Дисертації з теми "Politique de l'environnement – Mexico (Mexique)"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Politique de l'environnement – Mexico (Mexique)".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Deladerriere, Loup. "De la gouvernance de l'air aux transformations socio-urbaines à Téhéran et à Mexico." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0018.
This thesis examines the evolution of environmental and social governance through the study of air pollution control policies in Tehran and Mexico City. While air pollution represents a major public health problem (4.2 million premature deaths in 2019 according to the WHO), its exposure and consequences are unevenly distributed. In Mexico, as in Iran, the institutionalization of this health, environmental, social and political problem raises numerous governance issues that renew spatial and socio-environmental inequalities between centers and peripheries. The implementation of laws, standards, tools and restrictions is also transforming the urban environment, and calling into question the evolution of the Right to the City. Finally, environmental issues offer new arguments for authorities to intervene in the urban environment and regain control of it - a move that raises protean resistance. It's not just a question of equality and justice, but also of democracy and freedom, that environmental issues seem to raise
Hernandez, Salinas Alberto. "Les relations entre les sciences environnementales et les politiques dans le Programme MAB de l´UNESCO en Amérique Latine et son adaptation au Mexique, au Chili et en Haïti." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA047/document.
Environmental challenges have a significant impact. The Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme of UNESCO provides international support to one of the challenges facing humanity; that is how to achieve economic, social and political development and to promote the conservation of limited natural resources at the same time.This thesis takes into account a historical vision of the programme at the global level to understand its evolution and to highlight the relationship between the political and scientific spheres of the programme.On the other hand, it presents three study cases in different countries: Mexico, Chile and the Republic of Haiti to demonstrate how the programme has been adapted on the national level and the challenges they face. Two groups of actors have shaped the programme throughout its history, scientists and political bodies. They have maintained dialogues to adopt the principles of the MAB Programme in the Biosphere Reserves. Moreover, the recent creation of a Transboundary Biosphere Reserve between the Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic is an example of collaboration, but also it highlights the importance of other bodies of UNESCO such as the National Commissions and Permanent Delegations in policy-making
Bilodeau, Catherine, and Catherine Bilodeau. "L'activisme cycliste comme forme de participation politique : l'étude de la portée de la Bicitekas, tribu urbaine cycliste à Mexico." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38274.
À l’exemple des carnets de la portée de la participation (Fourniau, 2010) –où l’équipe de recherche propose une mise en récit de débats urbains pour éclairer les effets multiples de la participation sur trois dimensions : les milieux, les dispositifs et les représentations– notre étude qualitative recompose l’évolution du débat cycliste et participatif à Mexico. Pour ce faire, le déroulement des actions et arguments d’un collectif cycliste mexicain, la Bicitekas, est pris comme fil conducteur. À l’aide d’une revue de presse et d’entretiens semi-dirigés, l’évolution des trois dimensions de la portée et des assemblages urbains ont été retracés. Cette mise en récit, accompagnée de cartographies des assemblages, permet d’exposer comment, entre 1997 et 2017, dans les tensions entre professionnalisation de la participation et radicalités politiques, se sont créé des communautés cyclistes et se sont reconfiguré les modalités inédites de participation politique dans la ville de Mexico.
Ugalde, Vicente. "La politique des déchets dangereux au Mexique." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020004.
Nava, Jiménez Luzma Fabiola. "La gouvernance du bassin versant du Rio Grande/Río Bravo et les principes du développement durable." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25823.
This dissertation, which falls within international studies, discusses the multi-level governmental structure of surface water resources management. From an interdisciplinary approach, reconciling geography and political science, this research focuses on the governance of surface waters across the scale of the Rio Grande/Río Bravo Watershed between the United States and Mexico and on the territorialization of various governments that respond in a fragmented manner to the needs in terms of sustainability. This dissertation is organized around one main research question: is the governance of surface waters of the Rio Grande/Río Bravo carried out according to the principles of sustainable development? Our case study demonstrates the existence of a framework of multi-level governance of surface water resources across the watershed. It stresses the disarticulation between the local, regional, state and federal scale due to territorial fragmentation. The concerns of sustainable development are specific to each region, as partitioned by the hydraulic development. Interviews conducted in the field with actors from the Rio Grande basin and the Río Bravo basin reflect the territorial division and the fragmentation in the management of water resources. Governance consists in a diversity of actors involved in the resource management within an institutional framework resistant to change. We show that power imbalances over the territory — regarding access to the resource, its availability and its control, and the geopolitical representations held by stakeholders — affect the coordination of activities across the watershed. The results demonstrate that the watershed is not recognized as the spatial unit for water resource management and sustainability. The institutional framework for resource sharing and the hydraulic development reinforce the basin organization into a heterogeneous set of sub-basins managing the resource at different scales. Each government deploys ad hoc strategies to deal with environmental problems, without sustainable development being a common concern for stakeholders on the watershed. In a context of multi-level governance and environmental problems related to the phenomenon of drought, the collaboration between the United States and Mexico is weakened by cross-border tensions that undermine mutual trust. Keywords: Multi-level governance, sustainable development, management of water resources, fragmentation, territorial breakdown, power imbalances, Rio Grande/Río Bravo Watershed, sub-basins, United States, Mexico.
Ibarra-Puig, Vidal Isaac. "Trade liberalization and foreign direct investment : the case of Mexico." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0046.
The liberalization of the Mexican economy came about along three lines. First through Mexico’s inclusion in the GATT in 1986. The second line of trade liberalization was entry to a number of regional trade organizations. The third line of trade liberalization was the beginning of negotiations to for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which includes Canada, the United States and Mexico. Nafta came into force in 1994 and was the first in a series of bilateral agreements. The achievements of the liberalization process are clear: controlled inflation; the public deficit has ceased to be a problem. But something is missing: GDP growth during the liberalization period has been lower than during the stabilizing development phase from 1958 to 1970. The successes of the liberalization processes in Chile, Brazil and South Korea show that they have been performed better than in mexico: one characteristic shared by these three countries in their trade liberalization process is the emphasis on better education and promoting research and development. The low productivity in Mexico, mainly when it is compared with other countries, is multi-causal. Low productivity influences in a low competitiveness, which is obtained so far in low wage costs in the Mexican economy. Mexican goods enjoy the absolute advantaje of distance as regards their main market, the USA; but mexican products see threatened this advantage by the countries with more human capital formation competitive advantage, including China. It is necessary to change the model of doing business in the Mexican economy
Gil, Garcia Carlos. "Gouvernement et gouvernance urbaine, une approche comparative de la politique locale de l'environnement : la ville d'Aguascalientes, Mexique et de l'agglomération urbaine de Lyon, France." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030142.
The main purpose of this work is to examine the process of the development of urban environmental public action in the city of Aguascalientes in Mexico and the urban agglomeration of Lyon in France during a twelve-year period (1990-2003). We explain the public policy analysis and the main characteristics in the development of urban environmental public policy in both cities. We also emphasize discussions of the different perspectives of the urban context, for example the urban governance approach and the urban regime approach. We explain how this concept helps us to understand new trends in public policy analysis. Using the case study method, we conduct an evaluation of these cities' urban environment public policy. We “reconstruct” this policy by tracking different sources of information and replicating the public policy process under different dynamics. We focus on the different trends in which actors and organisations implement urban environment policies. Most evidence shows that both governments have refocused their policies by adopting supranational methods of policy process or by repositioning environmental issues as the main focus in the management of the cities through the use of urban planning approaches. We also observed that in both cities there are many coincidences in the outcomes of the policies, particularly in the quest to become global cities by introducing innovations in the treatment of the urban environment. Our main conclusions are based on the new trends in the construction of urban policies in both cities as evident in the adoption of a global vision that can be detected in the policy design. An additional conclusion addresses the advanced processes by which problem resolution and advocacy coalitions are developed in these cities
Dumoulin, David. "Les politiques de conservation de la nature confrontées aux politiques du renouveau indien : une étude transnationale depuis le Mexique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0026.
