Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Political developement"

Television has become one of the most significant means of communication during last 50 years. During political campains politicians use a wide range of techniques in order to gain their voters’ support. Debates before elections, polls, announcements on Tv are the most common means used by parties. Developement of technology caused the increase of politicians presence not only in the news but also in the shows.

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of human and political capitals of entrepreneurs on enterprise performance in four emerging nations.The rent generation potential of these capitals is a well established fact, however, much less is known concerning the contingent nature of their value creation prowess. In this work, we draw on institutional theory and dynamic managerial capabilities perspective to examine the interactive effect of country of origin economic developement level and the international experience of entrepreurs, on the capitals, with respect to a set of financial indicators. Employing a quantitative methodology, our findings reveal that the relationship between the capitals and enterprise performance are indeeed contingent with the capitals of home-grown entrepreneurs, rather than those of returnee migrant entrepreneurs, exhibiting a greater propensity to influence enterprise performance. We conclude with implications for theory and practice.

The paper compares the university education system in three countries: the Russian Federation, the Republic of Moldova and Romania. Even though they are part of different geo-political and cultural spaces, the three states have important similarities in higher education. In all three countries processes of university education reform have been carried out to modernize and adapt to the demands of globalization and the new communication society. Also, the relation to the trends and contents of European higher education has been and remains a constant of the managerial activity of education ministries and of other institutions with educational attributions. At the same time, there are differences between the higher education systems of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Moldova and Romania, which come from the specifics of their evolution so far, but also from the society in which they operate.

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity have become an important public health problem. Life style approach is required, and requires political and social commitment in addition to medical management. We investigated the prevalence of obesity and the association with risk factors relating to physical activities, in higher secondary school children of government and private schools.Methods: In 2015, we surveyed higher secondary students in North Kerala both in government and private sector schools. We measured height, weight and plotted Body mass Index on CDC (Child Developement Centre) charts. Factors affecting obesity like physical and sedentary activities (using Bharathy et al questionnaire) and school-based risk factors were also studied.Results: Multivariate logistic regression was done to evaluate the significance of these risk factors for overweight and obesity. On the basis of measurements taken in 496 higher secondary school students, the estimated provincial prevalence of overweight was found to be 7%, obesity 3% and malnutrition 18%. Children who studied in private school was found to have increased risk of overweight p=0.02 with odds ratio (OR of 2.97 95% confidence interval CI 1.27-6.97), whereas those who went to school by walking were at decreased risk (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.16-6.65). Students involved in house hold chores for 4hours or more a week were associated with a decreased risk of overweight (OR 3.96, 95% CI 1.42-11.07) and those with less activity were at increased risk for obesity (OR 6.61, 95% CI 1.91-22.84).Conclusions: Home and schools provide important opportunities for public health initiatives for reducing childhood overweight and obesity. Children in private schools coming from higher socio-economic background are being less physically active and has thus susceptible to obesity and its consequences.

The present interactive research-action-training project, looking at the young cochlear-implanted subjects from a multidisciplinary holistic perspective, was based on the theory on psychosocial development of human beings, the attachment theory, language development theories and the concept of resilience. The integrative approach suggests two creative therapeutic styles (play- and dramatherapy) as means of intervention of neuro-dramatic play. The study starts from the hypothesis that creative therapies will help young children wearing cochlear implants at social integration in the peer groups of normal-hearing children and teenagers. This integrative approach will facilitate developement of teamwork abilities by improving their self-esteem and self-image. We included children and their families in an assisted resilience process with expert paticipation in the field of social and political development of Romanian non-guvernamental organisations. Material and method. The research-action-training project targets 3-18-year-old deaf children and teenagers wearing cochlear implants or hearing aids. The study considered a group of 72 deaf children and teenagers, as well as 49 normal-hearing subjects of similar ages, who were observed during the whole therapeutic program. Specific techniques were: painting, drawing, modelling, sand, miniatures, sensorial and corporal plays, role play, improvisation, body movement, music, dance, mimic and masks. The professional teams (psychologists, dramatherapists, educators, medical assistants, students at the school of play- and dramatherapy, film directors) who worked with and supervised these children and teenagers during the whole project (whose coordinator was helped by 12 volunteers) assured a secured and relaxed atmosphere, observing rules which did not restrict young subjects’ freedom of expression. Results. The positive results show the necessity to implement creative therapies during the auditory-verbal rehabilitation of the young deaf subjects. 42% (of the young subjects) improved their body movements, 27% acquired better projection strategies, 67% ameliorated their ability of interpreting a role, and 72% got pro-risk scores. The results are accompanied by significant images shot during the program activities. Conclusions. Parallelling the audio-verbal therapy, the play- and dramatherapy are important complementary remedial treatments in stimulating the means of expression and communication of children and teenagers wearing cochlear implants.

