. Finally, Chapter 4, an extension of Chapter 3 focuses on public resource mobilization during post-Conflict periods. The central message that emerges from this research is the need for rigor in developing countries in managing the impact of positive commodity shocks to cope with periods of negative shocks. This rigor must be complemented by external support suited to the nature of the shock episodes. Concerning the case of sociopolitical shocks, external support should not be only financial but also technical during post-Shock periods
Ayadi, Ezer. "Politique budgétaire, ajustement et croissance économique : application au cas de la Tunisie." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0040.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the 1980s and much of the 1990s, in Tunisia, discussions of fiscal policy focused mainly on high fiscal deficits and government debt as a source of inflatin and balance of payments problems, and on the contribution of fiscal adjustment to stabilization programs designed to address much problems. Attention was also paid to the way in wich well-designed tax systems and spending programs could foster sustainable longer-term growth. However, with the recent developments in endogenous growth theory, emphasis has shifted to the role expansionary fiscal policy can play in stimulating economic activity. This thesis reviews the theoretical and empirical Literature on the effectiveness of fiscal policy. Also, in this thesis, an attempt was made to analyse the fiscal sustainability in Tunisia using the Intertemporel Budget Constraint approach. The results reveal that fiscal stance is unsustainable. Conclusions arising from this study point to a further strengthening of the fiscal position
Wu, Zhenglin. "L'Union monétaire européenne et politiques budgétaires." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0014.
Повний текст джерелаTo realize, emu, each European country must male effort. Emu put many questions about monetary and budgetary policies in the EEC. The coordination of economic policies between member states is in the heart of debate about emu. The dissertation provides a comparison of European countries's budgetary policies since 1960s until the end of 1980s. It is pointed out that the EEC countries are very different from each other in the field, because every country has a structure of public spending and fiscal tax, and EEC advise to various countries the orientation of policy based on different criterion. That is why the initial coordination of budgetary policies in Europe was not systematic. The dissertation synthesizes theory relative to coordination of budgetary policies, and the conclusion argues that emu must be built at several speeds
Parera, Vincent. "L' adéquation du régime des aides publiques à la recherche et au développement technologique aux besoins de l' entreprise." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10020.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns the analysis of research and development state aid framework. Through Community's competition law, we will first analyse the definition of state aid and apply it to research and development sphere. In a second time, we will focus on legal framework applicable , regulations and laws used , and the EEC control and litigation with can result from it
Ba, Alassane. "Croissance économique et réduction de la pauvreté : modèle de prévision adapté à l'évaluation de politiques économiques, cas du modèle de Cadre Budgétaire à Moyen Terme." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4023.
Повний текст джерелаPoverty has become a major concern in the international context of globalization. Poor countries like Mali, whose economy is subject to the vagaries of the international environment and impacts of climate, face the challenge to ensure a harmonious economic and social development. The condition of this success through accelerated growth, a significant reduction of poverty and human development. If Mali is an average growth of 5% since 1994, however, the reduction of poverty was very low. Development policies are confronted with challenges to the quality, targeting and evaluation. The quality of macroeconomic policies and the optimal allocation of resources towards priority sectors for development are essential to arrive at the triangle of development: growth, reduction of poverty and human development. To facilitate this interaction, we choose whether to develop a budgetary model of framework in the medium term (CBMT) which is a tool for decision support and a tool for dialogue and arbitration to ensure the articulation between the macroeconomic framework, budget and development stratégies. The model structure consists of a real sector, a sector of public finances (including the state budget, budgets and sectoral performance indicators), a monetary sector and a module poverty analysis. Model CBMT is by its structure a model quasi-accountant with equations of behavior. It is intended to improve the assessment of economic and fiscal policies by strengthening the quality of budget decisions and managing for results
Belhadi, Slimane. "Le pacte européen de stabilité budgétaire." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020069.
Повний текст джерелаSandillon, Isabelle. "Les causes du chômage européen : analyse comparée des facteurs structurels et du policy mix dans le contexte de la mise en place de l'UEM." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24005.