López, Caballero Paula. "Récits des origines, variations identitaires et conflits pour la légitimité politique à Milpa Alta, Mexico DF (XVIIe-XXIe siècle) : ethnographier l'Etat et historiciser l'ethnicité." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0293.
This thesis is based on historical and ethnographic research in Mipa Alta, Mexico. This is a predominantly rural territory within Mexico City which has been collectively owned since the 17th century and still contains many Nahuatl native speakers. My objective is to offer an anthropology of the Mexican State beginning through the analysis of local practices and subjectivities. This de-centred view of the state will be combined with an approach that situates the observed interactions within a long history as well as within regional, national, and trans-national scales of observation. Territory, identity, and political practice constitute the three axes along which this approach is realized. Together, these they help to elucidate the political arrangements through which State hegemony is reproduced. Territorial control, the appropriation of the national narrative, and the definition of citizenship or the legitimization of the local government, show that the consolidation of State hegemony not been at odds with the emergence of local sovereignties. From the point of view of the Milpaltense, their particularity coexisted, and was fostered by, the successive national projects promulgated by the Mexican State
Martínez, Trujillo María Teresa. "Businessmen and protection patterns in dangerous contexts : putting the case of Guadalajara, Mexico into perspective." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0019.
Struggling with a variety of security challenges, business owners and economic elite have developed strategic behaviors for protections. This dissertation aims to understand the latter’s mechanisms once implemented by the economic elite. Based on qualitative data collected in Guadalajara, I demonstrate how this elite demand and co-produce protection, and how by doing so, they are shaping Jalisco’s policing patterns and social order. As start, I discuss the threats facing the urban proprietors and consequently how their perception of the problem leads to the formulation of the problem, their problem. Then I analyse their protection suppliers whether governmental or non-governmental, illustrating these latter coalition, collusion and collision dynamics. I state that businessmen are protected by selective and personalized access to law enforces while explaining how they purchase protection from actors in the gray zones laying between public-private, formal-informal and legal-illegal realms
Bello, Baños Kenya. "De l’alphabétisation des mexicains : les premiers rudiments et les usages de la lecture et de l’écriture à Mexico." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0059.
The policies that promoted reading and writing implemented by the Bourbon monarchy in the last third of the eighteenth century set off a series of transformations in the representations and uses of written culture throughout the Hispanic world. These policies had repercussions that extended beyond the end of colonial relations —in the case of Mexico until the second half of the nineteenth century— and left an indelible mark on practices that sought to introduce previously excluded groups of the population to the literate world. This research studies such changes, which explain how the elementary school came to play a more decisive role in the spread of reading and writing, in other words, of literacy. Based on analysis of legislation and its implementation, the discourse of agents involved in the spread of literacy, texts used in classrooms (both in their materiality and the economy of their production), and the modes of transmission of reading and writing that took place there, this dissertation examines that secular process in Mexico City in order to emphasize the social, cultural, political, editorial, and even technological continuities and discontinuities that redefined the boundaries of the literate and illiterate worlds for the city's inhabitants. This contribution to the history of literacy explores mutations of written culture in Mexico, as part of the broader Hispanic world, during one phase of the period that changed the "geography of reading practices" in the West
Vega, Ana Lourdes Driant Jean-Claude. "Mutations du système de logement dans un quartier à développement spontané après régularisation de la propriété de la terre cas de Netzahualcoyotl, dans la banlieue est de Mexico /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0231632.pdf.
Cao, Umberto. "Fighting For and Fighting Through Electricity : an Ethnography of the Civil Resistance Movement "Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo" from Chiapas, Mexico." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0092.
The thesis is about the Civil Resistance Movement "Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo", from Chiapas, Mexico. It was born in the first years of the 2000s and the majority of its activists are peasant and indigenous. Though, it can't be defined as a "peasant movement", nor as an "indigenous movement. At the core of its mission there is electricity, indeed, which the Movement considers as a basic right, whose access – it claims - should be universal and nondiscriminatory. Accordingly, in the territories controlled by its activists, the Movement performs a direct access to the power grid and an autonomous management of it. Yet, at the same time, it makes use of electricity as a means of wider political struggle aimed to autonomy and social justice. In this sense, Luz y Fuerza case may be revealing of a more general trend potentially informing social mobilizations in the Age of Anthropocene. The work is organized in three parts. The first part introduces contemporary Mexico, by means of the main categories local actors mobilized to describe their living conditions: poverty, liberal policies, structural violence, and socioeconomic and political exclusion. The second part defines the state of the art in the anthropology of social movements and the main theoretical references inspiring the study. Specifically, the historical and epistemological process leading to the emergence of autonomy as a theoretical and political paradigm is retraced. And it is shown how this latter has progressively informed Latin-American peasant struggles since the last decades of the 1900s. The third part is completely devoted to the ethnography of Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo. This provides an in-depth representation of the Movement and of its history. Which is followed by an analysis of the motivations for the activists to militate in such a movement. Its political agenda is therefore investigated. The experiences, the forms and the imaginaries of the civil resistance performed by the Movement are eventually observed. In the conclusions, the work proposes some critical insights about the policies on indigenous people and Chiapas, implemented by the "socialist" president Andrés Manuel López Obrador during the first hundred days of his term
La tesi verte sul Movimento di Resistenza Civile "Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo" attivo nello stato del Chiapas, Messico. Sorto nella prima metà degli anni 2000, esso ha una composizione maggioritariamente contadina ed indigena. Ma non può essere definito né come "movimento contadino", né come "movimento indigeno". Esso pone infatti al centro della propria agenda l'elettricità, che considera come diritto fondamentale e per la quale rivendica un accesso pieno ed universale. Il Movimento opera pertanto un accesso diretto alla rete elettrica e una gestione autonoma della stessa, nei territori controllati dai suoi attivisti. Al contempo, però, esso fa dell'energia elettrica uno strumento di lotta per un più ampio programma politico che ha come fino l'autogoverno e una maggiore giustizia sociale. In questo senso, si ipotizza che il caso specifico di Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo possa essere rivelatore di una più ampia tendenza che potrebbe informare le mobilitazioni sociali all'epoca dell'Antropocene. Il lavoro si articola in tre parti. Nella prima parte si procede a un'introduzione al contesto del Messico contemporaneo, con una precipua attenzione agli elementi a cui gli attori sul campo ricorrono per descrivere le proprie condizioni di vita: povertà, politiche liberali, violenza strutturale ed esclusione socioeconomica e politica. Nella seconda parte viene delineato lo stato dell'arte dell'antropologia dei movimenti sociali e i principali orizzonti teorici a cui lo studio fa riferimento. In particolare, si ripercorre il processo storico ed epistemologico che ha portato l'autonomia ad emergere come paradigma teorico e politico, e come a partire dagli ultimi decenni del XX secolo, questa abbia progressivamente informato le lotte contadine, in particolare dell'America Latina. La terza parte è interamente dedicata all'etnografia del movimento Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo, con una rappresentazione approfondita dello stesso e della sua storia, da un'analisi delle motivazioni dei suoi attivisti, dall'esame della suo programma politico e, infine, da un approfondimento sulle esperienze, sulle forme e sugli immaginari della resistenza civile di cui è protagonista. Il lavoro si conclude con alcuni spunti critici sulle politiche riguardanti i popoli indigeni e il Chiapas, adottate dal presidente "socialista" Andrés Manuel López Obrador a cento giorni dal suo insediamento
Cirelli, Claudia. "Environnement et usage de l' eau." Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/11844736X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
This research analyses the controversial approaches of the use of the wastewater in irrigated agriculture and of the social and spacial system related to it. This use of wastewater, a mode of treatment closely related to the modernization of cities of the end of the XIXth and the beginning of the XXth century, is now regarded as hazardous. Nevertheless this pratice keeps spreading around fast growing cities and is often promoted as an efficient tool of development policies. This thesis approaches on a global level the emergence of these agricultural practices and the debate they give rise to. As far as the Mexican case is concerned (in particular the town of San Luis Potosi), it analyses the links between those practices and urban and environmental policies. It also studies the influence of those policies on the ways in which the actors of territories shaped by wastewater use try to maintain their activities in suburban areas
Vega, Ana Lourdes. "Mutations du système de logement dans un quartier à développement spontané après régularisation de la propriété de la terre : cas de Netzahualcoyotl, dans la banlieue est de Mexico." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002316320204611&vid=upec.