Until recently, welfare politics in Korea and Japan tended to be dominated by conservative forces "from above." This paper investigates the formation and domination of such forces from above, with a focus on the interaction between institutional arrangements and strategic maneuvering by political actors which, I argue, constitutes the politics of (social) policy-making. The notion of the politics of social policy-making aims to provide a more politically and institutionally sensitive framework than the pluralist analysis of policy-making. Korea and Japan share some crucial institutional legacies of the "developemental state" and "group-coordinated market economies." At the same time, attention should also be paid to different institutional configurations, such as a strong presidential system and first-past-the-post voting in Korea and a parliamentary system and single non-transferable vote in Japan. The main research question is, what are the similarities and differences in the politics of social policy-making between these two countries?

Since the second half of the 20th century in Asia is evident the emergence of the new centers of economic growth. The success of the Asian newly industrialized countries is followed by different in character but also dynamic development of the Asian newly industrialized countries of the second generation. The growing economic powers in Asia as also in global measures are China and India. The importance of these countries in the context of the global economy will be likely to increase. However, these countries face many typical for developing countries constraints of the economic and social development. This paper describes the European Union's approach to development cooperation with the states of South and Southeast Asia, its application, effectiveness, and in particular the importance of modern optimal growth of these countries for the future of the EU in terms of its growth and sustainable development.

Questa tesi, strutturata in tre documenti autonomi ma logicamente connessi, si propone di analizzare alcuni problemi, idee e prospettive relativi allo sviluppo. In particolare, il primo documento “Sviluppo e paradigmi di sviluppo: un’analisi delle visioni prevalenti” fornisce un quadro comparativo dei principali modelli di sviluppo adottati da diversi paesi (visione, azioni specifiche e processi di attuazione) e ne evidenzia specificità, analogie e differenze. Il secondo documento: “Analisi d’impatto delle politiche de degli shocks dei prezzi internazionali: Modelli CGE per un paese non industrializzato importatore netto di petrolio e dipendente dagli aiuti esterni”, mette in luce come le informazioni utilizzabili nei processi di formulazione delle politiche che si ottengono da un modello CGE dipendano sia dalle assunzioni relative alla struttura del modello che dalla struttura del sistema economico oggetto dell’indagine. In particolare, le variazioni del tasso di cambio reale si ripercuotono sul resto del sistema tanto più, quanto più il paese riceve finanziamenti ed aiuti dall’estero. Il terzo documento “Shocks dei prezzi internazionali in Burkina Faso: valutazione degli impatti socio-economici con modelli CGE” si propone di valutare l’impatto degli shocks dei prezzi internazionali di prodotti alimentari, petrolio, fertilizzanti e cotone, avvenuti nella prima decade degli anni 2000, sul sistema socio-economico del Burkina Faso, esempio di paese non industrializzato importatore netto di petrolio e dipendente dagli aiuti esteri. Da una lettura complessiva dei tre documenti emerge che, per assicurare uno sviluppo globale sostenibile nel lungo periodo, alla luce dei problemi di sviluppo emergenti e dei vincoli globali quali il vincolo energetico, i cambiamenti climatici, le disuguaglianze, i conflitti e le migrazioni è necessario rivedere la maggior parte dei paradigmi di sviluppo adottati finora.
This thesis, structured in three individual but logically interlinked papers aims at addressing select development issues, ideas and perspectives. More specifically, the first paper “Development and development paradigms: a (reasoned) review of prevailing visions” provides a comparative analysis of the prevailing development models adopted by different countries (visions, specific actions and implementation processes) and highlights their analogies, differences and specificities. The second paper “Analyzing policy impacts and international price shocks: Alternative Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models for an aid-dependent less-industrialized country”, highlights how relevant information for policy making obtained by CGE models depend both on the assumptions regarding the structure of the model and on the structure of the socio-economic system under investigation. More specifically, the more the country receives foreign grants and loans, the more the variations of the real exchange rate due to price shocks affect the country’s socio-economic system. The third document “International price shocks in Burkina Faso: assessing development impacts with a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) approach” assesses the impact of the international price shocks of food, oil, fertilizers and cotton, occurred in the first decade of the new millennium, on Burkina Faso, a less-industrialized oil-dependent and foreign aid-dependent country. Reading across the three papers of this work, it emerges that, to achieve globally equitable and sustainable development objectives, in the light of the emerging issues and global constraints such as exhaustible fossil energy, climate changes, inequalities conflicts and migrations, it is necessary revising most of the development paradigms adopted so far.