Повний текст джерелаSchalck, Christophe. "Les politiques budgétaires de stabilisation dans la zone euro : évaluations et perspectives." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100049.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of the thesis is to propose a study of the stabilization carried out by national fiscal policies within the UEM. The first part provide an estimate of current fiscal stabilization. We use a nonlinear structural VAR approach. Results show that reactions from economic growth to a fiscal shock are different according to the regime that prevails. In addition, these reactions are also different accross countries. In the second time we propose discretionary principles to improve this stabilization. The first principle is that to modify the Stabilty and Growth Pact. We show that the balanced structural budget or the golden rule are more effective than the Pact. The second principle is the coordination of fiscal policies. It is an efficient instrument to increase the EMU stabilization. This instruments is compatible with the Pact. However, coordination gains are sensitive to macroeconomic heterogeneities
Creel, Jérôme. "De l'optimalité des dettes et des déficits publics : une analyse théorique et son application aux pays européens de 1970 à 1996." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090047.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis analyses the recent debates concerning fiscal policies, among which the validity of ricardian effects and expansionary fiscal contractions, the problems arising from the sustainability of fiscal policies. . . Several indicators of the fiscal stance of public policies are defined and help to study the situation of public finances in the European Union since 1970. The relevance of generational accounting is being discussed. An econometric study of the Danish economy is implemented: it questions the ricardian approach by Danish consumers. An original model is then devoted to the relevance of fiscal policy when interest rates are fixed because of the external constraint. Despite higher interest rates, the economy maintains its initial level of activity thanks to variations in the levels of taxes and public debt. The major part of this thesis incorporates public debt in an original macroeconomic model with wealth behavior in a closed economy, and, then, in an open economy with changing exchange rate regimes. In this model, we determine the inflation rate in the long run, without defining any equilibrium market for money. We then study the optimality of EMU, EMS and flexible exchange rates; the gains from internal and external cooperation between fiscal and monetary policies are calculated; balanced-budget rules are opposed to fiscal policies according to their abilities to stabilize production and inflation to their optimal levels
Kouba, Jules Roger Edgard. "Le dualisme financier et propositions de politiques monétaires et financières adaptées aux pays en voie de développement : Le cas des pays africains membres de la zone franc." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0010.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at studying the scope and the limits of the financial intermediation (formal and informal) and at proposing monetary and financial policies to this dualism in order to organize a system of effective financing in developing countries (D. C) generally, and ACFZ particulary. A factual analysis underlines the coexistence of financial agents (banking and not banking financial institutions) and informal (appearing under various forms) in the financial systems of D. C. The thesis shows that these last agents indeed have a function of intermediation of which foundations and mechanisms distinguish themselves, but sometimes get closer, from those of the first agents. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the function of financial intermediation of these two types agents revealed the formal financial agents, notably those the ACFZ, do not assure their role of financial intermediary, while the informal financial agents play an unmistakable role in the financing of the economics of these countries. They assure also a role of economic and social integration of the populations abandoned by the formal finance. But, the informal financial intermediation present a very limited scope. . .
Pommier, Sébastien. "Convergence et règles budgétaires : efficacité de la régulation conjoncturelle dans l'Union économique et monétaire." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN1G007.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis discusses, theoretically and empirically the implementation of deficit ceiling in Europe. In the theoretical part we show that fiscal discipline and macro-stability are linked to a trade-off between the reduction of structural deficits and the development of automatic stabilisers. Empirical results underline that disciplined fiscal policy (more incremental and lead by automatic stabilisers) is more effective. Nevertheless, there is no evidence of greater effects in lesser indebted countries. The study of convergence of real fiscal policy effects, confirms the loss of fiscal effectiveness in undisciplined countries, and illustrates the trade-off between the development of public transfers and the increase of structural expenditures
Triki, Mohamed-Ali. "Le financement et la garantie des exportations dans les pays en développement : le cas de la Tunisie." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0044.
Повний текст джерелаSow, Moussé Ndoye. "Essays on Exchange Rate Regimes and Fiscal Policy." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10479/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explored, in two parts, the macroeconomic impacts of exchange rate regimes (ERR), as well as the recent developments in fiscal policy and fiscal decentralization. Part I has reconsidered the role of ERR and its interplay with fiscal, monetary and tax policy. The first result that emerges (Chapter 1) is that fixed ERR can serve as a credible policy tool for stabilizing fiscal policy. However, this stabilizing effect is conditional upon the inter-temporal distribution of the costs of loose fiscal policy. In assessing the linkage between ERR and crises (banking/financial, currency and debt), Chapter 2 evidenced that the bipolar view is no longer valid, and that, crisis proneness rather depends on the macroeconomic fundamentals (the volatility of private sector credit, the deficit-financing mechanism, and the debt-to-GDP ratio). In Chapter 3, we unveiled a strong relationship between ERR and tax policy. Countries with pegged regimes have greater reliance on domestic taxation -such as the VAT- to make up for the loss of seigniorage revenue (substitution effect). Moreover, peggers tend to collect more VAT revenue to offset the shortfall in cross border taxes following the trade liberalization reform (competitiveness effect). Part II discussed the cyclical response of fiscal policy in high debt periods, and focused on fiscal decentralization issues. In Chapter 4, we showed that the reaction of fiscal policy to the business cycle is non-linear and conditional to the level of public debt. When the debt-to-GDP ratio goes beyond a certain threshold (87%), fiscal policy loses its counter-cyclical properties. Further, we highlighted that carefully-designed fiscal rules help maintaining counter-cyclicality through an ex ante disciplinary effect. Chapters 5 and 6 analyzed the impact of fiscal decentralization on the efficiency of public service delivery and fiscal policy performance, respectively. Chapter 5 revealed that a sufficient level of expenditure decentralization, coupled with revenue decentralization, improves the efficiency of public service delivery. However, the political and institutional environment is critical for reaping decentralization-led benefits. Lastly, Chapter 6 concluded that fiscal decentralization has destabilizing effect by reducing the counter-cyclicality of fiscal policy. In addition, we found that decentralization strengthens the structural fiscal balance; however, vertical fiscal imbalances reduce the benefits of decentralization. It is therefore critical to limit asymmetries between expenditure and revenue decentralization, so as to reduce the transfer-dependency of local governments to the central level, and thus prevent decentralization from weakening the fiscal stance at the general government level
Ebeke, Christian. "Essais sur les effets macroéconomiques des envois de fonds des migrants dans les pays en développement." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606159.