The evolution of building techniques and of the access to housing, shows an integration trend of the neighborhoods of Netzahualcoyotl with those prevailing in the entire metropolis. Real estate having been regularized, public services having been introduced, the proximity of downtown, and the abandonment of the image of Netzahualcoyotl as a "squatter settlement" all contributed to decline in the characteristics that had marked local life in the '60s, and that have led to a local social movement in the '70s. New dwelling production and access to land tends to produce ties to the broader urban tissue. However, the permanence of its owners/founders, and their own forms of access to dwelling testify to the original difficulties. The new forms have to adapt to the constraints imposed by this reality. The social tissue will be improved. The proposition of artisans, employees and workers will undoubtedly be the same as before, but housing status will be modified. We will find more families in each lot, and there will be growing density, implying the housing of married children, for example
Déry, Ann-Sophie. "Conservation de l'environnement et déplacements de populations : le cas des Tzeltals et la Réserve de biosphère Montes Azules, Chiapas (Mexique)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25354.
Tocilovac, Marko. "La fabrique politique de la frontière mexico-américaine : Etat, ONG et expériences frontalières à San Diego (Californie, Etats-Unis)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0686.
The research conducted as part of my PhD dissertation offers an analysis of the U. S. -Mexico border through the study of the multiplicity of its actors, issues and experiences. Based on a fourteen-month fieldwork in San Diego, California (USA) between 2009 and 2011, this study questions the interactional dynamics on migration and border issues between federal agents, non-State actors, migrants and residents of border communities. Through this work of political anthropology, I examine how daily productions of border experiences are negotiated through the analysis of the border dispositif deployed by the United-States federal government and of the reactions that these policies and practices induce among non-State actors. I try to demonstrate that the border, in the variety of its existing modalities, is not under the absolute and exclusive control of the State. Non-State actors, through a set of actions, claims, disputes and negotiations with federal agencies actually transform the experiences of the border. They thus participate in the political fabrique of a multidimensional border, working as an unexpected and heterogeneous assemblage, which contradicts the monopoly of the State as it is asserted at the limits of its territory
Márquez, Rosano Conrado. "Déboisement et conflits d'appropriation territoriale : les forêts tropicales humides de l'espace Lacandon (Chiapas)." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20034.
The environment, rather than representing a “communal resource belonging to all humanity”, is a collective patrimony in which value and nature acquire meaning at different scales. The renewal of environmental patrimonies is the result of complex processes of appropriation, which rest on a complicated set of tensions that involve different practices, interests, projects and expectations that are often deeply contradictory. Beyond the expected outcomes of biodiversity loss and global warming, the loss of tropical rainforests in the Lacandon region puts into focus the importance of geopolitical interests, the ambiguity of environmental policy strategic decisions, the limitations of decentralization policies, the influence of the Zapatista conflict and the concerns it generates, the weight of history (the colonization process, population dynamics. . . ), as well as those tensions and conflicts that both divide and structure peasant communities
Kurtycz, Escamilla Anna Rosa. "Le comportement environnemental responsable comme innovation : une approche communicationnelle à travers l'exemple de l'eau au Mexique." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131032.
This thesis is the result of a five-year research project in the field of communication sciences, focused on the communicational understanding of the concept of "environmental responsible behaviour"(REB). The concept REB was launched in the early days of the environmental movement and has become an important factor in the environmental discourse, especially within the domain of environmental education. However, many authors argue that no real environmental behavioural changes have occurred or that the extend of these changes has been too limited. Therefore, our main concern was to understand if and why the REB is difficult to promote and to adopt. This main question was studied from a communicational perspective in order to understand the individual and the social factors that lead to adoption or rejection. In order to focus our research, we postulated that the REB could usefully be understood as an innovation, and therefore innovation theory was combined with communication theory in order to construct a framework for analysis and understanding. The case of water in Mexico allowed us to explain how REB is defined, translated and implemented. Based on a series of field interviews and accompanied observation, we followed the REB through the communicational dimension, analysing three cases that are typical for countries like Mexico: agricultural water use, domestic water use and water related to health concerns. We observed perceptions and interests as key elements in the communication interactions concerning the adoption of the conceptual innovation. We observed negotiation and dispersion as key processes that allow the innovation to evolve. The major outcome of the thesis is that, using the communicational approach, the difficulties to change environmental behaviour (the environmental failure) can be explained by both the lack of stability of the innovation as well as its discursive success
Blazquez, Adèle. "« L'aube s'est levée sur un mort ». Anthropologie politique de la violence armée et de la culture du pavot à Badiraguato (Sinaloa, Mexique)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0132.
In a political anthropology approach, this thesis describes the everyday experience of the inhabitants of Badiraguato, a municipality located in the state of Sinaloa (Northwestern Mexico). Regularly described as the "cradle of drug trafficking" and the base of the "Sinaloa Cartel", this rural and marginalized municipality is heavily affected by armed violence and its economy relies on poppy production. Contrary to the common focus on the State, armed groups and drug trafficking, I aim to put these actors and activities in their rightful place, in what they do to the social context, so that they cease to be a prior determinant of its reading. Through the study of a situated social configuration, the articulation between institutional stability and armed violence appears to be constitutive of the precarious condition in which the inhabitants are caught. Thus, this research weaves together several dimensions: the everyday experience of violence, the meanings given to violent acts and the ambivalent relationships of predation, exploitation and protection in which violent practices take place. In a pragmatic and materialistic approach, each chapter is organized around a logic of action, so that the description of situations gradually reveals the context. The thesis follows the social experience of the inhabitants through the successive study of displacements, daily sociabilities, modes of subsistence and accumulation, access to land, predation in gender relations, homicides, municipal administration and impeded attempts to transform this context. It is based on an 18-month ethnography conducted between 2013 and 2016 in the main village, the offices of the town hall and the hamlets that dot the territory
Gallardo, Sarmiento Martha Gabriela. "Le vote au Mexique : la participation politique indienne, le cas d'un district électoral en Puebla." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100080.
The research is focus on the participation and representation of indigenous people in a federal electoral district recently developed (2005) within electoral processes. The 04 federal electoral district based in Zacapoaxtla is located in the Sierra Norte de Puebla, inhabited by nahuas and totonacs groups. The anthropological point of view offers qualitative instruments for the understanding of the interaction between the State and the indigenous people through different analysis scales: infra-municipal, municipality and district. It is a case study that allows the understanding of the complexity of the vote in rural areas, with the purpose of comprehending the phenomenon of pluralist political arena and political alternation
La investigación se enfoca en la participación y representación política indígena en un distrito electoral federal de nueva creación (2005) en el contexto de los procesos electorales. El distrito electoral 04 con cabecera en Zacapoaxtla se ubica en la Sierra Norte de Puebla, habitado por grupos nahuas y totonacos. La mirada antropológica ofrece las herramientas cualitativas para el análisis de la relación del Estado con los grupos indígenas a través de distintas escalas como: inframunicipal, municipal y distrital. Es un estudio de caso que permite entender la complejidad del voto en un contexto rural, con la intención de comprender los fenómenos de multipartidismo y alternancia política
Robinet, Romain. "L’esprit et la race : le mouvement étudiant face à la Révolution mexicaine (1910-1945)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0014.