Since Batain Island was targeted for development by Soeharto's New Order government in the late-1960s, it has undergone a significant transformation, physically, economically and politically. This study describes and analyses that transformation. Whilst the results of development on Batam Island before 1988 were quite limited, and highly reliant on the oil industry, changes to the investment regime in 1989, as well as other reforms, has brought farreaching changes - a massive influx of investment and the growth of an export-oriented manufacturing sector. What was once a sparsely populated island of subsistence farmers and fishermen is today a seemingly thriving manufacturing, industrial and tourism area. Through an examination of domestic factors, such as state and non-state institutions, individuals and business, as well as external factors such as international economic conditions and foreign capital, the study also considers what the experiences of developing Batam Island tell us about the policy-making processes in Indonesia, and about Indonesian political economy under the New Order in general. It is argued that Indonesian political economy is characterised by what might best be described as elite politics. Patrimonialism and the closely-connected features of patronclient relationships and intra-elite politicking have consistently dominated the policymaking processes under the New Order government presided over by President Soeharto. This is not to deny the existence of other influences. Indonesian societal groups have demonstrated that they can have policy input. Likewise, external variables have affected the policy environment However, whilst societal influences are not a major constraint on the Indonesian state's policy-makers, it is recognised that policy-making is not confined simply to actors within the state apparatus. In tracing Batam's development, various political and economic interactions become apparent - between domestic and international variables, between public and private interests, between state and civil society, and within the state itself - illustrating that while the main focus of studies of Indonesian political economy should be on the state, nonstate influences must also be analysed in order to explain how political and economic actions in Indonesia are best understood.

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
美術學系
102
Abstract The creations of art were often not far from a life. So from the ancient times till now, the creations of art namely reflected a life. To Taiwan contemporary art ," lifting of the martial law " was a very important hub that not only results in tremendous political rift , also opened the diverse development of contemporary political judgment art. Taiwan contemporary art started from the 80’s . The artists were aggressive of getting involved in society by art. Current conditions of social development usually mutually depended on politics,so the creations of art couldn’t be far from politics since that time. They fully showed such kind of general condition on the art. Artists extremely emphasized native consciousness in their creations. However, they were limited by political current conditions, and their creations were in an unidentified status. After lifting of the martial law, for the opening of politics, art creations of political consciousness were extraordinarily increasing. Artists put forth many judgments and studies on the political current conditions at that time.And the direct election of the president is an impotant watershed of the political change,and also urged the creations of art to be getting more diverse. Furthermore, Taiwan couldn’t but be outside international society. Thoughts of the international community usually caused the tremendous influence on the social phenomena of Taiwan,and it also urged the artists to have another topic of concern outside the political judgment art creations. In summary , all creations showed the artists’ social care.This thesis namely aimed at exploring those social and political changes, and the artists’ creations deriving from those changes.

This thesis examines the nature and development of Islamism in Indonesia between 1998 and 2002. The New Order regime (1966-1998) suppressed ideologically driven Islam. Islamic political aspirations for most of this period were channelled mainly through the Partai Persatuan Pembangunan ('United Development Party', PPP). In 1998, many new Islamist parties were established. The most important were Partai Keadilan ('Justice Party', PK) and Partai Bulan Bintang ('Crescent Star Party', PBB). The main support base ofPK was Islamic study groups from state universities. PBB intended to revive the ideals of Masyumi, the country's largest Islamist party of the 1950s. A large part of this study focuses on the political behaviour of PPP, PK and PBB. Much of the scholarly literature on Islamic politics undervalues Islamism's constitutionalism and reformist credentials. At the same time, it is rarely sensitive to the contradictions in Islamist politics and the causes of this. Many scholars approach the subject from a Western liberal point of view. This thesis critiques this literature and advances a more nuanced approach by examining Islamist politics on its own terms. The study gives particular attention to the dynamic between ideological idealism and political pragmatism. It will demonstrate that, for the most part, pragmatism prevailed in Islamist politics. It does not discount ideologically driven motives but holds that these were often subordinate to practical electoral considerations, in particular the need to appear pluralist and reform oriented. It will also point to political strategy as the crucial factor behind Islamism's manifold ambiguities. The thesis also discusses ideological and strategic aspects in the re-formation process of Islamist parties and the downplaying of shari'ah (Islamic law) issues in order to maximise electoral support and the share of power politic.