Повний текст джерелаAlouch, Esmaail. "La politique monétaire et financière et la politique de développement dans le cadre des Pays de la zone MENA." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES048/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Countries in the Middle East and North Africa are known for their wealth and diversity as a result of a decades-long economic and political history. They extend over a vast expanse from the Persian Gulf to the east, to the Atlantic Ocean to the west. This region sometimes referred to as MENA (Middle East and North Africa) includes most of Southwest Asia and North Africa. It includes on the Asian continent Iran, Turkey and all the Arab countries. In North Africa, it includes Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Morocco and Algeria.This thesis begins with a first part devoted to the geography and history of the main countries of the region, starting with the last decades lived by the Ottoman Empire.In the second part we present an economic and social panorama of the countries of the zone.In the third part we focus on monetary policy. This policy is one of the most important economic policies, as its success is supposed to contribute to the success and development of other policies. We analyze the problematic relations between the executive government and the central bank as monetary authority
Ellakani-Mardirossian, Amani. "La crédibilité du pacte de stabilité et de croissance." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32071.
Повний текст джерелаSarrat, de Tramezaigues Guillaume. "Défis économiques de la zone euro élargie : stratégies de pré-adhésion, nouvelles politiques budgétaires et monétaires européennes et policy mix de la zone euro élargie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0016.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis studies fiscal and monetary aspects of the coming euro zone enlargements during the 2007-2013 period, being for both the potential new members (EU enlargements of 2004 and 2007) and the euro-zone-12. The thesis is a prospective approach of the subject based on an empirical study of the economics of European monetary integration from 1996 to 2007. In a first part, potential new members’ nominal and real convergence are studied to, thanks to members’ former experience, determine the best enlargement preparation sequence in terms of macroeconomic policy and choice of pre-enlargement exchange rate regime. In a second part, and after having presented the limits of the Exchange Rate Mechanism 2 and its possible improvement, fiscal aspects of the coming enlargements are studied and especially an enhanced Growth and Stability Pact to improve the management of member states’ diminishing indebtedness and to put to an end pro-cyclical fiscal policies during cycles’ favourable-phases, and the relevance of a higher European budget and an increased tax cooperation among euro zone members. The third part is aimed at the study of monetary aspects of future enlargements, including inflation rate evolution in both new members and the euro zone, the required further reforms to perform following these in 2003 for the European Central Bank, its inflation objective, its pre and post enlargements’ interest rate policy and the functioning of the European Central Banks System
Zimmer, Blandine. "Organisation des négociations salariales en union monétaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/ZIMMER_Blandine_2006.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe utility of the euro is mainly estimated towards its capacity to guarantee the monetary stability. However, questions have been raised with regard to its impact on employment. Several recent studies suggest that, by altering the strategic link between the central bank and the wage setters, the switch to a monetary union may reduce wage discipline and thus increase unemployment. In fact, labour market institutions seem to perform less well in the European Monetary Union (EMU). That is why, in this thesis, we are interested in studying the wage bargaining organization in a monetary union. We first adopt the european decision makers’ approach and admit that full employment can only be achieved through labour market reforms. However, in this context, solutions to reduce unemployment are rather limited. One can either deregulate national labour markets or establish wage co-ordination at the monetary union-wide level. The first solution often leads to fierce protests from labour organizations. As for the second, it can only be reasonably envisaged in the long term. Thus, it is not clear that labour market reforms alone can solve the problem of unemployment in the monetary union. We show that national fiscal policies could ease the labour markets’ adjustment burden and thereby contribute to improve the employment level in the member countries