In Mexico, as in Latin America, the “revolutionary student” appears as a classical figure of the 1960-1970 protest cycle and has been largely analyzed by historians. On the contrary, very few studies have been dedicated to students “in revolutionary context”. As a matter of fact, a powerful student movement, organized and representative, active in international student relations, emerged during the Mexican Revolution, between the 1910s and the 1940s. Apparently similar to its European or Latin American counterparts, this first Mexican student movement was however built and shaped by its leaders in close relation with a major phenomenon: the Revolution. During this period, Mexican students organized themselves in the name of the Revolution. They largely defended the revolutionary principles, but also started to criticize more and more the revolutionary governments. Through their international organizations and congresses, they also contributed to the transnational circulation of the Mexican Revolution in Ibero America. Actors of a “revolution by education”, Mexican student leaders succeeded in defending a “University Reform” that was at first compatible with the revolutionary ideals. Education could help to form the soul of Mexico and of the “Ibero American Race”. In their view, the Mexican Revolution was both a racial regeneration and a political experience, inspired by European models such as nationalism, socialism, cooperativism or social catholicism
Estrada, Díaz Gabriela. "Mise en pratique de la politique de prévention de catastrophes au Mexique : Enjeux en milieu urbain : Le cas de la ville de Minatitlán." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1076/document.
This dissertation explores the responses developed by the Mexican government for tackling the challenges presented by natural and man-made risks. The country counts indeed with a number of strategies for managing emergencies, and it performs quite well on reconstructing infrastructures and facilities on the aftermath of the numerous natural disasters that afflict its territory every year. This is possible thanks to the financial means available for reconstruction in the national annual budget. However, the recurrence of natural and man-made disasters, indicate a lack of planning policies and practices that could actually prevent that the existing risks become real disasters, specially in urban areas.The case of study is the city of Minatitlán. This city offers an example of how the disaster prevention policy lacks effectiveness on reducing major risks. In Minatitlán, nature is harsh and inflicts recurring floods in its territory, but human groups have certainly some responsibility in the repetition of disasters since they choose a location rather inadequate for urbanization, and implemented low-resilient development patterns. When oil industry established in the area, it reinforced the characteristics of urbanization (illegal settlements) and contributed to weaken the resistance of the settlement to disasters.At the heart of this study lays an interrogation about the operational conditions of a national disaster prevention policy in Mexico, given the local conditions that intervene in its effectiveness: geographical, socio-economical, institutional and socio-cultural frames. Therefore, the study focuses on a global comprehension of urban systems and how different elements relate to produce a specific condition of vulnerability, taking into account the multi-dimensionality of the concept.The study is presented in three parts. The first one explores the theoretical framework of the following analysis. In the second part, a couple of analysis relied on the use of public information rather accessible in Mexico. The data and texts were used with a laying interrogation about the indications they could give about the risk situations in Mexican urban settlements. Finally, the third part of the dissertation focuses on exploring the socio-cultural factors of vulnerability, namely the social representation of risk, under the premise that it has a major impact on individual and social behavior in risk (and disasters) situations.The case of Minatitlán confirms the tight links among risks and urban development. In this city, the risk has historically represented an opportunity for development. The institutional framework for risk prevention emerges well after the city was a consolidated urban settlement, but it has not been able to offer substantial changes and one can conclude that the current situation arranges a number of groups that do not see any incentive for improving the prevention strategies or enforcing planning measures. Then, a transition towards more resilient scenarios, specially in a context of climate change, is not foreseeable in the coming years.Moreover, the civil protection policy in Mexico favors a top-down public intervention in disaster periods, where each government level intervenes up to their financial and physical powers. At the lowest end of this chain, are local populations, the victims of disasters, are not encouraged to participate or become actual actors of local prevention.This being the current state of affairs in Minatitlán, the public action as well as the social representation of risks and disasters, are both contributing to maintaining a situation where prevention is not the main goal of the disaster policy
Parizet, Raphaëlle. "Le politique du développement : les usages politiques des savoirs experts et de la participation des populations indiennes au Mexique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20016/document.
A buzzword broadcasted by international agencies, the concept of “development with identity” refers to a willingness to take into account local and cultural specificities of indigenous peoples. It entails a promotion of the development approach, presented as both universal and apolitical. This thesis proposes to explore this contradiction. Focusing on the Mexican case, it aims to understand how development apparatuses function as instruments of knowledge, but also as performative instruments by their prescriptive inductions and the social uses they are made of. Finally, “development with identity” refers to an “art of government” of populations labeled as socially disqualified. It relies on two key components: the elaboration of a specific knowledge on these populations and the participation of indigenous individuals and groups in development apparatuses.This thesis proposes a sociological contribution to the analysis of development and works on indigenous issues. In order to study the circulation of development speeches, instruments and practices, this work is based on a political ethnography of three spaces in which the apparatuses of indigenous development in Mexico are elaborated, formulated and put into practice: the Office of the United Nations Development Program in Mexico, the national authority in charge of development public policy for indigenous peoples, and finally social groups in the region of Chiapas in which development apparatuses are developed and implemented
Benitez-Eslava, Edgardo. "Réformer le service de l'eau : Histoire, système technique et régulationde firmes : Le cas du District Fédéral du Mexique (1992-2003)." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2005. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001445.
Ruiz, Arredondo José Vicente. "Analysis and evaluation of economic policy instruments for environmental control in Mexico." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E021/document.
The sustainability or water resources in Mexico is challenged, among other things, by inadequate regulation tools, limited enforcement capacity, and the uncertainty related to climate change. This thesis analyses key aspects of these challenges with the overall objective of contributing to the economic literature and providing inputs for evidence based policy making. The thesis is composed of three chapters. The first chapter looks at the mechanisms regulating groundwater extraction. In particular, it analyses the distortion caused by electricity subsidies and their effects on groundwater overdraft. It contributes to the existing literature by providing estimates on cross-price elasticities related to irrigation water demand in Mexico. The results of this chapter show that changes in the price of ground water not only affect the amount of water pumped, but also the allocation of labour and fertilizers. The second chapter studies the effects of environmental inspections on illegal water extraction across Mexican municipalities. Results show that the main inspection program led by Mexico's water agency does have an impact on the number of irrigators extracting water without a valid concession. However, further efforts improving the capacity of regional offices are required for this program to have a substantive effect on water sustainability. Finally, the third chapter addresses some of the concerns related to climate change by analyzing the effects of droughts and floods on internal migration trends in Mexico. Results show that both droughts and floods act as push factors for internal migration. In addition, results also show that income differential, murders, and educational attainments are key drivers for internal migration in the country
Guardiola, Elsa. "Les élections présidentielles mexicaines de 2006 : enjeux socio-politiques et stratégies discursives d'Andrés Manuel López Obrador et Felipe Calderón Hinojosa." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30031.
This dissertation aims to show the sociopolitical issues that characterized the 2006 presidential campaign in Mexico, as well as the discursive strategies used by the two main contenders, Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Felipe Calderón Hinojosa. By putting the election back into the context of the authoritarian regime ending and the democratic transition in Mexico, we will show up to what point the 2006 election is part of the continuous political and social changes that have been happening since the 1970’s and can be defined at the same time as a particular case in this process. The particularity of this election results from the very uncertain result of the ballot, the first confrontation in the contemporary Mexican history between a right-wing party and a left-wing coalition and the discursive strategies the contenders resorted to in order to make their supporters join them and to appeal to the floating voters. This conflictive election breaks off the way political power was passed on during the authoritarian regime, and takes shape through the candidates’speeches, particularly the political massive events. They reflect the Mexican situation and contribute to create some representation of Mexico and his political players as a result of language twists. The study of the contenders’ discursive strategies brings to the light the persuasion and legitimation processes that characterize their speeches and make clear their linkswith the political and ideological stance of each one of the contenders within the framework of the increasing media coverage of political discourse
Gonzàlez, Reynoso Arsenio Ernesto. "La construction sociale de la réalité hydraulique au Mexique (1951-2010) : champs sociaux, réseaux et représentations territoriales en conflit." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0046.
The relationship between the individual and the water is a complex mediation made up of institutions and discourses. In this thesis, two aspects of this institutional and discursive mediation are studied: 1) The transformation of dominant common sense in the bureaucratic field of water policy, and 2) the representations of the territory that go with the actions of bureaucratic and social agents of water supply in Mexico City. In the first part we study the trajectories of bureaucratic agents that reformed the hydraulic national institution from 1975 to 1989. It is considered that the discursive formation and the network that drove the reforms are two sides of the same coin and both of them express the change in the field of water policy. This reform was not important in the adoption of the neoliberal perspective, but especially in the recovery of the autonomy of the water sector. The resulting discursive formation is the common sense today. The second part examines the representations of territory built from different positions of the geopolitical field defined by water supply to Mexico City. Conflicts over water appropriation translate into textual, verbal, cartographic or pictorial representations. In the first part we study an institutional and discursive transformation, and the trajectories of the dominant agents of a national bureaucratic field. The second part deals with the speeches and positions in a geopolitical field where the agents dispute the ownership of the water that supplies the capital city and its metropolitan area
Entre el individuo y el agua hay una compleja mediación formada por instituciones y lenguajes. En esta tesis se estudian dos aspectos de esa mediación institucional y discuriva: 1) La transformación del sentido común dominante en el campo burocrático de la política hidráulica nacional y 2) Las representaciones del territorio que acompañan las acciones de los agentes burocráticos y sociales para abastecer de agua a la Ciudad de México. En la primera parte se estudian las trayectorias de los agentes burocráticos que reformaron la institución hidráulica nacional de 1975 a 1989. Se considera que la formación discursiva y la red reformadora son dos caras de la misma moneda y ambas expresan la modificación del campo de las políticas del agua. Esta reforma consistió no tanto en la adopción de la perspectiva neoliberal, sino sobre todo en la recuperación de la autonomía del sector hidráulico. La formación discursiva resultante es el sentido común actual. En la segunda parte se estudia la gama de representaciones del territorio construidas desde diferentes posiciones del campo geopolítico definido por el abastecimiento de agua a la Ciudad de México. Los conflictos por la apropiación del agua se traducen en representaciones texuales, verbales, cartográficas, pictóricas. En la primera parte se estudia una mutación institucional, discursiva y de las trayectorias de los agentes dominantes de un campo burocrático nacional. En la segunda parte se estudia la diferencia entre los discursos y posiciones en un campo geopolítico conflictivo donde se disputa la apropiación del agua con la que se abastece la capital del país y su zona metropolitana. Palabras clave : política del agua, campo burocrático, reforma institucional, conflicto por el agua, cuenca hidrológica, geopolítica del agua, discurso, representacioness sociales
González, López Greethel. "La religion et l’usage des méthodes contraceptives au Mexique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA029/document.
This thesis focuses on the relationship between fertility and religion. In a demographic approach, thisthesis provides an analysis on the behavior and attitudes of Catholic couples face of family planning. Itproposes to explain how they reconcile their faith with the need for birth control and how they justifytheir dependence or disobedience to the doctrine. Finally, one of our main objectives is to recognizethe procedures by which new attitudes coexist with traditional models. Moreover, given that Mexico isa country that belongs to the set of a traditional cultural context in which its main characteristicsguarantee the prevalence of unequal relations of sex and male domination, it was considered importantto include in our research a gender perspective
Esta tesis se centra en la relación entre la fecundidad y la religión. Desde una perspectivasociodemográfica, este trabajo ofrece un análisis sobre el comportamiento y las actitudes de las parejascatólicas frente a la planificación familiar. Lo que se propone es explicar cómo estas personas logranconciliar su fe con la necesidad de controlar la natalidad y la manera con qué justifican su conformidado su desobediencia a la doctrina. Finalmente, uno de nuestros principales objetivos es el de reconocerlos procedimientos por los cuales las nuevas actitudes coexisten con los modelos tradicionales. Porotro lado, dado que México es un país que pertenece al conjunto de un contexto tradicional en el quesus principales características garantizan la desigualdad de sexos y la dominación masculina, seconsideró importante incluir en nuestra investigación, una perspectiva de género
Métais, Julie. "Maestros de Oaxaca : ethnographie post-exotique des pratiques et espaces politiques locaux au Mexique." Thèse, Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13594.
Guindon, Andréanne. "Prescrire et proscrire : les enjeux de la conservation environnementale : transformations des rapports socio-environnementaux à El Cuyo, Réserve de la biosphère de Ría Lagartos, Yucatán, Mexique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21819.
Le, Velly Gwenolé. "The Effectiveness of Payments for Environmental Services in Mexican Community Forests." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10473/document.
During recent years, Payments for Environmental Services (PES) have become a popular forest conservation instrument and numerous new schemes have emerged around the world, particularly in developing countries. Nevertheless, despite a growing body of academic literature on the topic, little remains known of the effectiveness of PES schemes in reducing deforestation. This dissertation contributes to the literature with a specific focus on the impact of a federal Mexican PES scheme : the PSA-H. We begin with a general introduction retracing the emergence of PES and the current academic debates surrounding the mechanism. Chapter 2 introduces the particularity of the land tenure system in Mexico, the country's environmental policies and the PSA-H scheme and presents the data used in our empirical analysis. Chapter 3 looks at impact evaluation methodologies and how they have been used in the context of forest conservation instruments. We show that PES schemes are very complex treatment and that evaluating their impact using classic impact evaluation techniques requires many adjustments. After discussing these challenges, we propose three empirical essays based on primary and secondary data. Chapter 4 presents a new methodology allowing us to estimate the additionality and leakages of the PSA-H in our study area. Our results provide evidence that leakages can undermine PES effectiveness. Chapter 5 studies how land use can influence the allocation of PES payments within the beneficiary community. Using original survey data, our results show that, despite the attempts of the Mexican authorities to design the PES scheme as compensation for avoiding deforestation, payments have been redistributed as a reward for existing conservation. The deforesting agents receive less remuneration than other recipients, which shows that the polluter-paid principle at the origin of the Coasean notion of PES has not been appropriated. Chapter 6 studies the interactions between the PSA-H and Mexico's Community forest enterprises (CFEs) which are run by the communities and implement sustainable extraction activities in community forests. In a search for a relevant policy mix, it seems crucial to know how they interact with the PSA-H. The results of our empirical analysis show that the PSA-H can help these enterprises to develop and stabilize over time. Finally, in the conclusion, we discuss the implications of the empirical essays for the design of PES schemes and future research
Velasco, Pufleau Luis. "Musique, antifascisme et autoritarisme : l’œuvre de Silvestre Revueltas dans le contexte de la Guerre civile espagnole." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040186/document.
Violinist and composer Silvestre Revueltas (1899-1940) was one of the major players in post revolutionary Mexico musical development during the thirties. Close to avant-gardes Mexican artists, the reception of his music is defined by, both modernist and nationalist. Some of his works embody the national music model, and are at the heart of the symbolic politics of the post revolutionary authoritarian regime. Towards the end of 1935 Revueltas engaged himself in communist antifascism by being a member of the Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios (LEAR), fighting against the rise of fascism in the world – especially during the Spanish Civil War – and supporting social progress championed by the Mexican Popular Front (FPM). The consequences of Revueltas’ antifascist engagement are considerable especially on the themes explored in his works, on his professional life and on the symbolic use of his music to legitimize the Mexican post revolutionary system. This research analyses, on the one hand, the impact of Revueltas’ antifascist militancy on his work, and on the other, the role of his work on the symbolic politics of the Mexican authoritarian regime during the Spanish Civil War. Results show that Revueltas’ political engagement alters the theme of most of his works after 1936, as well as the composer’s role in a social contest. It therefore appears to be essential to put into perspective the exclusively nationalist reception of his music reconsidering it from a political and militant point of view
Ruelas, Flores María del Socorro. "Sources identifiées et sources anonymes : un regard croisé sur les élections présidentielles en France (2007) et au Mexique (2006) à travers : le Monde, Reforma, l'AFP et Notimex." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA059.
In a French-Mexican context, the main purpose of this thesis is to study across two major daily newspapers, Le Monde and Reforma and two news agencies AFP and Notimex, the use of identified and anonymous sources via their coverage of presidential campaigns in France (2007) and Mexico (2006). These two periods in both countries were a highlight moment in their contemporary political history. In France, for the first time, a woman represented a major left French party in a presidential contest. In Latin America the earlier presidential elections confirm a left turn in the region and the polls were indicating for the first time, the Mexican left as a winner. By revisiting Simmel’s sociological approach, newsmaking is analyzed as a complex interaction between journalists and their sources. The survey is limited to articles and the coverage of each newspaper and agency and interviews with journalists. The study of textual information and media production was organized and analyzed in order to compare various actors and their related newspaper coverage. The study is achieved by cross-comparing differences and similarities in the discourse, and constants and variables over time
López, de Lara Espinosa Dainzú. "La política exterior de México durante el gobierno de Vicente Fox (2000-2006). Entre tradición y cambio." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030157/document.
Has Mexican foreign policy changed with the advent of the new democratic rule in Mexico?Traditional Mexican Foreign Policy, known as passive, reactive, legalistic, and nationalistic, was installed by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) from the start of the 20th century to the late90s. Since that date, Mexican foreign policy faces a double transformation dynamic: the external,with the establishment of a new world order; and the internal, with the Mexican democratization process.2000 elections, depicted as a transparent process, gave president Vicente Fox sufficient international legitimacy to modify foreign policy agenda, introducing the protection of human rights and democratic values. These changes produce a political rupture with the previous regimeand triggered a change in the foreign policy behaviour.The new foreign policy program includes a complementary strategy: first, widen the regional integration within the United States, by the revision of the NAFTA, with a negotiation of amigration agreement; second, deploying a strong multilateral activity (mainly United Nationsforums). This stratagem seeks to reduce Mexico’s U.S. dependence, by intensifying its multilateral presence. But, internal and external causalities, inertial bureaucratic practices and the effects of September 11 reversed this policy.This research is based on political literature specialized in Mexican foreign policy. It critically analyzes the classic approach that focus exclusively on the lack of diplomatic skill and blunders of Fox’s administration. This thesis argues instead that these changes have helped set the politicalagenda of fundamental issues as migration policy, human rights and development cooperation
¿Hubo cambio en la política exterior de México con la llegada de la democracia?La política exterior “tradicional” de México, conocida como pasiva, legalista y nacionalista,instalada a inicios del siglo XX por el Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) se enfrenta, en los años noventa, a un doble contexto de transición: el externo, ante la influencia de un nuevo orden mundial; y el interno, con el proceso de democratización. La elección del 2000, considerada un proceso electoral transparente y equitativo, le otorga algobierno de Fox una legitimidad internacional que le permite proponer una agenda de política exterior “nueva”, centrada en la protección de los derechos humanos y la democracia. Esto representa una ruptura política con respecto al régimen anterior y un signo de cambio en el comportamiento hacia el exterior.El nuevo programa de política exterior incluye una estrategia complementaria: primero, profundizar la integración con Estados Unidos, mediante la revisión del TLCAN, con la negociación de un acuerdo migratorio; y segundo, una actividad multilateral, particularmente en los foros de la ONU. Esta política busca reducir la dependencia de Estados Unidos, intensificando su presencia multilateral. Este objetivo es revertido a causa de factores tanto de causalidad interna como externa,como las inercias burocráticas y los efectos de los atentados del 11 de septiembre.Esta investigación se basa en la literatura especializada sobre la política exterior mexicana, y criticalos análisis enfocados exclusivamente en la falta de habilidad y los errores diplomáticos de la administración Fox. Esta tesis sostiene lo contrario, que estos cambios permitieron meter en la agenda política temas fundamentales como la política migratoria, los derechos humanos y la cooperación para el desarrollo
Guerra, Tomazini Carla. "L’État et ses pauvres : la naissance et la montée en puissance des politiques de transferts conditionnels au Brésil et au Mexique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA044.
The 1990s saw the birth of so-called 'conditional cash transfers', assistance programs for poor families on the condition that they encourage their children to seek education and attend health centers. In order to reduce poverty and ensure a better future for tomorrow's « poor », these policies represent a new type of social protection with different principles and modes of operation for traditional programs. The analysis of their origins reveals a progressive structuring marked by institutional contexts and different paths that have generated similar results. The objective of this study is to identify one or more variables that might explain their emergence and expansion in Brazil and Mexico in the 1990s and 2000s and to highlight how the evolution of these policies could generate more or less strong opposition from some actors as well as the institutional constraints these policies face. We can observe group structures centred on "causes" - notably the cause of human capital - that have largely determined the development and implementation of these policies. This paper seeks to show the nuances of the idea of consensual reforms in Mexico and Brazil, without denying the extent to which these transformations have occurred. This means that institutional change in Brazil is operated by adding new features to existing institutions; while in Mexico, in the first instance, the process of change and consolidation of conditional cash transfer programs has occurred as an institutional shift and then the defenders of the status quo actors marginally modified the program to keep their interests. As monetary instruments to combat poverty, these programs are the subject of an ambiguous consensus and actors from different coalitions end up supporting them. Finally, "interests", necessary at different times, were constituted as a key variable to understand the permanence and strengthening of these policies through locking phenomena
A década de 1990 assistiu ao nascimento das chamadas « transferências condicionadas de renda » : programas assistenciais para famílias pobres à condição de que elas incentivem seus filhos a prosseguirem os estudos e que frequentem centros de saúde. Com o objetivo de reduzir a pobreza e assegurar um futuro melhor para os « pobres » de amanhã, essas políticas representam um novo tipo de proteção social com princípios e modos de operaçäo diferentes dos programas tradicionais. A análise de suas origens revela uma estruturação progressiva marcada por contextos institucionais e trajetórias distintas que geraram resultados semelhantes. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar uma ou mais variáveis que possam explicar a emergência e expansão no Brasil e no México nas décadas de 1990 e 2000, examinando a maneira como suas evoluções suscitaram oposições mais ou menos fortes de atores e os constrangimentos institucionais enfrentados. Nós podemos observar uma estruturação de grupos reunidos em torno a « causas » - notadamente a causa do capital humano - que influem na elaboração e na implementação dessas políticas. Esse trabalho busca matizar a ideia de reformas consensuais no México e no Brasil, sem negar a dimensão das transformações ocorridas. A mudança institucional no Brasil é operada por meio da adição de novos recursos às instituições existentes; e no México, em primeira instância, o processo de mudança e consolidação da política de transferência de renda ocorreu como um deslocamento institucional e, posteriormente, os atores defensores do status quo modificam marginalmente o programa para manter os seus interesses. Assim, esses programas são objeto de um consenso ambíguo, uma vez que atores de diferentes coalizões passam a reivindicar eventualmente esses instrumentos. Finalmente, os « interesses » constituíram-se como uma variável chave para entender a permanência e o reforço das condicionalidades dessas políticas por meio de fenômenos de lock- in
Hernández, González Edna. "Comment l'illumination nocturne est devenue une politique urbaine : la circulation de modèles d'aménagement de Lyon (France) à Puebla, Morelia et San Luis Potosí (Mexique)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1106/document.
During the last twenty years, the urban night originally appeared in France as a new discourse in particular concerning the new functions of lighting in the city. The evolution of the rhythms of lifestyles toward night-time schedules, the offer of services and leisure activities during night, the promotion of the night-time image of cities or at the night-time cultural events in the town-centre and the development of Illumination Master Plans are at the centre of a series of questions on cultural, political and environmental policies. The objective of this doctoral dissertation is the study of the emergence of night-time as a new sphere of action for urban policies. The adoption of the policies of illumination by the French cities, in particular the experience of the city of Lyon, appears as an international reference model. This study is based on the research work relating to diffusion and mobility of ideas and models, the transfer process of the public politics as well the work regarding the urban expertise. This dissertation aims to address questions concerning diffusion of the Lyon's experience and its re-appropriation processes in three Mexican cities: Puebla, Morelia and San Luis Potosi. This research uses the city of Lyon (France) as a case study to investigate the physical planning strategies of lighting design in the city and takes into account the production of the reference model. It then analyse the modalities of reception and appropriation of this model in the cities of Puebla, Morelia and San Luis Potosi. This is essential to show the complexities of the production of transfer of expertise of lighting design as well the dynamic contribution by local actors and the lighting designers to the production processes to the lighting policies. The urban planning based on lighting design, is a process which takes place in the international context of an "analyzer" of the local changes through the public action
Bonnefond, Mathieu. "Les modes de régulation des usages des espaces naturels en France et au Mexique : analyse des cas de la Brenne et du bassin du Tepalcatepec." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465895.
Jeanne, Boris. "Mexico-Madrid-Rome : sur les pas de Diego Valadés, une étude des milieux romains tournés vers le Nouveau Monde à l'époque de la Contre-Réforme (1568-1594)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0134.
Papal bulls at the end of the 15th century conferred upon Iberian rulers a significant control over the young American churches. In the wake of the Council of Trent, the Holy See attempted to strike roots through spiritual and diplomatic means. Following in the footsteps of Diego Valadés, a Franciscan mestizo born in New Spain and turned procurator general of his order at the Roman Curia, the present thesis highlights how Rome developed an interest in the New World by collecting information and undertaking diplomatic moves while reckoning with the limits set up by Iberian ecclesiastical patronages. These limits were sometimes over passed through Roman Church structures proper, and in particular through missionary networks converging towards the Curia. The Spanish crown then showed it was likely to react, as was exemplified by the exclusion of Valadés, who thus fled to Perugia to publish his Rhetorica Christiana in 1579. The study of this Latin work intended for European readers offers an insight into the Roman way of seeing America. Starting from the life and work of Valadés, different circles looking towards the New World will be explored, illustrating the world's renewed apostolic concerns regarding papacy at the heart of the Counter-Reformation, in the years preceding the creation of the congregation of Propaganda Fide in the 17th century
Leon, Gomez Noemi. "Attractivité et identité, liens et enjeux dans la construction d’une métropole : le cas de Mexico (1977–2007) à travers trois exemples de projets d’aménagement." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1114/document.
Pas de résumé en anglais
Ferreira, Nathalie. "La criminalité en Nouvelle Espagne : les lois, les délits et les peines." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040026.
From the discovery of the New World to our days, collective imagination thought the West Indies to be people by thirsty cruelty was behond reason or by primitive people devoided of a sense of guilt. Now, crimes and offensives, from the begining until the end of colonial area, downsit exotic representations of europeans, there was neither canibalism nor barbaric acts, but the same type of criminality, which only displayed from colonial indiosincrasies, as in other society. Where as crimes related to land and property tell off the inavoidable incomprehension between spaniors and indigenous people, sexual offensive are proof of the lowless state. In which people of the colony leaved severity of the laws, leniency of the judges miss use of authority, clientelism, are main treatures of New Spain’s criminal history
Morales, Julie. "La relation entre le monde politique, les médias et la société civile dans la construction du discours de presse sur "l'événement Stan" (octobre 2005, Mexique, Chiapas) : de l'objet médiatique à l'instrument politique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584396/en/.
Czarnecki, Lukasz. "Configuration du pouvoir et reproduction de la pauvreté et des inégalités dans quatre États mexicains : Chiapas, Veracruz, Yucatan et District Fédéral." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG019.
The main objective of this study is to analyze the local power configuration in four Mexican states: Chiapas, Veracruz, Yucatan and the Federal District, with regard to reproduction of poverty and inequality that persist despite the implementation of social programs for the elderly in Mexico. These four Mexican states show similarities and differences in the reproduction of power by the PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) and by the "big families". This reproduction is related to political clientelism, which also supplies the reproduction of poverty and inequality. The comparative study between four states is carried out within a context of socio-demographic transition and ageing processes of Mexican population. The study also addresses issues of gender discrimination, conflicts between social classes and racism in social relations, in articulation with persistence of the "colonialism of power" implemented by various exogenous and endogenous groups
Lariagon, Renaud. "Dimensión territorial de las experiencias estudiantiles : entre dominación, conflicto y emancipación en la Universidad Tecnológica de la Costa Grande de Guerrero (Petatlán, GRO, México) y en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (CDMX, México)." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC017.
Based on both Henri Lefebvre's production of Space (1974) and the concept of experience, we have linked the subjective and objective worlds, making possible the exploration of the spatial conditions of collective subjects’ conformation. So, studying the territorial dimension of experiences means undertaking the spatialization of power relations existing between students and academic institutions, in which relationships of domination and/or conflict and/or emancipation are intermingled.The research was conducted on two places chosen for their characteristics that involve radically different experiences. The UTCGG is a small university that trains students of indigenous and peasant origins, with the aim of boosting the economic development of a rural and economically disadvantaged region. As for the students of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the UNAM, they follow courses in human sciences in one of the most prestigious institutions in Latin America. Located in the Mexican megalopolis, this faculty has known and continues to be the theater and the epicenter of a strong student activism.We have discovered two series of territorial experiences characterized by specific relations between the social origins of students, the ideological contents of university courses, and differentiated learning of space. The main results make it possible to establish that the processes of political subjectivation are spatially readable and to begin to characterize territorially the subalternity, the antagonism and the autonomy
Bonzom, Mathieu. "Mobilisations et politisation d'immigrés latinos à Chicago et aux États-Unis, à la lumière du mouvement du printemps 2006." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0004/document.
Contemporary latino mass immigration has come to the United States within the framework ofi mmigration policies resulting from the tensions between employers' demands, anti-immigration pressures from various groups, and the immigrants' own aspirations. Those partially contradictory demands have been harnessed in what we call the immigration regime, which policymakers strive tomaintain, sometimes through substantial modifications. The regime, between immigration demand and rejection, constitutes one of the historical conditions of immigrant mobilization and politicization.Other such conditions are a result of the history and the present state of the labor movement, longhostile towards immigration, despite drawing crucial contributions from it. Immigrants remain largely unorganized for the defense of their rights, despite the interventions of non-profits. Hardly anything in the organizational landscape allowed analysts to predict any social movement such as that which swept the country during the Spring of 2006. Our analysis, based on the existing literature as well asour own fieldwork data collected in Chicago, will present the creation of a political opportunity for such a movement, at a time when the stabilization of the immigration regime was becoming particularly problematic. The social actors behind this creation, activists who arguably founded themovement, sometimes belonged to established immigrant advocacy organizations, yet acted relatively autonomously in the Spring of 2006. Their success rested on their capacity to intervene in a way thatechoed the rising tide of protest among latino immigrants. We offer a reading of those events based on the concept of repertoires of protest, so as to better describe the specific traits of an atypical mobilization in the contemporary US context, and the importance of political culture trends among latino immigrants. The movement was also an opportunity to focus on strategic debates concerning immigrant rights (within the regime or otherwise) and the power and legitimacy of various forms of protest. Lastly, through a double case study, we offer a sketch of an analysis of the migratory and militant trajectories of leaders of the 2006 movement in Chicago
Pochetti, Irène. "La cité des enfants des rues. Représentations, politiques et expériences des jeunesses urbaines marginales à Mexico et Tijuana." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0018.
This thesis deals with the history and construction of the social problem of Mexican street children and with the actual experience of marginalised youth in Mexico City and Tijuana. Symbol of the issue of “abandoned children” in developing countries, this social category has become one of the priorities of the first democratically elected Mexican government in 2000. The thesis examines how the world of “street children” is shaped by analysing the actors of social intervention and the effects of the country’s deep political and societal changes on these marginalised urban youth.Through a socio-historic approach from 1880 to nowadays, this thesis firstly studies the emergence of this category within the public space and its construction as a social problem, embedded in the socio-political transformations of the country. By exploring iconographic and documentary supports, the analysis identifies a constant tension between the figure of ‘victim’ and of ‘delinquent’, a tension which goes hand in hand with the anxiety produced by the tremendous urban development of Mexico.This ethnographic research, carried out in Mexico and Tijuana between 2003 and 2010, demonstrates the relevance of observing at city level in order to understand how the policies, representations and social experiences articulate. The analysis brings to light the specific features of these two cities in their perception and treatment of the problem as well as in the resulting individualisation modes and biographies of these young people. In Tijuana, a “border effect” is observed, whereas the streets dynamics in Mexico City are characterised by a “capital effect”. Finally, the gender analysis demonstrates the tensions between the appropriation of a law terminology in the everyday practices of the organisations working with this population and the traditional image of a sexualised and hierarchic family, embedded in the national narrative
Bordat, Élodie. "Les dynamiques du changement dans l'action publique : une analyse comparative historique des politiques culturelles mexicaine et argentine, 1983-2009." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1106/document.
How should we explain change in cultural policy in Mexico and Argentina? Through a comparative historical analysis, this thesis shows the emergence, institutionalization and evolution of the cultural sector's public policy in these two Latin American countries, from 1983 to 2009. It addresses the changes induced by processes of decentralization, transnationalization and the rise of the private sector (both profit and non-profit) in Mexican and Argentinean cultural policy. The central hypothesis is that dynamics of change in cultural policy may be understood by taking into account these two countries' socio-economic and political "contexts", and by drawing on four analytical dimensions: actors, cognitive representations, institutional frameworks and public policy instruments. This comparative study thus combines a neo-institutionalist and cognitive analysis of change
Aragon, Falomir Jaime. "Les réseaux politiques autour de Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1950-2012). Construction et reproduction des élites au cœur du processus de démocratisation au Mexique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA147.
After seventy years in power, the Revolutionary Institutional Party (PRI) lost the 2000 federal elections. While this could be considered as a political alternation, it does not signify a complete transformation of the political regime. This thesis proposes a new point of view on the issues of political change. Through a biographical study of the public men around the ex- president Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988-1994), we propose an analysis of the way of constructing a Political Group (1950-1979), as well as the mechanisms and strategies used to grasp power (1979-2000). This accession took place in a particular context of national and international crises as well as a paradigms shift. These actors had succeeded to “deform” the rules of a closed regime, promoting a process of “democratization”, called the “flows of openings”. The members of this political group surrounding that president have lived, since the year 2000, an extraordinary “dissemination” in different sectors (in particular the economic, political and consulting circles). We will be able to identify how a political group obtains power fiefdoms, before, during and after it has formally left the government. This thesis focuses on this paradoxical movement between disappearance, circulation and reproduction of elites from a theoretical and empirical level
Después de setenta años en el poder, el Partido Revolucionario Institucional pierde las elecciones en el año 2000 a nivel nacional. Por lo tanto, aunque podamos hablar de alternancia política, no se trata completamente de una transformación del tipo de régimen. Esta tesis propone un punto de vista distinto sobre la problemática acerca del cambio político. A través de un estudio biográfico de personajes públicos alrededor del ex presidente Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988-1994), aportamos un análisis de las modalidades de construcción de un grupo político (1950-1979), así como de los mecanismos y estrategias utilizadas para acceder al poder (1979-2000). Este ascenso tiene lugar en un contexto de crisis nacionales, internacionales y de desplazamiento de paradigmas. Los actores estudiados lograrán “deformar” las reglas de un régimen cerrado, para impulsar un proceso de “democratización”, entendido como la implementación de “flujos de apertura”. Asi, los miembros del grupo político del ex presidente viven, desde el año 2000, una extraordinaria “diseminación” en distintos sectores (económicos, políticos y de consultoría). Podremos por lo tanto identificar como un grupo político logra obtener feudos de poder, antes, durante y después de haber dejado formalmente el gobierno. La tesis se enfoca tanto en el plano teórico, como empírico, sobre este movimiento paradójico, entre desaparición, circulación y reproducción de una elite
Cano-Castellanos, Ingreet-Juliet. "De montaña a “reserva forestal” : colonización, sentido de comunidad y producción de la conservación ecológica en el sureste de la Selva Lacandona, México." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100136/document.
How is it possible that "peasants", supported by the agrarian impulses characterized by the Mexican state over the last 4 decades, have been interested in the conservation of forest ecosystems present in localities formed through a process of intensive colonization and appropriation of jungle environments? This is the central question that guides my doctoral research, constructed from ethnographic and anthropological work conducted in a region of the area known as the Lacandon Jungle. It is particularly focused on Marqués de Comillas, a colonized region between 1970 and 1986. It is located near the Biosphere Reserve, Montes Azules, and borders the neighboring country of Guatemala. The research focuses upon the development and experiences of men and women who have lived through the intense challenges represented by both colonization and ecological conservation of the forest. At the same time, my work tries to comprehend environmental changes and cultural changes produced there. In addition, the research represents an effort to demonstrate and understand the contradictory relationships in which local people and the Mexican state reposition themselves. In this sense, the answer to the question corresponds with an attempt to unearth the interaction between human groups and "natural" environments, but also processes in which these groups and governments interact. Specifically, I'm interested in the symbolic and material impact that the dynamics of government daily life have on the local people
¿Cómo es posible que “campesinos” surgidos por el impulso agrario característico del aparato de Estado mexicano, a lo largo de las 4 últimas décadas, hayan pasado a interesarse en la conservación de los ecosistemas forestales, presentes en localidades formadas tras un proceso de colonización y apropiación intensiva de los entornos de selva? Esta es la pregunta central que guía mi investigación doctoral, construida a partir de un trabajo etnográfico y antropológico, realizado en una de las regiones que integran la llamada Selva Lacandona. Se trata concretamente de Marqués de Comillas, región colonizada entre 1970 y 1986 y ubicada a inmediaciones de la Reserva de la Biosfera Montes Azules, así como de la frontera con el vecino país de Guatemala. Interesada en las trayectorias y experiencias de hombres y mujeres que han vivido con intensidad los desafíos que han representado tanto la colonización, como la conservación ecológica de la selva, trato de entender las transformaciones ambientales y los cambios socioculturales allí producidos. Asimismo, la investigación representa un esfuerzo por evidenciar y comprender las contradictorias relaciones a partir de las cuales las poblaciones locales y el Estado mexicano se reconfiguran mutuamente. En este sentido, la respuesta a la pregunta formulada corresponde a un intento por abordar de manera interrelacionada, tanto los procesos de interacción entre grupos humanos y entornos dichos “naturales”, como aquellos que se dan entre tales grupos y las instancias o dinámicas gubernamentales y burocráticas que permean simbólica y materialmente sus cotidianeidades
Ortega, Orozco Adriana. "Les expositions d’art mexicain dans l’espace transnational : circulations, médiations et réceptions (1938 – 1952 – 2000)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA024.
Located in the intersection of the fields of History of Exhibitions and History of International Cultural Relations, this thesis studies the construction of a particular image of the Mexican nation abroad through the medium of art, and the ways in which this image was perceived by diverse audiences in different countries. The thesis analyzes the circulation, mediation and reception of Mexican art in a transnational context for the first major traveling exhibition of Mexican art in Europe.Between 1952 and 1953, the exhibition Art mexicain du précolombien à nos jours (Mexican art from pre-Columbian times to the present day) was successively presented in Paris, Stockholm, London and Mexico City. This cultural event draws upon a long prehistory that dates back to the 1920s. After several failed attempts, the idea of presenting an exhibition of Mexican art in Europe reemerges in the postwar period driven by the Mexican government and a constellation of European state and non-state actors, leading up to the opening of the exhibition in Paris on May 20, 1952.The thesis studies the stakes that various promoters had in the exhibition as well as the ways in which its curatorial discourse crystallized a nationalist rhetoric that stresses the continuity of the mexican artistic genius through the ages. It further investigates the different receptions and interactions within the Euro-American space by analyzing the various representations of Mexico articulated by the European publics; conversely, it examines the ways in which Mexican society resignifies the European reactions vis-à-vis Mexican art and adapts them to the local context. Moreover, this work scrutinizes the approvals and rejections expressed by the Mexican public with regard to the particular image of lo mexicano promoted by the state. The thesis demonstrates how this exhibition became a model for the display of Mexican art abroad, reappearing several times in various declensions over the following decades as a trademark of Mexican cultural diplomacy